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12. Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Characteristics, causes, predictability, and prospects.

Author

Power, S, Lengaigne, M, Capotondi, A, Khodri, M, Vialard, J, Jebri, B, Guilyardi, E, McGregor, S, Kug, J-S, Newman, M, McPhaden, MJ, Meehl, G, Smith, D, Cole, J, Emile-Geay, J, Vimont, D, Wittenberg, AT, Collins, M, Kim, G-I, Cai, W, Okumura, Y, Chung, C, Cobb, KM, Delage, F, Planton, YY, Levine, A, Zhu, F, Sprintall, J, Di Lorenzo, E, Zhang, X, Luo, J-J, Lin, X, Balmaseda, M, Wang, G, Henley, BJ, Power, S, Lengaigne, M, Capotondi, A, Khodri, M, Vialard, J, Jebri, B, Guilyardi, E, McGregor, S, Kug, J-S, Newman, M, McPhaden, MJ, Meehl, G, Smith, D, Cole, J, Emile-Geay, J, Vimont, D, Wittenberg, AT, Collins, M, Kim, G-I, Cai, W, Okumura, Y, Chung, C, Cobb, KM, Delage, F, Planton, YY, Levine, A, Zhu, F, Sprintall, J, Di Lorenzo, E, Zhang, X, Luo, J-J, Lin, X, Balmaseda, M, Wang, G, and Henley, BJ

Abstract

Climate variability in the tropical Pacific affects global climate on a wide range of time scales. On interannual time scales, the tropical Pacific is home to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Decadal variations and changes in the tropical Pacific, referred to here collectively as tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV), also profoundly affect the climate system. Here, we use TPDV to refer to any form of decadal climate variability or change that occurs in the atmosphere, the ocean, and over land within the tropical Pacific. “Decadal,” which we use in a broad sense to encompass multiyear through multidecadal time scales, includes variability about the mean state on decadal time scales, externally forced mean-state changes that unfold on decadal time scales, and decadal variations in the behavior of higher-frequency modes like ENSO.

Published
2021

17. Insights From CMIP6 for Australia's Future Climate

Author

Grose, M. R., primary, Narsey, S., additional, Delage, F. P., additional, Dowdy, A. J., additional, Bador, M., additional, Boschat, G., additional, Chung, C., additional, Kajtar, J. B., additional, Rauniyar, S., additional, Freund, M. B., additional, Lyu, K., additional, Rashid, H., additional, Zhang, X., additional, Wales, S., additional, Trenham, C., additional, Holbrook, N. J., additional, Cowan, T., additional, Alexander, L., additional, Arblaster, J. M., additional, and Power, S., additional

Published
2020
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18. Dynamics and predictability of El Niño-Southern oscillation: An Australian perspective on progress and challenges

Author

Santoso, A, Hendon, H, Watkins, A, Power, S, Dommenget, D, England, MH, Frankcombe, L, Holbrook, NJ, Holmes, R, Hope, P, Lim, EP, Luo, JJ, McGregor, S, Neske, S, Nguyen, H, Pepler, A, Rashid, H, Gupta, AS, Taschetto, AS, Wang, G, Abellán, E, Sullivan, A, Huguenin, MF, Gamble, F, Delage, F, Santoso, A, Hendon, H, Watkins, A, Power, S, Dommenget, D, England, MH, Frankcombe, L, Holbrook, NJ, Holmes, R, Hope, P, Lim, EP, Luo, JJ, McGregor, S, Neske, S, Nguyen, H, Pepler, A, Rashid, H, Gupta, AS, Taschetto, AS, Wang, G, Abellán, E, Sullivan, A, Huguenin, MF, Gamble, F, and Delage, F

Published
2019

19. Outcomes of the PELGRIMM project progress in the development of Am-bearing fuel under pelletized and spherepac forms

Author

Gallais-During, A., Delage, F., Béjaoui, S., Lemehov, S., Somers, J., Freis, D., Maschekd, W., Til, S. Van, d'Agata, E., Sabathier, C., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), JRC Institute for Transuranium Elements [Karlsruhe] (ITU ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Karlsruhe] (JRC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), NRG Netherland, and European Project: 295664,EC:FP7:Fission,FP7-Fission-2011,PELGRIMM(2012)

Subjects
fuel behaviour under irradiation, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], homogeneous recycling, fabrication, experiments, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], PELGRIMM, simulation, transmutation, MARIOS, americium, spherepac, SPHERE, core design, safety coefficients, accidental situation, heterogeneous recycling, MARINE
Abstract

International audience; The PELGRIMM project was a FP7-European project (funded by the European Commission, Grant Agreement No. 295664), carried out from 2012 to 2017. It was devoted to the investigation of spherepacked and pelletized fuel forms for Minor Actinide transmutation in homogeneous and heterogeneous recycling modes. PELGRIMM aimed at constituting a new step in the long term process in the assessment of Minor Actinide-bearing fuel, initiated within the European projects ACSEPT, F-BRIDGE, CP-ESFR and FAIRFUELS. The present paper provides an overview of the main technical outcomes gained within PELGRIMM. The developments of alternative processes in order to simplify synthesis routes and to limit secondary waste streams for Minor Actinide-bearing fuel preparation are detailed. The first results of behaviour under irradiation of spherepacked and pelletized fuel forms are provided from Post-Irradiation Examinations on (U,Pu,Am)O$_2$ and (U,Am)O$_2$ fuels respectively irradiated during SPHERE and MARIOS experiments, along with the description of the latest irradiation experiment, MARINE. In parallel, the capabilities of existing models and calculation codes have been improved to describe Minor Actinide-bearing fuel behaviour under irradiation in a more reliable way, and their predictive results have been compared to available Post-Irradiation Examinations. Finally, to start linking fuel behaviour with core neutronic problematics, a preliminary design of a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor core loaded with spherepacked (U,Pu,Am)O$_2$ fuels was built and correlated preliminary safety assessments have been performed.

Published
2018

21. Spatial and temporal agreement in climate model simulations of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

Author

Henley, BJ, Meehl, G, Power, SB, Folland, CK, King, AD, Brown, JN, Karoly, DJ, Delage, F, Gallant, AJE, Freund, M, Neukom, R, Henley, BJ, Meehl, G, Power, SB, Folland, CK, King, AD, Brown, JN, Karoly, DJ, Delage, F, Gallant, AJE, Freund, M, and Neukom, R

Abstract

Accelerated warming and hiatus periods in the long-term rise of Global Mean Surface Temperature (GMST) have, in recent decades, been associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Critically, decadal climate prediction relies on the skill of state-of-the-art climate models to reliably represent these low-frequency climate variations. We undertake a systematic evaluation of the simulation of the IPO in the suite of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models. We track the IPO in pre-industrial (control) and all-forcings (historical) experiments using the IPO tripole index (TPI). The TPI is explicitly aligned with the observed spatial pattern of the IPO, and circumvents assumptions about the nature of global warming. We find that many models underestimate the ratio of decadal-to-total variance in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). However, the basin-wide spatial pattern of positive and negative phases of the IPO are simulated reasonably well, with spatial pattern correlation coefficients between observations and models spanning the range 0.4–0.8. Deficiencies are mainly in the extratropical Pacific. Models that better capture the spatial pattern of the IPO also tend to more realistically simulate the ratio of decadal to total variance. Of the 13% of model centuries that have a fractional bias in the decadal-to-total TPI variance of 0.2 or less, 84% also have a spatial pattern correlation coefficient with the observed pattern exceeding 0.5. This result is highly consistent across both IPO positive and negative phases. This is evidence that the IPO is related to one or more inherent dynamical mechanisms of the climate system.

Published
2017

22. Pre-design of a target assembly for minor actinides transmutation

Author

Kooyman, T., Buiron, L., Valentin, B., Rimpault, G., Delage, F., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and amplexor, amplexor

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], minor actinides, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Transmutation, radial blankets
Abstract

International audience; Minor actinides (MA) transmutation options for critical fast reactors are divided in two different approaches, the homogeneous one in which MA are diluted in the driver fuel and the heterogeneous one in which Ma are concentrated in UO$_2$ based fuel in sub-assemblies located at the periphery of the core. This latter option, named minor actinides bearing blankets has a small impact on core behavior, at the expense of lower transmutation performances due to the lower flux level experienced by the targets. As such, there is an incentive to maximize the volume fraction of minor actinides loaded in the target assemblies in order to achieve optimal transmutation performances. However, a high MA fraction lead to an increase in gas especially Helium production and negatively impacts fuel swelling and pressurization of the fuel pin along with its thermo-mechanical behavior. Consequently, an iterative optimization process must be carried out during the pre-design step of such an assembly to optimize both the neutronic and mechanical performances. Using a conservative approach, we assumed that all produced gases were released in the pin free space. This production was evaluated using depletion calculations and the corresponding pin internal pressure and resistance criterion were computed. Centerline temperature of the hottest pin was also evaluated. Sensitivities to technological constraints considered into the model were also computed.Several options were evaluated to develop a suitable assembly smear density decrease, plenum size increase, cladding thickness increase and modification of the minor actinides volume fraction. We found that an optimum existed at 47 % of fuel volume fraction, corresponding to a situation with wider pins, thicker cladding and increased gas expansion plenum height compared to standard fuel assemblies. The associated transmutation performances were in the range of -8.2 kg/TWhe, or a 33 % increase in the minor actinides consumption compared to standard fuel assembly design. A pressure drop model was also implemented and it was verified that the pressure drop remained below the one of a standard fuel assembly. The new assembly design impacts on decay heat and neutron source were also assessed and it was shown that a design margin existed for optimization with regards to these impacts.

Published
2016

23. Overview of Post-Irradiation Examination results on Minor Actinide bearing fuels within the FUTURIX-FTA international collaboration

Author

Freis, D., Delage, F., Cecilia, G., Lamontagne, J., laurent LOUBET, Sabathier, C., Nasyrow, R., Papaioannou, D., Paperini, G., Weerd, W., Somers, J., Konings, R., European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Geel] (JRC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département d'Etudes des Combustibles (DEC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), amplexor, amplexor, and CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN)

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], ADS, irradiation, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Non Destructive Examinations, [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], FUTURIX-FTA, CERCER, Destructive examinations, CERMET, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], fuel
Abstract

International audience; Overview of Post-Irradiation Examination results on Minor Actinide bearing fuels within the FUTURIX-FTA international collaboration

Published
2016

29. Outcomes of the FP-7 project PELGRIMM investigating pelletized and sphere-packed oxide fuels for Minor-Actinides transmutation in a Sodium Fast Reactor

Author

Delage, F., Beajoui, S., Lemehov, S., Somers, J., Maschek, W., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), JRC Institute for Transuranium Elements [Karlsruhe] (ITU ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Karlsruhe] (JRC), Institute for Anthropomatics (KIT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), the PELGRIMM consortium, amplexor, amplexor, and CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN)

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], irradiation, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], fabrication, Fuels, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], simulation, Transmutation, MARIOS, SPHERE, core physics, oxide, MARINE, Minor Actinides
Abstract

International audience; PELGRIMM that stands for PELlets versus GRanulates Irradiation, Manufacturing, Modelling, is a 4 years European project started in 2012, that investigates Minor Actinides - bearing fuels, shaped as pellets and beads, for Sodium Fact Reactors. Both Minor-Actinide transmutation options the MA homogeneous recycle in driver fuels and the MA heterogeneous recycle on UO$_2$ fuels located in radial core blankets, are under consideration. The objectives of the project are to capitalize on efforts made within the previous European projects ACSEPT, FAIRFUELS, F-BRIDGE as well as CP-ESFR, and to take a new step in the long range qualification approach regarding fabrication process, irradiation behaviour, performance and safety, for pelletized and sphere-packed shaped Am-bearing fuels. The paper gives an overview of the PELGRIMM outcomes related to first results on helium and fission gas behaviour in (Am,U)O$_2$-x fuels irradiated in the separated effect test MARIOS; progress status of the semi-prototypic irradiation MARINE under preparation, that will provide a comparison between sphere-packed and pelletized (U,Am)O$_2$-x fuel performances; investigations performed to extend Minor Actinide bearing fuel fabrication processes to alternative routes, that are the Weak Acid Resins and micro-wave technologies, in order to limit secondary waste streams; upgrades in calculation codes used to describe conventional fuels behaviour under irradiation, taking into account the specific issues related to MA-bearing fuels and sphere-packed fuels; and finally, progress related to the key issues of core physics, design and safety performance for sphere-packed MA-bearing driver fuels.

Published
2015

30. An innovative methodology for evaluating core thermal expansion feedbacks in transient analyses

Author

Andriolo, L., Rineiski, A., Vezzoni, B., Chen, Xue-Nong, Maschek, W., Gabrielli, F., Delage, F., Merle-Lucotte, E., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Vernay, Emmanuelle

Subjects
[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

31. Post-Irradiation Examination results for MgO-CERCER Am-bearing fuels irradiated in PHENIX within the frame of the FUTURIX-FTA experiment

Author

Cecilia, G., Delage, F., Lamontagne, J., laurent LOUBET, amplexor, amplexor, FAbrication, Irradiation and Reprocessing of FUELS and targets for transmutation - FAIRFUELS - - EC:FP7:Fission2009-02-01 - 2015-07-31 - 232624 - VALID, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), The authors appreciate the financial support of the European Commission through the grant agreements516520 (FP6-EUROTRANS), and European Project: 232624,EC:FP7:Fission,FP7-Fission-2008,FAIRFUELS(2009)

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], FUTURIX, EPI, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], MGO, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], FUEL, transmutation
Abstract

International audience; The FUTURIX/FTA experiment has been an international program partly implemented within the frame of the FP-6 EUROTRANS and FP-7 FAIRFUELS projects, to demonstrate the technical feasibility, with regard to fuel behaviour of transmuting minor actinides in Accelerator Driven Systems and Fast neutron Reactors dedicated to Minor Actinides burning. 8 Am-bearing fuel compositions 2 metallic, 2 nitride, 2 Mo-CERMET and 2 MgO-CERCER fuel types with Am contents ranging from 0.2 to 1.9 g.cm$^{-3}$ have been investigated. The MgO-CERCER fuels made of (Pu,Am)O$_{2-x}$ particles dispersed in a magnesia matrix were irradiated in the PHENIX sodium cooled fast reactor up to 6 and 9 at%, at maximum Linear Heat Rates of 80-100W.cm${-1}$. After a recap of the MgO-CERCER fuel pins features as well as the irradiation conditions, the paper gives an overview of the Post Irradiation Examination results gained within the FAIRFUELS European project, on these 2 ADS type fuels. The Post Irradiation Examinations have been performed at the LECA-STAR facility (CEA Cadarache site). Non Destructive Examinations consisted of visual inspections, metrology and gamma spectrometry of pins. Destructive examinations included pin puncturing and released gas analysis, measurements of geometrical and hydrostatic densities of pellets.

Published
2015

32. Progress status on pelletized and sphere-packed Am-bearing oxide fuels developments

Author

Delage, F., Bejaoui, S., Lemehov, S., Maschek, W., Somers, J., CADARACHE, Bibliothèque, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), JRC Institute for Transuranium Elements [Karlsruhe] (ITU ), and European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Karlsruhe] (JRC)

Subjects
UAmO2, [PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Americium, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], irradiation, [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], homogeneous recycling, fuel behaviour, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], transmutation, MARIOS, modelling, SFR, SPHERE, core design, UPuAmO2, oxide, heterogeneous recycling, fuel, MARINE
Abstract

International audience; PELGRIMM that stands for PELlets versus GRanulates: Irradiation, Manufacturing, Modelling, is a 4 years European project started in 2012, that investigates Minor Actinides - bearing fuels, shaped as pellets and beads, for Sodium Fact Reactors. Both Minor-Actinide transmutation options: the MA homogeneous recycle in driver fuels and the MA heterogeneous recycle on UO2 fuels located in the radial core blankets, are under consideration. The objectives of the project are to capitalize on efforts made within the previous European projects: ACSEPT (2008-2012), FAIRFUELS (2009-2014), F-BRIDGE (2008-2012) as well as CP-ESFR (2008-2013), and to take a new step in the long range qualification approach regarding fabrication process, irradiation behaviour, performance and safety, for pelletized and sphere-packed shaped Am-bearing fuels. The paper gives an overview of the PELGRIMM outcomes at mid-term, such as:- first results on helium behaviour in (Am,U)O2-x fuels irradiated in the separated effect test MARIOS- the progress status in the preparation of the semi-prototypic irradiation MARINE, to be performed in HFR, that will provide a comparison between sphere-packed and pelletized (U,Am)O2 fuel performances- investigations to extend Minor Actinide bearing fuel fabrication processes to alternative routes: Weak Acid Resins and micro-wave technologies, in order to limit secondary waste streams- upgrades in calculation codes used to describe conventional fuels behaviour under irradiation, taking into account the specific issues related to MA-bearing fuels and sphere-packed fuels-advances related to the problematic of core physics, design and safety performance for sphere-packed MA-bearing driver fuels.The paper finally gives an outlook on the next steps and milestones to be achieved.

Published
2014

33. 618 Impact of targeted prostate biopsy using magnetic resonance imaging – ultrasound elastic fusion in men with suspicion of prostate cancer

Author

Fourcade, A., primary, Perrouin-Verbe, M-A., additional, Tissot, V., additional, Serey-Effeil, S., additional, Callerot, P., additional, Cuvelier, G., additional, Coquet, J-B., additional, Doucet, L., additional, Delage, F., additional, Deruelle, C., additional, Joulin, V., additional, Fournier, G., additional, and Valéri, A., additional

Published
2016
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35. Rôle des biopsies ciblées utilisant un système d’enregistrement 3D avec fusion élastique écho/IRM chez les hommes ayant une suspicion de cancer prostatique

Author

Fourcade, A., primary, Perrouin-Verbe, M., additional, Tissot, V., additional, Callerot, P., additional, Serey-Eiffel, S., additional, Cuvelier, G., additional, Coquet, J., additional, Doucet, L., additional, Delage, F., additional, Thoulouzan, M., additional, Fournier, G., additional, and Valéri, A., additional

Published
2015
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38. Rationale, design, implementation, and baseline characteristics of patients in the dig trial: A large, simple, long-term trial to evaluate the effect of digitalis on mortality in heart failure

Author

Abernathy, GT, Abrams, J, Akhtar, S, Albitar, I, Amidi, M, Anand, IS, Arnold, JMO, Ashton, T, Aubrey, B, Auger, P, Babb, J, Baigrie, R, Baird, MG, Baitz, T, Barber, NC, Barbour, DJ, Barr, DM, Basu, AK, Baughman, KL, Beckham, V, BekheitSaad, S, Berkson, DM, Bertoglio, M, Bessoudo, R, Beaudoin, J, Bhaskar, G, Binder, A, Bloomfield, D, Bodine, K, Boehmer, JP, Borgersen, K, Borts, D, Bouchard, G, Bourassa, MG, Boutros, G, Bozek, B, Brisbin, D, Brophy, J, Brossoit, R, Brown, E, Brown, J, Bruinsma, N, Burton, G, Cameron, A, Campbell, R, Campeau, J, Campos, EE, Cardello, FP, Carter, RP, Chan, YK, Charles, FR, Chaudhry, MA, Chiaramida, A, Chiaramida, S, Chohan, A, Christie, LG, Clemson, BS, Collin, R, Cook, TH, Copen, DL, Cossett, J, Costantino, T, Crawford, MH, Croke, RP, Crowell, R, DAmours, G, Dagenais, GR, Danisa, K, Davidson, S, Davies, ML, Davies, R, Davies, RA, DeLarochelliere, R, DeLeon, AC, Delage, F, Denes, P, Dennish, GW, Denny, DM, DeVilla, MA, DeYoung, JP, Dhurandhar, RW, DibnerDunlap, M, Dodek, A, Doherty, JE, Dominguez, J, Dubbin, J, Dufton, J, Effron, MB, ElSherif, N, Eladasari, B, Fly, D, Ericson, K, Fahrenholtz, D, Fast, A, Fell, DA, Fishman, S, Fitchett, D, Fleg, JL, Flint, E, Folger, JS, Folkins, D, Forker, AD, Fowles, RE, Fraker, TD, Francis, G, Frerking, TR, Friesinger, GC, Fulop, JC, Gagnon, J, Gamble, L, Ganjavi, F, Garrou, BW, Gervais, PB, Gheorghiade, M, Gilbert, L, Gillie, E, Glatter, TR, Godley, ML, Goeres, M, Goldberger, MH, Gollapudi, A, Goode, JE, Goodman, LS, Gordon, R, Gossard, D, Gosselin, G, Goulet, C, Grant, C, Graettinger, WF, Greene, JG, Greenwood, PV, Gregoratos, G, Gregory, JJ, Groden, DL, Grover, J, Gudapati, R, Guess, MA, Gupta, SC, Habib, N, Hack, I, Hamilton, WP, Hankey, TL, Hanna, M, Harper, D, Harris, DE, Hassapoyannes, CA, Hatheway, RJ, Heinsimer, J, Pequignot, MH, Heiselman, DE, Hess, AR, Hickner, J, Hickey, JE, Higgins, T, Higginson, L, Hill, L, Hobbs, RE, Honos, G, Horner, BA, Horwitz, L, Hsieh, A, Hsueh, JT, Hubbard, J, Hughes, DF, Hui, W, Imrie, JR, Jacobs, MH, Jarmukli, N, Johnson, TH, Johnstone, D, Jutila, CK, Kadri, N, Kahl, FR, Kaimal, PK, Karnegis, J, Kay, R, Kelly, KJ, Kenefick, G, Kennelly, BM, Kent, E, Khan, AH, Khanijo, V, Khouri, M, Kinloch, D, Kirlin, PC, Kiwan, GS, Kline, MD, Kohn, RM, Koilpillai, C, Kornder, JM, Kouz, S, Kumar, VA, Kumar, U, Kuntz, A, Kuritzky, RA, Kuruvilla, G, Kwok, KK, Lader, E, Laforest, M, LaForge, D, Lalonde, G, Lalonde, L, Lang, RM, Latour, Y, Lawal, O, LeBlanc, MH, Lee, AB, Lee, RW, Legault, C, Lemay, M, Lenis, JHF, Lepage, S, Letarte, P, Levesque, C, LevinoffRoth, SN, Lewis, BK, Lipshutz, H, Loungani, RR, Lowery, ML, Lubell, DL, Lucariello, R, LugoRodriguez, JE, Lui, C, Lutterodt, AT, Lutz, L, Machel, T, Macina, G, MacLellan, K, Magnan, O, Mansuri, M, Manyari, DE, Mallis, GI, Marr, D, Mast, DJ, Mathew, J, McBarron, FD, McIntyre, KM, McLean, RW, McMahon, DP, Mercier, M, Methe, M, Miller, AB, Minkowitz, J, Milton, JR, Mizgala, HF, Mohanty, PK, Mohiuddin, S, Montero, A, Mookherjee, S, Morris, A, Morris, L, Morrison, J, Moten, M, Nafziger, A, Nair, PH, Nawaz, S, Neiman, JC, Nutting, P, NguyenPho, HT, OBrien, TK, OKelly, RL, OReilly, MV, Okerson, D, Patel, G, Pande, PN, Papa, LA, Patrick, L, Payne, RM, Perry, G, Philbin, EF, Pierpont, G, Pitt, WA, Poirier, C, Pollak, EM, Popio, K, Poulin, JF, Probst, PA, Pruneau, G, Pu, C, Puram, BS, Putatunda, B, Quinn, B, Rabkin, SW, Racine, N, Raco, DL, Radant, L, Radford, MJ, Radwany, S, Rajachar, M, Ramanathan, KB, Rashkow, A, Rausch, DC, Read, L, Reddy, KR, Reid, R, Rich, MW, Ricci, AJ, Richman, HG, Riley, A, Rim, DA, Rinne, C, Roberge, G, Roberts, DK, Robinson, V, Rodeheffer, RT, Rosenstein, R, Roth, DL, Rothbart, R, Rouleau, JL, Ruble, P, Sacco, J, Safford, RE, Salmon, D, Sahay, BM, Sarma, RJ, Sayeed, MAR, Schick, EC, Schroeder, GS, Seifert, M, Senaratne, MPJ, Sestier, F, Shah, A, Shanes, JG, Sheesley, K, Silverman, A, Shiva, T, Shrestha, DD, Silver, MA, Silverberg, L, Simard, L, Singh, BN, Small, RS, Smith, MR, Smith, S, Sochowski, RA, Southern, RF, Sridharan, MR, StHilaire, R, Stein, M, Stewart, JW, Stillabower, ME, Sullivan, BHM, Sturrock, WA, Sussex, BA, Swan, J, Swenson, L, Talbot, P, Talibi, T, Tamilia, M, Tan, A, Tanser, PH, Tarry, L, Teo, KK, Thadani, U, Thagirisa, S, Thompson, B, Thornton, R, Timmis, GC, Tobin, M, Tommaso, C, Toren, M, Tsuyuki, R, Turek, M, Utley, K, Vanderbush, EJ, VanVoorhees, L, Ventura, H, Vertes, G, Vizel, S, Wagner, KR, Wagner, S, Weeks, A, Weingert, ME, Weinstein, C, Weiss, MM, Weiss, R, Wickemeyer, W, Wielgoz, A, Willens, HJ, Williams, WL, Wong, D, Yarows, SA, Yao, L, Shalev, Y, Young, JB, Yousefian, M, Zajac, EJ, Zatuchni, J, Ziperman, DB, Zoble, RG, Zoneraich, S, Gorlin, R, Sleight, P, Cohn, JN, Collins, R, Deykin, D, Hennekens, C, Kjekshus, J, Smith, TW, Tognoni, G, Collins, JF, Williford, WO, Fye, C, Sather, R, Jolly, MK, Held, CP, Verter, J, Yusuf, S, Egan, D, Garg, R, Johnstone, DE, Montague, T, Bristow, D, Engelhardt, HT, Gent, M, Hood, WB, Jones, S, Meier, P, Pitt, B, Waters, D, Baker, A, Barnhill, S, Carew, B, Hagar, S, Liuni, C, Martin, S, Miles, R, Arthur, MM, Feldbush, MW, Highfield, DA, Hobbins, TE, Kurz, R, Leviton, SP, Libonati, JP, Moore, M, Perez, E, Mills, P, Geller, N, Hunsberger, S, Gold, J, Huang, PC, Burns, A, Caleb, H, Cline, DR, Harris, S, Hockenbrock, R, Horney, RA, Jadwin, LM, King, J, Sexton, P, Spence, ME, Chacon, F, Gagne, W, Maple, S, and Martinez, G

Subjects
Heart Failure, Male, Pharmacology, Digoxin, Treatment Outcome, Patient Selection, Digitalis Glycosides, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract

This article provides a detailed overview of the rationale for key aspects of the protocol of the Digitalis Investigation Group (DIG) trial. It also highlights unusual aspects of the study implementation and the baseline characteristics. The DIG trial is a large, simple, international placebo-controlled trial whose primary objective is to determine the effect of digoxin on all cause mortality in patients with clinical heart failure who are in sinus rhythm and whose ejection fraction isor = 0.45. An ancillary study examines the effect in those with an ejection fraction0.45. Key aspects of the trial include the simplicity of the design, broad eligibility criteria, essential data collection, and inclusion of various types of centers. A total of 302 centers in the United States and Canada enrolled 7788 patients between February 1991 and September 1993. Follow-up continued until December 1995 with the results available in Spring 1996.

Published
1996

39. Importance of fossil fuel emission uncertainties over Euroope for CO2 modeling: Model intercomparison

Author

Peylin, P., Houweling, S., Krol, M. C., Karstens, U., Rödenbeck, C., Camilla Geels, Vermeulen, A., Badawy, B., Aulagnier, C., Pregger, T., Delage, F., Pieterse, G., Ciais, P., Heimann, M., Earth and Climate, Team Higher Education, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nat Inst Space Res, Partenaires INRAE, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Natl Environm Inst, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Inst Energy Econ & Rat Use Energy IER, ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), CE-IP, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
LAND, FLUXES, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:QC1-999, carbon flux, Europe, lcsh:Chemistry, ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT MODELS, PART 1, INVERSIONS, (CO2)-C-14, SINKS, lcsh:QD1-999, CO2 emission, atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, SDG 13 - Climate Action, atmospheric modelling, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Inverse modeling techniques used to quantify surface carbon fluxes commonly assume that the uncertainty of fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions is negligible and that intra-annual variations can be neglected. To investigate these assumptions, we analyzed the differences between four fossil fuel emission inventories with spatial and temporal differences over Europe and their impact on the model simulated CO2 concentration. Large temporal flux variations characterize the hourly fields (~40 % and ~80 % for the seasonal and diurnal cycles, peak-to-peak) and annual country totals differ by 10 % on average and up to 40 % for some countries (i.e., the Netherlands). These emissions have been prescribed to seven different transport models, resulting in 28 different FFCO2 concentrations fields. The modeled FFCO2 concentration time series at surface sites using time-varying emissions show larger seasonal cycles (+2 ppm at the Hungarian tall tower (HUN)) and smaller diurnal cycles in summer (−1 ppm at HUN) than when using constant emissions. The concentration range spanned by all simulations varies between stations, and is generally larger in winter (up to ~10 ppm peak-to-peak at HUN) than in summer (~5 ppm). The contribution of transport model differences to the simulated concentration std-dev is 2–3 times larger than the contribution of emission differences only, at typical European sites used in global inversions. These contributions to the hourly (monthly) std-dev's amount to ~1.2 (0.8) ppm and ~0.4 (0.3) ppm for transport and emissions, respectively. First comparisons of the modeled concentrations with 14C-based fossil fuel CO2 observations show that the large transport differences still hamper a quantitative evaluation/validation of the emission inventories. Changes in the estimated monthly biosphere flux (Fbio) over Europe, using two inverse modeling approaches, are relatively small (less that 5 %) while changes in annual Fbio (up to ~0.15 % GtC yr−1) are only slightly smaller than the differences in annual emission totals and around 30 % of the mean European ecosystem carbon sink. These results point to an urgent need to improve not only the transport models but also the assumed spatial and temporal distribution of fossil fuel emission inventories.

Published
2011

41. Minor actinide transmutation in an accelerator-driven system prototype: Results from fuel developments within the European programme EUROTRANS

Author

DELAGE F., BELIN R., CHEN X-N., D'AGATA Elio, KLAASSEN F., KNOL S., MASCHEK W., OTTAVIANI J-P., RINEISKI A., SOBOLEV V., SOMERS Joseph, STAICU Dragos, THETFORD R., WALLENIUS J., and WERNLI B.

Abstract

Studies on fuel development within the EUROTRANS project, motivated by assessing industrial practicability for actinide transmutation, have provided a wide range of results. Several cores loaded with primary TRU fuel candidates: MgO-cercer and enrMo-cermet, have been designed and optima meeting the specifications have been found. Preliminary thermo-mechanical calculations of the hottest fuel pins have provided evidence of good performances. Based on current analyses and knowledge, these fuels do not pose safety limits. Nevertheless, safety margins for enrMo-cermet fuel are considerably higher than those for MgO-cercer. Irradiation tests: FUTURIX-FTA and HELIOS, on Mo-cermet and MgO-cercer fuels have been completed. Helium behaviour in inert matrices during irradiation was investigated within the BODEX irradiation test. Thermal properties of a large range of fuels have been assessed. Compatibility tests were performed between: actinide phases, inert matrix candidates, T91 cladding and Pb coolant. Finally, great progress has been made in Pu-Am-O phase diagram investigation. These results reinforce the interest of both MgO-cercer and enrMo-cermet for the 400 MWth EFIT machine with higher safety margins for the cermet fuel., JRC.F.4-Nuclear Reactor Integrity Assessment and Knowledge Management

Published
2010

42. Joint assimilation of eddy covariance flux measurements and FAPAR products over temperate forests within a process‐oriented biosphere model

Author

Bacour, C., primary, Peylin, P., additional, MacBean, N., additional, Rayner, P. J., additional, Delage, F., additional, Chevallier, F., additional, Weiss, M., additional, Demarty, J., additional, Santaren, D., additional, Baret, F., additional, Berveiller, D., additional, Dufrêne, E., additional, and Prunet, P., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
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43. 215 The role of targeted prostate biopsy using magnetic resonance – ultrasound fusion in men with suspicion of prostate cancer

Author

Fourcade, A., primary, Perrouin-Verbe, M-A., additional, Tissot, V., additional, Huwart, A., additional, Callerot, P., additional, Cuvelier, G., additional, Coquet, J-B., additional, Doucet, L., additional, Delage, F., additional, Thoulouzan, M., additional, Deruelle, C., additional, Joulin, V., additional, Fournier, G., additional, and Valéri, A., additional

Published
2015
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48. TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO 2 : Analysis of synoptic-scale variations for the period 2002-2003

Author

Patra, P., Law, R., Peters, W., Rödenbeck, C., Takigawa, M., Aulagnier, C., Baker, I., Bergmann, D., Bousquet, P., Brandt, J., Bruhwiler, L., Cameron-Smith, P., Christensen, J., Delage, F., Denning, A., Fan, S., Geels, C., Houweling, S., Imasu, R., Karstens, U., Kawa, S., Kleist, J., Krol, M., Lin, S.-J., Lokupitiya, R., Maki, T., Maksyutov, S., Niwa, Y., Onishi, R., Parazoo, N., Pieterse, G., Rivier, L., Satoh, M., Serrar, S., Taguchi, S., Vautard, R., Vermeulen, A., Zhu, Z., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2008

49. TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2: Analysis of synoptic-scale variations for the period 2002-2003

Author

Patra, P., Law, R., Peters, W., Rödenbeck, C., Takigawa, M., Aulagnier, C., Baker, I., Bergmann, D., Bousquet, P., Brandt, J., Bruhwiler, L., Cameron-Smith, P., Christensen, J., Delage, F., Denning, A., Fan, S., Geels, C., Houweling, S., Imasu, R., Karstens, U., Kawa, S., Kleist, J., Krol, M., Lin, S., Lokupitiya, R., Maki, T., Maksyutov, S., Niwa, Y., Onishi, R., Parazoo, N., Pieterse, G., Rivier, L., Satoh, M., Serrar, S., Taguchi, S., Vautard, R., Vermeulen, A., Zhu, Z., Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences, Earth and Climate, Physics of Living Systems, Team Higher Education, and Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groni

Subjects
atmospheric CO2, Atmospheric Processes: Boundary layer processes, and modeling (0412, EUROPE, transport model, processes, synoptic variations, Biogeosciences: Biogeochemical cycles, TRENDS, TRANSPORT MODELS, CARBON-DIOXIDE, VARIABILITY, Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry, INVERSIONS, DELTA-C-13, SINKS, TALL TOWER, CYCLE, Atmospheric Processes: Mesoscale meteorology, 4912)
Abstract

The ability to reliably estimate CO2 fluxes from current in situ atmospheric CO2 measurements and future satellite CO2 measurements is dependent on transport model performance at synoptic and shorter timescales. The TransCom continuous experiment was designed to evaluate the performance of forward transport model simulations at hourly, daily, and synoptic timescales, and we focus on the latter two in this paper. Twenty-five transport models or model variants submitted hourly time series of nine predetermined tracers (seven for CO2) at 280 locations. We extracted synoptic-scale variability from daily averaged CO2 time series using a digital filter and analyzed the results by comparing them to atmospheric measurements at 35 locations. The correlations between modeled and observed synoptic CO2 variabilities were almost always largest with zero time lag and statistically significant for most models and most locations. Generally, the model results using diurnally varying land fluxes were closer to the observations compared to those obtained using monthly mean or daily average fluxes, and winter was often better simulated than summer. Model results at higher spatial resolution compared better with observations, mostly because these models were able to sample closer to the measurement site location. The amplitude and correlation of model-data variability is strongly model and season dependent. Overall similarity in modeled synoptic CO2 variability suggests that the first-order transport mechanisms are fairly well parameterized in the models, and no clear distinction was found between the meteorological analyses in capturing the synoptic-scale dynamics. [References: 47]

Published
2008

50. TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO 2 : Experimental overview and diurnal cycle results for 2002

Author

Law, R., Peters, W., Rödenbeck, C., Aulagnier, C., Baker, I., Bergmann, D., Bousquet, P., Brandt, J., Bruhwiler, L., Cameron-Smith, P., Christensen, J., Delage, F., Denning, A., Fan, S., Geels, C., Houweling, S., Imasu, R., Karstens, U., Kawa, S., Kleist, J., Krol, M., Lin, S.-J., Lokupitiya, R., Maki, T., Maksyutov, S., Niwa, Y., Onishi, R., Parazoo, N., Patra, P., Pieterse, G., Rivier, L., Satoh, M., Serrar, S., Taguchi, S., Takigawa, M., Vautard, R., Vermeulen, A., Zhu, Z., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; A forward atmospheric transport modeling experiment has been coordinated by the TransCom group to investigate synoptic and diurnal variations in CO 2. Model simulations were run for biospheric, fossil, and air-sea exchange of CO 2 and for SF 6 and radon for 2000-2003. Twenty-five models or model variants participated in the comparison. Hourly concentration time series were submitted for 280 sites along with vertical profiles, fluxes, and meteorological variables at 100 sites. The submitted results have been analyzed for diurnal variations and are compared with observed CO 2 in 2002. Mean summer diurnal cycles vary widely in amplitude across models. The choice of sampling location and model level account for part of the spread suggesting that representation errors in these types of models are potentially large. Despite the model spread, most models simulate the relative variation in diurnal amplitude between sites reasonably well. The modeled diurnal amplitude only shows a weak relationship with vertical resolution across models; differences in near-surface transport simulation appear to play a major role. Examples are also presented where there is evidence that the models show useful skill in simulating seasonal and synoptic changes in diurnal amplitude.

Published
2008

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