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Additional file 1: Figure S1. Yearly variation of the mean abundance for each country. The abundance (y axis) was calculated as the mean all the observations (log transformed) from each country. Figure S2. QQ-plots of the residuals per month for the Obsoletus ensemble. Figure S3. QQ-plots of the residuals per month for the Pulicaris ensemble. Figure S4. Comparison of the abundance maps for each month using Random Forest (RF) and Interpolations for the Obsoletus ensemble. a Maps from January to June. b maps from July to December. Figure S5. Comparison of the abundance maps for each month using Random Forest (RF) and Interpolations for the Pulicaris ensemble. a Maps from January to June. b Maps from July to December. Figure S6. Comparison of the abundance maps for each month using Random Forest (RF) and Interpolations for Culicoides imicola. a Maps from January to June. b Maps from July to December. Figure S7. At a local scale, interpolation maps produce a smother surface between the farms compared to environmental driven RF, for which the predictions differ between adjacent pixels. The example shown in the figure corresponds to the August maps for the Obsoletus ensemble. Green dots: farms used for training, purple dots: farms within the test set.

Additional file 1: Table S1. List of specimens included in this study, along with their identification numbers (voucher code), countries and GenBank accession numbers for each DNA region.

Sarvašová, Adela, Kočišová, Alica, Halán, Miloš, Delécolle, Jean-Claude, Mathieu, Bruno (2014): Morphological and molecular analysis of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Slovakia with five new records. Zootaxa 3872 (5): 541-560, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3872.5.6

Culicoides subgenus Silvaticulicoides Glukhova 1977: 117 Diagnosis. Modified from Glukhova (1977): Female with eyes narrowly separated by a distance of 1 or 2 facets; sensilla coeloconica (SCo) on antennal segments 1, 9– 13; wings gray, densely hairy with macrotrichia over entire surface, patterned with 2–6 small pale spots with or without extra faint pale spots in distal parts of cells r 3, m 1 and m 2; two sclerotized spermathecae with well pronounced necks, a sclerotized ring at the end of the spermathecal duct present. Male: Genitalia with distinct apico-lateral processes on the 9 th tergite; broad and tapering aedeagus, parameres short and thick with weakly elongated ends; ventral roots of gonocoxite tapering or elongated; basal membrane of ninth sternite spiculate. Type species: Ceratopogon fascipennis Staeger

Culicoides picturatus Kremer & Deduit (Fig. 1) Culicoides picturatus Kremer & Deduit 1961: 701 (male, female, desc, figs) Kremer 1965: 166 (male, female, notes, figs, included in key) Damian-Georgescu 1972: 426 (male, fig) Mathieu et al. 2012 (included in key, female illustrated). Non type material examined. Slovakia, Bysta, 48 �� 31 ���N, 21 �� 33 ���E, 6.Jul. 2012 (1 female, 2 males), 14.Jul. 2012 (1 female) 28.Jul. 2012 (2 females); Michalany 17.Jun. 2012 (3 females), 20.Jun. 2012 (16 females), 22.Jun. 2013 (13 females), 25.Oct. 2013 (2 females); Rozhanovce, 48 �� 45 ���N, 21 �� 21 ���E, 2.Jun. 2011 (1 female), 23.Jun. 2011 (1 female), 17.Jul. 2013 (7 females); Tulcik, 49 �� 5 ���N, 21 �� 18 ���E, 22.Jun. 2011 (1 female), 25.Jul. 2012 (1 female), 2.Jul. 2013 (5 females); Velaty, 48 �� 31 ���N, 21 �� 39 ���E, 7.Jul. 2012 (1 female). France, Humes Jorquenay, 47 �� 54 ���N, 5 �� 18 ���E, 26.May. 2009 (1 female), 19.Jun. 2012 (1 female) and 20.Jul. 2012 (1 female); Marcoux, 44 �� 7 ���N, 6 �� 17 ���E, 23.Jul. 2009 (2 males, 1 female); Vaudreville, 49 �� 30 ���N, 1 �� 21 ���O, 8.Jul. 2011 (1 male) and 20.Jun. 2012 (1 female); Caisnes, 49 �� 31 ���N, 3 �� 4 ���E, 20.Jun. 2012 (2 females); Corsica, Porto-Vecchio, 41 �� 35 ���N, 9 �� 15 ���E, 20.Jun. 2002 (10 females); Corsica, Sart��ne, 41 �� 38 ���N, 8 �� 57 ���E, 18.Jun. 2002 (4 females); Corsica, Pietra-Corbara, 42 �� 50 ���N, 9 �� 26 ���E, 28.Jul. 2004 (2 females). Diagnosis. Female: The only species of Palearctic Culicoides with the combination of the following characters: wing with the second radial cell wholly dark and with faint pale spots present in distal part of r 3, m 1 and m 2 cells, with the latter being the most prominent (Fig. 1); separated eyes; SCo distribution 1, 9��� 13; one short blunt-tipped sensilla trichodea (STc) on all basal antennal segments; and mid-tarsal spines on segments 1 to 3. Male: The only species of Palearctic Culicoides with the following combination of characters: wing patterned as described for female, genitalia with characteristics of C. subg Silvaticulicoides and with mid-tarsal spines on segments 1���3. Distribution. Morocco, Israel, Turkey, Switzerland, Spain, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, France, Denmark, United Kingdom and Slovakia. Remarks. The wing pattern of C. picturatus is similar to that of C. alazanicus but the latter has an R 9 / 8 ratio of more than 2, SCo distribution of 1���13, spines present on median-tarsomeres 1 to 4, the absence of a pigmented neck on spermathecae and two short blunt-tipped trichodea on each basal antennal flagellomere. Culicoides picturatus is consistent with all of the characters Glukhova (1977) used to define C. subg. Silvaticulicoides excepting of the number of pale spots on the wing, a character that we do not consider sufficient to preclude the placement of C. picturatus into this subgenus., Published as part of Sarva��ov��, Adela, Ko��i��ov��, Alica, Hal��n, Milo��, Del��colle, Jean-Claude & Mathieu, Bruno, 2014, Morphological and molecular analysis of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Slovakia with five new records, pp. 541-560 in Zootaxa 3872 (5) on page 545, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/229981, {"references":["Kremer, M. & Deduit, Y. (1961) On some Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of Normandy. Description of Culicoides picturatus n. sp [in French]. Annales de parasitologie humaine et comparee, 36, 700 - 705.","Damian-Georgescu, A. (1972) New species of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) for the Romanian fauna [in Romanian]. Studii si Cercetari de Biologie, Seria Zoologie, 24, 423: 432.","Mathieu, B., Cetre-Sossah, C., Garros, C., Chavernac, D., Balenghien, T., Carpenter, S., Setier-Rio, M. L., Vignes-Lebbe, R., Ung, V., Candolfi, E. & Delecolle, J. C. (2012) Development and validation of IIKC: an interactive identification e tool for Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) females from the Western Palaearctic region. Parasites & Vectors, 5, 137. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1756 - 3305 - 5 - 137","Glukhova, V. M. (1977) The subgeneric classification of the genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), including morphological characters of the larva [in Russian]. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 27, 112 - 118."]}

Ramilo, David, Garros, Claire, Mathieu, Bruno, Benedet, Christophe, Allène, Xavier, Silva, Elisabete, Alexandre-Pires, Graça, Fonseca, Isabel Pereira Da, Carpenter, Simon, Rádrová, Jana, Delécolle, Jean-Claude (2014): David Ramilo, Claire Garros, Bruno Mathieu, Christophe Benedet, Xavier Allène, Elisabete Silva, Graça Alexandre-Pires, Isabel Pereira Da Fonseca. Zootaxa 3753 (3): 300-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3753.3.10

Culicoides griseidorsum Kieffer (Fig. 7) Culicoides griseidorsum Kieffer 1918: 46 Szadziewski 1984: 166 (female re-described and illustrated, neotype, = C. saevanicus sensu Kremer et al. 1973) Kremer et al. 1973: 61 (female wing illustrated, key) Mathieu et al. 2012 (included in key, female illustrated). Non type material examined. Slovakia, Bysta, 48 �� 31 ���N, 21 �� 33 ���E, 6.Jul. 2012 (1 male); Michalany, 48 �� 30 ���N, 21 �� 37 ���E, 25.May. 2011 (76 females), 17.Jun. 2012 (3 females, 1 male), 22.Jun. 2013 (1 female); Rozhanovce, 48 �� 45 ���N, 21 �� 21 ���E, 23.Jun. 2011 (1 female), 8.May. 2013 (2 females); Velaty, 48 �� 31 ���N, 21 �� 39 ���E, 5.Aug. 2012 (1 female, 1 male). France, Fleury d���Aude, 43 �� 14 ���N, 3 �� 11 ���E, 26.Jun. 2001 (2 females); St Laurent d���Aigouze, 43 �� 37 ���N, 4 �� 12 ���E, 15.May. 2001 (1 male, 1 female); Corsica, San Giuliano, 42 �� 17 ���N, 9 �� 32 ���E, 27.Apr. 2010 (1 female), 19.May. 2004 (1 female); Porto-Vecchio, 41 �� 35 ���N, 9 �� 15 ���E, 20.Jun. 2002 (10 females), 11.May. 2004 (3 females), 3.Jun. 2005 (3 females); Figari, 41 �� 30 ���N, 9 ��05���E, 26.May. 2009 (3 males, 2 females), 20.Aug. 2002 (3 females). Diagnosis. Female: The only species of Culicoides with the following combination of characters: wing with about apical 1 / 3 of second radial cell included in a pale spot; SCo distribution 1���12, irregular sensory pit on the third palpal segment. Male: the only species of Culicoides with the following combination of characters: wing with about apical 1 / 3 of second radial cell included in a pale spot; ninth sternite with spiculate membrane and SCo distribution 1���12. Distribution. United Kingdom, France (including Corsica), Italia, Spain, Poland and Slovakia., Published as part of Sarva��ov��, Adela, Ko��i��ov��, Alica, Hal��n, Milo��, Del��colle, Jean-Claude & Mathieu, Bruno, 2014, Morphological and molecular analysis of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Slovakia with five new records, pp. 541-560 in Zootaxa 3872 (5) on pages 547-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/229981, {"references":["Kieffer, J. J. (1918) Chironomides d'Afrique et d'Asie conserves au Museum National Hongrois de Budapest [in French]. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 16, 31 - 136.","Szadziewski, R. (1984) Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) from Algeria. VI. Culicoides Latr. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 54, 163 - 182.","Kremer, M., Callot, J. & Hommel, M. (1973) Cles des especes de Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) du groupe odibilis sensu lato [in French]. Bulletin Entomologique de Pologne, 43, 61 - 90.","Mathieu, B., Cetre-Sossah, C., Garros, C., Chavernac, D., Balenghien, T., Carpenter, S., Setier-Rio, M. L., Vignes-Lebbe, R., Ung, V., Candolfi, E. & Delecolle, J. C. (2012) Development and validation of IIKC: an interactive identification e tool for Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) females from the Western Palaearctic region. Parasites & Vectors, 5, 137. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1756 - 3305 - 5 - 137"]}

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