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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes a variety of diseases, including bovine mastitis, which has severe economic consequences. Standard antibiotic treatment results in selection of resistant strains, leading to need for an alternative treatment such as bacteriophage therapy. Present study describes isolation and characterization of a staphylococcal phage from sewage samples. S. aureus isolates obtained from microbial type culture collection (MTCC), Chandigarh, India, were used to screen staphylococcal phages. A phage designated as ΦMSP was isolated from sewage samples by soft agar overlay method. It produced clear plaques on tryptone soya agar overlaid with S. aureus. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the phage had an icosahedral symmetry. It had 5 major proteins and possessed a peptidoglycan hydrolase corresponding to 70 kDa. ΦMSP infection induced 26 proteins to be uniquely expressed in S. aureus. This phage can be proposed as a candidate phage to treat staphylococcal infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which analyzes the genetic characterization of recombinant outer membrane protein F (OprF) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The researchers used prokaryotic expression system to perform cloning and sequencing of OprF. They found that OprF is immuno-dominated which suggests that it could be used as vaccine candidate against P. aeruginosa infections.

The article presents a study which analyzes the genetic characterization of recombinant outer membrane protein 22 (Omp22) from Brucella abortus. The researchers used prokaryotic expression vector to produce Omp22. They found that recombinant Omp22 is immunogenic which suggests that it can be evaluated for several applications including development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or as vaccine candidate.

The article presents a study on molecular cloning and expression of cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) from Salmonella Typhi. During the research, the CdtB gene was successfully cloned and sequenced while recombinant CdtB was produced and purified to nearly homogeneity. The study found that the CdtB gene was present in all Salmonella Typhi clinical isolates that were tested.

The article presents a study of the expression profile of toll-like receptor (TLR) genes 3,4 and 9 in major tissues of Indian Catla catla fish. It discusses the role of TLRs in the biological system of fish which is deficient in adaptive immune responses. The expression profile of the TLRs among the liver, spleen and kidney tissues sampled vary. These results are discussed and also presented in graphs.

The article focuses on a study on the molecular cloning, expression and immunological characterization of gene encoding outer membrane protein L1 (OmpL1) obtained from Leptospira (L.) interrogans serovar hardjo. It is said that Leptospira causes leptospirosis, a disease that brings economic losses in animals and multisystemic disease in people. The study seeks to evaluate OmpL1 for sero-diagnostic assay or vaccine development. Findings show the immunodominance of OmpL1 in experimental mice.

The article focuses on a study which investigated the use of Lipl32 gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapidly detecting pathogenic leptospires. Leptospira standard strains were cultured in Fletcher's Leptospira Medium (FLM). The primers based on lipL32 gene were successfully standardized for the rapid diagnosis of pathogenic leptospires.

The article discusses a study which focused on the cloning of recombinant Cytolysin A (ClyA) from Salmonella typhi strains. The prokaryotic expression vector pProExHTb was used to clone, sequence, express and purify the pore forming cytotoxic protein ClyA. The recombinant ClyA could be used to study its role in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever.

The article presents the study which aimed to produce and purify 32kDa immune-dominant outer membrane protein (LipL32) from Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola. The aim is to use the protein for the development of indigenous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the future. The ELISA is used for the sero-diagnosis and sero-surveillance of leptospirosis.

The article describes the cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 32kda outer membrane protein gene, lipL32, from Leptospira Interrogans serovar Canicola. The researchers used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the genetic cloning. They analyzed the nucleotide sequences of lipL32 gene sequence and compared it other similar sequences. They studied the physiochemical characteristics of the predicted protein of lipL32 in L. interrogens serovar Canicola.