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Congenital hydrocephalus is an etiologically diverse disorder, including infectious, teratogenic, and genetic factors as the underlying mechanism. Information regarding the occurrence of hydrocephalus in twins is especially important in establishing the significance of environmental factors as well as the genetic basis. This paper reports a pair of monozygotic twins, both presenting with hydrocephalus, but one with triventricular and the other with tetraventricular hydrocephalus.

Objective: Arachnoid cysts (ACs) of the craniocervical junction are extremely rare entities. This report describes a craniocervical junction AC with unusual clinical course at an unusual anatomical location.Methods: A 21-year-old man was admitted to our clinic after a craniospinal trauma. Examination was unremarkable. Computed tomography scans demonstrated mild to moderately enlarged third and the lateral ventricles, but the fourth ventricle was typically normal. Neuroimaging studies obtained after the onset of clinical symptoms revealed marked enlargement of the ventricular system and a new cyst formation at the C1-2 level which was absent before. He underwent suboccipital craniectomy and C1-2 laminectomies. The cyst was fenestrated into subarachnoid space.Results: He made a good recovery. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed as AC.Conclusion: Due to rarity of this clinical entity, we urge readers to keep in mind the possibility of the development of this kind of AC with unusual clinical course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We present a unique case of a saccular aneurysm originating from the distal end of the right frontopolar artery (FPA).Methods: This previously healthy, 54-year-old man had sustained a mild head trauma. On admission, he was lethargic, but his neurological examination results were otherwise normal. Neuroradiological studies (including brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebral angiography) demonstrated a distal-end aneurysm of the right FPA. The aneurysm was clipped and resected via a right frontal craniotomy.Results: The postoperative course was uneventful. Pathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed rupture of the wall of a true aneurysm. The patient's medical history was also negative for trauma in the past, previous neurological disease, and vascular collagen disorders. Routine angiography performed 30 days postoperatively demonstrated complete occlusion of the right FPA. The patient was free of focal neurological deficits.Conclusion: This case demonstrates that not all distally located aneurysms are necessarily mycotic or traumatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Anterior cervical fusion procedures are among the most commonly performed spinal operations. Investigators have reported pseudoarthrosis rates ranging from 3 to 36% following anterior cervical fusion operations. The diagnosis of pseudoarthrosis has been based on the triad of pain, radiographic evidence of instability, and loss of correction or fixation. Scintigraphic imaging may be involved in pseudoarthrosis investigation by increase of nuclear agent uptake at the operated level but today it is not used in clinical practice as a routine imaging modality., Material and Methods: Nine cases operated for degenerative disc disease on single level but suffering postoperative prolonged neck pain were involved in the study. All cases underwent 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) bone SPECT later than postoperative twelfth month., Results: Results showed a correlation between severity of neck pain and fusion status., Conclusion: Increased and prolonged uptake of nuclear agent should cause a suspicion on so-called fusion, proven by radiology.

Aim: Intracranial hypodense lesions include a wide group of pathologies with different structures and characters. Although the radiological imaging properties of these neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions are similar, treatment modalities for each lesion differs due to histopathological structure., Material and Methods: In this study we have compared the results of radiological and scintigraphic evaluations with the results of stereotaxic biopsies to figure out the diagnostic impact of these non-inasive modalities. 16 patients who admitted to outpatient clinics with headache and/or seizure complaints were included in the study., Results: MR spectroscopic images diagnosed the lesions as accurately as stereotaxic biopsies., Conclusion: Although stereotaxic biopsy keeps the label of "gold standard" when establishing a diagnosis for these lesions, modern radiological modalities are quite reliable.