Search

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is a hazardous by-product of steel production. As global steel output increases, substantial amounts of EAFD are produced, which causes significant environmental issues. EAFD contains amounts of Fe and Zn, which could be reused as raw materials in the steelmaking process. However, zinc oxides can be reduced and vaporized during this process, forming zinc vapor that contaminates equipment surfaces and causes damage. Consequently, various pyrometallurgical methods have been proposed for zinc removal from EAFD. Due to the extensive usage of carbonaceous materials, these methods contribute to significant CO2, raising concerns about greenhouse gas emissions. Microwave heating offers an efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly alternative to pyrometallurgical approaches. EAFD can generate heat under microwave irradiation without carbon addition, which means the CO2 emissions can be reduced by replacing the reductant in the microwave heating process. Furthermore, microwaves enhance zinc removal reactions to a certain extent, resulting in higher efficiency. Thus, employing microwave heating for EAFD processing has significant potential for future development. This paper reviews recent research on using microwave heating for zinc removal from EAFD, focusing on the heating behavior of EAFD in microwaves and the mechanisms of zinc removal. This review will be crucial for researchers working on processing EAFD using microwave heating and could help guide the development of more sustainable and efficient methods.

Background Birth defects pose a major challenge to infant health. Thus far, however, the causes of most birth defects remain cryptic. Over the past few decades, considerable effort has been expended on disclosing the underlying mechanisms related to birth defects, yielding myriad treatises and data. To meet the increasing requirements for data resources, we developed a freely accessible birth defect multi-omics database (BDdb, http://t21omics.cngb.org) consisting of multi-omics data and potential disease biomarkers. Results In total, omics datasets from 136 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Series records, including 5245 samples, as well as 869 biomarkers of 22 birth defects in six different species, were integrated into the BDdb. The database provides a user-friendly interface for searching, browsing, and downloading data of interest. The BDdb also enables users to explore the correlations among different sequencing methods, such as chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) from different studies, to obtain the information on gene expression patterns from diverse aspects. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, the BDdb is the first comprehensive database associated with birth defects, which should benefit the diagnosis and prevention of birth defects.

Four seasonal coronaviruses, including human coronavirus (HCoV)-229E and HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1 cause approximately 15-30% of common colds in adults. However, the full landscape of the immune trajectory to these viruses that covers the whole childhood period is still not well understood.We evaluated the serological responses against the four seasonal coronaviruses in 1886 children aged under 18 years by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The optical density values against each HCoV were determined from each sample. Generalized additive models were constructed to determine the relationship between age and seroprevalence throughout the whole childhood period. The specific antibody levels against the four seasonal coronaviruses were also tested from the plasma samples of 485 pairs of postpartum women and their newborn babies.The immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels of the four seasonal coronaviruses in the mother and the newborn babies were highly correlated (229E: r = 0.63; OC43: r = 0.65; NL63: r = 0.69; HKU1: r = 0.63). The seroprevalences in children showed a similar trajectory in that the levels of IgG in the neonates dropped significantly and reached the lowest level after the age of around 1 year (229E: 1.18 years; OC43: 0.97 years; NL63: 1.01 years; HKU1: 1.02 years) and then resurgence in the children who aged older than 1 year. Using the lowest level from the generalized additive models as our cutoff, the seroprevalences for HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1 were 98.11%, 96.23%, 96.23% and 94.34% at the age of 16-18 years.Mothers share HCoV-specific IgGs with their newborn babies and the level of maternal IgGs waned at around 1 year after birth. The resurgence of the HCoV-specific IgGs was found thereafter with the increase in age suggesting repeated infection occurred in children.

Four seasonal coronaviruses, including HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 cause approximately 15–30% of common colds in adults. However, the frequency and timing of early infection with four seasonal coronaviruses in the infant are still not well studied. Here, we evaluated the serological response to four seasonal coronaviruses in 1886 children under 18-year-old to construct the viral infection rates. The antibody levels were also determined from the plasma samples of 485 pairs postpartum women and their newborn babies. This passive immunity waned at one year after birth and the resurgence of the IgGs were found thereafter with the increase of the age. Taken together, our results show the age-related seroprevalence trajectories of seasonal coronaviruses in children and provide useful information for deciding vaccine strategy for coronaviruses in the future.

Background Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce various bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which endow LAB with a protective role for the host. However, the biosynthetic potentials of LAB-derived SMs remain elusive, particularly in their diversity, abundance, and distribution in the human microbiome. Thus, it is still unknown to what extent LAB-derived SMs are involved in microbiome homeostasis. Results Here, we systematically investigate the biosynthetic potential of LAB from 31,977 LAB genomes, identifying 130,051 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of 2,849 gene cluster families (GCFs). Most of these GCFs are species-specific or even strain-specific and uncharacterized yet. Analyzing 748 human-associated metagenomes, we gain an insight into the profile of LAB BGCs, which are highly diverse and niche-specific in the human microbiome. We discover that most LAB BGCs may encode bacteriocins with pervasive antagonistic activities predicted by machine learning models, potentially playing protective roles in the human microbiome. Class II bacteriocins, one of the most abundant and diverse LAB SMs, are particularly enriched and predominant in the vaginal microbiome. We utilized metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses to guide our discovery of functional class II bacteriocins. Our findings suggest that these antibacterial bacteriocins have the potential to regulate microbial communities in the vagina, thereby contributing to the maintenance of microbiome homeostasis. Conclusions Our study systematically investigates LAB biosynthetic potential and their profiles in the human microbiome, linking them to the antagonistic contributions to microbiome homeostasis via omics analysis. These discoveries of the diverse and prevalent antagonistic SMs are expected to stimulate the mechanism study of LAB’s protective roles for the microbiome and host, highlighting the potential of LAB and their bacteriocins as therapeutic alternatives.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce various bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which endow LAB with a protective role for the host. However, the biosynthetic potentials of LAB-derived SMs remain elusive, particularly in their diversity, abundance, and distribution in the human microbiome. To gain an insight into the biosynthetic capacity of LAB, we analyzed the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from 31,977 LAB genomes and 748 human microbiome metagenomes, identifying 130,051 BGCs. The found BGCs were clustered into 2,849 gene cluster families (GCFs), most of which are species-specific, niche-specific, and uncharacterized yet. We found that most LAB BGCs encoded bacteriocins with pervasive antagonistic activities predicted by machine learning models, potentially playing protective roles in the human microbiome. Class II bacteriocins, the most abundant LAB SMs, are particularly enriched and predominant in vaginal microbiomes. Together with experimental validation, our metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis showed that class II bacteriocins with antagonistic potential might regulate microbial communities in the vagina, thereby contributing to homeostasis. These discoveries of the diverse and prevalent antagonistic SMs are expected to stimulate the mechanism study of LABs' protective roles in the host and highlight the potential of LAB as a new source of antibacterial SMs.

Microbes produce diverse secondary metabolites (SMs) such as signaling molecules and antimicrobials that meditate microbe-microbe interaction. Archaea, the third domain of life, are a large and diverse group of microbes that not only exist in extreme environments but are abundantly distributed throughout nature. However, our understanding of archaeal secondary metabolites lags far behind our knowledge of those in bacteria and eukarya. In particular, the metabolic origin of antagonistic interactions which shape the archaeal community remains elusive. Here, we analyze 7,157 de-replicated archaeal genomes to investigate the biosynthetic potential of archaeal SMs systematically, revealing 5,496 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Up to 2,079 BGCs encoding highly diverse ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are widely distributed across the Archaea domain. Guided by genome mining, we discover three new lanthipeptides with diverse ring topologies from a halophilic archaeon of class Haloarchaea. Of these there lanthipeptides, a representative exhibited anti-archaeal activities against closely-related halophilic archaea, potentially mediating the archaeal antagonistic interactions. These discoveries of the widespread archaeal ribosomal peptide SMs are expected to stimulate the experimental study of poorly characterized archaeal chemical biology and highlight the potential of archaea as a new source of bioactive SMs.

The leading edge of genome editing, driven by CRISPR/Cas technology, is revolutionizing biotechnologies. In pace with the burst of novel genome editing methods, bioinformatic tools to monitor the on/off-target events need to be more evolved as well. Existing tools suffer from limitations in speed and scalability, and they especially struggle with whole genome sequencing (WGS) data analysis which has the potential to detect off-target mutations at a genome-wide level via an unbiased manner. Here, we introduce our CRISPR-detector tool, which is a web-hosted or locally deployable pipeline with five key innovations: 1) optimized scalability allowing for WGS data analysis beyond BED (Browser Extensible Data) file-defined regions; 2) improved accuracy benefiting from haplotype-based variant calling to handle sequencing errors; 3) treated and control sample co-analysis to remove background variants existing prior to genome editing; 4) integrated structural variation (SV) calling; and 5) functional and clinical annotation of editing-induced mutations.

Phalaenopsis orchids are popular ornamental plants worldwide. The application and optimization of efficient CRISPR-Cas genome editing toolkits in Phalaenopsis greatly accelerate the development of orchid gene function and breeding research. However, these methods are greatly hindered by the deficiency of a rapid screening system. In this study, we established a fast and convenient Phalaenopsis protoplast technology for the identification of functional genome editing tools. Two multiplex genome editing tools, PTG-Cas9-HPG (PTG, polycistronic tRNA-gRNA) system and RMC-Cpf1-HPG (RMC, ribozyme-based multi-crRNA) system, were developed for Phalaenopsis genome editing and further evaluated by established protoplast technology. We successfully detected various editing events comprising substitution and indel at designed target sites of the PDS gene and MADS gene, showing that both PTG-Cas9-HPG and RMC-Cpf1-HPG multiplex genome editing systems are functional in Phalaenopsis. Additionally, by optimizing the promoter that drives Cpf1 expression, we found that Super promoter can significantly improve the editing efficiency of the RMC-Cpf1-HPG system. Altogether, we successfully developed two efficient multiplex genome editing systems, PTG-Cas9-HPG and RMC-Cpf1-HPG, for Phalaenopsis, and the established protoplast-based screening technology provides a valuable foundation for developing more diverse and efficient genome editing toolkits and facilitating the development of orchid precision breeding.

The magnetic-thermal coupling effect, which can result in a serious non-reciprocal error, can’t be ignored in high-performance depolarized interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (De-IFOG). In this paper, we research on the magnetic-thermal coupling effect under varying temperature field in De-IFOG theoretically and experimentally. The mechanism of the coupling effect is thoroughly investigated and the related theoretical calculation model is established. The essential differences between the errors caused by varying temperature field and magnetic-varying temperature field are analyzed respectively. Simulations and experiments are consistent with the theoretical model. The experimental results show that, when the temperature varies from -30℃ to 20℃ at the speed of 14℃/h, the peak to peak value of error is up to 35 °/h with a constant magnetic field of 10 Gauss. The results can be used to enhance environmental adaptability of devices such as De-IFOGs, which are in great demands for aerospace applications.

The rapid development of modern science and technology puts forward higher and higher requirements for displacement measurement. As a non-contact measurement technology, laser ranging has played an important role in various fields for the unique advantages and has become a hot topic in the field of measurement research. At present, there are little research on high-precision displacement measurement at medium and long distance, the needs of which are widespread in practical application, so this work has important value. Among various laser ranging technologies, the laser triangulation method has the advantages of high-speed, high precision, simple structure, etc. Therefore, this paper chooses the direct laser triangulation method to carry out the research after analyzed the common types of laser triangulation system. In view of the requirements of high-precision displacement measurement requirements at medium and long distance, this article discussed the design of laser triangulation measuring system and the selection of structural parameters. Then we proposed a direct laser triangulation measurement structure under Scheimpflug conditions. This system selects PSD displacement transducer to collect the position information of the scattered light spot. After that, this paper discusses the principle of laser triangulation distance measurement and simulates the system. Then the influence of different parameters on high-precision displacement measurement and the relationship between them are investigated. Based on the research talked above, we got a set of structural parameters of the displacement measurement system. The measurement accuracy can be ~micron with the working distance of 500mm.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the world’s most common chronic liver disease, is increasingly linked to gut dysbiosis. Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial peptides that regulate the gut microbiome, but their role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains unclear. Here, we determine the changes in NAFLD development and gut microbial composition and function via the injection of dithizone that can pharmacologically deplete the granules of Paneth cells. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J male mice (n = 31) were given a high-fat diet (HFD) or standard control diet for 12 weeks. Dithizone (10 mg/kg) was intravenously injected every 3 weeks during the period of diet feeding. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples for PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time sequencing to identify changes in microbial composition and predicted function. We observed dithizone-treated HFD mice, when compared to non-treated HFD mice, to have significant reductions in hepatic triglyceride content (28.98 vs. 53.52 mg/g, p = 0.0419); plasma insulin level (2.18 vs. 6.63 ng/ml, p = 0.0079); and relative mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (0.52 vs. 1.57, p = 0.0428) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (0.43 vs. 1.20, p = 0.0121). Bacterial taxonomic profiling found dithizone-treated HFD mice, when compared to non-treated HFD mice, had a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (2.53 vs. 5.26, p = 0.0541); a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides ASV21 and ASV42 (1.04 vs. 0.22%, p = 0.0277 and 0.96 vs. 0.09%, p = 0.0213); and a reduction in microbes belonging to Firmicutes (all p < 0.05). Bacteroides species correlated positively with predicted microbial functions such as L-methionine (r = 0.54, p = 0.0019) and tetrahydrofolate (r = 0.52, p = 0.0029) biosynthesis. Collectively, dithizone treatment was associated with alleviation in the severity of liver steatosis in HFD mice, possibly through gut microbiome modulation involving the increase in Bacteroides, suggesting microbiome-targeted therapies may have a role in the treatment of NAFLD.

An optofluidic polymer Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) fabricated via direct laser writing (DLW) on a fiber tip is proposed and experimentally demonstrated as a refractometer where one of the interference arms is made of the polymer waveguide while the other arm is a hollow cavity with a 1- $\mu \text{m}$ wall thickness and containing two open channels. The analytes can be filled through the channels, forming an optofluidic component of the interferometer. In this letter, two MZI microstructures with different hollow lengths are described and characterized. The experimental results of the two MZIs in air and water show that the MZI with a longer hollow cavity has higher sensitivity. Analytes such as de-ionized (DI) water and glucose solutions with different concentrations have been measured in the MZI with the long hollow cavity. The results show that this kind of sensing device provides a promising platform for refractive index measurements with a sensitivity of 593.75 nm/RIU based on the FSR calculation method.

A coupling effect in the single-mode fiber coil (SMFC) of a depolarized interference fiber optic gyroscope (De-IFOG) under time-varying temperature and magnetic field, which can cause a serious nonreciprocal phase error, is revealed. In this paper, the mechanism of the coupling effect is thoroughly studied and the related theory is derived in detail. Simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the validity. The experiments show a peak-to-peak value error of about 50 °/h in the SMFC when the magnitude of magnetic field is 10 Gauss and the temperature uniformly increases from 10 to 60 °C at the rate of 36 °C/h, which cannot be neglected in the applications of De-IFOGs.

Dynamic angle measurement (DAM) is a research hotspot in the fields of aircraft, automobile and navigation. Using fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) to measure the dynamic angle has the advantages of high theoretical accuracy, all solid state and high reliability. In this paper, we propose a performance evaluation system for DAM of FOG based on a high accuracy single-axis rotary table. Besides, in order to solve the problem of multi-path signal synchronization, we propose an algorithm for signal delay measurement. As the experimental results show, the accuracy of the FOG proves to be less than 0.002° while it was 0.06° before synchronization compensation. The facts mentioned above provide the feasibility of achieving good real-time DAM with high accuracy and wide dynamic response.

As one of the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, transcription and translation’s uncoupling plays an essential role in development and adulthood physiology. However, it remains elusive how thousands of mRNAs get translationally silenced while stability is maintained for up to hours or even days before translation. In addition to oocytes and neurons, developing spermatids have significant uncoupling of transcription and translation for delayed translation. Therefore, spermiogenesis represents an excellentin vivomodel for investigating the mechanism underlying uncoupled transcription and translation. Through full-length poly(A) deep sequencing, we discovered dynamic changes in poly(A) length through deadenylation and re-polyadenylation. Deadenylation appeared to be mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs), and transcripts with shorter poly(A) tails tend to be sequestered into ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) for translational repression and stabilization. In contrast, re-polyadenylation allows for translocation of the translationally repressed transcripts from RNPs to polysomes for translation. Overall, our data suggest that miRNA-dependent poly(A) length control represents a novel mechanism underlying uncoupled translation and transcription in haploid male germ cells.

In this paper, a novel optical method is proposed to effectively double the sensitivity of FOGs. Two fiber polarization combiner/splitters (PCS) are added in the traditional FOG optical path, which are able to either combine two orthogonal polarizations transmitting at two different PM fibers into the two orthogonal axes of one PM fiber respectively or split two polarizations transmitting at the two orthogonal axes of one PM fiber into two polarizations to transmit at two different PM fibers respectively. Through the specific placement and coupling of these two fiber polarization combiner/splitters, the incident light can transmit twice along the light path of FOG. The experimental setup is established and the method is verified experimentally. The results show that the proposed method will effectively improve the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of FOG without increasing the length of fiber coil, which is very benefit to improve the technology of FOGs, as well as the miniaturization of FOGs.

Phalaenopsis orchids are popular ornamental plants worldwide. The application of the efficient multiplex genome editing tools in Phalaenopsis, will greatly accelerate the development of orchid gene function and breeding research. In this study, we establish a fast and convenient Phalaenopsis protoplast platform for the identification of functional genome editing tools. Two multiplex genome editing tools, PTG-Cas9 (PTG, polycistronic tRNA gRNA) system and PTGm-Cas9 (PTG-Cas9 system with modified sgRNA structure) system are designed to edit PDS gene of commercial Phalaenopsis ST166 at four target sites. We find that both PTG-Cas9 and PTGm-Cas9 system are functional in Phalaenopsis, and the PTGm-Cas9 system with modified sgRNA has a higher editing efficiency than PTG-Cas9 system. Further, we design another multiplex genome editing tool, termed as DPII-Cpf1 system (dual Pol II promoter to drive the expression of Cpf1 endonuclease and crRNA), to edit PDS gene of Phalaenopsis at four target sites likewise. All the four targets are efficiently edited by DPII-Cpf1 system, and the total mutation rate is about 3 times higher than that of PTGm-Cas9 system. Taken together, using the Phalaenopsis protoplast platform, we successfully establish two efficient multiplex genome editing tools for Phalaenopsis research, PTGm-Cas9 and DPII-Cpf1. The multiplex genome editing tools established in this study have great application potentials in efficiently constructing large-scale knockout mutant libraries of orchid and speeding up orchid precise breeding.

DocMF uses HT DNB sequencing and sequential imaging to detect the cleavage/binding motifs involved in protein-DNA interactions., Here, we report a sensitive DocMF system that uses next-generation sequencing chips to profile protein-DNA interactions. Using DocMF, we successfully identified a variety of endonuclease recognition sites and the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences of different CRISPR systems. DocMF can simultaneously screen both 5′ and 3′ PAMs with high coverage. For SpCas9, we found noncanonical 5′-NAG-3′ (~5%) and 5′-NGA-3′ (~1.6%), in addition to its common PAMs, 5′-NGG-3′ (~89.9%). More relaxed PAM sequences of two uncharacterized Cas endonucleases, VeCas9 and BvCas12a, were extensively characterized using DocMF. Moreover, we observed that dCas9, a DNA binding protein lacking endonuclease activity, preferably bound to the previously reported 5′-NGG-3′ sequence. In summary, our studies demonstrate that DocMF is the first tool with the capacity to exhaustively assay both the binding and the cutting properties of different DNA binding proteins.

Birth defect, not only poses a major challenge for infant health but also attracts the attention of countless people in the world. Chromosome abnormality directly results in diverse birth defects which are generally deleterious and even lethal. Therefore, gaining molecular regulatory insights into these diseases is important and necessary for effective prenatal screening. Recently, with the advance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, a myriad of treatises and data associated with these diseases are now constantly produced from different laboratories across the world. To meet the increasing requirements for birth-related data resources, we developed a birth defect multi-omics database (BDdb), freely accessible at http://t21omics.cngb.org and consisting of multi-omics data, circulating free DNA (cfDNA) data, as well as diseases biomarkers. Omics data sets from 138 GSE samples, 5271 GSM samples and 328 entries, and more than 2000 biomarkers of 22 birth-defect diseases in 5 different species were integrated into BDdb, which provides a user-friendly interface for searching, browsing and downloading selected data. Additionally, we re-analyzed and normalized the raw data so that users can also customize the analysis using the data generated from different sources or different High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) methods. To our knowledge, BDdb is the first comprehensive database associated with birth-defect-related diseases. which would benefit the diagnosis and prevention of birth defects.

A novel special optical fiber, which is very sensitive to magnetic field, is proposed. The two beam lights counter-propagating in this kind of fiber can generate large nonreciprocal phase shift. It can be used in ultra-low magnetic field detection. In this paper, the related theory is derived in detail. The influence of fiber parameters on the effect is simulated and analyzed. It is proved that a magnetic field sensor with pTesla-level precision could be demonstrated with this kind of special fiber in this paper.

BackgroundThe specification and differentiation of neocortical projection neurons is a complex process under precise molecular regulation; however, little is known about the similarities and differences in cerebral cortex development between human and mouse at single-cell resolution.ResultsHere, using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data we explore the divergence and conservation of human and mouse cerebral cortex development using 18,446 and 7,610 neocortical cells. Systematic cross-species comparison reveals that the overall transcriptome profile in human cerebral cortex is similar to that in mouse such as cell types and their markers genes. By single-cell trajectories analysis we find human and mouse excitatory neurons have different developmental trajectories of neocortical projection neurons, ligand-receptor interactions and gene expression patterns. Further analysis reveals a refinement of neuron differentiation that occurred in human but not in mouse, suggesting that excitatory neurons in human undergo refined transcriptional states in later development stage. By contrast, for glial cells and inhibitory neurons we detected conserved developmental trajectories in human and mouse.ConclusionsTaken together, our study integrates scRNA-seq data of cerebral cortex development in human and mouse, and uncovers distinct developing models in neocortical projection neurons. The earlier activation of cognition -related genes in human may explain the differences in behavior, learning or memory abilities between the two species.

Target capture DNA library preparation methods primarily use the biotin-streptavidin interaction to enrich target DNA, requiring complex operations and a time-consuming workflow with a series of wash steps at regulated temperatures. Here, a new method is presented termed 'hook ligation' for target DNA library preparation, using CircLigase to capture target DNA. The concept was validated by library preparation, sequencing, and acquisition of target DNA fragment information through bioinformatics analysis. An efficient reference point for single-strand DNA ligation to a hook sequence using CircLigase is also provided and it is shown that the efficiency can be influenced by the length and the position of the complementary area on the target DNA.

Software compensation is an effective method for enhancing the magnetic field environment adaptability of light-small fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG). In order to decrease the magnetic drift of FOG, an accurate magnetic sensor is typically required to measure the intensity of magnetic field in this software compensation method. The magnetic sensor generally suffers from the measurement error due to the variety of temperature. In order to compensate the magnetic drift of FOG preferably in full temperature range (−40 °C to +60 °C), the temperature sensitivity of the Hall sensor manufactured by Allegro is studied in this paper. Temperature compensation models of quescent voltage output and magnetic sensitivity are established, and the variation is compensated respectively. The measurement precision of Hall sensor is 0.02 G over the temperature from −40 °C to 60 °C after compensation, which meets the requirement of magnetic drift compensation of FOG in full temperature.

A wide dynamic range, high precision, non-contact and large bandwidth angular displacement measurement (ADM) is greatly necessary for the applications such as industrial control and military equipment. This paper proposes a simple and effective ADM method based on Doppler Effect, heterodyne detection and diffuse reflection, which can fulfill these requirements simultaneously. Two beams of parallel light generated by a pair of laser Doppler vibrometers are incident upon the surface of rotational target, then data processing unit acquires the velocity of dual laser incident points on the moving target, and resolves the rotational angular displacement and translation displacement of target through the relationship between dual laser beams dynamically. Several major measurement errors that may affect the ADM accuracy are analyzed. A high precision rotary table is used as an angular displacement standard to verify the measurement range and accuracy, the verification experiment shows that the measurement range is not less than ±10° and the measurement accuracy is 0.0362° based on the method. After using a polynomial error compensation, the measurement accuracy can be promoted to 0.0088°, and this compensation method can be applied to real time measurement.