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Many scholars have investigated metadiscourse use in academic settings, but they have mostly explored written data, such as academic essays and research articles. However, spoken discourses like student presentations are rarely explored. Extant studies tend to focus on metadiscourse investigation in either native or non-native English learners' writing or speaking respectively. We argue that a comparative investigation of non-native English learners' speaking and writing permits understanding their lexical choices for making their discourse coherent. This study examines written and spoken metadiscourse markers of Indonesian EFL students, highlighting potential similarity and or differences as well as their distinctive features. In doing so, we refer to Hyland's (1998, 2004) metadiscourse markers: the interactive and interactional taxonomy. This attempt is necessary given that writing or speaking is a social practice where speakers or writers' need to provide audiences with a "channel" to understand the message. Hyland's taxonomy of metadiscourse markers enables us to shed important light on "social engagement" among speakers, writers, and audiences in the respective context. In terms of research method, we employed a quantitative approach. The data were gathered from eight student presentations and seventy writing tasks in an Academic Writing class. The findings demonstrate that interactive markers are used more frequently than interactional devices in both spoken (1616) and written discourse (278). The interactional markers, on the other hand, are reported to happen only 855 times in spoken and 133 times in written discourses. It also echoes Indonesian EFL students' communicative strategic preference that tends to connect and highlight the arguments in lieu of displaying participants' involvement.

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Translation frequently conveys information about culture, knowledge, and other social interactions. It is also considered from the perspective of intercultural communication access to developments in the humanities, sciences, and technologies. It is the fastest, most effective, and most efficient approach to transmitting knowledge and technology. Therefore, it is necessary to apply translation methodologies and techniques to ascertain the translator's translation ideology. The research method used in this research is the qualitative research design. This research took samples of the translation of mechanical engineering terms in Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Heat Transfer to look for techniques, methods, and ideologies used by translators to translate these terms from English into Indonesian. The data obtained were 175, with the discovery of 109 single translation techniques, 50 double translation techniques, and six triplet translation techniques. Three translation methods are applied: the literal translation method, the faithful translation method, and the semantic translation method. From the technical data and translation methods, the researcher concludes that the ideology applied by the translator is the ideology of foreignization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines online media related to the cases of Indonesian celebrities using a critical discourse analysis approach. It aims to explain the textual strategies used by the online press upon reporting the facts. The textual strategy focuses on the selection of precise vocabulary and the use of specific grammar. The data are collected through reading and note taking techniques on news texts in the online media, liputan6.com, and kapanlagi.com, with topics such as the divorce of Marshanda, Asmirandah interfaith marriage, and the case of celebrity prostitution. The current descriptive qualitative research employs critical discourse analysis proposed by van Dijk which generally believes that media always contains interests and partisanships. Therefore, they tend to provide a positive picture of themselves/groups (positive selfpresentation) and negative images about others (negative other presentation). The map can be analyzed through the way the media use the diction and build specific sentences inside the news. The result shows that the media uses the vocabulary such as mothers who have an affair, women who cannot be emulated, presumptuous women, a liar man, no longer Muslim when reporting on the case of Marshanda's divorce, and Asmirandah's interfaith marriage. Furthermore, the researcher finds the use of passivation, abstraction, categorization, identification, and anonymity strategies in grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]