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In the era of personalized medicine, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become a valuable diagnostic tool for the accurate classification of pleuropulmonary and mediastinal neoplasms necessary for therapeutic decisions and predicting prognosis. [...], * Context.--Immunohistochemistry has become a valuable ancillary tool for the accurate classification of pleuropulmonary and mediastinal neoplasms necessary for therapeutic decisions and predicting prognostic outcome. Diagnostic accuracy has significantly improved because of the continuous discoveries of tumor-associated biomarkers and the development of effective immunohistochemical panels. Objective.--To increase the accuracy of diagnosis and classify pleuropulmonary neoplasms through immunohistochemistry. Data Sources.--Literature review and the author's research data and personal practice experience. Conclusions.--This review article highlights that appropriately selecting immunohistochemical panels enables pathologists to effectively diagnose most primary pleuropulmonary neoplasms and differentiate primary lung tumors from a variety of metastatic tumors to the lung. Knowing the utilities and pitfalls of each tumor-associated biomarker is essential to avoid potential diagnostic errors.

[Objective] The purpose of this research is to measure the micro-enterprise agglomeration of producer services, analyze its impact direction and specific degree on carbon emission efficiency, and provide scientific basis for stimulating the positive externality of the environment of producer services agglomeration. [Methods] First, on the basis of agglomeration theory and Schumpeter’s innovation theory, this paper expounds the mechanism of the impact of producer service industries agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency from the aspects of scale effect and technology effect. Secondly, from the perspective of enterprises entry, this research build a composite weighted agglomeration index of producer services that reflects both the “stock” agglomeration of producer services at the macro level and the dynamic “increment” of the entry of micro-enterprises. Finally, the carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is calculated based on the super-efficiency SBM model, and the dynamic spatial Dubin model and panel threshold model are established to empirically test the relationship between the agglomeration of producer services and carbon emission efficiency. [Results] The findings indicate that: (1) The Yangtze River Economic Belt’s carbon emission efficiency has a clear positive spatial spillover effect and a path-dependent feature in time dimension. The carbon emission efficiency of a previous period has a great impact on the carbon emission efficiency of the current period, presenting a “snowball effect”. (2) There is a positive U-shaped relationship between the agglomeration of producer services and carbon emission efficiency. Both the direct effect and the spillover effect of producer services agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency will change from negative to positive. Compared with short-term effects, long-term effects are more significant. (3) The three constraining mechanisms of industrial structure, technological innovation, and marketization all show significant single threshold characteristics. The upgrading of industrial structure and technological innovation significantly enhances the role of producer services agglomeration in promoting carbon emission efficiency, while the improvement of marketization level is conducive to mitigating the adverse impact of producer services agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency. [Conclusion] Finally, based on the analysis results of the positive U-shaped curve, this study put forward recommendations for promoting the low-carbon development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt under the influence and constraint mechanisms.

Mural cells are essential for maintaining the proper functions of microvasculatures. However, a key challenge of microvascular tissue engineering is identifying a cellular source for mural cells. We showed that in vitro, circulating fibrocytes (CFs) can (1) shear and stabilize the microvasculatures formed by vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in a collagen gel, (2) form gap junctions with VECs and (3) induce basement membrane formation. CFs transplanted into nude mice along with VECs in either collagen gel or Matrigel exhibited activities similar to those mentioned above, that is, sheathing microvasculatures formed by VECs, inducing basement membrane formation and facilitating the connection of the engineered microvasculatures with the host circulation. Interestingly, the behaviour of CFs also differs from that of human brain vascular pericytes (HBVPs) in vitro, which often infiltrate the lumen of capillary-like structures in a mosaic pattern, actively proliferate and exhibit lower endocytosis and migration capacities. We concluded that CFs are a suitable cellular source for mural cells in the construction of tissue-engineered microvasculatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impacts of PEC on green technology innovation (GTI), which includes both independent green technology innovation (IGTI) and cooperative green technology innovation (CGTI). It also analyzes the threshold effects of green finance (GF) and information and communication technology (ICT) to unlock the growth potential of GTI. To achieve this, we employ a two-way fixed-effects model and a threshold-effects model, utilizing city panel data from the Yangtze River Delta region of China, covering the years 2011–2020. The results indicate that PEC has a positive effect on GTI, IGTI, and CGTI. However, its impact on CGTI is relatively weaker. These findings remain valid after several robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that PEC promotes IGTI in research organizations, yet it fails to do so in firms. PEC enhances CGTI within cities, but not between them. Additionally, PEC positively affects GTI only when GF and ICT surpass certain thresholds. The threshold effect of GF is limited to IGTI, whereas ICT's threshold effect is more stringent in CGTI. Based on these conclusions, we provide insights on leveraging public concerns to promote the growth of green innovation and how governments can create a favorable external environment for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change has necessitated a transition to sustainable development, prompting nations to prioritize green total factor productivity (GTFP) as a key indicator of economic and environmental efficiency. This study examines the role of the green innovation network (GIN) in enhancing urban GTFP within China's Yangtze River Delta (YRD)—a region pivotal to national economic growth and ecological sustainability. Using data from 41 cities spanning 2011 to 2020, we constructed the GIN based on inter-city green cooperative patents and analyzed the network positions of cities using a social network analysis (SNA). Urban GTFP was assessed through the Super-SBM model, and two-way fixed-effects panel models, along with a threshold effect model, were applied to evaluate the impacts of GIN on GTFP. The findings reveal that stronger network positions within the GIN significantly enhance urban GTFP, with green finance further amplifying this effect. These results provide actionable insights for policymakers in developing countries, highlighting the importance of integrated innovation strategies and enhanced green financial systems to promote sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized annual precipitation data collected from 76 meteorological stations located on the Loess Plateau and its adjacent regions. It employed empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the Mann–Kendall trend test (M-K), and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to investigate the spatial distribution patterns, temporal trends, and periodicity of annual precipitation from 1961 to 2016. The results showed the following: (1) The long-term averages of annual rainfall on the Loess Plateau exhibited a general decline from the southeast to the northwest, with certain areas demonstrating a trend of reduction radiating outward from the central region. This precipitation regime was fundamentally governed by the interplay between geographic coordinates and topo-graphical characteristics. Nevertheless, this spatial distribution pattern is expected to undergo changes in the future. (2) Annual precipitation in the southern and eastern parts decreased significantly, while the western part reported the greatest increase, and thus the spatial variability of precipitation will decrease in the future. (3) Annual precipitation on the Loess Plateau generally has a period of about 4 years. The wavelet coherence analysis reveals that El Niño events, occurring over a brief 4-year interval, correlate with diminished precipitation patterns across the eastern and southern sectors of the Loess Plateau, consequently attenuating the precipitation's spatial variability throughout the entire geographical domain. Therefore, in the future, when El Niño occurs, it is necessary to prevent droughts in the eastern and southern regions of the Loess Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense human activities have significantly altered landscape structure, affected ecosystem services, and threatened ecological security. However, the spatial coupling relationship between regional ecological security patterns (ESPs) and human activity is still unclear. Taking southwest China as the study area, this study firstly assessed ecosystem service importance (ESI) and then identified ecological sources in conjunction with nature reserves. A minimum cumulative resistance model and circuit theory were used to extract ecological corridors and nodes to construct ESPs, and we further analyzed spatial relationships between ESPs and regional human activity intensity factors. Our results showed that ESI had obvious regional differences, and considering diversity and uniqueness of ecosystem functions, it is crucial for constructing ESPs. The ESPs—195 ecological sources, 490 ecological corridors, 212 ecological pinch points, and 17 barrier points—were important priority areas for ecological protection and restoration and will effectively guide differentiated ecosystem management. Intense human activities had significantly differentiated negative impacts on regional ESPs, and balancing regional ecological protection and economic development can achieve a win–win situation. Our research not only provides a new perspective for constructing ESPs but also provides important practical guidance for maintaining ecological security and landscape sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]