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Amaç:. Bu çalışmada varyant B.1.1.7 pozitif ve negatif SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda akut böbrek hasarı gelişimi ve mortalite oranlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya varyant B.1.1.7 negatif 92 (grup I) ve 57 varyant B.1.1.7 pozitif 57 (grup II) SARS-CoV-2 hastası dahil edildi. Her hastanın demografik verileri, komorbiditeleri, yoğun bakım yatış gün sayıları, invaziv mekanik ventilatör ihtiyacı, mekanik ventilatör gün sayısı, akut böbrek yetmezliği gelişip gelişmediği, gelişti ise kaçıncı günde akut böbrek yetmezliği geliştiği ve tedavinin sonlanım şekilleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Grup II hastalara 17/57 (29.8%) grup I hastalara 31/92 (33.7%) göre daha fazla oranda akut böbrek hasarı gelişti (p=0.04). Grup I’de 46/92 (50 %) grup II’de 38/57 (66.7%) hasta hasta invaziv mekanik ventilasyon desteğine alındı (p

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection might have a higher mortality rate in patients with end-stage renal disease due to immunosuppression. This study investigates the mortality rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the factors affecting mortality among patients who were on maintenance hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.A total of 200 patients, including 157 maintenance hemodialysis and 43 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients followed in our hospital, were included in the study. The patients' sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the previous year, death event, source of death (SARS-CoV-2 or not), presence of hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, need for intensive care unit, need for ventilatory support in intensive care unit were obtained from the clinical file records.85 of the 200 patients had a history of SARS-Cov-2 infection during the last 12 months. Forty-two (49.5%) patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were hospitalized. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 had longer dialysis time, increased mortality, and significantly higher comorbidities such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure. Besides, heart failure and hypertension were the determining factors in the risk factor analysis for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In dialysis patients, the mortality rate in the last year, due to all causes, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, was 23% while the mortality rate due to "SARS-CoV-2 infection only" was 13%) (p0.05). Our findings are important in guiding clinical decision-making and informing the public and health authorities about the risk of death associated with COVID-19 in this patient group.

Introduction: Depression and sleep disturbance are prevalent comorbidities in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depressive mood, sleep disturbance, and the fear of COVID-19 Scale in hemodialysis patients during the pandemic process. Material and Method: 116 hemodialysis patients followed up in our clinic and volunteered were included in the study. The socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and the laboratory test results studied in their routine follow-ups were obtained from the file records. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) were applied through face-to-face interviews. Results: 116 patients (70 males, 46 females) with a hemodialysis duration of 40 months (13-295) and age of 60.2±13.3 years were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their PSQI score as good sleeper (PSQI ≤ 5, n=66) and poor sleeper (PSQI >5, n=50). When evaluated by gender 28 (56%) female patients were in the poor sleeper group (p=0.002). Dialysis time was longer, BDI score and FCV-19 scale were higher in the poor sleeper group than the good sleeper group. PSQI score was positively correlated with dialysis time (r=0.259 p=0.005), BDI score (r=0.279 p=0.002), and FCV-19 scale (r=0.304 p=0.001). In the Multiple Logistic Regression analysis established to evaluate the risk factors affecting sleep quality, BDI was determined as an independent risk factor for poor sleep (OR: 1.084, 95%CI [1.021-1.152], p=0.008). Subjects were divided into two groups according to their BDI scores as those with depressive mood (BDI score ≥ 17, n=47) (40.5%) and those without (BDI score < 17, n=69) (59.5%). Thirty-two of the cases with depressive mood were women (68.1%) (p

WOS: 000525954500003 PubMed: 31887852 Background/aim: Deficient levels of vitamin D are an important factor in the pathogenesis of some neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression status and sleep disorders of patients on dialysis. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 121 hemodialysis patients were enrolled. All patients had been on hemodialysis for at least six months at the time of the study. Sleep quality and depression status were measured by using specific inventories. All the patients filled out Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and gave blood samples. Vitamin D levels were measured for 121 patients, and statistical analysis was done by using SPSS. Results: Regression analyses demonstrated that low levels of 25(OH)D and high BDI score were independent risk factors for poor sleep quality [ORs were 0.668 (0.566-0.789), 1.080 (1.001-1.164), and 1.080 (1.001-1.164), respectively]. Conclusion: Our results suggest that deficiency of 25(OH)D is an important independent risk factor for poor sleep quality in hemodialysis patients.

Çelik tüp içine beton doldurulmuş (ÇTBD) kirişlerin özellikle yüksek yapılarda ve köprü kirişlerinde kullanımı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Ancak, son yıllarda normal ve paslanmaz çelik yerine daha hafif ve ucuz olan alüminyum tüp içine beton doldurulmuş (ATBD) kirişler inşaat uygulamalarında yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı çelik lif katkılı dikdörtgen en kesitli ATBD kirişlerin moment ve süneklik kapasitelerinin incelenmesidir. Çelik liflerin hacimsel lif oranları %0,5 ve %1,5 olarak, alüminyum tüp et kalınlıkları ise 2 ve 4 mm olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, içi boş alüminyum tüplerin içine beton doldurulmasının ATBD kirişlerin dayanım ve süneklik kapasitelerini önemli oranda artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Çelik liflerin ATBD kirişlerin moment kapasitelerini arttırmada etkileri oldukça sınırlıyken, ATBD kirişlerin süneklik kapasitelerini arttırmada çok daha fazla etkili oldukları görülmüştür. Ayrıca, çelik lif hacimsel oranı %0,5’den %1,5’a çıkarıldığı zaman ATBD kirişlerin daha fazla elastik ötesi deformasyon yaptıkları ve bundan dolayı süneklik kapasitesindeki artışların daha belirgin olduğu belirlenmiştir, Nowadays, the use of concrete filled steel tube (CFST) beams is increasing especially in high structures and bridge beams. However, concrete filled aluminum tube (CFAT) beams that are lighter and cheaper than normal and stainless steel, are widely used in construction applications in recent years. The aim of this study is to examine the moment and ductility capacities of steel fiber reinforced rectangular CFAT beams. The volumetric ratios of steel fibers were selected as 0.5% and 1.5% and aluminum tube wall thicknesses were chosen as 2 and 4 mm. The results show that filling concrete into hollow aluminum tubes significantly increase the strength and ductility capacities of CFAT beams. While the effects of steel fibers in increasing the moment capacity of CFAT beams are quite limited, it has been observed that they are much more effective in enhancing the ductility capacity of CFAT beams. In addition, when the steel fiber ratio was increased from 0.5% to 1.5%, it was obtained that CFAT beams exhibit more inelastic deformation and therefore the increase in ductility capacity was more pronounced.

WOS: 000491671200074, The main aim of this study is to compare the axial load, ductility, and toughness capacities of square concrete-filled carbon steel (CFCST), stainless steel (CFSST) and aluminum tube (CFAT) columns filled with plain concrete, single (steel) and hybrid (steel + synthetic) fiber-reinforced concrete under axial compression. To this end, the enhancement in axial load, ductility and toughness capacities of steel and hybrid fiber-reinforced CFCST, CFSST, and CFAT columns were obtained with regard to fiber volume ratio (0.5 and 1.5%), compressive strength of concrete (30 and 70 MPa) and the steel tube thickness (2, 3 and 4 mm). A total of 99 hollow, steel and hybrid fiber-reinforced CFCST, CFSST, and CFAT columns were tested under axial compression. the results showed that although the use of steel and synthetic fibers in single and hybrid form is very limited for enhancement of the axial load capacities of CFAT, CFCST and CFSST columns, the enhancement in ductility and post-peak toughness capacities are notable especially for CFCST and CFSST columns. However, the effects of steel and synthetic fibers on post-cracking behavior of the CFAT columns are not significant due to early rupture of AL tubes that cause highly brittle behavior after first peak load. in addition to this, the use of steel and synthetic fibers in hybrid form is slightly better at improving the ductility and toughness capacities of most of the CFAT, CFCST and CFSST columns than the use of steel fibers in single form., Department of Scientific Research Projects of University of Van Yiiztincii Yll, Turkey [8355], This study was supported by the Department of Scientific Research Projects of University of Van Yiiztincii Yll, Turkey with the project ID 8355.

Son dönemlerde ekonomi literatüründe mali genişlemelerin çıktı düzeyinde yarattığı etkinin ülkelere ve ekonomik konjentüre göre değişiklik gösterdiği konusu üzerinde sıklıkla durulmaktadır. Araştırmacılar, mali çarpanı tahmin etmeye çalışırken model tabanlı yaklaşımları veya varyans analizine dayalı istatistiksel metotları sıklıkla kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mevcut metotlara alternatif olarak sunulan Kova Yaklaşımı kullanılarak 2002-2016 yıllarında Türkiye ekonomisindeki mali çarpanın büyüklüğü ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulguların Türkiye için yapılan diğer çalışmalarla benzerlik taşıdığı görülmektedir.

MAterIAl and MetHODS: We included 25 patients in the study; 18 patients developed ARF (72%) and underwent continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (Group I) and 7 patients had stable renal function (28%) (Group II). We retrospectively retrieved demographic variables; clinical, perioperative, postoperative complications and echocardiographic data; and biochemical parameters at the time of the surgery and six months later.

This paper proposes new strength models to predict compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths of steel, synthetic and hybrid fiber reinforced concretes. The strength models depending on fiber reinforcing index, concrete compressive strength, and fiber volume fraction have been developed by multiple regression analyses of the experimental results obtained from a comprehensive experimental program. Twenty-five concrete batches, one control and 24 fiber reinforced concrete with target compressive strength of 40MPa were produced. Steel and synthetic fibers, namely hooked-end steel (HF) and polyamide (PA) synthetic fibers of total volume of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% were added in single and hybrid forms to concrete mixes. Moreover, the predictions of the proposed strength models have been compared with the existing strength models in the literature. The test results clearly showed that the predictions of the proposed strength models are more accurate than the existing strength models for compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths of all the fiber types. Although the existing strength models may be applicable to the prediction of compressive strength of steel, synthetic, hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), they may not be safely used for splitting tensile and flexural strength of steel, synthetic and hybrid FRC.

WOS: 000464483600023, The main purpose of this study was to examine the moment, ductility and toughness capacities of steel and hybrid (steel + synthetic) fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC)-filled square aluminum (AL), carbon steel (CS) and stainless steel (SS) tube beams subjected to four-point-in-plane bending. A total of 9 hollow, 18 plain and 72 steel and hybrid FRC-filled AL, CS, and SS beams were tested under four-pointbending until failure. the effects of the steel tube thickness (2, 3 and 4 mm), fiber type (steel and hybrid), fiber volume ratio (0.5% and 1.5%), and the compressive strength of concrete (30 and 70 MPa) on the moment, ductility and flexural toughness capacity of low- and high-strength steel and hybrid FRC-filled AL, CS and SS beams were examined. the results showed that while the steel and hybrid fibers considerably increased the ductility and toughness capacities of the AL, CS and SS beams, they did not significantly contribute to their moment capacities. When compared to plain concrete filled AL, CS and SS beams, although the greatest increase in the moment capacities of the 1.5% steel and hybrid FRC-filled AL, CS and SS beams were only 7.65%, 2.88%, 2.28% and 9.12%, 3.68%, 12.1%, respectively for 70 MPa compressive strength of concrete, the increase in ductility capacities of these beams were 26.6%, 64.3%, 95.2% and 29.9%, 85.9%, 98.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the increase in pre-peak and post-peak energy absorption capacities of 1.5% steel and hybrid FRC-filled AL CS, and SS beams were obtained as 7.86%, 3.26%, 6.30% and 26.57%, 38.38%, 53.44%, respectively for 70 MPa compressive strength of concrete. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Department of Scientific Research Projects of Yuzuncu Yil University; Van, Turkey [6428], This study was supported by the Department of Scientific Research Projects of Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey with the project ID 6428.

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are widely used in construction of high-rise buildings and peers of bridges to increase the lateral stiffness of the buildings, the axial load capacity, ductility, toughness, and resistance of corrosion of the columns. The CFST columns have much superior characteristics compared with traditionally reinforced concrete columns. The position of the concrete and steel tube in the cross-section of the CFST column is the most appropriate solution in terms of the strength and ductility. The steel tube, which is placed outside of the cross-section of the column, withstand the bending moment effectively. The concrete that is placed into the steel tube delay the local buckling of the steel tube and increase the axial load capacity of the column due to continually lateral confining. This paper presents a review on experimental results of the axial behavior of CFST columns performed by various researchers.

Because of the easy applying and not costing too much, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) is one of the most used non-destructive techniques to determine concrete characteristics along with impact-echo, Schmidt rebound hammer (SRH) and pulse-echo. This article investigates the relationship between UPV and compressive strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concretes. Water/cement ratio (w/c) was kept at 0.4 for all concrete mixes. Compressive strength of concrete was targeted at 35 MPa. UPV testing and compressive strength tests were carried out at the curing age of 28 days. The UPV of concrete containing steel fibers has been found to be higher than plain concrete for all the testing groups. It is decided that there is not a certain relationship between fiber addition and strength.

bayraktar, nilufer/0000-0002-7886-3688 WOS: 000338090600056 PubMed: 24935332 Background. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience female sexual dysfunction (FSD). The purpose of this study was to compare FSD in different types of renal replacement therapy and control patients. Methods. The study was consisted of 47 renal transplantation (RT), 46 hemodialysis (HD), and 28 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and 36 healthy control subjects. All groups were evaluated with the following scales: Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire, Short Form (SF)-36 questionnaires, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Demographic data, laboratory values, and hormone levels were obtained. The patients with FSFI score .05) although they were significantly worse then the control group (P < .001). On regression analysis, age was significantly associated with FSD (beta = 0.14; P = .001). In addition, the physiologic health domain of SF-36 was significantly better in control groups (P < .001). The difference in terms of mean of BDI score did not reach statistical significance among patient groups (P > .05). Female sexual dysfunction score was negatively correlated with BDI (r = 0.371; P < .001) and positively correlated with the mental-physical components score of SF-36 (r = 0.423 [P < .001] and r = 0.494 [P < .001], respectively) in all patients groups. Regarding the hormones of the patients, there was a significant difference between RT and the HD and CAPD groups in dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; P < .001), RT and HD in prolactin (P < .001), and RT and CAPD in free testesterone (P < .001). Conclusions. Renal transplantation, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis patients were at more risk of developing sexual dysfunction and lower quality of life scores than healthy subjects. Notably, the mode of renal replacement therapy had no impact on female sexual function.

Introduction and Aims: Serum p-cresyl sulfate associates with cardiovascular disease in patients at different stages of chronic kidney disease. p-Cresyl sulfate concentrations are determined by intestinal uptake of p-cresol, human metabolism to p-cresyl sulfate and renal clearance. Whether intestinal uptake of p-cresol itself is associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with renal disease has not been studied to date. Methods: We performed a prospective study in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 1-5 (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00441623). Intestinal uptake of p-cresol, under steady state conditions, was estimated from 24h urinary excretion of p-cresyl sulfate. Primary endpoint was time to first cardiovascular event, i.e. cardiac death, myocardial infarction/ischemia, ventricular arythmia, cardiovascular surgery, cerebrovascular accident or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Statistical analysis was done using Kaplan Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results: In a cohort of 200 patients, median 24h urinary excretion of p-cresyl sulfate was 457.47 µmol (IQR 252.68-697.17). After a median follow-up of 52 months, 25 patients reached the primary endpoint (tertile 1/2/3: 5/6/14 events, log rank P 0.0368, see figure). Higher urinary excretion of p-cresyl sulfate was related with cardiovascular events (univariate hazard ratio per 100 µmol increase: 1.112, P 0.0015). In multivariate analysis, urinary excretion of p-cresyl sulfate remained a predictor of cardiovascular events, independent of markers of renal function (Hazard ratio 1.120, P 0.0022) and in different models with other cardiovascular risk factors (Framingham risk factors, cardiovascular history, diabetes mellitus and biochemical parameters). The independent association between urinary excretion of p-cresyl sulfate and outcome persisted after correction for serum p-cresyl sulfate. Conclusions: Intestinal uptake of p-cresol associates with cardiovascular disease independent of renal function. Insights into mechanisms governing intestinal generation and absorption of p-cresol may lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in patients with chronic kidney disease.

13th Congress of the Middle-East-Society-for-Organ-Transplantation (MESOT) -- DEC 12-15, 2012 -- Abu Dhabi, U ARAB EMIRATES WOS: 000328304700013 PubMed: 24314940 Background. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience erectile dysfunction (ED). Although it is a benign disorder, ED is related to physical and psychosocial health, and it has a significant impact on the quality of life (QOL). The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different renal replacement therapies on ED. Methods. A total of 100 ESRD patients and 50 healthy men were recruited to the present cross-sectional study. The study was consisted of 53 renal transplantation (RT; group I; mean age, 39.01 +/- 7.68 years; mean duration of follow-up, 97.72 +/- 10.35 months) and 47 hemodialysis (HD) patients (group II; mean age, 38.72 +/- 9.12 years; mean duration of follow-up, 89.13 +/- 8.65 months). The control group consisted of 50 healthy men (group III; mean age 39.77 +/- 8.51 years). Demographic data and laboratory values were obtained. All groups were evaluated with the following scales: International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 and Short Form (SF)-36 questionnaires, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The patients whose IIEF score were .05). Total IIEF-5 scores of men in groups I, II, and III were 19.5 +/- 4.5, 16.4 +/- 5.9, and 22.5 +/- 3.4, respectively. The mean total IIEF-5 score of control group was higher than those of groups I and II (P < .001). Posttransplant group mean total IIEF-5 score was also higher than the HD group (P < .05). Groups I and II significantly differed from control group in terms of presence of ED (IIEF score .05). ED score was negatively correlated with BDI (r = -0.368; P < .001), and positively correlated with SF-36 (r = 0.495; P < .001) in all patient groups. Conclusion. Patients with ESRD had significantly lower sexual function and lower QOL scores than the healthy control men. Notably, the mode of renal replacement therapy had no impact on male sexual function. Middle E Soc Organ Transplantat

Yari gevrek bir yapi malzemesi olan betonun icine celik liflerin katilmasiyla mekanik ozelliklerinin iyilestirilmesi saglanabilmektedir. Bu amacla en yaygin olarak kullanilan celik lif turleri arasinda duz, iki ucu kancali ve kivrimli lifleri sayabiliriz. Bu lifler betonda makro boyutta olusan catlaklarin buyumesini ve yayilmasini engelleyerek betonun tokluk ve suneklik kapasitesini arttirmaktadirlar. Bu calismada, cesitli narinlik ve hacimsel oranlarina bagli olarak duz ve iki ucu kancali celik liflerin normal dayanimli betonlarin basinc, egilme ve yarmada cekme dayanimi gibi mekanik ozelliklerine olan etkileri incelenmistir.

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remain a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality not only in developing but also in developed countries. Hypertension in pregnancy can be due to one of several distinct disorders, including gestational hypertension, preexisting chronic hypertension, preeclampsia-eclampsia, preeclampsia superimposed upon chronic hypertension. Gebeligin hipertansif hastaliklarina klinik yaklasim Gebelikte hipertansif hastaliklar sadece gelismis ulkelerde degil ayni zamanda gelismekte olan ulkelerde de maternal, fetal ve neonatal mortalite ve morbiditenin onde gelen nedenidir. Gebelikte hipertansiyon gestasyonel hipertansiyon, kronik hipertansiyon, preeklampsi-eklampsi, kronik hipertansiyon uzerine eklenmis preeklampsi gibi hastaliklardan biri nedeniyle olusabilmektedir. J. Exp. Clin. Med., 2012; 29:171-176

WOS: 000393291900012 OBJECTIVE: Cinacalcet reduces parathyroid hormone levels by increasing the sensitivity of the parathyroid gland to calcium. in this study, we firstly aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cinacalcet in Turkish hemodialysis patients. MATERIAL and METHODS: 4483 hemodialysis patients were screened and 469 patients who had used cinacalcet were included in the study. the patients were divided into 4 groups according to drug usage durations (Group 1: 3 months, Group 2: 6 months, Group 3: 9 months and Group 4: 12 months). the patients' Parathormone, Ca, P and CaxP levels at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months were compared to the start of treatment and previous months. RESULTS: the levels of Parathormone, Ca, P and CaxP significantly decreased compared to their initial levels in all groups (from 1412 pg/ml to 1222 pg/mL for Parathormone, p< 0,001) in the 3rd month. However, this reduction was not continued in the subsequent months (Parathormone: 1381 pg/ml for the 12th month). CONCLUSION: Cinacalcet may not provide adequate benefit in control of hyperparathyroidism in Turkish hemodialysis patient population.

In this study, AISI 5140 steel and AISI 420 stainless steel were pack borided at 1123, 1173 and 1223 K for retention times of 2, 4 and 6 h. The morphology of the boride layers formed on the steel surfaces as a result of the experiments was investigated by optical microscopy. The hardness values were measured by a micro-hardness device and the phases formed on the layer were determined by the XRD method. The XRD analysis revealed that FeB, Fe2B, CrB and MnB phases had formed on the boride layer. The results indicate that the boride layer thickness in all the steel samples had an incres as a function of incresing boriding time and temperature. In addition, the boride layer thickness values changed depending on the chemical composition of the steels. While the original hardness values of AISI 5140 and AISI 420 steels were 265 HV0,05 and 340 HV0,05 respectively, as a result of boriding, they increased up to 1843 HV0,05 and 1972 HV0,05. Activation energies (Q) of borided AISI 5140 steel and AISI 420 stainless steel used in the current study were determined as 194.951 and 206.161 kJ/mol, respectively. The growth kinetics of the boride layers forming on the AISI 5140 steel and AISI 420 steels and thickness of boride layers were also investigated. The adhesion properties of the boride layer were analyzed by performing the Daimler-Benz Rockwell-C adhesion method. According to the adhesion test results, the adhesion resistance of the boride layer decreased with the increase in the boriding temperature and time, Bu çalışmada AISI 5140 ve AISI 420 çelikleri 1123, 1173 ve 1223 K sıcaklıklarında2,4 ve 6 saat süreyle kutu borlama yöntemi ile borlanmıştır. Deneyler sonucunda, çelik yüzeylerinde oluşan borür tabakalarının morfolojisi optik mikroskobu ile incelenmiştir. Sertlik değerleri, mikro-sertlik cihazı ile ölçülmüş ve tabaka üzerinde oluşturulan fazlar XRD yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. XRD analizinde FeB, Fe2B, CrB ve MnB fazlarının borür tabakasının üzerinde oluştuğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, borlanmış çeliklerde elde edilen borür tabakasının kalınlık değerleri, borlama süresi ve sıcaklığın artmasıyla artığı görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, borür tabakasının kalınlık değerleri çeliklerin kimyasal bileşimine bağlı olarak değişmiştir. AISI 5140 ve AISI 420 çeliklerin orijinal sertlik değerleri, sırasıyla 265 HV0,05 ve 340 HV0,05 iken, borlama işlemi sonucunda, 1843 HV0,05 ve 1972 HV0,05 kadar artığı görülmüştür. AISI 5140 ve AISI 420 çelikler üzerindeki borür tabakasının oluşturulup, borür tabakasının kalınlığı ve büyüme kinetikleri incelenmiştir. Borlanmış AISI 5140 çelik ve AISI 420 çeliklerinin aktivasyon enerjileri, sırasıyla (Q) 194, 951 ve 206,161 kJ/mol, olarak tespit edilmiştir. Borür tabakasının yapışma özelliklerini Daimler-Benz Rockwell-C adhezyon yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Adhezyon test sonuçlarına göre, borür tabakasının yapışma direnci ile borlama sıcaklığı ve borlama süresinin artışı ile azalmıştır

WOS: 000360776700046 PubMed: 26293056 Background. Successful renal transplantation corrects many disorders of bone and mineral metabolism owing to the normalization of serum levels of calcium and phosphorus and restoration of calcitriol production. However, successful transplantation does not guarantee complete resolution of the pre-transplantation osteopathy. Methods. This study evaluated 100 patients who underwent successful renal transplantation. We determined the possible risk factors for osteoporosis among 72 male and 28 female renal transplant patients of mean age 32.3 +/- 10.0 years with 81% of them recipients of living-related grafts. Bone mineral densitometry (BMD) was performed in all patients before and >= 1 year after transplantation. Routine test results and demographic data were recorded. Results. At the time of transplantation 76% of the patients had osteoporosis or osteopeni and only 24% of them had normal BMD in 4 regions (femur neck, lumber, radius, and ultradistal). After transplantation, 70% of them had osteopororosis or osteopeni and 30% were normal. After renal transplantation, BMD scores increased (P > .05) although the diagnosis of the bone disease did not change (P < .05). Only preexisting osteodystrophy and smoking were found to be important risk factors for post-transplantation osteoporosis. Conclusions. After renal transplantation, BMD scores increased whereas the diagnosis of bone disease did not change statistically. We found that medical management of osteopenia/osteoporosis before transplantation and smoking habit are the main factors to prevent post-transplantation osteoporosis. Further long-term studies may be more helpful for evaluating the risk factors of post-transplantation osteoporosis.

Vitamin D, güneş ışığı ile temas sonucu deride üretilen, yağda çözünen, secosteroid yapıda bir prohormondur. Vücutta çeşitli metabolik değişikliklerle kalsitriol olarak bilinen, kalsiyum ve fosfor metabolizmasında önemli rol oynayan bir hormona dönüşür. Böbrek dokusu haricinde D vitaminine ait reseptörler; T lenfositler, beyin, prostat, pankreas, gonadlar, meme dokusu, kas ve kolon gibi birçok organ ve dokuda bulunmaktadır. D vitamininin etkinliği sadece kalsiyum homeostazisini düzenleyerek kemik sağlığını idame ettirmekle sınırlı olmayıp, aynı zamanda pro-apopitotik, antienfamatuar ve immün-modülatuar özelliklere sahip olduğu bildirilmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda, düşük D vitamini düzeyinin kanser insidansını ve kardiyovasiküler mortaliteyi arttırdığı, diyabet ve multipl skleroz gibi otoimmün hastalıklar ile birlikte olduğu bildirilmiştir. Kronik böbrek yetmezliğinin (KBY) gelişmesi, 1,25 dihidroksi D vitamini üretiminde progresif azalma ile ilişkilidir. Düşük 25-hidroksi vitamin D seviyeleri kronik böbrek yetmezliğinin tüm evrelerinde gözlenmekte ve sekonder hiperparatiroidizme neden olmaktadır. KBY hastalarında bilinen D vitamini önemli biyolojik etkileri, 25 hidroksi vitamin Dnin 1-25 dihidroksi D vitaminine extrarenal dönüşümü sayesinde gerçekleşmektedir. Bu derleme D vitamini, kalsiyum-mineral metabolizması, D vitaminin iskelet dışı etkileri ve kronik böbrek yetmezliğinde nutrisyonel D vitamini kullanımı gözden geçirilmiştir. Vitamin D is a liposoluble prohormon and and a secosteroid that is produced in the skin after exposure to sunlight. It is turned to calcitriol that has an important role in the calcium and phosphate metabolism by different metabolic pathways. Vitamin D receptors excluding kidney tissues are available in the following organs and tissues; T lenfosit, brain, prostate, pancreas, gonad, breast tissues, muscles and colon. It is known that function of Vitamin D is not only to maintain healthy bones through arranging calcium homeostasis but also has pro-apopitotic, anti-infammatory and immune modulator characteristics. In recent epidemiologic studies, low level vitamin D increases cancer incidence and cardiovascular mortality and comes along with auto-immune low levels of vitamin D and diabetes mellitus. The development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompained by a progressive reduce in ability to produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are common in patients with all the stages of CKD and this stuation has triggered the secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD patients. Extrarenal conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,5-dihydroxyvitamin D may have signifcant biological role beyond those traditionally ascribed to vitamin D. In this review, we checked out vitamin D, calcium-mineral metabolism, the extraskeletal effect of vitamin D, and nutritional vitamin D replacement in CKD.

Aim: End-stage renal disease patients (ESRD) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) therapy can be a suspected risk group for natural rubber latex allergy (NRLA) because of their intense exposure to latex through catheters, gloves and anesthetic equipment especially during peritonitis attacks. We aimed to determine the incidence of latex sensitization in CAPD patients and evaluate frequency of peritonitis attacks as a risk factor for NRLA. Material and Method: We studied 50 CAPD patients with peritonitis history, 30 patients without any peritonitis attacks and 26 healthy controls. NLLA test was made all patients and control group.A questionnaire-based history; and examinations was carried out by an allergist and a pulmonologist. Respiratory Function Tests (RFT), skin prick test (SPT) were done for each individuals in order to determine allergic tendency. Results: All of the groups were similar in terms of demographic data, questionnaire items, RFT results (p>0.05, respectively). No NRLA was present in group I and II (p>0.05). Only three persons in group III had NRLA (11.5%, p< 0.01). Statistical analysis disclosed no association between latex sensitization and accepted risk factor for NRLA in CAPD patients. There are statistical differences between patients and control groups for NRLA. Discussion: In this study, we did not find NRLA in CAPD patients. CAPD patients were not at risk for latex-hypersensitivity compared with healthy population.

Free triiodothyronine (FT3) is a marker of comorbidity in end-stage renal disease and in many acute and chronic diseases. There is lack of data about the link between FT3 levels and malnutrition and inflammation in hemodialysis patients. The objective of the present study was to investigate the link between FT3 and malnutrition and inflammation in hemodialysis patients.A total of 84 patients were included in the study (38 men and 46 women; mean age, 56.2 +/- 14.8 years; hemodialysis duration, 95.72 +/- 10.35 months). Serum FT3, free thyroxin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were determined. Demographic data and laboratory values were evaluated. Patients' comorbidity status was determined using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and malnutrition-inflammation status was determined by Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS).Serum FT3 concentration inversely correlated with age (r = -0.328, P = .002), CCI (r = -0.591, P = .001), C-reactive protein (r = -0.299, P = .01), and MIS (r = -0.671, P = .001), and positively correlated with serum albumin (r = 0.389, P = .001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, FT3 was independently associated with MIS (beta;, -0.14; 95% confidence interval, -0.175 to 0.063, P = .003), adjusted for CCI, C-reactive protein level, serum albumin level, and MIS.The results of this study indicate that FT3 is negatively correlated with inflammatory markers, namely C-reactive protein, and it is independently related with MIS in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, we suggest that FT3 can be accepted as an inflammatory marker in hemodialysis patients.

In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), depression is the most commonly identifi ed psychiatric illness; however, its prevalence varies since it is assessed by using different methods in different studies and in different populations. The commonly accepted view in the treatment of depression is a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacologic treatment. Mirtazapine is an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depressive illness which affects both noradrenergic and serotonergic activity. This paper is a case report of a 40 year old man with a history of renal failure who developed hypotension while receiving mirtazapine therapy. We believe that hypotension was a conclusion of the mirtazapine in our patient and hemodialysis had no infl uence on hypotension. Hypotension improved after the metabolization of mirtazapine (approximately thirty-six hours).

WOS: 000265321200007, PubMed ID: 19328549, Objectives: The University of Iowa Child Protection Program collaborated with Turkish professionals to develop a training program on child abuse and neglect during 2002-2006 with the goals of increasing professional awareness and number of multidisciplinary teams (MDT), regional collaborations, and assessed cases. This paper summarizes the 5-year outcome. Methods: A team of instructors evaluated needs and held training activities in Turkey annually, and provided consultation when needed. Descriptive analysis was done via Excel and SPSS software. Results: Eighteen training activities were held with 3,570 attendees. Over the study period, the number of MDTs increased from 4 to 14. The MDTs got involved in organizing training activities in their institutions and communities. The number of medical curriculum lectures taught by MDTs to medical students/residents, conferences organized by the MDTs, and lectures to non-medical professional audiences increased significantly (R-2 = 91.4%, 83.8%, and 69.2%, respectively). The number of abuse cases assessed by the MDTs increased by five times compared to pre-training period. Conclusions: A culturally competent training program had a positive impact on professional attitudes and behaviors toward recognition and management of child abuse and neglect in Turkey. The need to partner with policy makers to revise current law in favor of a greater human services orientation became clear. Practice implications: Pioneers in developing countries may benefit from collaborating with culturally competent instructors from countries with more developed child protection systems to develop training programs so that professional development can improve recognition and management of child abuse and neglect. Published by Elsevier Ltd.