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The two most important criteria for introducing new confectionary hybrids into production are high seed and protein yield. That is why it is important to find the traits that are measurable, and that at the same time show a strong correlation with seed and protein yield, so that they can be used as a criteria for confectionary hybrid breeding. Results achieved during 2008 at the locations Rimski Šančevi (Region of Vojvodina) and Kula (Central Serbia) show that the new confectionary hybrids are expressing higher seed yields in comparison to standards (Vranac and Cepko) though with a lower seed oil content. A very strong positive correlation was determined between seed yield and seed protein content, kernel content and mass of 1000 seeds. A very strong positive correlation was determined between seed protein content, seed yield and mass of 1000 seeds, with protein yield. This indicates that seed yield, seed protein content and mass of 1000 seeds have a high influence on protein yield. The degree of interdependence between different traits is a sign of direction which is supposed to facilitate better planning of sunflower breeding program. Dva najznačajnija kriterijuma za uvođenje novih konzumnih hibrida u proizvodnju su visok prinos semena i proteina. Zato je važno pronaći osobine koje su merljive, a istovremeno ispoljavaju jaku korelaciju sa prinosom semena i proteina tako da se mogu koristiti kao kriterijumi za oplemenjivanje konzumnih hibrida. Postignuti rezultati u toku 2008. godine na lokalitetima Rimski Šančevi (region Vojvodina) i Kula (uža Srbija) pokazuju da novi hibridi konzumnog tipa postižu veće prinose semena u poređenju sa standardima (Vranac i Cepko) uz smanjenje sadržaja ulja. Utvrđena je veoma jaka pozitivna korelacija između prinosa semena i sadržaja proteina u semenu, sadržaja jezgra, mase 1000 semena. Pozitivna veoma jaka korelacija konstatovana je između sadržaja proteina u semenu, prinosa semena i mase 1000 semena sa prinosom proteina. To pokazuje da prinos semena, sadržaj proteina u semenu i masa 1000 semena imaju visok uticaj na prinos proteina. Stepen međuzavisnosti između različitih osobina je putokaz koji treba da omogući bolje planiranje programa za oplemenjivanje suncokreta.

Path coefficient analysis was used to separate direct and indirect effects of studied traits on seed oil content and seed yield, and to identify traits that could be used as selection criteria in sunflower breeding. Significant and highly significant correlations were found between most of the examined traits. Highly significant negative correlations have been established between stem diameter, total leaf area per plant, head diameter and 1,000-seed weight on one side and seed oil content on the other. Highly significant positive correlations have been established between seed yield on one side and stem diameter, total leaf area per plant, head diameter, total number of seeds per head, and the 1,000-seed weight on the other. The weight of 1,000 seeds had a highly significant direct negative effect on seed oil content and a highly significant direct positive effect on seed yield. The total number of seeds per head has demonstrated a highly significant direct positive effect on seed yield and oil content. The total leaf number per plant has demonstrated a significant direct positive effect on seed yield. A path coefficient analysis of seed yield at phenotypic level indicated that maximum direct effects were shownby the weight of 1,000 seeds, total number of seeds per head and total leaf number per plant. The total number of seeds per head was the most important trait that determined seed yield and oil content. The obtained results can be used in sunflower breeding programs aimed at the development of sunflower hybrids that combine high genetic potentials for seed yield and seed oil content.

One of the directions in sunflower breeding is the selection for resistance to broomrape. The population of broomrape has been stable in Serbia for a long period of time, but the racial composition has changed in recent years, with race E being predominant in the regions of north Backa and Banat. Cultivated sunflower is genetically narrow and deficient in many desirable genes. Its genetic variability can be increased by the use of wild sunflower species and interspecific hybridization. The resistance to broomrape in 15 new experimental hybrids was tested on locations in Serbia (Pacir) during three years (2006, 2007 and 2008) and in Romania (Baragan, Braila) during 2008. These hybrids were produced by crossing female inbred lines (Ha-26PR-A, PH-BC2-92-A and Ha-98-A) susceptible to broomrape race E and new Rf inbred lines (RHA-D-2, RHA-D-5, RHA-D- 6, RHA-D-7, RHA-D-8), developed from interspecific populations originating from H. deserticola and resistant to race E. All examined hybrids were resistant to broomrape in both locations. Since broomrape race F is present in the location in Romania, it is expected that the new Rf inbred lines - male components of the examined hybrids, possess the resistance gene for race F also.