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Water structure near electrode interfaces may play an important role in controlling CO2 electroreduction. Using plasmon-enhanced vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy, we demonstrate the emergence of an interfacial water subpopulation with large electric fields along their OH bonds, when Na2CO3 ions are present near the electrode under applied potential. With molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the approach of aqueous Na2CO3 to electrodes is coupled to the formation of structured and oriented ion complexes, and that the emergent water population is associated with the first solvation shell of these complexes. This water subpopulation is seen even when the sole source of CO32− is its in-situ generation from CO2, indicating that the interfacial species investigated here are likely ubiquitous in CO2 electroreduction contexts.

Introduction: Surgical training traditionally adheres to the apprenticeship paradigm, potentially exposing trainees to an increased risk of complications stemming from their limited experience. To mitigate this risk, augmented and virtual reality have been considered, though their effectiveness is difficult to assess. Research question: The PASSION study seeks to investigate the improvement of manual dexterity following intensive training with neurosurgical simulators and to discern how surgeons' psychometric characteristics may influence their learning process and surgical performance. Material and methods: Seventy-two residents were randomized into the simulation group (SG) and control group (CG). The course spanned five days, commencing with assessment of technical skills in basic procedures within a wet-lab setting on day 1. Over the subsequent core days, the SG engaged in simulated procedures, while the CG carried out routine activities in an OR. On day 5, all residents' technical competencies were evaluated. Psychometric measures of all participants were subjected to analysis. Results: The SG demonstrated superior performance (p

To comprehensively improve the quality of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, and to ensure the realization of the fundamental goal of cultivating morality and educating people, this paper emphasizes the importance of the “one, two, three, four classrooms” linkage teaching mode, and proposes an intelligent ideological and political education platform based on big data technology. The platform integrates the first, second, third and fourth classrooms to form an efficient linkage education model. To assess the specific impact of this model on education quality, this study constructed a model using multiple linear regression and estimated the parameters using the least squares method. Through the questionnaire survey and data analysis of five colleges and universities in the university city of L city, it was found that the development quality of the “one, two, three, four classrooms” linkage was generally distributed with the mean value lying in the interval of [0.35,0.55]. Under the baseline regression analysis, the four classrooms had a high R2 fit value of 0.8517 to the dependent variable. The quantile regression analysis showed that as the quantile nodes increased from 0.5 to 1, the number of classroom nodes risen from 1 to 2. Showed that as the quantile node increased from 0.1 to 0.9, the R2 fit value improved more than twofold. This result highlights the need to consider the teaching effect of each classroom comprehensively to ensure that the goal of high-quality development can be realized when colleges and universities promote the “one, two, three, four classrooms” linkage teaching mode of Civics.

The combination of Internet technology and education will continue to promote the change of the traditional education model, and will inevitably have a far-reaching impact on the reform of the education field. The wisdom classroom vector model is used to establish a secondary school classroom for ideological and political wisdom in this paper. In the smart classroom, students can recognize facial expressions by using GAN and tripartite consistency loss function. The ANM-CFM action recognition model is formed by the combination of the adaptive normalization module and covariance matrix fusion. For the effectiveness of the intelligent classroom of secondary school ideology and politics proposed in this paper with the related classroom behavior intelligent recognition method, the validation is carried out using example data. The results show that the first 200 frames in the smart classroom are dominated by the teacher’s lecture, and the students’ hand-raising interaction moments are mainly distributed between 200 and 400 frames. At the end of the teaching experiment, the classroom engagement level of the students in the experimental class was 9.037±0.532 points, the thinking level score of the experimental class exceeded 0.5 points compared with that of the control class, and the student’s satisfaction scores for the learning environment of the smart classroom were all over 2.4 points. The adoption of smart classrooms in the background of the Internet can realize the innovative reform of secondary school ideological and political classroom teaching and provide a new guarantee for improving the level of students’ thinking literacy.

ObjectiveTo study the role of indocyanine green （ICG） fluorescence imaging in biliary tract recognition during laparoscopic difficult biliary tract surgery. MethodsThe clinical data of 54 patients with laparoscopic difficult biliary surgery admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from August 2019 to August 2022 were retrospectively collected. All patients had extrahepatic bile duct stones and had a history of upper abdominal surgery. Among them, 25 patients underwent ICG fluorescence imaging surgery （fluorescence imaging group） and 29 patients underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery （conventional surgery group）. The intraoperative and postoperative conditions of two groups were compared. ResultsCompared with the conventional surgery group, the operation time ［（110.68±19.03）min vs（147.83±28.59）min］, the time to find bile duct ［（30.92±9.72）min vs（56.52±18.84）min］, and the amount of bleeding ［（43.61±30.67）mL vs（87.93±15.67）mL）］ were significantly reduced （P＜0.05）, the time of exhaust, extubation, hospitalization and total cost of hospitalization were significantly reduced （P＜0.05） in the fluorescence imaging group. There was no statistically significant difference total complications rate between fluorescence imaging group and conventional surgery group （4.00% vs 27.59%, χ2=3.814, P＞0.05）. ConclusionICG fluorescence imaging technology can display the biliary system in real time during operation. Compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery, it can reduce the time to find bile ducts, reduce the amount of bleeding, shorten the operation time, improve the safety of surgery, and reduce the burden of patients. It has good clinical application value.

Periploca forrestii, a medicinal plant of the family Apocynaceae, is known as an effective and widely used clinical prescription for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases. In this study, we de novo sequenced and assembled the completement chloroplast (cp) genome of P. forrestii based on combined Oxford Nanopore PromethION and Illumina data. The cp genome was 153 724 bp in length and had four subregions. Moreover, an 84433 bp large single-copy and a 17 731 bp small single-copy were separated by 25 780 bp inverted repeats (IRs). The cp genome included 132 genes with 18 duplicates in the IRs. A total of 45 repeat structures and 183 simple sequence repeats were detected. Codon usage showed a bias toward A/T-ending codons. A comparative study of Apocynaceae revealed that an IR expansion occurred on P. forrestii. The Ka/Ks values of eight species of Apocynaceae suggested that positive selection was exerted on the psaI and ycf2 genes, which might reflect specific adaptions to the P. forrestii particular growth environment. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Periplocoideae was a sister to Asclepiadoideae, forming a monophyletic group in the family Apocynaceae. This study provided an important P. forrestii genomic resource for future evolutionary studies and the phylogenetic reconstruction of the family Apocynaceae. Key words: Periploca forrestii, chloroplast genome, genomic structure, comparative analysis, molecular evolution analysis, Introduction Periploca forrestii Schlechter belongs to the family Apocynaceae (Byng et al. 2016) and grows mainly in the karst areas in the southwest of China, where the population suffering from [...]

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDCA) is a leading cause of cancer death in the US. Patients diagnosed with PDCA generally present with advanced disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. African American patients have higher incidence and mortality of PDCA than Caucasian American or any other ethnic group. Different factors have been attributed to contribute to this health disparity, among them higher incidence of Diabetes Mellitus type 2. To address the need for new therapeutic approaches, we note epidemiologic reports that patients with diabetes mellitus-type 2 treated with the biguanide drug metformin, but not other antidiabetic drugs, have a reduced risk of PDCA and an increased survival rate among those with PDCA. The main physiologic effect of metformin is to lower blood glucose and reduce hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance. In the cell, metformin stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that in turn inhibits mTORC1 which integrates signals from an array of intracellular pathways to regulate cell growth. Recent clinical trials describe modest antiproliferative effects from use of neoadjuvant metformin, but no significant clinical benefit occurred when metformin was dosed at glycemic control levels in patients with advanced cancers. These findings suggest that development of more potent anticancer analogues of metformin may help to boost clinical benefit and patient survival. Hence, we have designed new biguanide analogues of metformin, and screening of these compounds in preclinical PDCA models show that selected analogues are more efficacious in blocking tumor progression than parental metformin at lower doses. Using proliferation assays in vitro, PDCA cells (Panc 1, MIA Paca-2) were treated 72-hrs with metformin or analogues, and greater dose-dependent inhibition of PDCA cell proliferation was found with analogues as compared to metformin (P

We previously reported several vignettes on types and classes of drugs able to mitigate acute and, in at least one case, late radiation syndromes in mice. Most of these had emerged from high throughput screening (HTS) of bioactive and chemical drug libraries using ionizing radiation-induced lymphocytic apoptosis as a readout. Here we report the full analysis of the HTS screen of libraries with 85,000 small molecule chemicals that identified 220 "hits." Most of these hits could be allocated by maximal common substructure analysis to one of 11 clusters each containing at least three active compounds. Further screening validated 23 compounds as being most active; 15 of these were cherry-picked based on drug availability and tested for their ability to mitigate acute hematopoietic radiation syndrome (H-ARS) in mice. Of these, five bore a 4-nitrophenylsulfonamide motif while 4 had a quinoline scaffold. All but two of the 15 significantly (p < 0.05) mitigated H-ARS in mice. We had previously reported that the lead 4-(nitrophenylsulfonyl)-4-phenylpiperazine compound (NPSP512), was active in mitigating multiple acute and late radiation syndromes in mice of more than one sex and strain. Unfortunately, the formulation of this drug had to be changed for regulatory reasons and we report here on the synthesis and testing of active analogs of NPSP512 (QS1 and 52A1) that have increased solubility in water and in vivo bioavailability while retaining mitigator activity against H-ARS (p < 0.0001) and other radiation syndromes. The lead quinoline 057 was also active in multiple murine models of radiation damage. Taken together, HTS of a total of 150,000 bioactive or chemical substances, combined with maximal common substructure analysis has resulted in the discovery of diverse groups of compounds that can mitigate H-ARS and at least some of which can mitigate multiple radiation syndromes when given starting 24 h after exposure. We discuss what is known about how these agents might work, and the importance of formulation and bioavailability.