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20. Plasma leptin concentration in adult cattle: effects of breed, adiposity, feeding level, and meal intake

Author

Delavaud, C., Ferlay, A., Faulconnier, Y., Bocquier, F., Kann, G., and Chilliard, Y.

Subjects
Cattle -- Food and nutrition, Dairy cattle -- Food and nutrition, Leptin -- Research, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

An ovine-specific RIA, shown to be reliable for bovine leptin determination, was used to study the effects of breed, body fatness, feeding level, and meal intake on plasma leptin level in adult cattle. Eighteen fat Charolais, fat Holstein, and lean Holstein adult cows were either well-fed (130% of maintenance energy requirements [MER]) or underfed (60% of MER) for 3 wk. The breed tended to have a small effect on plasma leptin level, which was decreased by 70% (P < 0.05) in lean compared to fat Holstein cows. A strong curvilinear relationship was found between mean adipocyte volume and plasma leptin concentrations in well-fed (r = +0.95) and underfed (r = +0.91) cows. Underfeeding caused a significant decrease in plasma leptin levels from 8.0 [+ or -] 3.1 to 6.1 [+ or -] 2.3 ng/mL (P < 0.01). Nine adult Holstein cows initially fed at 130% of MER (control) were underfed to 21% of MER for 7 d, and five of them were refed to 237% of MER for 21 d. Plasma leptin measured 1 h before meal distribution was decreased from 5.9 [+ or -] 0.4 to 3.8 [+ or -] 0.2 ng/mL (P < 0.01) by underfeeding and increased to reach 8.8 [+ or -] 1.0 ng/mL (P < 0.01) after refeeding. It was positively related to plasma glucose (r = +0.52, P < 0.01) and negatively related to plasma NEFA (r = -0.67, P < 0.001). Plasma leptin measured 4 h after meal distribution was positively related to feeding level and to plasma 3-OH-butyrate (r = +0.61, P < 0.005) and negatively related to plasma NEFA (r = -0.56, P < 0.01). Differences between pre- and post-prandial leptin cancentrations showed a decrease after meal intake in control and well-fed cows (-7 and -19%, P < 0.01, respectively) and an increase in underfed cows (+12%, P < 0.01). Leptin response to meal intake was positively related to glucose response (r = +0.66, P < 0.001) and negatively related to 3-OH-butyrate response (r = -0.78, P < 0.001). By using the 'multispecies' commercial RIA, leptin concentrations were lower and we observed similar physiological responses, although less related to other hormones or metabolites. These data provide evidence, first, that a specific RIA for ruminant leptin determination is necessary to better understand leptin regulation, and second, that plasma leptin is strongly related to adipose cell size and positively related to feeding level in adult cattle, and that an effect of meal intake could be mediated by glucose and(or) ketone bodies. Key Words: Body Fat, Breed Differences, Dairy Cows, Feeding Frequency, Leptin, Meals

Published
2002

21. Résultats fonctionnels et perte de volume fonctionnel rénal à 1 an après traitements thermo-ablatifs versus néphrectomie partielle pour tumeurs > 4 cm

Author

Fournio, C., primary, Dariane, C., additional, Correas, J., additional, Audenet, F., additional, Anract, J., additional, Hostettler, A., additional, Delavaud, C., additional, Hurel, S., additional, Verkarre, V., additional, Mandron, E., additional, Timsit, M.O., additional, and Mejean, A., additional

Published
2020
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37. Effect of fat supplementation on leptin, insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone, and insulin in cattle

Author

Becú-Villalobos, D., Tornadú, I. G., Shroeder, G., Salado, E. E., Gagliostro, G., Delavaud, C., Chilliard, Y., Isabel M. Lacau-Mengido, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
Leptin, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Ciencias Biológicas, Random Allocation, Sex Factors, LEPTIN, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Pregnancy, HOLSTEIN, Animals, Insulin, Lactation, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Age Factors, Articles, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Producción Animal y Lechería, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], purl.org/becyt/ford/4.2 [https], ENDOCRINOLOGY, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, Growth Hormone, Dietary Supplements, Pregnancy, Animal, BOVINE, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Cattle, Female, Hydrogenation, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https], CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Otras Producción Animal y Lechería
Abstract

We investigated the effect of fat supplementation on plasma levels of hormones related to metabolism, with special attention to leptin, in cows in early lactation and in feedlot steers. In experiment 1, 34 lactating cows received no fat or else 0.5 or 1.0 kg of partially hydrogenated oil per day in addition to their basal diet from day 20 before the expected calving date to day 70 postpartum. In experiment 2, part of the corn in the basal concentrate was replaced with 0.7 kg of the same oil such that the diets were isocaloric; 18 cows received the fat-substituted diet and 18 a control diet from day 20 before the expected calving date to day 75 postpartum. In experiment 3, calcium salts of fatty acids were added to the basal diet of 14 feedlot steers for 80 d; another 14 steers received a control diet. The basal plasma levels of leptin were higher in the cows than in the steers. Dietary fat supplementation did not affect the leptin levels in the lactating cows but lowered the levels in the feedlot steers despite greater energy intake and body fatness (body weight) in the steers receiving the supplement than in those receiving the control diet. The levels of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin were decreased with dietary fat supplementation in the lactating cows but were unaffected in the steers, suggesting that responses to fat ingestion depend on the physiological state of the animal, including age and sex. Finally, no effects of supplementary fat on the level of growth hormone were demonstrated in any of the models L’effet de l’ajout de gras sur les niveaux plasmatiques d’hormones reliées au métabolisme, avec une attention particulière à la leptine, a été étudié chez des vaches en début de lactation et chez des bouvillons en parc d’engraissement. Dans l’expérience 1, 34 vaches en lactation n’ont reçu aucun gras ou bien 0,5 ou 1 kg/jour d’huile partiellement hydrogénée en supplément de leur ration de base commençant 20 jours avant la date prévue de vêlage et allant jusqu’à 70 jours post-partum. Dans l’expérience 2, une partie du maïs dans le concentré de base a été remplacé par 0,7 kg de la même huile de manière à ce que les diètes soient isocaloriques; 18 vaches ont reçu la diète avec le substitut de gras et 18 une diète témoin débutant 20 jours avant la date prévue de vêlage et allant jusqu’à 75 jours post-partum. Dans l’expérience 3, des sels de calcium d’acides gras ont été ajoutés à la diète de base de 14 bouvillons d’embouche pendant 80 jours; 14 autres bouvillons ont reçu une diète témoin. Les niveaux plasmatiques de base de leptine étaient plus élevés chez les vaches que chez les bouvillons. Un supplément de gras alimentaire n’a pas affecté les niveaux de leptine chez les vaches en lactation mais a diminué les niveaux chez les bouvillons d’embouche malgré un plus grand apport calorique et plus de gras corporel (poids corporel) chez les bouvillons recevant le supplément que chez ceux recevant la diète témoin. Les niveaux du facteur de croissance similaire à l’insuline de type I et l’insuline étaient diminués chez les vaches laitières recevant le supplément en gras mais non-modifiés chez les bouvillons, ce qui suggère que les réponses à l’ingestion de gras dépendent de l’état physiologique de l’animal, incluant son âge et le sexe. Finalement, l’ajout de gras n’a démontré aucun effet sur les niveaux d’hormone de croissance dans tous les modèles étudiés. Fil: Becu, Damasia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Garcia Tornadu, Isabel Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Shroeder, G.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Salado, E.E.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Gagliostro,G.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Delavaud C. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Chilliard, Y. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Lacau, Isabel María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina

Published
2007

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