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11. List of Contributors

Author

Abizaid, Alfonso, primary, Alsiö, Johan, additional, Andersen, Ross, additional, Anisman, Hymie, additional, Arora, Narendra K., additional, Augustin, Livia S.A., additional, Bakovic, Marica, additional, Bell, Ruth, additional, Beauchamp, Gary K., additional, Beauvais, Janet, additional, Bechara, Antoine, additional, Bernstein, William, additional, Bhattacharjee, Lalita, additional, Blundell, John, additional, Brand-Miller, Jennie, additional, Bryant, Eleanor, additional, Caballero, Benjamin, additional, Carman, Katherine G., additional, Carr, Kenneth D., additional, Chaput, Jean-Philippe, additional, Chen, Xiaoye, additional, Chiavaroli, Laura, additional, Colagiuri, Stephen, additional, Dagher, Alain, additional, Das, Manoja Kumar, additional, de Castro, John M., additional, Del Parigi, Angelo, additional, Deschambault, Branden R., additional, Dickinson, Scott, additional, Ditschun, Tanya L., additional, Drewnowski, Adam, additional, Dubé, Laurette, additional, Eichelsdoerfer, Petra, additional, El-Sohemy, Ahmed, additional, Eny, Karen M., additional, Essex, Brian G., additional, Evans, Gary W., additional, Finlayson, Graham, additional, Fishbach, Ayelet, additional, Fisher, Robert J., additional, Fresco, Louise, additional, Gorin, Amy A., additional, Halford, Jason, additional, Hammond, Ross A., additional, Hawkes, Corinna, additional, Herman, C. Peter, additional, Irvine, William B., additional, James, Philip, additional, Jenkins, David J.A., additional, Johnson, Philip J., additional, Jones, Peter J.H., additional, Josse, Andrea R., additional, Kahneman, Daniel, additional, Kendall, Cyril W.C., additional, Killgore, William D.S., additional, King, Neil, additional, Knäuper, Bärbel, additional, Kooreman, Peter, additional, Kumanyika, Shiriki, additional, Larson, Nicole, additional, Lawton, Clare, additional, Leahy, Kathleen E., additional, LeBel, Jordan, additional, Galès, Catherine Le, additional, Levine, Allen S., additional, Li, Shanling, additional, Logue, Alexandra. W., additional, MacKay, Dylan, additional, Marmot, Michael, additional, Mathers, John C., additional, Medina, John J., additional, Mennella, Julie A., additional, Mongeau, Lyne, additional, Monteiro, Carlos A., additional, Moore, Karl J., additional, Moore, Spencer, additional, Moskowitz, Howard R., additional, Mutch, David M., additional, Myrseth, Kristian Ove R., additional, Naslund, Erik, additional, Olszewski, Pawel K., additional, Panksepp, Jaak, additional, Patrick, Heather, additional, Pingali, Prabhu, additional, Pliner, Patricia P., additional, Polivy, Janet, additional, Reisner, Michele, additional, Renaud, Lise, additional, Richard, Denis, additional, Robinson, Thomas N., additional, Rolls, Barbara J., additional, Rolls, Edmund T., additional, Sabiston, Catherine, additional, Salvy, Sarah-Jeanne, additional, Saxena, Nishta, additional, Schamberg, Michelle A., additional, Schiöth, Helgi B., additional, Srinivasan, T.N., additional, Stich, Christine, additional, Story, Mary, additional, Tannenbaum, Beth M., additional, Thibault, Louise, additional, Timofeeva, Elena, additional, Tontisirin, Kraisid, additional, Tremblay, Angelo, additional, van Loon, Josh, additional, Webb, Patrick, additional, Wells, Nancy M., additional, Williams, Geoffrey C., additional, Wong, Julia M.W., additional, Xiao, Lin, additional, Yeomans, Martin R, additional, Zald, David H., additional, Zhang, Dan, additional, and Zhang, Wenqing, additional

Published
2010
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24. Sex differences in the human brain's response to hunger and satiation

Author

Del Parigi, Angelo, Chen, Kewei, Gautier, Jean-Francois, Salbe, Arline D, Pratley, Richard E, Ravussin, Eric, Reiman, Eric M, and Tataranni, P Antonio

Subjects
Hunger -- Physiological aspects, Appetite -- Physiological aspects, Food habits -- Analysis, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background: Sex differences in eating behavior are well documented, but it is not known whether these differences have neuroanatomical correlates. Recent neuroimaging studies have provided functional maps of the human cerebral areas activated in response to hunger and satiation. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether the brain's response to a meal is sex-specific. Design: Using positron emission tomography, we measured regional cerebral blood flow, a marker of neuronal activity, to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of hunger (36-h fast) and satiation (in response to a liquid meal) in 22 women and 22 men. Results: We observed extensive similarities, as well as some differences, between the sexes. In response to hunger, the men tended to have greater activation in the frontotemporal and paralimbic areas than did the women (P < 0.005). In response to satiation, the women tended to have greater activation in the occipital and parietal sensory association areas and in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex than did the men (P < 0.005); in contrast, the men tended to have greater activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex than did the women (P < 0.005). Conclusions: Despite extensive similarities in the brain responses to hunger and satiation between the men and women, our study showed sex-specific brain responses to a meal that indicate possible differences between men and women in the cognitive and emotional processing of hunger and satiation. This study provides a foundation for investigating the brain regions and cognitive processes that distinguish normal and abnormal eating behavior in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:1017-22. KEY WORDS Sex, hunger, satiation, eating behavior, positron emission tomography, human brain

Published
2002

26. A Partially-Randomised Phase 3 Trial of Pretomanid, Moxifloxacin and Pyrazinamide in Combination for the Treatment of Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Author

Tweed, Conor, primary, Wills, Genevieve H, additional, Crook, Angela M, additional, Amukoye, Evans, additional, Balanag, Vincent, additional, Ban, Andrea YL, additional, Bateson, Anna LC, additional, Betteridge, Matthew C, additional, Brumskine, William, additional, Caoili, Janice, additional, Chaisson, Richard E, additional, Cevik, Muge, additional, Conradie, Francesca, additional, Dawson, Rodney, additional, del Parigi, Angelo, additional, Diacon, Andreas, additional, Everitt, Daniel E, additional, Fabiane, Stella M, additional, Hunt, Robert, additional, Ahmad, Ismail, additional, Lalloo, Umesh, additional, Lombard, Leandra, additional, Louw, Cheryl, additional, Malahleha, Mookho, additional, McHugh, Timothy D, additional, Mendel, Carl M, additional, Mhimbira, Francis, additional, Moodliar, Ronellle N, additional, Nduba, Videlis, additional, Nunn, Andrew J, additional, Sabi, Issa, additional, Sebe, Modulakgotla A, additional, Selepe, Raesibe AP, additional, Staples, Suzanne, additional, Swindells, Susan, additional, van Niekerk, Christo H, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, Spigelman, Mel, additional, and Gillespie, Stephen H, additional

Published
2020
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36. Temporal Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment: The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Author

Panza, Francesco, primary, D'Introno, Alessia, additional, Colacicco, Anna M., additional, Capurso, Cristiano, additional, Del Parigi, Angelo, additional, Caselli, Richard J., additional, Frisardi, Vincenza, additional, Scapicchio, Pierluigi, additional, Chiloiro, Roberta, additional, Scafato, Emanuele, additional, Gandin, Claudia, additional, Vendemiale, Gianluigi, additional, Capurso, Antonio, additional, and Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, additional

Published
2009
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39. Depressive Symptoms, Vascular Risk Factors and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Author

Panza, Francesco, primary, D’Introno, Alessia, additional, Colacicco, Anna M., additional, Capurso, Cristiano, additional, Del Parigi, Angelo, additional, Caselli, Richard J., additional, Todarello, Orlando, additional, Pellicani, Vincenza, additional, Santamato, Andrea, additional, Scapicchio, Pierluigi, additional, Maggi, Stefania, additional, Scafato, Emanuele, additional, Gandin, Claudia, additional, Capurso, Antonio, additional, and Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, additional

Published
2008
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40. Incident Occurrence of Depressive Symptoms among Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment – The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Author

Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, primary, D’Introno, Alessia, additional, Colacicco, Anna M., additional, Capurso, Cristiano, additional, Del Parigi, Angelo, additional, Caselli, Richard J., additional, Scapicchio, Pier L., additional, Scafato, Emanuele, additional, Gandin, Claudia, additional, Capurso, Antonio, additional, and Panza, Francesco, additional

Published
2007
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43. Are We Addicted to Food?

Author

Del Parigi, Angelo, primary, Chen, Kewei, additional, Salbe, Arline D., additional, Reiman, Eric M., additional, and Tataranni, P. Antonio, additional

Published
2003
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44. Effect of Satiation on Brain Activity in Obese and Lean Women

Author

Gautier, Jean-François, primary, Del Parigi, Angelo, additional, Chen, Kewei, additional, Salbe, Arline D., additional, Bandy, Daniel, additional, Pratley, Richard E., additional, Ravussin, Eric, additional, Reiman, Eric M., additional, and Tataranni, Pietro Antonio, additional

Published
2001
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46. Decreased frequency of apolipoprotein E ε4 allele from Northern to Southern Europe in Alzheimer's disease patients and centenarians

Author

Panza, Francesco, primary, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, additional, Torres, Francesco, additional, Mastroianni, Franco, additional, Del Parigi, Angelo, additional, Colacicco, Anna Maria, additional, Basile, Anna Maria, additional, Capurso, Cristiano, additional, Noya, Riccardo, additional, and Capurso, Antonio, additional

Published
1999
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47. Macronutrients, aluminium from drinking water and foods, and other metals in cognitive decline and dementia.

Author

Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Colacicco, Anna Maria, D'Introno, Alessia, Capurso, Cristiano, Del Parigi, Angelo, Capurso, Sabrina A., Torres, Francesco, Capurso, Antonio, and Panza, Francesco

Subjects
CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, MOLECULES, TRYPTOPHAN, AMINO acids
Abstract

A possible role of the macronutrients and the basic elements of carbohydrates (glucose administration or depletion), proteins (amino acids such as tryptophan and tyrosine), and fat (unsaturated fatty acids) was recently proposed for age-related changes of cognitive function, and the cognitive decline of degenerative (AD) or vascular origin. The availability and utilization of glucose has been implicated in cognitive function not only as a result of nutritional and systemic metabolic conditions, but also, although speculatively, as a crucial phase of the mechanism of action of molecules used as cognitive-enhancers. Furthermore, many lines of evidence have focused on the importance of oxidative stress mechanisms and free radical damage in AD pathogenesis. In addition, epidemiological studies have recently reported an association between alcohol and the incidence of AD and predementia syndromes. Foods with large amounts of aluminium-containing additives or aluminium from drinking water may affect the risk of developing AD, aluminium more likely acting as a cofactor somewhere in the cascade of events leading to the demented brain. A role for other metals in dementia have been speculated, given the encouraging results reported from studies on peripheral zinc concentrations, zinc supplementation, serum copper, either bound with ceruloplasmin or not, and iron metabolism in AD. Nonetheless, more data are needed to support a possible role of these metals in dementing diseases. Healthy diets, antioxidant supplements, and the prevention of nutritional deficiencies or exposure to foods and water with high content of metals could be considered the first line of defence against the development and progression of cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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49. Inhaled Insulin Is Associated with Prolonged Enhancement of Glucose Disposal in Muscle and Liver in the Canine

Author

Edgerton, Dale S., Cherrington, Alan D., Neal, Doss W., Scott, Melanie, Lautz, Margaret, Brown, Nancy, Petro, Jeff, Hobbs, Charles H., Leach, Chet, Del Parigi, Angelo, and Strack, Thomas R.

Abstract

Diabetic patients treated with inhaled insulin exhibit reduced fasting plasma glucose levels. In dogs, insulin action in muscle is enhanced for as long as 3 h after insulin inhalation. This study was designed to determine whether this effect lasts for a prolonged duration such that it could explain the effect observed in diabetic patients. Human insulin was administered via inhalation (Exubera; n= 9) or infusion (Humulin R; n= 9) in dogs using an infusion algorithm that yielded matched plasma insulin kinetics between the two groups. Somatostatin was infused to prevent insulin secretion, and glucagon was infused to replace basal plasma levels of the hormone. Glucose was infused into the portal vein at 4 mg/kg/min and into a peripheral vein to maintain the arterial plasma glucose level at 160 mg/dl. Arterial and hepatic sinusoidal insulin and glucose levels were virtually identical in the two groups. Notwithstanding, glucose utilization was greater when insulin was administered by inhalation. At its peak, the peripheral glucose infusion rate was 4 mg/kg/min greater in the inhalation group, and a 50% difference between groups persisted over 8 h. Inhalation of insulin caused a greater increase in nonhepatic glucose uptake in the first 3 h after inhalation; thereafter, net hepatic glucose uptake was greater. Inhalation of insulin was associated with greater than expected (based on insulin levels) glucose disposal. This may explain the reduced fasting glucose concentrations observed in humans after administration of certain inhaled insulin formulations compared with subcutaneous insulin.

Published
2009
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50. Predementia and Dementia Syndromes: Possible Role of Lipoprotein Metabolism

Author

Panza, Francesco, Maria Colacicco, Anna, D'Introno, Alessia, Capurso, Cristiano, Del Parigi, Angelo, A. Capurso, Sabrina, Gagliardi, Gaetano, Pichichero, Gianfranco, Capurso, Antonio, and Solfrizzi, Vincenzo

Abstract

An exciting area of research focuses on the relationship between vascular factors and Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting vascular risk factors, including circulating factors such as serum/plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and serum apolipoprotein E (APOE) levels, as a key part of late-onset AD pathology. However, the link between the lipoprotein metabolism and dementia or predementia syndrome appears to be unclear and controversial. This review will focus on current knowledge on circulating serum and plasma risk factors for cognitive decline of degenerative (AD) or vascular origin (VaD) linked to TC homeostasis and lipoprotein disturbances, i.e. TC, 24S-hydroxy-cholesterol, Lp(a) or APOE. These measures linked to lipoprotein metabolism appear to be altered in AD, VaD, or predementia syndromes relative to controls, but with contrasting results. The prevailing view is that high TC is a risk factor for dementia. Nevertheless, the relationship between TC and dementia may vary considerably depending on when TC is measured over the life course or, alternatively, in relation to the underlying course of the disease. Moreover, studies assessing the role of statins, which are effective in lowering cholesterol, gave inconclusive results in reducing the risk of dementia. The evaluation of APOE serum levels and APOE genotype in AD patients suggested that serum APOE levels could not be a credible risk factor or a biochemical marker for AD. In fact, there is no consistent association of serum or plasma APOE protein levels with diagnosis when controlled for APOE genotype. In addition, there is evidence that higher Lp(a) levels could be linked with AD, although there are studies suggesting an increased presence of low molecular weight apo(a) isoforms in AD, VaD, and frontotemporal dementia, that genetically determined elevated Lp(a) levels. Furthermore, although serum/plasma levels of TC and 24S-hydroxycholesterol are not credible diagnostic markers for AD and cognitive decline, current evidence suggests they may be modifiable risk/protective factors. Thus, more studies with long-term follow-up and serial assessments of TC are needed to further clarify the causal relationship between cholesterol and dementia.

Published
2006

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