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Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, heterogeneous, and potentially life‐threatening disease characterized by primary, sterile, and macroscopically visible pustules with or without systemic symptoms. There are ethnic differences in the genetic mutations associated with GPP that might affect the clinical manifestations and treatment responses. Currently, there is limited evidence from the patient population in the Asia‐Pacific (APAC) region, resulting in a general paucity of information on the effective management of patients with GPP in this region. This modified Delphi panel study aimed to identify current evidence and gain advanced insights to facilitate the development of a regionally tailored APAC consensus on the management of GPP. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify published literature and develop consensus statements on (i) definition and clinical course, (ii) diagnosis of GPP, (iii) treatment outcomes, goals, and monitoring measures, and (iv) optimal management strategies and clinical practices. Statements were rated by a panel of dermatologists in two rounds, with the threshold for consensus at ≥80% agreement. Twenty experts from the APAC region reached consensus on 106 statements that were developed based on the SLR and experts' collective expertise. The experts agreed that GPP is a rare, severe, and potentially life‐threatening condition that is distinct from plaque psoriasis. This consensus emphasized the importance of a tailored treatment strategy taking into account the GPP flare severity and each patient's unique clinical circumstances. The experts reached consensus on the severity classification of GPP flares and recommended first‐line and maintenance treatment options for adult GPP, childhood GPP, and GPP in pregnancy. These consensus outcomes have been synthesized into treatment algorithms to guide dermatologists in the APAC region in their clinical decision‐making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Incidental pulmonary nodules (IPN) are common radiologic findings, yet management of IPNs is inconsistent across Canada. This study aims to improve IPN management based on multidisciplinary expert consensus and provides recommendations to overcome patient and system-level barriers. Methods: A modified Delphi consensus technique was conducted. Multidisciplinary experts with extensive experience in lung nodule management in Canada were recruited to participate in the panel. A survey was administered in 3 rounds, using a 5-point Likert scale to determine the level of agreement (1 = extremely agree, 5 = extremely disagree). Results: Eleven experts agreed to participate in the panel; 10 completed all 3 rounds. Consensus was achieved for 183/217 (84.3%) statements. Panellists agreed that radiology reports should include a standardized summary of findings and follow-up recommendations for all nodule sizes (ie, <6, 6-8, and >8 mm). There was strong consensus regarding the importance of an automated system for patient follow-up and that leadership support for organizational change at the administrative level is of utmost importance in improving IPN management. There was no consensus on the need for standardized national referral pathways, development of new guidelines, or establishing a uniform picture archiving and communication system. Conclusion: Canadian IPN experts agree that improved IPN management should include standardized radiology reporting of IPNs, standardized and automated follow-up of patients with IPNs, guideline adherence and implementation, and leadership support for organizational change. Future research should focus on the implementation and long-term effectiveness of these recommendations in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Post-stroke patients constitute a large group suffering from disabilities that require rehabilitation long after discharge. Quality indicators (QIs) that specify the minimum expected standard of quality in outpatient rehabilitation could contribute to the valuation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation on decision-makers, health professionals, patients, and relatives. This review aims to identify QIs focusing on physiotherapists' outpatient rehabilitation of stroke patients. Materials and methods: The databases Cinahl, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for publications, and the grey literature was also searched. Through a pragmatic appraisal and assessment with the modified AGREE II-QI instrument, relevant QIs were selected. Results: A total of 1129 papers were retrieved, and five papers presenting 91 QIs were included. Thirty-six QIs were considered relevant to physiotherapy in outpatient rehabilitation. The QIs cover structure, process, and outcome and concern basic mobility, spasticity, organisation and content of the training, patient-reported outcome measures, education of patients and relatives, and follow-up and goal setting. Conclusions: The study appraised 36 QIs relevant for outpatient rehabilitation of stroke survivors conducted by physiotherapists. A Delphi panel is required to develop the final set of QIs for physiotherapists and, subsequently, the development of a core set of multidisciplinary QIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommended a shift from a traditional hierarchical treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) to a four-pillar medical therapy strategy intended for near-simultaneous initiation. However, practical guidance for implementation in clinical practice is lacking. To address this, a Delphi Panel of 12 Belgian heart failure experts aimed to obtain consensus on integrating guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in HFrEF patients in Belgian clinical practice, considering local specificities, including reimbursement criteria. Methods: A geographically representative sample of 12 Belgian cardiologists engaged in a three-round Delphi process, evolving from 20 open-ended questions to 39 statements. A qualitative analysis after the first round resulted in expert statements for the subsequent questionnaire, categorised into treatment for newly diagnosed and chronic HFrEF patients. Results: The Delphi consensus revealed four key findings: (i) Agreement on initiating the four medical cornerstones within 7–14 days of HFrEF diagnosis, prioritising initiation over individual class up-titration; (ii) Lack of consensus on a fixed sequence for initiation due to patient variability and national reimbursement criteria; (iii) Emphasis on treatment adjustment based on the patient's clinical presentation and comorbidities; (iv) Recognition of the crucial role of regular follow-up visits, allowing optimisation of medical therapy where appropriate. Conclusion: This national Delphi consensus addresses clinical implementation of GDMT in HFrEF patients for Belgian cardiologists. The consensus highlights the importance of swift implementation of the four cornerstone medical therapies in newly diagnosed HFrEF patients, individualising treatment sequencing, and ensuring regular follow-up to optimise therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A recent applicability study highlighted the need for the existing checklist for reporting research using a simulated patient methodology (CRiSP) to be clearer and user-friendly. The aim of this study was to update the checklist to address these concerns. Methods: A fourth round of the Delphi consensus study, used in the original checklist development work, was conducted. Previous participants, who had expertise in SP methodology, were invited to complete a questionnaire including a list of 13 checklist items developed in the previous study and revised following applicability testing. Closed questions were analysed for frequency. Consensus was predefined as >80% agreement. All items were discussed in a roundtable meeting and further modified as necessary. Responses to open questions were content analysed. Key findings: Twenty-one authors participated. There was a statistical consensus in 12 out of 13 modified checklist items. Conclusions: A final reporting checklist for studies in health research using SP methodology has been developed using a consensus approach. Further refinements may be needed to increase the generalizability of the checklist in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The U.S. Food & Drug Administration has identified physical functioning (PF) as a core patient-reported outcome (PRO) in cancer clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to identify PF PRO measures (PROMs) in adult cancer populations and classify the PROMs by content covered (facets of PF) in each measure. Methods: As part of the Patient Reports of Physical Functioning Study (PROPS) research program, we conducted a targeted literature review to identify PROMs that could be used in clinical trials to evaluate PF from the patient perspective. Next, we convened an advisory panel to conduct a modified, reactive, Delphi study to reach consensus on which PF facets are assessed by PROMs identified in the review. The panel engaged in a "card sort" activity to classify PROM items by PF facets. Consensus was reached when 80% of panel members agreed that at least one facet was being measured by each PROM item. Results: The literature review identified 13 PROMs that met inclusion criteria. Eight facets of PF were identified for classification in the Delphi study: ability, completion, difficulty, limitation, quality, frequency, bother, and satisfaction. Through two rounds, the panel documented and classified conceptual approaches for each PRO item presented. The most prevalent PF facets were ability, difficulty, and limitation. Conclusion: Classifying PF PROMs by PF facets will promote more consistent communication regarding the aspects of PF represented in each PROM, helping researchers prioritize measures for inclusion in cancer clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Clinical associates are a health professional cadre that could be utilised in mental health task sharing in South Africa but this is training dependent. The objectives of the study were to identify the potential curricula content, training sites, and teaching modalities for undergraduate and potential postgraduate clinical associate mental health training and to identify the tasks that they should perform based on these curricula. Methods We utilised the Delphi method to reach consensus on items with the panel comprising psychiatrists and family physicians. The first round questionnaire of the Delphi survey was developed based on a literature review and the results from earlier phases of the overall study. The survey was administered electronically and consisted of three rounds. Following both the first and second rounds, an updated questionnaire was constructed omitting the items on which consensus was reached. The questionnaire consisted primarily of nine-point scales with consensus based on 70% of participants rating 1,2,3 or 7,8,9. Results There were 26 participants in the first round with this number falling to 23 in later rounds. There was strong consensus on a training attachment to a mental health clinic at a community health centre (CHC) at undergraduate (96.2%) and postgraduate level (100%). Consensus was reached on the importance of training on the management of six categories of disorders at the undergraduate level and nine categories of disorders at the postgraduate level. Clerking patients as a teaching modality reached 100% consensus at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. PHC clinics, CHCs and district hospitals reached consensus as appropriate settings for clinical associates to provide mental health services. In addition, GP practices and secondary hospitals reached consensus for those with postgraduate training. Consensus was reached on ten of the 21 listed tasks that could be performed based on undergraduate training and 20 of the 21 tasks based on a postgraduate qualification in mental health. Conclusions The Delphi panel’s recommendations provide a clear roadmap for enhancing mental health curricula for clinical associates, enabling their utilisation in mental health service provision. A future postgraduate mental health qualification for clinical associates would allow for expanded task sharing.

The goal of epilepsy treatment is seizure freedom, typically with antiseizure medication (ASM). If patients fail to attain seizure control despite two trials of appropriately chosen ASMs at adequate doses, they are classified as having drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Adverse events (AEs) commonly occur in people with DRE because they are typically on ⩾2 ASMs, increasing the potential for drug–drug interactions. Early emerging AEs may impact adherence, decrease quality of life, and delay achieving optimal treatment dosages. Cenobamate is an oral ASM with a long half-life which has proven to be highly effective in clinical trials. An international Delphi panel of expert epileptologists experienced in the clinical use of cenobamate and other ASMs was convened to develop consensus best practices for managing patients during and after cenobamate titration, with consideration for its known pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, to allow patients to reach the most appropriate cenobamate dose while limiting tolerability issues. The modified Delphi process included one open-ended questionnaire and one virtual face-to-face meeting. Participants agreed that cenobamate can be prescribed for most patients experiencing focal-onset seizures. Patients initiating cenobamate therapy should have access to healthcare professionals as needed and their treatment response should be evaluated at the 100-mg dose. Patients with intellectual disabilities may need additional support to navigate the titration period. Proactive down-titration or withdrawal of sodium channel blockers (SCBs) is recommended when concomitant ASM regimens include ⩾2 SCBs. When applicable, maintaining a concomitant clobazam dose at ~5–10 mg may be beneficial. Patients taking oral contraceptives, newer oral anticoagulants, or HIV antiretroviral medications should be monitored for potential interactions. Because clinical evidence informing treatment decisions is limited, guidance regarding dose adjustments of non-ASM drugs was not developed beyond specific recommendations presented in the Summary of Product Characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational programs innovate constantly, but tools to evaluate them lag. Measures vary across programs and usually concentrate on outcomes without attending to programming dimensions that could influence results. Such features limit generalizability and comprehension of the mechanisms by which intergenerational programs achieve their objectives. Building on theory and evidence, we developed an evaluation tool for practitioners and researchers to use as a standalone evaluation tool or in conjunction with other measures. The current paper presents results of a Delphi study used to refine the Intergenerational Program Evaluation Tool (IPET) and establish its face and content validity. Results reinforce preexisting scholarship identifying the IPET as a reliable, valid tool that will help intergenerational scholars promote evidence-based practices and assess their impact on varied goals pursued through shared programming. We describe potential uses of the tool and next steps to advance its adoption through implementation research and psychometric assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Existing approaches in cancer survivorship care delivery have proven to be insufficient to engage primary care. This study aimed to identify stakeholder‐informed priorities to improve primary care engagement in breast cancer survivorship care. Methods: Experts in U.S. cancer survivorship care delivery were invited to participate in a 4‐round online Delphi panel to identify and evaluate priorities for defining and fostering primary care's engagement in breast cancer survivorship. Panelists were asked to identify and then assess (ratings of 1–9) the importance and feasibility of priority items to support primary care engagement in survivorship. Panelists were asked to review the group results and reevaluate the importance and feasibility of each item, aiming to reach consensus. Results: Respondent panelists (n = 23, response rate 57.5%) identified 31 priority items to support survivorship care. Panelists consistently rated three items most important (scored 9) but with uncertain feasibility (scored 5–6). These items emphasized the need to foster connections and improve communication between primary care and oncology. Panelists reached consensus on four items evaluated as important and feasible: (1) educating patients on survivorship, (2) enabling screening reminders and monitoring alerts in the electronic medical record, (3) identifying patient resources for clinicians to recommend, and (4) distributing accessible reference guides of common breast cancer drugs. Conclusion: Role clarity and communication between oncology and primary care were rated as most important; however, uncertainty about feasibility remains. These findings indicate that cross‐disciplinary capacity building to address feasibility issues may be needed to make the most important priority items actionable in primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) with a rapidly growing worldwide incidence. The last decades presented rapid progress in pharmacological treatment leading in many cases to clinical and endoscopic remission, including biological treatment with anti-TNF agents. The exact timing of introduction, optimization and maintenance of anti-TNF therapy in IBDs is not thoroughly covered in current guidelines. We used the Delphi panel methodology to gather the IBD experts' views and achieve consensus for clinical recommendations on introducing and maintaining anti-TNF therapy for patients with IBDs. Twelve recommendations achieved a high level of consensus in two assessment rounds by 52 (1st round) and 47 (2nd round) IBD experts. In many clinical situations, the early use of anti-TNF therapy is recommended. Nowadays, the cost-efficacy profile of anti-TNF biosimilars makes them the first-line drug in a substantial proportion of patients, thus providing the opportunity to increase access to biological therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Existing approaches in cancer survivorship care delivery have proven to be insufficient to engage primary care. This study aimed to identify stakeholder‐informed priorities to improve primary care engagement in breast cancer survivorship care. Methods Experts in U.S. cancer survivorship care delivery were invited to participate in a 4‐round online Delphi panel to identify and evaluate priorities for defining and fostering primary care's engagement in breast cancer survivorship. Panelists were asked to identify and then assess (ratings of 1–9) the importance and feasibility of priority items to support primary care engagement in survivorship. Panelists were asked to review the group results and reevaluate the importance and feasibility of each item, aiming to reach consensus. Results Respondent panelists (n = 23, response rate 57.5%) identified 31 priority items to support survivorship care. Panelists consistently rated three items most important (scored 9) but with uncertain feasibility (scored 5–6). These items emphasized the need to foster connections and improve communication between primary care and oncology. Panelists reached consensus on four items evaluated as important and feasible: (1) educating patients on survivorship, (2) enabling screening reminders and monitoring alerts in the electronic medical record, (3) identifying patient resources for clinicians to recommend, and (4) distributing accessible reference guides of common breast cancer drugs. Conclusion Role clarity and communication between oncology and primary care were rated as most important; however, uncertainty about feasibility remains. These findings indicate that cross‐disciplinary capacity building to address feasibility issues may be needed to make the most important priority items actionable in primary care.

Abstract Background Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder, that manifests as a heterogeneous disease with renal, cardiac and nervous system involvement. The most common pain experienced by people with Fabry disease are episodes of neuropathic pain reported in up to 80% of classical hemizygous male patients and up to 65% of heterozygous female patients. No clear consensus exists within UK clinical practice for the assessment and management of pain in Fabry disease based on agreed clinical practice and clinical experience. Here we describe a modified Delphi initiative to establish expert consensus on management of pain in Fabry disease in the UK clinical setting. Methods Delphi panel members were identified based on their demonstrated expertise in managing adult or paediatric patients with Fabry disease in the UK and recruited by an independent third-party administrator. Ten expert panellists agreed to participate in two survey rounds, during which they remained anonymous to each other. Circulation of the questionnaires, and collection and processing of the panel’s responses were conducted between September 2021 and December 2021. All questions required an answer. Results The Delphi panel reached a consensus on 21 out of 41 aspects of pain assessment and management of pain in Fabry disease. These encompassed steps in the care pathway from the goals of therapy through to holistic support, including the use of gabapentin and carbamazepine as first-line analgesic medications for the treatment of neuropathic pain in Fabry disease, as well as the proactive management of symptoms of anxiety and/or depression associated with Fabry pain. Conclusions The consensus panel outcomes reported here have highlighted strengths in current UK clinical practice, along with unmet needs for further research and agreement. This consensus is intended to prompt the next steps towards developing clinical guidelines.

This Delphi study aimed to assess current perspectives on hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative(HR+/HER2−) advanced breast cancer (aBC) treatment strategies across the Nordics, and to establish where consensus exists across the Nordics on HR+/HER2− aBC treatment. A modified, three-round Delphi method was followed. A steering committee was appointed for study coordination, panellist selection, and questionnaire development. The questionnaires covered relevant topics on HR+/HER2− aBC treatment: treatment patterns in different lines of therapy (first [1L], second [2L], and third [3L]), oligometastatic disease, de novo aBC, brain metastases, age as influential factor, visceral crisis, radiotherapy, diagnostics, and clinical guidelines. Both open and closed-ended questions were included. Consensus was defined as at least 70% agreement. In total, 28 experienced BC oncologists participated in the study from all five Nordic countries. Overall, topics reaching consensus included: preferred treatment approach in 1L and 2L therapy, treatment of oligometastatic disease, visceral crisis, brain metastases, and age-related treatment considerations. No consensus was reached for 3L therapy and local treatment for primary tumour in de novo aBC. Endocrine therapy (ET) combined with a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor was the treatment of choice for 1L and 2L therapy. Treatment patterns in clinical practice did not always follow recommendations in current Nordic guidelines, as seen in the case of recently approved treatments. ET in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor is the preferred frontline treatment for HR+/HER2− aBC in the Nordics. The observed discrepancy between current guidelines and clinical practice could be due to differences in the reimbursement of novel treatments in the Nordics. Collaborative research efforts are warranted for topics that lack consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Advanced urothelial carcinoma remains aggressive and very hard to cure, while new treatments will pose a challenge for clinicians and healthcare funding policymakers alike. The U-CHANGE Project aimed to redesign the current model of care for advanced urothelial carcinoma patients to identify limitations ("as is" scenario) and recommend future actions ("to be" scenario). Methods: Twenty-three subject-matter experts, divided into three groups, analyzed the two scenarios as part of a multidimensional consensus process, developing statements for specific domains of the disease, and a simplified Delphi methodology was used to establish consensus among the experts. Results: Recommended actions included increasing awareness of the disease, increased training of healthcare professionals, improvement of screening strategies and care pathways, increased support for patients and caregivers and relevant recommendations from molecular tumor boards when comprehensive genomic profiling has to be provided for appropriate patient selection to ad hoc targeted therapies. Discussion: While the innovative new targeted agents have the potential to significantly alter the clinical approach to this highly aggressive disease, the UCHANGE Project experience shows that the use of these new agents will require a radical shift in the entire model of care, implementing sustainable changes which anticipate the benefits of future treatments, capable of targeting the right patient with the right agent at different stages of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is currently no standardised definition for patients at high risk of recurrence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer (eBC; stages 1–3) after surgery. This modified Delphi panel aimed to establish expert UK consensus on this definition, separately considering hormone receptor (HR)-positive and triple-negative (TN) patients. Methods: Over three consecutive rounds, results were collected from 29, 24 and 22 UK senior breast cancer oncologists and surgeons, respectively. The first round aimed to determine key risk factors in each patient subgroup; subsequent rounds aimed to establish appropriate risk thresholds. Consensus was pre-defined as ≥70% of respondents. Results: Expert consensus was achieved on need to assess age, tumour size, tumour grade, number of positive lymph nodes, inflammatory breast cancer and risk prediction tools in all HER2-negative patients. There was additional agreement on use of tumour profiling tests and biomarkers in HR-positive patients, and pathologic complete response (pCR) status in TN patients. Thresholds for high recurrence risk were subsequently agreed. In HR-positive patients, these included age 5 cm (as independent risk factors); tumour grade 3 (independently and combined with other high-risk factors); number of positive nodes ≥4 (independently) and ≥1 (combined). For TN patients, the following thresholds reached consensus, both independently and in combination with other factors: tumour size >2 cm, tumour grade 3, number of positive nodes ≥1. Conclusions: The results may be a valuable reference point to guide recurrence risk assessment and decision-making after surgery in the HER2-negative eBC population.

Introduction: Pain in multiple sclerosis (MS) is common, but literature on pain in children with MS remains scarce. Pain has physical, psychological, and social implications in MS, and both comprehensive assessment and interdisciplinary management approaches are needed. We sought to develop an interdisciplinary interim guideline for the assessment and management of pain in children with MS. Methods and materials: We convened a modified Delphi panel composed of 13 experts in pediatric and adult MS neurology, physiotherapy, pain, patient livedexperience, advanced practice nursing, psychology, physiatry, and MS research. A survey was sent to panelists for anonymous completion. The panel discussed survey themes extracted by the panel chair. The process was repeated twice. Results: Thirteen assessment and treatment recommendations were produced regarding pain in children with MS. Discussion: Future studies will assess implementation of these pain assessment and treatment guidelines in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Treatment of cancer pain remains suboptimal worldwide. In Italy, a law requires that pain be regularly assessed and reported in both medical and nursing records. Aim: To provide a homogeneous form to get exhaustive clinical information in the clinical report according to Italian legislation. Methods: A board, including oncologists and pain therapists, designed a form to report the pain characteristics of cancer patients in Italy in clinical records. The form was voted on through a Delphi process among directors of 18 clinical oncology specialization schools in Italy to obtain agreement on its content. Results: A form useful for collecting and reporting comprehensive and homogeneous information on pain among oncologists in Italy was produced. Conclusion: The development of common strategies for pain management can be improved by using this tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder, that manifests as a heterogeneous disease with renal, cardiac and nervous system involvement. The most common pain experienced by people with Fabry disease are episodes of neuropathic pain reported in up to 80% of classical hemizygous male patients and up to 65% of heterozygous female patients. No clear consensus exists within UK clinical practice for the assessment and management of pain in Fabry disease based on agreed clinical practice and clinical experience. Here we describe a modified Delphi initiative to establish expert consensus on management of pain in Fabry disease in the UK clinical setting. Methods: Delphi panel members were identified based on their demonstrated expertise in managing adult or paediatric patients with Fabry disease in the UK and recruited by an independent third-party administrator. Ten expert panellists agreed to participate in two survey rounds, during which they remained anonymous to each other. Circulation of the questionnaires, and collection and processing of the panel's responses were conducted between September 2021 and December 2021. All questions required an answer. Results: The Delphi panel reached a consensus on 21 out of 41 aspects of pain assessment and management of pain in Fabry disease. These encompassed steps in the care pathway from the goals of therapy through to holistic support, including the use of gabapentin and carbamazepine as first-line analgesic medications for the treatment of neuropathic pain in Fabry disease, as well as the proactive management of symptoms of anxiety and/or depression associated with Fabry pain. Conclusions: The consensus panel outcomes reported here have highlighted strengths in current UK clinical practice, along with unmet needs for further research and agreement. This consensus is intended to prompt the next steps towards developing clinical guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionPain in multiple sclerosis (MS) is common, but literature on pain in children with MS remains scarce. Pain has physical, psychological, and social implications in MS, and both comprehensive assessment and interdisciplinary management approaches are needed. We sought to develop an interdisciplinary interim guideline for the assessment and management of pain in children with MS.Methods and materialsWe convened a modified Delphi panel composed of 13 experts in pediatric and adult MS neurology, physiotherapy, pain, patient lived-experience, advanced practice nursing, psychology, physiatry, and MS research. A survey was sent to panelists for anonymous completion. The panel discussed survey themes extracted by the panel chair. The process was repeated twice.ResultsThirteen assessment and treatment recommendations were produced regarding pain in children with MS.DiscussionFuture studies will assess implementation of these pain assessment and treatment guidelines in the clinical setting.

IntroductionAdvanced urothelial carcinoma remains aggressive and very hard to cure, while new treatments will pose a challenge for clinicians and healthcare funding policymakers alike. The U-CHANGE Project aimed to redesign the current model of care for advanced urothelial carcinoma patients to identify limitations (“as is” scenario) and recommend future actions (“to be” scenario).MethodsTwenty-three subject-matter experts, divided into three groups, analyzed the two scenarios as part of a multidimensional consensus process, developing statements for specific domains of the disease, and a simplified Delphi methodology was used to establish consensus among the experts.ResultsRecommended actions included increasing awareness of the disease, increased training of healthcare professionals, improvement of screening strategies and care pathways, increased support for patients and caregivers and relevant recommendations from molecular tumor boards when comprehensive genomic profiling has to be provided for appropriate patient selection to ad hoc targeted therapies.DiscussionWhile the innovative new targeted agents have the potential to significantly alter the clinical approach to this highly aggressive disease, the U-CHANGE Project experience shows that the use of these new agents will require a radical shift in the entire model of care, implementing sustainable changes which anticipate the benefits of future treatments, capable of targeting the right patient with the right agent at different stages of the disease.

BackgroundAchondroplasia is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the FGFR3 gene, leading to skeletal changes and other systemic complications that greatly impact the patient's quality of life. There currently are differences in achondroplasia patients' management among countries and centers within the same country.MethodA group of Italian experts discussed the best practice and the current unmet needs in the management of patients with achondroplasia though a two-round Delphi panel, between September and November 2022. The Delphi survey consisted of 32 questions covering organizational aspects, diagnosis and follow-up, and management of achondroplasia patient, and was shared among 54 experts from 25 different centers in Italy. The consensus was determined on the basis of the percentage of agreement or disagreement to each statement on a 5-point Likert scale.ResultsPediatricians (including specialists in pediatrics, medical genetics, and pediatric endocrinology) orthopedics and medical geneticists were the most represented specialists accounting for 64%, 9% and 9% of participants, respectively. The panel highlighted the need for standardized procedures to identify reference centers, the crucial role of multidisciplinary team, and effective communication among centers (Hub and Spoke model) as the essential organizational features; the importance of genetic counseling, presence of a psychologist, and clear communication during prenatal diagnosis as main points for diagnosis; early intervention by different specialists, personalized care, and promotion of a healthy lifestyle as major points for patient management.ConclusionTo ensure an adequate continuity of care over the whole lifespan of a patient with achondroplasia a shared model for patient management is suggested by Italian specialists.

Introduction: Following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation, patients are at risk of developing Epstein–Barr virus-positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (EBV+ PTLD), which is an ultra-rare and potentially lethal hematologic malignancy. Common treatments for EBV+ PTLD include rituximab alone or combined with chemotherapy. Given specific considerations for this population, including severity of the underlying condition requiring transplant, the rigors of the transplant procedure, as well as risks to the transplanted organ, there is a group of patients with EBV+ PTLD for whom chemotherapy may be inappropriate; however, there is limited information characterizing these patients. This study aimed to reach expert consensus on the key characteristics of patients for whom chemotherapy may be inappropriate in a real-world setting. Methods: A two-round modified Delphi study was conducted to reach consensus among clinicians with expertise treating EBV+ PTLD. Articles identified in a targeted literature review guided the development of round 1 and 2 topics and related statements. The consensus threshold for round 1 statements was 75.0%. If consensus was achieved in round 1, the statement was not discussed further in round 2. The consensus thresholds for round 2 were moderate (62.5–75.0%), strong (87.5%), or complete (100.0%). Results: The panel was composed of a total of eight clinicians (seven hematologists/hemato-oncologists) from six European countries. The panel generated a final list of 43 consensus recommendations on the following topics: terminology used to describe patients for whom chemotherapy may be inappropriate; demographic characteristics; organ transplant characteristics; comorbidities that preclude the use of chemotherapy; EBV+ PTLD characteristics; and factors related to treatment-related mortality and morbidity. Conclusions: This modified Delphi panel successfully achieved consensus on key topics and statements that characterized patients with EBV+ PTLD for whom chemotherapy may be inappropriate. These recommendations will inform clinicians and aid in the treatment of EBV+ PTLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited guidance exists to support investigators in the choice, adaptation, validation and use of implementation measures for global mental health implementation research. Our objectives were to develop consensus on best practices for implementation measurement and identify strengths and opportunities in current practice. We convened seven expert panelists. Participants rated approaches to measure adaptation and validation according to appropriateness and feasibility. Follow-up interviews were conducted and a group discussion was held. We then surveyed investigators who have used quantitative implementation measures in global mental health implementation research. Participants described their use of implementation measures, including approaches to adaptation and validation, alongside challenges and opportunities. Panelists agreed that investigators could rely on evidence of a measure’s validity, reliability and dimensionality from similar contexts. Panelists did not reach consensus on whether to establish the pragmatic qualities of measures in novel settings. Survey respondents (n = 28) most commonly reported using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research Inner Setting Measures (n = 9) and the Program Assessment Sustainability Tool (n = 5). All reported adapting measures to their settings; only two reported validating their measures. These results will support guidance for implementation measurement in support of mental health services in diverse global settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that journalists are expected to develop new skills in the innovative peripheries of journalism, such as data and multimedia journalism. However, the extent to which new skills are expected for its core activity, news reporting, remains disputed. This study aims to determine whether news reporters are expected to master new skills following a series of transformations in news environments. To allow ego-free and anonymous negotiations of reporters' desired skills, we organized a Delphi panel of news executives and experts. Findings show that reporters are expected to prioritize traditional skills: be knowledgeable about their beat, think critically about raw materials, and be swift but accurate. However, they are expected to utilize databases and prioritize story detection over storytelling. These findings raise opposing views regarding the survival strategy of news reporting in changing news environments: must reporting adopt brand new skill sets or rediscover traditional ones? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Michael S Broder, Sarah N Gibbs, Irina Yermilov Outcomes Research, Partnership for Health Analytic Research (PHAR), LLC, Beverly Hills, CA, USACorrespondence: Michael S Broder, Partnership for Health Analytic Research (PHAR), LLC, 280 S Beverly Drive, Suite 404, Beverly Hills, CA, 90212, USA, Tel +1-310-858-9555, Fax +1-310-858-9550, Email mbroder@pharllc.comAbstract: The RAND/UCLA modified Delphi panel method is a formal group consensus process that systematically and quantitatively combines expert opinion and evidence by asking panelists to rate, discuss, then re-rate items. The method has been used to develop medical society guidelines, other clinical practice guidelines, disease classification systems, research agendas, and quality improvement interventions. Traditionally, a group of experts meet in person to discuss results of a first-round survey. After the meeting, experts complete a second-round survey used to develop areas of consensus. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this aspect of the method was not possible. As such, we have adapted the method to conduct virtual RAND/UCLA modified Delphi panels. In this study, we present a targeted literature review to describe and summarize the existing evidence on the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi panel method and outline our adaptation for conducting these panels virtually. Transitioning from in-person to virtual meetings was not without challenges, but there have also been unexpected advantages. The method we describe here can be a cost-effective and efficient alternative for researchers and clinicians.Keywords: Delphi panel, expert panel, consensus, virtual meeting, COVID-19, pandemic

Limited guidance exists to support investigators in the choice, adaptation, validation and use of implementation measures for global mental health implementation research. Our objectives were to develop consensus on best practices for implementation measurement and identify strengths and opportunities in current practice. We convened seven expert panelists. Participants rated approaches to measure adaptation and validation according to appropriateness and feasibility. Follow-up interviews were conducted and a group discussion was held. We then surveyed investigators who have used quantitative implementation measures in global mental health implementation research. Participants described their use of implementation measures, including approaches to adaptation and validation, alongside challenges and opportunities. Panelists agreed that investigators could rely on evidence of a measure’s validity, reliability and dimensionality from similar contexts. Panelists did not reach consensus on whether to establish the pragmatic qualities of measures in novel settings. Survey respondents (n = 28) most commonly reported using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research Inner Setting Measures (n = 9) and the Program Assessment Sustainability Tool (n = 5). All reported adapting measures to their settings; only two reported validating their measures. These results will support guidance for implementation measurement in support of mental health services in diverse global settings.

The academic community has shown a growing concern with the disappearance and mischaracterization of springs across the planet, despite the advocated importance of these hydrosystems. A tacit gap refers to the lack of consensus regarding techniques for environmental assessment of springs, which many times, do not understand all the complexity inherent to them. This paper reports the results of a Panel of Experts (Delphi technique) to define the most relevant parameters for the assessment of springs in Brazil. The elected indicators were classified in the State-PressureResponse model and qualified according to their acceptance in the scientific community. Finally, the list of parameters that emerges from this proposal compiles interdisciplinary, interscalar and diverse indicators, which can collaborate for the governance of Brazilian springs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high incidence of post-stroke depression (PSD) during rehabilitation exerts a negative effect on the treatment and functional recovery of patients with stroke and increases the risk of mortality. It is necessary to screen PSD in the rehabilitation stage and thus provide effective intervention strategies. However, existing measurements used to assess PSD in the rehabilitation stage in patients with stroke lack specificity. This study aimed to develop a clinical measure to assess symptoms of PSD in the rehabilitation stage. Methods: The research team created the initial items through a literature review and semi-structured interviews of patients with stroke. Then, the symptom-related items were estimated by three panels: healthcare professionals (N = 41), Delphi experts (N = 15), and patients with stroke in the rehabilitation stage (N = 30). Results: The literature review and semi-structured interview produced 51 symptom-related items including six domains, and the items were reduced to 47 by the healthcare professionals. The symptom-related items were further reduced to 33 items by a two-round Delphi consultation. The initiative coefficients of the two Delphi rounds were 71.4 and 100%, the expert authority coefficients were both 0.85, Kendall's W were 0.152 and 0.408 (p < 0.01), and the coefficient of variation (CV) were 0.05-0.32 and 0.00-0.18, respectively. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was 0.53-1.00, the scale-level CVI/universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) was 0.26, and the S-CVI/average (S - CVI/Ave) was 0.85 for the first found Delphi consultation; the I-CVI was 0.67-1.00, the S-CVI/UA was 0.61, and the S-CVI/Ave was 0.97 for the second round Delphi consultation. All content validity indicators have been significantly improved compared with the first round. Using mean ≥ 4 and full score ≥ 0.5, combined with CV ≤ 0.16 as the item criteria, a clinical measure of PSD with 33 items and 6 dimensions (cognition, sleep, behavior, emotion, body, and guilt) was finally formed after two rounds. The patients with stroke made no further revisions after evaluation. Conclusion: The research team developed a specific tool with good content validity to assess the symptoms of PSD in the rehabilitation stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Categorization systems for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection lack consistency in classifying disease severity. To evaluate the need for a standard, consensus-based categorisation system for TBEV infection across subtypes, we gathered an expert panel of clinicians and scientists with diverse expertise in TBEV infection. Consensus was sought using the Delphi technique, which consisted of 2 web-based survey questionnaires and a final, virtual, consensus-building exercise. Ten panellists representing 8 European countries participated in the Delphi exercise, with specialities in neurology, infectious disease, paediatrics, immunology, virology, and epidemiology. Panellists reached unanimous consensus on the need for a standardised, international categorisation system to capture both clinical presentation and severity of TBEV infection. Ideally, such a system should be feasible for use at bedside, be clear and easy to understand, and capture both the acute and follow-up phases of TBEV infection. Areas requiring further discussion were (1) the timepoints at which assessments should be made and (2) whether there should be a separate system for children. This Delphi panel study found that a critical gap persists in the absence of a feasible and practical classification system for TBEV infection. Specifically, the findings of our Delphi exercise highlight the need for the development of a user-friendly classification system that captures the acute and follow-up (i.e., outcome) phases of TBEV infection and optimally reflects both clinical presentation and severity. Development of a clinical categorisation system will enhance patient care and foster comparability among studies, thereby supporting treatment development, refining vaccine strategies, and fortifying public health surveillance., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest J.R. and M.P. are full-time employees of RTI Health Solutions, an independent nonprofit research organisation, which received funding from Pfizer in connection with the development of this manuscript. Their compensation is unconnected to the studies on which they work. M.G. was a full-time employee of RTI Health Solutions at the time this study was conducted. K.H., H.M., F.J.A., and A.P. are employees of Pfizer Inc. and hold stock and stock options in Pfizer Inc. W.E. was an employee of Pfizer Inc. at the time of the project, and holds stock options in Pfizer Inc. A.E. does not receive any personal grants or honoraria from corporate or pharmaceutical companies. Encephalitis International (of whom A.E. is Chief Executive) does receive grants, expenses, and honoraria from a range of corporate partners, including the sponsor of this study (Pfizer) and other pharmaceutical companies involved in tick-borne encephalitis. J.S. received consulting fees from Pfizer. F.S. served on the scientific advisory board on Lyme disease serological diagnostics for Roche, served on the scientific advisory board on Lyme disease and panel on TBE for Pfizer, and is an unpaid member of the steering committee of the ESCMID Study Group on Lyme Borreliosis/ESGBOR. M.V. has received consultancy funding from Bavarian Nordic and Pfizer Vaccines. D.Z. declares a research grant within the Research Collaboration to Rıga Stradinš University (employer) from Pfizer Vaccines. U.K.M.-L has received consulting and lecture fees from Pfizer and Biogen. G.D., G.K., L.K., J.K., and J.Z. have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: While approaches for utilizing student course evaluations (SCEs) have been discussed in the literature, there remain opportunities to identify ideal practices for SCEs. Thus, the objective of this project was to generate consensus on best practices in creating, administering, and using SCEs., Methods: A modified Delphi approach was utilized to generate a set of items based on the literature and prior work. Experts were identified from different roles, institution types, and geographic regions to participate in the panel. Consensus-building rounds were performed until no new ideas were introduced using an electronic survey platform. Data were analyzed descriptively in each round., Results: After the second round, 47 items met consensus. Key recommendations included enhanced training of students to provide feedback, transparency with students on how feedback is utilized, using SCEs as one element of data sources, and the importance of ensuring intentional approaches based on theoretical constructs used in the field of course evaluation., Conclusion: This Delphi study established consensus on approaches programs can use to optimize SCEs, according to experts from across the academy. Though some items are very specific, there are opportunities for individualization based on program priorities., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None declared., (Copyright © 2024 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is an ultrarare inherited disorder. Genetic testing is not always feasible or conclusive. European clinicians developed a "FCS score" to differentiate between FCS and multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS), a more common condition with overlapping features. A diagnostic score has not been developed for use in the North American context., Objective: To develop and validate a diagnostic score for North American patients based on signs, symptoms and biochemical traits of FCS., Methods: Using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process, we convened ten US/Canadian physicians with experience recognizing and treating FCS and one adult patient with FCS. The panel developed and rated 296 scenarios describing patients with FCS. Linear regression analyses used median post-meeting ratings to develop score parameters. We tested the score's sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) in patients with classical FCS, functional FCS, and MCS from Western University's Lipid Genetics Clinic's registry., Results: Numerical scores were attributed based upon the following: age, hypertriglyceridemia onset, body mass index, history of abdominal pain/pancreatitis, presence of secondary factors, triglyceride (TG) levels, ratio of TG/total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B level. Scores ≥60 indicate definite classical FCS; the score distinguished patients with FCS from MCS in a real-world registry (100.0 % specificity, 66.7 % sensitivity, 100.0 % PPV, 95.5 % NPV). Scores ≥45 were "very likely" to have classical FCS (96.9 % specificity, 88.9 % sensitivity)., Conclusion: Given its simplicity and high specificity for distinguishing patients with FCS from MCS, the NAFCS Score could be used in lieu of - or while awaiting - genetic testing to optimize treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest RAH reports grants or contracts from Ionis, Arrowhead, Novartis, Amryt; consulting fees from Arrowhead, Amgen, Acasti Pharma, Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Akcea Therapeutics/Ionis Pharmaceuticals, HLS Therapeutics, Medison, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Ultragenyx; honoraria from Amgen, Sanofi, HLS Therapeutics, and Ionis; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Novartis. ZA reports institutional grants or contracts from the U.S. Department of Defense, the NIH, Ionis; honorarium from Ionis. AA reports grants or contracts from Aegerion, BioMarin, and NIDDK, and honorarium from Ionis. AB (Western University) reports honorarium from Ionis. ABaldassarra reports no conflicts of interest. ABrown reports consulting fees from Pfizer, Amgen, Novartis, Ionis, Esperion, and Amarin; payment or honoraria from Amgen, Regeneron, Esperion, Amarin, Zoll/Itamar. AC reports honoraria from CME Outfitters and Ionis, consulting fees LIB therapeutics. SF reports honorarium from Ionis. BK reports honorarium from Ionis. MM reports consulting fees from Amarin Corporation, 89bio, Ionis. BK reports honoraria from Ionis. MM reports consulting fees from Amarin Corporation, 89bio, and Ionis. NP reports consulting fees from Amryt Pharmaceuticals Inc. for advisory board and from Ionis; honoraria from Amryt Pharmaceuticals Inc. DES reports consulting fees from Amryt, Akcea, Ionis, Novartis, Regeneron, GenInCode; participation on a data safety monitoring board of advisory board for Amgen; contracted research with Amgen, Amryt, Ionis, Novartis, Verve, Heartflow, PCORI, NIH; leadership or fiduciary role as President, National Lipid Association and Director, Philadelphia Lipid Atherosclerosis Club. JW has no disclosures to report. MSB, EC, IY, CC, SNG are employees of PHAR, which was paid by Ionis Pharmaceuticals to conduct the research described in this article. PHAR also discloses financial relationships with the following entities outside of the submitted work: AbbVie, Akcea, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boston Scientific Corporation, Eisai, Ethicon, Genentech, Gilead, Novartis, Otsuka, Pfizer, Recordati, Regeneron, Sanofi US Services, Sunovion, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Abstract Background Non-dystrophic myotonias (NDMs) comprise muscle chloride and sodium channelopathies due to genetic defects of the CLCN1- and SCN4A-channels. No licensed antimyotonic treatment has been available until approval of mexiletine (NaMuscla®) for adult patients by the EMA in December 2018. This Delphi panel aimed to understand how outcomes of the pivotal phase III Mexiletine study (MYOMEX) translate to real world practice and investigate health resource use, quality of life and the natural history of NDM to support economic modelling and facilitate patient access. Methods Nine clinical experts in treating NDM took part in a two-round Delphi panel. Their knowledge of NDM and previous use of mexiletine as an off-label treatment prior to NaMuscla’s approval ensured they could provide both qualitative context and quantitative estimates to support economic modelling comparing mexiletine (NaMuscla) to best supportive care. Consensus in four key areas was sought: healthcare resource utilization (HRU), treatment with mexiletine (NaMuscla), patient quality of life (QoL), and the natural history of disease. Concept questions were also asked, considering perceptions on the feasibility of mapping the validated Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life (INQoL) instrument to the generic EQ-5D™, and the potential impact on caregiver QoL. Results Consensus was achieved for key questions including the average long-term dosage of mexiletine (NaMuscla) in practice, the criteria for eligibility of myotonia treatment, the clinical importance of QoL outcomes in MYOMEX, the higher proportion of patients with increased QoL, and the reduction in the need for mental health resources for patients receiving mexiletine (NaMuscla). While consensus was not achieved for other questions, the results demonstrated that most experts felt mexiletine (NaMuscla) reduced the need for HRU and was expected to improve QoL. The QoL mapping exercise suggested that it is feasible to map domains of INQoL to EQ-5D. Points of interest for future research were identified, including that mexiletine (NaMuscla) may slow the annual decrease in QoL of patients over their lifetime, and a significant negative impact on QoL for some caregivers. Conclusions This project successfully provided data from an informed group of clinical experts, complementing the currently available clinical trial data for mexiletine (NaMuscla) to support patient access decisions.

During the last 20 years, there has been an increased interest among academics and practitioners in the area of business incubation. However, limited attention has been devoted to developing a comprehensive framework that can measure business incubators' performances. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an appropriate, robust and useable performance framework. In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework using a weighted fuzzy inference system for business incubation centres' (BIC) performance measurement. The proposed approach utilises the input of a Delphi panel to identify criteria and subcriteria. Then a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used to weigh the criteria. Subsequently, a weighted fuzzy inference system is developed and applied to provide results based on the identified criteria and subcriteria. To show the proficiency and applicability of the proposed framework, a case study of Irish BICs is applied. The comprehensive performance measurement framework presented in this paper provides for accurate evaluation and monitoring across six criteria. The six criteria are facilities and infrastructure; clients; networking and marketing; products and services; finance; and human capital. The results show that although most of the BICs focus on facilities and infrastructure, there is a need to concentrate more on factors such as networking, marketing and finance. The detailed approach presented in this paper can be used by academics and practitioners who wish to apply fuzzy inference systems to performance measurement. In addition, the results from our pilot can be used by BIC managers and policymakers to improve performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objectives: We aimed to build a national consensus to optimize the use of oral corticosteroids (OCS) in severe asthma in Portugal. Material and methods: A modified 3-round Delphi including 65 statements (topics on chronic systemic corticotherapy, therapeutic schemes, asthma safety and monitoring) was performed via online platform (October-November 2019). A five-point Likert-type scale was used (1-‘strongly disagree’; 5-‘strongly agree’). Consensus threshold was established as a percentage of agreement among participants ≥90% in the 1st round and ≥85% in the 2nd and 3rd rounds. The level of consensus achieved by the panel was discussed with the participants (face-to-face meeting). Results: Forty-eight expert physicians in severe asthma (specialists in allergology and pulmonology) participated in the study. Almost half of the statements (28/65; 43.1%) obtained positive consensus by the end of round one. By the end of the exercise, 12 (18.5%) statements did not achieve consensus. Overall, 87% of physicians agree that further actions for OCS cumulative risk assessment in acute asthma exacerbations are needed. The vast majority (91.7%) demonstrated a favorable perception for using biological agents whenever patients are eligible. Most participants (95.8%) are more willing to accept some degree of lung function deterioration compared to other outcomes (worsening of symptoms, quality of life) when reducing OCS dose. Monitoring patients’ comorbidities was rated as imperative by all experts. Conclusions: : These results can guide an update on asthma management in Portugal and should be supplemented by studies on therapy access, patients’ adherence, and costs.

Consensus among academic scholars and practitioners has grown on the principle that established food safety management systems (to control and assure food safety in food businesses) need to be complemented by human components, to develop, nurture and shape a mature food safety culture. This study explores how food safety culture, focused on human organizational elements, can be matured by dedicated interventions. A database of potential intervention strategies was set up through literature reviews. The literature-based database of interventions was enriched with practitioners' insights, through a modified Delphi study with a panel of food safety experts active in the food industry. Combining results, a portfolio is presented consisting of 68 unique and science-based food safety culture interventions. These are ranked by stakeholders based on their perceived effectiveness to improve food safety culture, reported with their most relevant barriers of success, and extra comments concerning their implementation or concept. With this approach, the topic of food safety culture improvement is elucidated through the proposition of tangible and science-based, yet practical and industry oriented, intervention strategies for maturation. [Display omitted] • A database of interventions was set up through two scoping reviews. • Interventions were enriched with practitioners' insights through a Delphi study. • Interventions are ranked and reported with their most relevant barriers. • A portfolio of 68 science-based food safety culture interventions is presented. • The portfolio presented can help FBOs to improve food safety culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Automated self-scheduling may benefit healthcare organizations, yet uptake has been slow. The aim of this study was to develop a consensus statement regarding the organizational-level determinants of implementation success based on the collective knowledge of experts. A three- stage modified Delphi method was used to reach consensus on the top determinants of implementation of self-scheduling solutions by healthcare organizations. A panel of 53 experts representing 41 academic health systems identified barriers and facilitators involving the organization's inner and outing settings, as well as the characteristics of the intervention and the individuals engaged in the solution. Offering convenience for patients is the leading enabler for organizations to implement the technology. The consensus may aid healthcare organizations and suppliers engaged in adopting and developing self-scheduling technology to improve implementation success. Further research is recommended to diagnose and examine each barrier and facilitator and how these factors interact. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a consensus statement regarding the determinants of implementation success based on the collective knowledge of experts working in the field. Methods: A Delphi panel was constructed based on selected participants employed by academic health systems and experienced with self-scheduling implementation. Panelists were recruited based on participation in an educational event that featured the topic. Purposive and snowball sampling were used. Panelists participated in surveys collected over three rounds. An 80 percent agreement among panelists and interquartile range (IQR) <1 determined the barriers and facilitators. The top-10 determinants were presented in rank order. Results: Between January 6, 2021, and May 26, 2021, 53 panelists representing 41 academic health systems participated in three rounds of surveys to reach consensus on the barriers and facilitators to implementation of self-scheduling by healthcare organizations in the United States. In round one, panelists documented 530 determinants. In round two, the determinants were grouped into 72 barriers and 85 facilitators, each of which participants rated on a five-point Likert scale. Fifteen determinants met the 80 percent threshold and 1.0 IQR. The final round concluded with a top-10, rank-ordered listing of determinants (seven facilitators and three barriers) that also incorporated a median rating score using five-point Likert scale. Conclusion: A three-stage modified Delphi method was used to reach consensus on the top determinants of implementation of self-scheduling solutions by academic health systems. The consensus may aid healthcare organizations and suppliers engaged in adopting and developing self-scheduling technology to improve implementation success. Further research is recommended to diagnose and examine each barrier and facilitator and how these factors interact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although trust is one of the most widespread and studied constructs in marketing and management, its definition, versatility and different application areas may have fostered a certain dispersion when measuring this concept. Despite the increasing importance of blogs, specific scales for, and measures of, trust have not been considered in the literature. This paper proposes a scale to measure online trust in the blog domain (Blog Trust Scale, BTS) through the development of an international Delphi panel consisting of 14 experts from 5 different countries. As a result, we have developed a solid measurement instrument of online trust in blogs, composed of 12 items and tested in four different countries.

Abstract Background Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) are health conditions for which adequate management, treatment and interventions delivered in the ambulatory care setting could potentially prevent hospitalization. Which conditions are sensitive to ambulatory care varies according to the scope of health care services and the context in which the indicator is used. The need for a country-specific validated list for Portugal has already been identified, but currently no national list exists. The objective of this study was to develop a list of Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions for Portugal. Methods A modified web-based Delphi panel approach was designed, in order to determine which conditions can be considered ACSCs in the Portuguese adult population. The selected experts were general practitioners and internal medicine physicians identified by the most relevant Portuguese scientific societies. Experts were presented with previously identified ACSC and asked to select which could be accepted in the Portuguese context. They were also asked to identify other conditions they considered relevant. We estimated the number and cost of ACSC hospitalizations in 2017 in Portugal according to the identified conditions. Results After three rounds the experts agreed on 34 of the 45 initially proposed items. Fourteen new conditions were proposed and four achieved consensus, namely uterine cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, thromboembolic venous disease and voluntary termination of pregnancy. In 2017 133,427 hospitalizations were for ACSC (15.7% of all hospitalizations). This represents a rate of 1685 per 100,000 adults. The most frequent diagnosis were pneumonia, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/chronic bronchitis, urinary tract infection, colorectal cancer, hypertensive disease atrial fibrillation and complications of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions New ACSC were identified. It is expected that this list could be used henceforward by epidemiologic studies, health services research and for healthcare management purposes. ACSC lists should be updated frequently. Further research is necessary to increase the specificity of ACSC hospitalizations as an indicator of healthcare performance.

Background: Integrating patient and community input is essential to the relevance and impact of patient-focused research. However, specific techniques for generating patient and community-informed research decisions remain limited. Here, we describes a novel CASCADE method (Community-Engaged Approach for Scientific Collaborations and Decisions) that was developed and implemented to make actionable, patient-centered research decisions during a federally funded clinical trial., Methods: The CASCADE approach includes 7 key pillars: (1) identifying a shared, specific, and actionable goal; (2) centering community input; (3) integrating both pre-registered statistical analyses and exploratory "quests"; (4) fixed-pace scheduling, supported by technology; (5) minimizing opportunities for cognitive biases typical to group decision making; (6) centering diversity experiences and perspectives, including those of individual patients; (7) making decisions that are community-relevant, rigorous, and feasible. Here, we implemented these pillars within a three-day CASCADE panel, attended by diverse members of a research project team that included community interest-holders. The goal of our panel was to identify ways to improve an algorithm for matching patients to specific types of telehealth programs within an active, federally funded clinical trial., Results: The CASCADE panel was attended by 27 participants, including 5 community interest-holders. Data reviewed to generate hypotheses and make decisions included (1) pre-registered statistical analyses, (2) results of 12 "quests" that were launched during the panel to answer specific panelist questions via exploratory analyses or literature review, (3) qualitative and quantitative patient input, and (4) team member input, including by staff who represented the target patient population for the clinical trial. Panel procedures resulted in the generation of 18 initial and 12 final hypotheses, which were translated to 19 decisional changes., Conclusions: The CASCADE approach was an effective procedure for rapidly, efficiently making patient-centered decisions during an ongoing, federally funded clinical trial. Opportunities for further development will include exploring best-practice structural procedures, enhancing greater opportunities for pre-panel input by community interest-holders, and determining how to best standardize CASCADE outputs., Trial Registration: The CASCADE procedure was developed in the context of NCT05999448., Competing Interests: Declarations Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Background: Non-dystrophic myotonias (NDMs) comprise muscle chloride and sodium channelopathies due to genetic defects of the CLCN1- and SCN4A-channels. No licensed antimyotonic treatment has been available until approval of mexiletine (NaMuscla®) for adult patients by the EMA in December 2018. This Delphi panel aimed to understand how outcomes of the pivotal phase III Mexiletine study (MYOMEX) translate to real world practice and investigate health resource use, quality of life and the natural history of NDM to support economic modelling and facilitate patient access.Methods: Nine clinical experts in treating NDM took part in a two-round Delphi panel. Their knowledge of NDM and previous use of mexiletine as an off-label treatment prior to NaMuscla's approval ensured they could provide both qualitative context and quantitative estimates to support economic modelling comparing mexiletine (NaMuscla) to best supportive care. Consensus in four key areas was sought: healthcare resource utilization (HRU), treatment with mexiletine (NaMuscla), patient quality of life (QoL), and the natural history of disease. Concept questions were also asked, considering perceptions on the feasibility of mapping the validated Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life (INQoL) instrument to the generic EQ-5D™, and the potential impact on caregiver QoL.Results: Consensus was achieved for key questions including the average long-term dosage of mexiletine (NaMuscla) in practice, the criteria for eligibility of myotonia treatment, the clinical importance of QoL outcomes in MYOMEX, the higher proportion of patients with increased QoL, and the reduction in the need for mental health resources for patients receiving mexiletine (NaMuscla). While consensus was not achieved for other questions, the results demonstrated that most experts felt mexiletine (NaMuscla) reduced the need for HRU and was expected to improve QoL. The QoL mapping exercise suggested that it is feasible to map domains of INQoL to EQ-5D. Points of interest for future research were identified, including that mexiletine (NaMuscla) may slow the annual decrease in QoL of patients over their lifetime, and a significant negative impact on QoL for some caregivers.Conclusions: This project successfully provided data from an informed group of clinical experts, complementing the currently available clinical trial data for mexiletine (NaMuscla) to support patient access decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of this study was to understand the potential use of single agents and drug combinations in multiple myeloma (MM) across treatment lines in the years 2021 and 2023. Methods: The method used was Delphi Panel Method survey, administered to European Myeloma Network (EMN) Italy Working Group centres. Future treatments were identified assessing all available web-based information sources, including therapies (single drugs or combinations) with strong evidence of efficacy, likely to be on the Italian market in 2021 and 2023. Participants were asked to report on the likelihood of prescription for MM therapies, across treatment lines. Results: Across the 15 centres taking part in the survey, about 890 patients per year are forecasted to receive a new diagnosis of MM. In 2021, the Panel forecasted 66% of 1L-TE (transplant eligible) patients will be treated with bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTD) and 32% of patients with daratumumab-bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone (DVTd), with a substantial decrease of VTD (15%) and a marked increase of DVTd (81%) forecasted for 2023. The 2L and 3L R(lenalidomide)-based combination treatments are expected to drop and will likely be substituted by a steep increase in P(pomalidomide)-based regimes (from 7% to 23%). On the contrary, in 3L treatment, all combination therapies (with the exception of IsaPd – isatuximab-pomalidomide-dexamethasone) are expected to lose market share in favour of the most recent new therapies. Conclusions: Expert Panel agrees that many different new drugs and combinations will be used in MM, with different mechanisms of action, both at diagnosis and in subsequent phases of the disease, with a corresponding decline of the drugs currently used.