1. Polarized x-rays from a magnetar
- Author
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Roberto Taverna, Roberto Turolla, Fabio Muleri, Jeremy Heyl, Silvia Zane, Luca Baldini, Denis González-Caniulef, Matteo Bachetti, John Rankin, Ilaria Caiazzo, Niccolò Di Lalla, Victor Doroshenko, Manel Errando, Ephraim Gau, Demet Kırmızıbayrak, Henric Krawczynski, Michela Negro, Mason Ng, Nicola Omodei, Andrea Possenti, Toru Tamagawa, Keisuke Uchiyama, Martin C. Weisskopf, Ivan Agudo, Lucio A. Antonelli, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stefano Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez, Niccolò Bucciantini, Fiamma Capitanio, Simone Castellano, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Stefano Ciprini, Enrico Costa, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Laura Di Gesu, Alessandro Di Marco, Immacolata Donnarumma, Michal Dovčiak, Steven R. Ehlert, Teruaki Enoto, Yuri Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Javier A. Garcia, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Wataru Iwakiri, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Vladimir Karas, Takao Kitaguchi, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Fabio La Monaca, Luca Latronico, Ioannis Liodakis, Simone Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Frédéric Marin, Andrea Marinucci, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall, Giorgio Matt, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Stephen C.-Y. Ng, Stephen L. O’Dell, Chiara Oppedisano, Alessandro Papitto, George G. Pavlov, Abel L. Peirson, Matteo Perri, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Maura Pilia, Juri Poutanen, Simonetta Puccetti, Brian D. Ramsey, Ajay Ratheesh, Roger W. Romani, Carmelo Sgrò, Patrick Slane, Paolo Soffitta, Gloria Spandre, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Yuzuru Tawara, Allyn F. Tennant, Nicholas E. Thomas, Francesco Tombesi, Alessio Trois, Sergey S. Tsygankov, Jacco Vink, Kinwah Wu, Fei Xie, Taverna, Roberto, Turolla, Roberto, Muleri, Fabio, Heyl, Jeremy, Zane, Silvia, Baldini, Luca, González-Caniulef, Deni, Bachetti, Matteo, Rankin, John, Caiazzo, Ilaria, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Doroshenko, Victor, Errando, Manel, Gau, Ephraim, Kırmızıbayrak, Demet, Krawczynski, Henric, Negro, Michela, Ng, Mason, Omodei, Nicola, Possenti, Andrea, Tamagawa, Toru, Uchiyama, Keisuke, Weisskopf, Martin C., Agudo, Ivan, Antonelli, Lucio A., Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Di Marco, Alessandro, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Dovčiak, Michal, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Iwakiri, Wataru, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Karas, Vladimir, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Liodakis, Ioanni, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Ng, Stephen C. -Y., O’Dell, Stephen L., Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Pilia, Maura, Poutanen, Juri, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Ratheesh, Ajay, Romani, Roger W., Sgrò, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Vink, Jacco, Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Multidisciplinary ,Settore FIS/05 ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Full list of authors: Taverna, Roberto; Turolla, Roberto; Muleri, Fabio; Heyl, Jeremy; Zane, Silvia; Baldini, Luca; Gonzalez-Caniulef, Denis; Bachetti, Matteo; Rankin, John; Caiazzo, Ilaria; Di Lalla, Niccolo; Doroshenko, Victor; Errando, Manel; Gau, Ephraim; Kirmizibayrak, Demet; Krawczynski, Henric; Negro, Michela; Ng, Mason; Omodei, Nicola; Possenti, Andrea; Tamagawa, Toru; Uchiyama, Keisuke; Weisskopf, Martin C.; Agudo, Ivan; Antonelli, Lucio A.; Baumgartner, Wayne H.; Bellazzini, Ronaldo; Bianchi, Stefano; Bongiorno, Stephen D.; Bonino, Raffaella; Brez, Alessandro; Bucciantini, Niccolo; Capitanio, Fiamma; Castellano, Simone; Cavazzuti, Elisabetta; Ciprini, Stefano; Costa, Enrico; De Rosa, Alessandra; Del Monte, Ettore; Di Gesu, Laura; Di Marco, Alessandro; Donnarumma, Immacolata; Doviak, Michal; Ehlert, Steven R.; Enoto, Teruaki; Evangelista, Yuri; Fabiani, Sergio; Ferrazzoli, Riccardo; Garcia, Javier A.; Gunji, Shuichi; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Iwakiri, Wataru; Jorstad, Svetlana G.; Karas, Vladimir; Kitaguchi, Takao; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; La Monaca, Fabio; Latronico, Luca; Liodakis, Ioannis; Maldera, Simone; Manfreda, Alberto; Marin, Frederic; Marinucci, Andrea; Marscher, Alan P.; Marshall, Herman L.; Matt, Giorgio; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Ng, Stephen C-Y; O'Dell, Stephen L.; Oppedisano, Chiara; Papitto, Alessandro; Pavlov, George G.; Peirson, Abel L.; Perri, Matteo; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa; Pilia, Maura; Poutanen, Juri; Puccetti, Simonetta; Ramsey, Brian D.; Ratheesh, Ajay; Romani, Roger W.; Sgro, Carmelo; Slane, Patrick; Soffitta, Paolo; Spandre, Gloria; Tavecchio, Fabrizio; Tawara, Yuzuru; Tennant, Allyn F.; Thomas, Nicolas E.; Tombesi, Francesco; Trois, Alessio; Tsygankov, Sergey; Vink, Jacco; Wu, Kinwah; Xie, Fei., Magnetars are neutron stars with ultrastrong magnetic fields, which can be observed in x-rays. Polarization measurements could provide information on their magnetic fields and surface properties. We observed polarized x-rays from the magnetar 4U 0142+61 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer and found a linear polarization degree of 13.5 ± 0.8% averaged over the 2– to 8–kilo–electron volt band. The polarization changes with energy: The degree is 15.0 ± 1.0% at 2 to 4 kilo–electron volts, drops below the instrumental sensitivity ~4 to 5 kilo–electron volts, and rises to 35.2 ± 7.1% at 5.5 to 8 kilo–electron volts. The polarization angle also changes by 90° at ~4 to 5 kilo–electron volts. These results are consistent with a model in which thermal radiation from the magnetar surface is reprocessed by scattering off charged particles in the magnetosphere. © 2022 The Authors., R.Ta. and R.Tu. acknowledge financial support from the Italian MUR through grant PRIN 2017LJ39LM. J.H., D.G.-C., I.C., and D.K. acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), funding reference number 5007110, and the Canadian Space Agency. D.G.-C. is a Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysical (CITA) National Fellow (grant no. CITA 490888-16). E.G. and H.K. acknowledge NASA support under grants 80NSSC18K0264, 80NSSC22K1291, 80NSSC21K1817, and NNX16AC24G. M.Ne. acknowledges support from NASA under award 80GSFC21M0002. T.T. was supported by grant JSPS KAKENHI JP19H05609. F.Mu., J.R., S.B., E.Co., E.D.M., A.D.M., Y.E., S.F., R.F., F.L.M., G.M., M.Pe., A.R., P.So., and A.T. were supported by ASI and INAF under grants ASI-INAF-2017-12-H0 and ASI-INAF-2022-14-HH.0. L.B., L.L., R.Be., R.Bo., A.B., S.Ca., S.M., A.Mar., C.O., M.P.-R., C.S., and G.S. were supported by ASI and INFN under grants ASI-INFN-2017.13-H0 and ASI-INFN-2021-43-HH.0., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.
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- 2022