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This article continues the discussion begun at the CIERGA Colloquium, held in Fribourg on 6 and 7 September 2021, on the Herodotean anecdote of Rhampsinite in the Underworld (II, 122), by examining the purpose of the game played between the Pharaoh and Demeter and, more broadly, its Egyptian symbolism, as well as that of the goddess’s gift of a “gold lamé napkin”. Various avenues are explored, showing that despite a probable interpretatio Graeca of the initial story, and an interpretation that may differ according to the circles in which the anecdote was received, it is still very much marked by its Egyptian origins.

Magnetospheric line radiation (MLR) is a peculiar type of whistler‐mode emissions formed by several similarly spaced spectral lines, whose frequencies may vary with time. These emissions typically occur at frequencies between about 1 and 8 kHz and are observed in both ground‐based and satellite measurements. However, their origin and source locations are not yet understood, as their detection by spacecraft instruments is challenging due to the limited frequency resolution of onboard wave measurements. We use high‐resolution multicomponent wave data obtained by the Van Allen Probes to demonstrate that, in addition to the frequency modulation, MLR events possess a temporal modulation with periods on the order of seconds, which may be related to the wave bouncing between hemispheres. Observed modulation periods are used to estimate a tentative source L‐shell. The modulation periods are shorter for events with larger frequency spacing, and the estimated source L‐shells correlate with model plasmapause locations. Plain Language Summary: Electromagnetic waves with frequencies of a few kHz observed in the near‐Earth space, the magnetosphere, sometimes exhibit distinct frequency modulation. When represented in traditional frequency‐time spectrograms, with wave intensity color‐coded as a function of frequency and time, these waves appear as several nearly equidistant spectral lines. They are called magnetospheric line radiation (MLR). Although they have been observed by both ground‐based and spacecraft instruments, their origin is still not understood. We use high‐resolution data obtained by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft to show that MLR intensity is modulated not only in frequency but also in time, with modulation periods on the order of seconds. The available wave measurements allow us to determine not only wave intensity but also propagation directions. This is used to demonstrate that the observed temporal modulation corresponds, with some uncertainties, to a wave element bouncing back and forth between hemispheres. Using the theory of wave propagation in plasma, the bouncing periods can be used to calculate the distance of the magnetic field line where the wave bounces, that is, the distance of a tentative wave source. Our results help to understand possible generation mechanisms and source locations of these peculiar emissions. Key Points: Magnetospheric line radiation may have a fine temporal structure related to the wave bouncing between hemispheresAnalysis of the corresponding modulation periods allows estimation of the L‐shell of a tentative sourceTentative source locations of analyzed events with the fine temporal structure correlate with the model plasmapause locations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use conjugate observations of magnetospheric whistler‐mode waves at frequencies up to 16 kHz by the DEMETER spacecraft (at an altitude of approximately 660 km) and the ground‐based Kannuslehto station in Finland (L≈5.38) $(L\approx 5.38)$ to investigate the wave propagation to the ground and their characteristic spatial scales. For this purpose, we evaluate correlations between the wave intensities measured by the spacecraft and the ground‐based station at various frequencies as a function of their longitudinal and L‐shell separations. Two different approaches are used: (a) direct correlation of wave intensities measured at the same times and (b) correlation of wave intensities within corresponding frequency‐time windows, focusing on the identification of the same frequency‐time wave signatures. We show that the characteristic longitudinal scales of the investigated waves are between about 60° $60{}^{\circ}$ and 90° $90{}^{\circ}$. We further demonstrate that, while the wave intensities measured by DEMETER are generally larger during periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity, wave intensities measured on the ground during increased activity are only slightly larger during the daytime and decrease during the nighttime. Key Points: Overall correlations of whistler‐mode wave intensities at low altitudes (660 km) and on the ground are evaluated for the first timeCharacteristic longitudinal scales of observed waves are approximately between 60 and 90°Nighttime wave intensities measured on the ground are lower during geomagnetically active periods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate average wave intensities at frequencies up to 10 kHz measured by two ground stations in Canada and two others in Finland at auroral and subauroral latitudes over a full year, as well as by the low‐altitude DEMETER spacecraft during the years 2004–2010. Lightning location and energy data obtained by the World Wide Lightning Location Network, along with geomagnetic activity characterized by the Kp index, are further used. Latitudinal, diurnal, and annual variations are analyzed, and the global intensities measured on the ground and by the spacecraft are systematically compared for the first time. We show that lightning‐generated waves often dominate the measured wave intensities, particularly during the night, in summer, and at higher frequencies. DEMETER observations, supported by ray‐tracing analysis, reveal a significant role of nonducted lightning‐generated whistler propagation between the hemispheres. Finally, the wave intensity response to geomagnetic activity variations is quite different on the ground compared to in space. While spacecraft‐measured wave intensities are considerably larger during periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity, the ground‐based intensities are only sporadically enhanced during geomagnetically active periods. Key Points: A global comparison of wave intensities measured by the DEMETER satellite and the Kannuslehto/PWING ground stations is performedLightning‐generated waves often dominate both DEMETER and ground observations, especially at night, in summer, and at higher frequenciesDaytime intensities measured by DEMETER are larger during active periods, while on the ground they are only sporadically enhanced [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High energy resolution DEMETER satellite observations from the Instrument for the Detection of Particle (IDP) are analyzed during an electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC)‐induced electron precipitation event. Analysis of an Interval Pulsation with Diminishing Periods (IPDP)‐type EMIC wave event, using combined satellite observations to correct for incident proton contamination, detected an energy precipitation spectrum ranging from ∼150 keV to ∼1.5 MeV. While inconsistent with many theoretical predictions of >1 MeV EMIC‐induced electron precipitation, the finding is consistent with an increasing number of experimentally observed events detected using lower resolution integral channel measurements on the POES, FIREBIRD, and ELFIN satellites. Revised and improved DEMETER differential energy fluxes, after correction for incident proton contamination shows that they agree to within 40% in peak flux magnitude, and 85 keV (within 40%) for the energy at which the peak occurred as calculated from POES integral channel electron precipitation measurements. This work shows that a subset of EMIC waves found close to the plasmapause, that is, IPDP‐type rising tone events, can produce electron precipitation with peak energies substantially below 1 MeV. The rising tone features of IPDP EMIC waves, along with the association with the high cold plasma density regime, and the rapidly varying electron density gradients of the plasmapause may be an important factor in the generation of such low energy precipitation, co‐incident with a high energy tail. Our work highlights the importance of undertaking proton contamination correction when using the high‐resolution DEMETER particle measurements to investigate EMIC‐driven electron precipitation. Plain Language Summary: Energetic electrons are lost rapidly from the outer radiation belt. Several processes are thought to drive the electron losses. One process is through interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. Theoretical studies suggest that electrons primarily with energy >1 MeV are lost through this process, however, previous experimental satellite observations indicate that precipitation bursts with much lower electron energies are more common. One issue is that the previous satellite observations were made with poor energy resolution and are challenging to interpret due to coincident proton precipitation, which contaminate the electron measurements. Here we use observations from the DEMETER satellite which we have corrected for proton contamination. The measurements, made with higher energy resolution than before, confirm that indeed, low energy electron precipitation can happen when EMIC waves drive electron losses. The study finds that this lower energy characteristic is likely to be driven by a small subset of rising tone EMIC waves, known as Interval Pulsation with Diminishing Periods (IPDP), typically confined to the magnetic local time evening sector. Key Points: An electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave event (an interval of pulsations with diminishing period, IPDP) was studied from Low Earth OrbitCo‐incident satellite observations detected IPDP‐induced energetic electron precipitation, starting at 150 keV, peaking at 215 keVHigh‐resolution measurements from the DEMETER satellite show enhanced fluxes from 215 keV to 1.5 MeV exhibiting a "hard" power‐law spectrum [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundH2A.X is an H2A variant histone in eukaryotes, unique for its ability to respond to DNA damage, initiating the DNA repair pathway. H2A.X replacement within the histone octamer is mediated by the FAcilitates Chromatin Transactions (FACT) complex, a key chromatin remodeler. FACT is required for DEMETER (DME)-mediated DNA demethylation at certain loci in Arabidopsis thaliana female gametophytes during reproduction. Here, we sought to investigate whether H2A.X is involved in DME- and FACT-mediated DNA demethylation during reproduction.ResultsH2A.X is encoded by two genes in Arabidopsis genome, HTA3 and HTA5. We generated h2a.x double mutants, which displayed a normal growth profile, whereby flowering time, seed development, and root tip organization, S-phase progression and proliferation were all normal. However, h2a.x mutants were more sensitive to genotoxic stress, consistent with previous reports. H2A.X fused to Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) under the H2A.X promoter was highly expressed especially in newly developing Arabidopsis tissues, including in male and female gametophytes, where DME is also expressed. We examined DNA methylation in h2a.x developing seeds and seedlings using whole genome bisulfite sequencing, and found that CG DNA methylation is decreased genome-wide in h2a.x mutant endosperm. Hypomethylation was most striking in transposon bodies, and occurred on both parental alleles in the developing endosperm, but not the embryo or seedling. h2a.x-mediated hypomethylated sites overlapped DME targets, but also included other loci, predominately located in heterochromatic transposons and intergenic DNA.ConclusionsOur genome-wide methylation analyses suggest that H2A.X could function in preventing access of the DME demethylase to non-canonical sites. Overall, our data suggest that H2A.X is required to maintain DNA methylation homeostasis in the unique chromatin environment of the Arabidopsis endosperm.

Abstract The electron/ion density/temperature and ion velocities observed by the ROCSAT-1 and DEMETER satellites are used to examine the daytime wavenumber-4 (WN4) feature in the equatorial/low latitude ionosphere during various months and solar activity levels of 1999–2010. A moving median process has been employed to isolate WN4 features and calculate their amplitudes, while the upward ion drift is used to estimate electric fields. The ROCSAT-1 and DEMETER ion density, ion temperature, and ion velocity generally yield prominent WN4 features over the center of Pacific Ocean, the west side of South America, the center of the Atlantic Ocean, and Southern India. The correlation coefficient between the deviation of ion density and upward ion drift is significant during high solar activity of 1999–2004, while it approaches to zero during low solar activity of 2004–2010. This confirms that the longitudinal variation of the upward ion drift is essential during high solar activity, and the associated amplitude of dynamo eastward electric field is in the range of 0.10–0.14 mV/m, which is 15–19% of daily dynamo electric field. By contrast, the deviation of the ion density and the northward field-aligned ion flow show a clear anti-correlation which yields a maximum coefficient in August during low solar activity but no correlation during high solar activity. These indicate that the longitudinal variation of the meridional field-aligned ion flow could play an important role during low solar activity, and its amplitude is in the range of 10.44–13.91 m/s, which is 10–13% of the ambient ion flows.

An open data lake stores various forms and types of open data, and there is an increasing demand to manage raw data in tables rather than files for efficient data exploration and analysis. In this paper, we investigate the data management of open data lakes and recognize the limitations of table migration and related problems. First, open data lakes have problems of preprocessing complexity, scale limitation, and platform dependency due to the traditional data management method and open data characteristics. Second, existing studies for table migration have problems of lack of scalability, migration incompleteness, and scale limitation. In this work, we present a novel automation framework, called Demeter, which solves three problems inherent in open data lakes by expanding automation. Specifically, it supports automating catalog collection and preprocessing tasks to solve preprocessing complexity and scale limitation. It also supports platform universality for representative data platforms through the automation of catalog analysis and detailed processing logic. Demeter then solves three problems in table migration by adopting Airbyte, an open‐source ELT platform, and by enhancing automation capability with the Airbyte manager. We verify that Demeter resolves all the problems above through extensive experiments and proves its scalability and universality. In addition, significantly outperforms CKAN by Demeter up to 508.5% in automation performance, up to 207.28% in processing time, and up to 917.17% in migration performance. These results indicate that Demeter is an excellent automation framework that increases the utilization of large‐scale open data and supports reliable Internet‐scale migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: The gametophytic epigenetic regulators, MEA and DME, extend their synergistic role to the sporophytic development by regulating the meristematic activity via restricting the gene expression in the shoot apex. The gametophyte-to-sporophyte transition facilitates the alternation of generations in a plant life cycle. The epigenetic regulators DEMETER (DME) and MEDEA (MEA) synergistically control central cell proliferation and differentiation, ensuring proper gametophyte-to-sporophyte transition in Arabidopsis. Mutant alleles of DME and MEA are female gametophyte lethal, eluding the recovery of recessive homozygotes to examine their role in the sporophyte. Here, we exploited the paternal transmission of these mutant alleles coupled with CENH3-haploid inducer to generate mea-1;dme-2 sporophytes. Strikingly, the simultaneous loss of function of MEA and DME leads to the emergence of ectopic shoot meristems at the apical pole of the plant body axis. DME and MEA are expressed in the developing shoot apex and regulate the expression of various shoot-promoting factors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), DNA methylation, and gene expression analysis revealed several shoot regulators as potential targets of MEA and DME. RNA interference-mediated transcriptional downregulation of shoot-promoting factors STM, CUC2, and PLT5 rescued the twin-plant phenotype to WT in 9–23% of mea-1−/−;dme-2−/− plants. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized synergistic role of MEA and DME in restricting the meristematic activity at the shoot apex during sporophytic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background H2A.X is an H2A variant histone in eukaryotes, unique for its ability to respond to DNA damage, initiating the DNA repair pathway. H2A.X replacement within the histone octamer is mediated by the FAcilitates Chromatin Transactions (FACT) complex, a key chromatin remodeler. FACT is required for DEMETER (DME)-mediated DNA demethylation at certain loci in Arabidopsis thaliana female gametophytes during reproduction. Here, we sought to investigate whether H2A.X is involved in DME- and FACT-mediated DNA demethylation during reproduction. Results H2A.X is encoded by two genes in Arabidopsis genome, HTA3 and HTA5. We generated h2a.x double mutants, which displayed a normal growth profile, whereby flowering time, seed development, and root tip organization, S-phase progression and proliferation were all normal. However, h2a.x mutants were more sensitive to genotoxic stress, consistent with previous reports. H2A.X fused to Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) under the H2A.X promoter was highly expressed especially in newly developing Arabidopsis tissues, including in male and female gametophytes, where DME is also expressed. We examined DNA methylation in h2a.x developing seeds and seedlings using whole genome bisulfite sequencing, and found that CG DNA methylation is decreased genome-wide in h2a.x mutant endosperm. Hypomethylation was most striking in transposon bodies, and occurred on both parental alleles in the developing endosperm, but not the embryo or seedling. h2a.x-mediated hypomethylated sites overlapped DME targets, but also included other loci, predominately located in heterochromatic transposons and intergenic DNA. Conclusions Our genome-wide methylation analyses suggest that H2A.X could function in preventing access of the DME demethylase to non-canonical sites. Overall, our data suggest that H2A.X is required to maintain DNA methylation homeostasis in the unique chromatin environment of the Arabidopsis endosperm.

The amulets of mold-made glass depicted a nude squatting fat female figure, with both hands placed in her genital area are a group of finds that are concentrated in ancient cities on the Egyptian, Levant and North African coasts during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. This group of artefacts used for amulets is known in Anatolia. There are three examples from the Gaye Çarmıklı Collection and the Sadberk Hanım Museum. Only one of the amulets, which attract attention for its original and little-known iconography, is known where it was found. Amulet-1 found in the Dindarlı village of Manisa, where the ancient Lydia region is located. Due to lack of the certain find-context it was dated by analogy method based on the few published samples. The earliest examples of amulets are dated to the 4th century BC and they continued to be more intensively in the Hellenistic Period until the Roman Period. Amulet-1 and 2, which are so similar as to suggest that they may have been made from the same mould, have been dated to the end of the 2nd and 1st century BC on the basis of their similarity to the British Museum’s Egyptian sample. A Late Hellenistic date is suggested for the Amulet-3, whose stylistic differences are observed. The terracotta samples of nude squatting fat female figures found in Egypt were identified by the researchers with the “Baubo”, which mentioned in the myth of the goddess Demeter, and this definition has preserved its validity despite its controversial iconography. These figures, which are believed to increase the fertility of women and make the social workforce sustainable by protecting the mother and child at the same time, have been associated with the local fertility goddess of each culture with a depiction pattern similar to the Prehistoric Period “Mother Goddesses”. In this process, the definition of “Baubo” was recommended because of the connection of the cult of Demeter-Persephone with women and childbirth, and then the new identification as Isis-Aphrodite, Omphale and Kotys acquired currency. In fact, while the iconographic content of the figures goes much earlier than the figures called “Baubo”, the protective function undertaken by the amulets for birth and afterward is as up-to-date as reminiscent of today’s traditions.

In this article I aim to investigate the role of two ancient Greek priestesses from the region of Boeotia. In doing so, I further asses the relationship of these women not only with the goddesses they honoured, but also with Dionysus, a versatile and agglutinating divinity who played a leading role in that region. The following lines are intended as part of a broader study of priestesses of Dionysus (or priestesses of other divinities related to this god) in ancient Greece, a subject that has been little studied. It should be noted that the study examines the Greek term ἱέρεια and a derivative (the generic name of "priestess" in ancient Greece given to women who exercised the priesthood in civic cults) found in epigraphic texts. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of epigraphic sources because they provide data on real figures or historically verifiable personages who took part in the cult of the divinities, as opposed to literary sources, which often focus on anecdotal aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the way in which the struggle and suffering on the part of the family in the face of a daughter's abduction is represented in two films, the Mexican film Ruido (Natalia Beristáin, 2022) and the Romanian film Pororoca (Constantin Popescu, 2017). The insecurity situation in México and Romania is so different to the point of establishing two models. The records of assassinations of police officers, political candidates, journalists and the forced disappearance of young people in México surpass those of any other country. Firstly, in the Mexican model, the analysis takes as an archetypal model the figure of Demeter, a Greek divinity (goddess of agriculture), whose daughter, Persephone, was abducted for sexual purposes by Hades, god of the underworld. The unexpected absence of the daughter, the desperate search, as well as the lack of clues and traces, plunge the mother into a spiral of pain that leads her to an anguished search. On the other hand, in the Romanian model, the loneliness of the searching father, solitary and without collective support, stands out. The analysis proposes, in the Mexican case, the category "strident sequence", whose function is to regulate the narrative flow and the subjective construction of the character in the face of the irreparable pain of loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The digital transformation in agriculture introduces new challenges in terms of data, knowledge and technology adoption due to critical interoperability issues, and also challenges regarding the identification of the most suitable data sources to be exploited and the information models that must be used. DEMETER (Building an Interoperable, Data-Driven, Innovative and Sustainable European Agri-Food Sector) addresses these challenges by providing an overarching solution that integrates various heterogeneous hardware and software resources (e.g., devices, networks, platforms) and enables the seamless sharing of data and knowledge throughout the agri-food chain. This paper introduces the main concepts of DEMETER and its reference architecture to address the data sharing and interoperability needs of farmers, which is validated via two rounds of 20 large-scale pilots along the DEMETER lifecycle. This paper elaborates on the two pilots carried out in region of Murcia in Spain, which target the arable crops sector and demonstrate the benefits of the deployed DEMETER reference architecture.

The mythopoetic framework of Lalić’s poem Exercise implies complex figures of Demeter, Persephone and Hades and their manifestations within the Eleusinian Mysteries. The paper focuses on the floral symbolism associated with the mythological figuration of Kore/Persephone, “the flower-faced maiden”, as characterized in The Homeric Hymn to Demeter, since at the root of this Greek myth lies a floral symbolism (initial fascination with the flowers: roses, irises, violets, saffron, hyacinths, then picking the fatal daffodil, and lastly consuming pomegranate seeds). The dual nature of Kore/Persephone is also indicated through the symbolism of the flowers that determine her destiny - the narcissus/asphodel. Lalić’s poem is concentrated on this binary opposition. The Asfodel in the underground world appears as a counterpart of the daffodil, it is placed as a central symbol in Lalic’s poem and recognized as a variant of the afterlife daffodil - a fallen daffodil. The title of Lalić’s poem suggests that it is not just a mere reproduction of a myth, but it can be viewed as a kind of poem-poetics within which the lyrical subject engages in thinking about the creative process itself. This interpretation is supported by the fact that a specific species of white daffodil is called Narcissus poeticus, in our culture also known as sunovrat, and such a pale-faced flower symbolizes the poet himself.

Este trabajo investiga la presencia de la figura de Deméter en la poesía inglesa contemporánea, con el fin de identificar qué modelos de madre se ofrecen a partir del recurso al mito clásico de Deméter. Para ello, se analizan las fuentes clásicas que más importancia conceden al vínculo madre-hija, y cuya descripción de la madre imprime una huella imborrable en el imaginario occidental. Después, se estudian cuatro acercamientos al mito (uno ensayístico y tres literarios) que son representativos de las principales tendencias en la representación de Deméter en la poesía inglesa actual. A través del estudio de los mecanismos de recepción del mito clásico y de la representación de Deméter en cada ejemplo, se llega a la conclusión de que existen dos lecturas diferenciadas de Deméter (ya como la madre soñada, ya como la madre cotidiana), que hacen referencia a dos formas distintas de entender la maternidad. En último término, se pone de manifiesto la capacidad del mito de Perséfone y Deméter para dar voz a la vivencia de las madres en épocas diferentes y bajo prismas diversos.

Using the Plasma analyzer (IAP) and Langmuir Probe (ISL) experiments of the Detection of Electromagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) lithospheric–atmospheric–ionospheric coupling has been observed before, during and after five major earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 6.5. The aim of this study is to use ionospheric parameters to identify the ionospheric perturbations associated with the five earthquake regions screened. All the three investigated ionospheric parameters of electron density, electron temperature and total ion density recorded perturbations within the investigative period. A total of 36 anomalies were obtained with 18 each for nighttime and daytime readings. The observed anomalies being screened for false alarm using the geomagnetic indices of Kernnifzer digit (kp) and disturbance storm time (Dst.) revealed 27.8% as geomagnetically induced perturbations. Thus, 72.2% of the studied anomalies transpired in quiet geomagnetic conditions, which is linked to seismic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate four observational cases over NWC magnetically conjugate region by DEMETER spacecraft and CSES satellite. The cases of DEMETER on 23 February 2008 and CSES on 22 March 2020 show the evident ionospheric heating effects, in which the electron density and electron temperature suggest simultaneous enhancements associated with the intense spectra of the VLF electric and magnetic field above the conjugate region. This indicates that the heating effects associated with ionospheric modification are indeed triggered by the VLF signal transmitted by the NWC transmitter. In other words, the strong disturbances induced directly above the transmitter propagate along the magnetic field lines and extend into the magnetic conjugated region. Differently, the cases on 11 February 2010 (DEMETER) and 15 February 2019 (CSES) show obvious increases in electron densities while having no significant elevation in electron temperatures. The presence of enhanced energetic electron spectra at higher L-values, rather than directly above the conjugate region, suggests precipitation events induced by the VLF transmitter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Ectomycorrhizas are an intrinsic component of tree nutrition and responses to environmental variations. How epigenetic mechanisms might regulate these mutualistic interactions is unknown.By manipulating the level of expression of the chromatin remodeler DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) and two demethylases DEMETER‐LIKE (DML) in Populus tremula × Populus alba lines, we examined how host DNA methylation modulates multiple parameters of the responses to root colonization with the mutualistic fungus Laccaria bicolor. We compared the ectomycorrhizas formed between transgenic and wild‐type (WT) trees and analyzed their methylomes and transcriptomes.The poplar lines displaying lower mycorrhiza formation rate corresponded to hypomethylated overexpressing DML or RNAi‐ddm1 lines. We found 86 genes and 288 transposable elements (TEs) differentially methylated between WT and hypomethylated lines (common to both OX‐dml and RNAi‐ddm1) and 120 genes/1441 TEs in the fungal genome suggesting a host‐induced remodeling of the fungal methylome. Hypomethylated poplar lines displayed 205 differentially expressed genes (cis and trans effects) in common with 17 being differentially methylated (cis).Our findings suggest a central role of host and fungal DNA methylation in the ability to form ectomycorrhizas including not only poplar genes involved in root initiation, ethylene and jasmonate‐mediated pathways, and immune response but also terpenoid metabolism. See also the Commentary on this article by Zimmermann & Gaillard, 238: 2259–2260. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Virgin Mary and the Greek goddess Demeter both make frequent appearances in Irish women's poetry. Usually these figures are treated as representative of separate aesthetic needs: the Virgin Mary as a religious figure only, and Demeter as a link to the classical past or a representative of mother-daughter narratives. This separation, however, neglects how several poets, particularly Eavan Boland, Paula Meehan, and Mary O'Malley, make frequent use of both figures, often for related reasons. Demeter can thus be regarded as a parallel divine mother to Mary, whose agency and sexuality offer divine alternatives to Mary's remote passivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The gods on the Parthenon frieze are represented as looking out on the real world from the position of their material image on the Acropolis, displaying the contemporary imperial self-awareness of Athens. Poseidon's gaze guards the entrance to the straits of Artemisium. Hermes and Ares look towards Egypt with implicit adversary intent. Aphrodite pointing something out to Eros means that she is indicating a victim of love in an unspecified location. Artemis follows her indication, assuming duty as the goddess of childbirth, the locally worshipped Brauronia. On the East pediment, Aphrodite rests in the bosom of Artemis in a similar fashion as on the frieze. The association of Eros and Aphrodite with Artemis Brauronia, representing the creation of life, and the general divine concord presented on the East frieze, are expressions of the optimistic and imperial hegemonic ideology prominent in Athens in the period between the two major wars (479–431 B.C.). On the other hand, Demeter on the left looks with longing at Hermes and Dionysus, experienced visitors to the land of the dead, where her daughter resides. Including Ares, the group of four gods on the left, in polar contrast to the three gods on the rightmost side, allude to the opposite of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of the connection between solar and thunderstorm activity is not new. The discussion among scientists began before the cosmic era. The correlations of the ground-based registration of the cosmic ray flux and meteorological observations have been performed since the 50s of the 20th century. The discussed problem is related to the influence of cosmic rays on the creation of clouds, particularly thunderstorm clouds. The intensity of the galactic cosmic ray flux is controlled by the density and velocity of the solar wind. The increase in the solar wind flux during high solar activity leads to decreasing galactic cosmic ray flux, but on the other hand, the solar activity creates solar cosmic rays. Using data from the PERUN system and the DEMETER satellite, we tried to estimate the connection between the thunderstorm activity in Poland and solar activity during the period of the DEMETER operational activity (2004–2010). The influence of thunderstorms on the ionosphere and its dependence on solar activity is also discussed. However, due to the short time interval of the available data covering an insignificant part of the solar cycle, close to the minimum activity, our findings are not fully conclusive. No correlation was found between the cosmic ray flux and lightning activity given by the number of the discharges. However, some of the most energetic lightning discharges in the analyzed period occurred close to the minimum of the solar activity and their appearance is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lot of research has been conducted on economic and consumer aspects of ecological food products. However, we are witnessing the appearance of food products produced according to the principles of biodynamic growth which can be seen as a higher standard in ecological production process. Similar to ecological cultivation the biodynamic one also has proscribed methods and processes of production, processing, distribution and labelling as well as control and certification processes. However, such products are still not being recognized be the consumers in Croatia. This paper provides, based on authentic empirical research, some basic background information on the importance of labelling packages of food products as well as their quality and traceability. These also present the first results of research on the importance of labelling biodynamic products packages in Croatia.

Abstract A spectrogram of Power Line Harmonic Radiation (PLHR) consists of a set of lines with frequency spacing corresponding exactly to 50 or 60 Hz. It is distinct from a spectrogram of Magnetospheric Line Radiation (MLR) where the lines are not equidistant and drift in frequency. PLHR and MLR propagate in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere and are recorded by ground experiments and satellites. If the source of PLHR is evident, the origin of the MLR is still under debate and the purpose of this paper is to understand how MLR lines are formed. The ELF waves triggered by High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) in the ionosphere are used to simulate lines (pulses of different lengths and different frequencies). Several receivers are utilized to survey the propagation of these pulses. The resulting waves are simultaneously recorded by ground-based experiments close to HAARP in Alaska, and by the low-altitude satellite DEMETER either above HAARP or its magnetically conjugate point. Six cases are presented which show that 2-hop echoes (pulses going back and forth in the magnetosphere) are very often observed. The pulses emitted by HAARP return in the Northern hemisphere with a time delay. A detailed spectral analysis shows that sidebands can be triggered and create elements with superposed frequency lines which drift in frequency during the propagation. These elements acting like quasi-periodic emissions are subjected to equatorial amplification and can trigger hooks and falling tones. At the end all these known physical processes lead to the formation of the observed MLR by HAARP pulses. It is shown that there is a tendency for the MLR frequencies of occurrence to be around 2 kHz although the exciting waves have been emitted at lower and higher frequencies. Graphical Abstract

En las siguientes líneas analizaremos la escena mítica que ocurre entre dos figuraciones femeninas, a saber: Baubo y Deméter. Nuestro interés en señalar dicha escena responde a rescatar una narración de alianza femenina frente a los relatos de rivalidad entre diosas y entre estas y mujeres y, también, frente a los relatos de fraternidad entre figuraciones masculinas. Rescatar este mito nos permite reconstruir la imagen de un espacio seguro para mujeres, un lugar en el que compartir vida y muerte, dolor y alegría. Para ello recurriremos a las fuentes originales que nos transmiten esta escena, así como a reflexiones contemporáneas sobre este mito. Pasaremos a analizar los elementos que configuran la narración desarrollando la implicaciones que podrían tener para las mujeres con el objetivo de poder ofrecer una interpretación general que nos lleve a extraer una serie de consideraciones acerca de la posibilidad de una alianza genuina entre mujeres.

We study the impact of the severe equatorial earthquakes on the ionospheric Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) to check the variations in the shape of electron concentrations along the earthquake longitudes as the possible precursors to the earthquakes by considering a case study of a strong Mw 7.3 seismic event from Honduras occurred in 2009. We have observed sharp increments in the atmospheric chemical potential and surface air temperature time series along with an abrupt decrease in the relative humidity simultaneously about 5–8 days before the impending earthquake indicating the procreation of the air ionization due to increased radon activity around the earthquake's epicenter. We further investigated the ionospheric conditions by estimating the total electron content (TEC) from 6 IGS stations. The results suggested that the 2 IGS stations operating within the earthquake preparation area (EPA) showed prominent TEC enhancements about 5 days before the impending earthquake, consistent with the seismic atmospheric circulations. The other 3 IGS stations, operating outside the EPA, did not show any perturbation. These TEC variations are quantified based on two different methods: (1) running interquartile method and (2) method of cognitive recognition (applied on station BOGT). Moreover, the TEC and electron density profiles, retrieved from station BOGT and the ISL probe of the DEMETER satellite, respectively, revealed that the local TEC enhancements further dispersed toward the magnetic equator at higher altitudes by developing an enormous two-hump-like EIA structure near the epicentral longitude that verifies the generation of the seismogenic electric field through air ionization. We believe that our multi-precursory analysis is another step forward in comprehending the seismic lithosphere–ionosphere interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary academic contexts, the ‘Rape of Persephone’ myth is a source of insight into the powerlessness of women in patriarchal, Greco-Roman society. In popular culture, however, the myth has found a surprising second life amongst children’s media as the story of two unlikely, star-crossed lovers. Instead of simply rephrasing the myth as it is found in ancient sources, some Western authors and artists have changed the myth’s plot and characterization of Hades and Persephone in order to transform this rape myth into a love story. In this paper, I explore the ways in which each adaptation deviates from the source material and reveals contemporary views of gender politics. On the one hand, there are some adaptations in which the ‘Rape of Persephone’ is altered just enough to be deemed appropriate for children. On the other hand, there are retellings in which the changes appear to not simply censor the myth, but to subvert the sexism inherent in the myth itself. I argue that this latter phenomenon is an act of feminist resistance against centuries of reception to the Classical myths that perpetuate the sexist gender constructs of ancient society. Ultimately, I believe these adaptations will draw young audiences to study Classical mythology and will also open up new discussions of Classical material and the ways it is received by modern society.

• Interoperability is a high-priority challenge to be addressed to enable the optimal use of agri-food digital platforms. • The results of three projects - IoF2020, ATLAS and DEMETER are compared on their approaches for interoperability. • The areas of comparison are semantic interoperability, architecture, marketplace, user management, and contextualisation. • Recommendations are provided relevant for future initiatives aiming at interoperability support in the Agri-food sector. Interoperability is a critical challenge in Agri-food digitalisation, aligning with European data strategies and fostering pan-European cooperation, innovation, cost reduction, and market competition. Within the last years, the European Commission funded several projects to address interoperability in digital agriculture. We compare the projects IoF2020, ATLAS, and DEMETER which address interoperability for Agri-food systems with varying architectures and approaches, supported by the OpenDEI project. Interoperability, defined as the ability of systems to exchange and use information, encompasses multiple dimensions, including legal, organisational, semantic, and technical aspects. The analysis in this comparison focuses on the semantic and technical interoperability aspects of each project, covering architectural approaches, contextualization, marketplace functionalities, and user management and security measures. The examined projects highlight a variety of solutions, including service-oriented, data-centric, and process-oriented approaches, with the optimal choice between them remaining open, and an emphasis on the need for data consistency and plausibility. Advancements in standards and technologies, such as NGSI-LD, OGC, GAIA-X, and DSBA's implementation-driven plan, indicate a shift toward open interoperability in the broader ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, in order to investigate the correlation between seismic activity and ionospheric density variation, nighttime ion density (Ni) data from IAP onboard the Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) satellite from 2005 to 2010 are used to carry out statistical analysis. Only data with kp ≤ 3 are selected to avoid density perturbations due to magnetic activity. The aftershocks are also carefully removed. The earthquake-related data were further strictly screened, and the apparent position of anomalies were normalized using Dobrovolsky's radius. Real and pseudorandom earthquakes are compared and analyzed. The statistical results show that the postseismic effect is obvious; the Ni enhancements are more focused 3–5 days, 9–10 days, and 13–14 days before the earthquake; as the magnitude of earthquake increases, the apparent range and intensity of the ion density enhancements is also increased; and for medium–strong earthquakes, the position of disturbance will exceed Dobrovolsky's radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the critics have traditionally observed the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles as the disapproval of Victorian morals and double standards, the aim of this work is to point out the fact that this novel also has a general, universal meaning. Using Lukacs’ concept of realistic fiction as a synthesis of particular and universal as a starting point, the author of this research claims that this novel is a story of the tragic destiny of a particular character, but that at the same time Tess Durbeyfield functions as an embodiment of the Archetypal Feminine. Myths are symbolic expressions of archetypes, and, apart from numerous parallels with the ancient myth of Demeter and Persephone, the novel contains allusions to the myth of Genesis and to classical gods like Artemis and Apollo. The character of Tess Durbeyfield is closely related to earth and natural laws. Tough she has a great mythic potential, nobody (with the exception of Alec D’Urberville), not even Tess herself, realises it. Tis leads to a tragic outcome. Contrary to Persephone, who, even though Hades carries her to the Underworld and pronounces her his wife, succeeds to return to Earth and to begin a new life, Tess never regains stability after she loses her virginity to Alec. She does not recognise Alec’s function in terms of initiation into the world of maturity. Her sole reaction is neglect of the sensual part of her nature and her turning to the spiritual. There is no projection of the archetype, which inevitably leads Tess to failure and death.

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Signals from the NWC ground‐based very low frequency (VLF) transmitter can leak into the magnetosphere and scatter trapped energetic electrons into drift loss cones. Recent studies also suggest that cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) is probably an important source for quasi‐trapped electrons in the inner belt. To investigate their relative contributions, this study comprehensively analyzes the long‐term variations of quasi‐trapped 206 keV electrons at L = 1.7, which is roughly the L shell where NWC is located. Furthermore, a drift‐diffusion‐source model is used to reproduce longitudinal distributions of quasi‐trapped electrons and investigate sensitivities of simulation results to VLF transmitter intensities. These results suggest that CRAND is the main source of quasi‐trapped hundreds of keV electrons when the NWC station is at dayside. In contrast, pitch angle diffusions become the main source mechanism of these quasi‐trapped electrons when the NWC station operates at nightside with more VLF transmitter energy leaking into the magnetosphere. Plain Language Summary: Very low frequency (VLF) signals emitted from NWC transmitter locating at west Australia are used for submarine communications. The VLF signals propagate along the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide and a portion can leak into the magnetosphere. Low‐Earth orbit satellite observations demonstrate that the NWC transmitter signals in the magnetosphere can scatter trapped energetic electrons into the drift loss cone at L = 1.7, which is roughly of the L shell of the NWC location, resulting in the enhancement of approximately 200 keV quasi‐trapped electron fluxes. Cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) describes the process that galaxy cosmic rays (the majority consist of high‐energy protons and helium nucleus) collide with atmosphere atoms and produce albedo neutrons, which have a mean lifetime of 887 s and then decay into protons, electrons, and antineutrinos, which is also considered as a source of >200 keV quasi‐trapped electrons in the inner belt. In this study, we compare the model results with DEMETER measurements and find that CRAND is the main source of quasi‐trapped hundreds of keV electrons when the NWC transmitter is at dayside. In contrast, the pitch angle diffusion induced by NWC transmitter signals becomes the main source mechanism of these quasi‐trapped electrons due to VLF signals leaking into the magnetosphere easily when the NWC transmitter operates at nightside. Key Points: CRAND is the main source of 200–700 keV quasi‐trapped electrons at L = 1.7 when NWC transmitter is at daysideFor quasi‐trapped 206 keV electrons at L = 1.7, pitch angle diffusion is the main source mechanism when NWC station operates at nightsideThe 〈Dαα〉 $\langle {D}_{\alpha \alpha }\rangle $ from NWC needs to be approximately 10−6 to 10−5 s−1 to reproduce the satellite observations of quasi‐trapped 206 keV electrons at L = 1.7 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lot of research has been conducted on economic and consumer aspects of ecological food products. However, we are witnessing the appearance of food products produced according to the principles of biodynamic growth which can be seen as a higher standard in ecological production process. Similar to ecological cultivation the biodynamic one also has proscribed methods and processes of production, processing, distribution and labelling as well as control and certification processes. However, such products are still not being recognized be the consumers in Croatia. This paper provides, based on authentic empirical research, some basic background information on the importance of labelling packages of food products as well as their quality and traceability. These also present the first results of research on the importance of labelling biodynamic products packages in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]