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Objectives: Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications. Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress is prominent for the development of diabetic polyneuropathy (PNP). Thiol disulfide homeostasis plays a vital role in antioxidant defense. In this study, we aimed to investigate thiol-disulfide homeostasis, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and advanced oxidant protein products (AOPP) in patients with PNP. Methods: Eighty patients with T2DM and 19 healthy controls were included in the study. PNP was assessed by using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument and Electroneuromyography. TAC, AOPP, and total thiols, native thiols and disulfide levels of thiol-disulfide homeostasis parameters were studied with serum samples. The results were compared in patients with/without PNP and control group. Results: Serum HbA1c (9.5 ± 2.0% vs 8.0 ± 1.8%; p = 0.019) and triglyceride levels (204.4 ± 77.0 vs 151.7 ± 58.5 mg/dL, p = 0.014) were significantly higher and serum total thiol levels (540.4 ± 9.9 vs 566.7 ± 2.6 μmol/L, p = 0.038) were significantly lower in patients with PNP. Serum TAC, AOPP, native thiol, and disulfide levels were comparable among patients with/ without PNP. Serum CRP, AOPP, total thiol, and native thiol levels were found to be higher in patients with type 2 DM (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.02 and p = 0.03; respectively) compared to the control group. No correlation was observed between serum thiol-disulfide homeostasis parameters and serum glucose and HbA1c levels. Conclusions: Our study reveals that oxidative stress markers such as serum TAC, AOPP, and disulfide levels are closely related to the existence of diabetes. No significant difference was noted among patients with and without diabetic PNP.

We aim to compare the outcomes of left upper lobectomy and segmentectomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) located at the left upper lobe. We retrospectively reviewed the medical data of patients with NSCLC located in the left upper lobe who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy between 1999 and 2016. Segmentectomy was preferred for patients with stage I who were also eligible for lobectomy and for patients who were not eligible for lobectomy due to limited cardiopulmonary reserve. In total, 127 patients were included into the propensity score analysis by using optimal data matching algorithm. After the 1:2 matching algorithm, 90 patients were divided into two groups; group 1 segmentectomy (n=30), and group 2 lobectomy (n=60). The morbidity, mortality, long-term survival rates and prognostic factors were analyzed. Histopathological investigation revealed 57 patients as stage I [group 1 (n=18), group 2 (n= 39)], 33 patients as stage II-IV [group 1 (n=12), group 2 (n= 21)]. Morbidity rate was 37.78% (37/90) [group 1: n=11 (36.67%), group 2: n=23 (38.33%), p=1.000] along with mortality rate of 1.11% [group 1: n=1 (3.33%), group 2: n=0 (0%), p=0.333]. In stage I patients, mean Kaplan-Meier survival time was 146.09 (95%CI: 111.70-180.49) for group I and 106.99 (95%CI: 77.68-136.30) for group 2 (p=0.185). This study revealed similar outcomes for patients with early stage NSCLC located at the left upper lobe undergoing either segmentectomy or lobectomy. In particular, lingulectomy or trisegmentectomy is recommended as a standard procedure for Stage I NSCLC compared to lobectomy., Sol üst lobda yer alan küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri (KHDAK) için sol üst lobektomi ve segmentektomi sonuçlarını karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Kliniğimizde 1999-2016 yılları arasında sol üst lob yerleşimli KHDAK nedeniyle segmentektomi veya lobektomi uygulanan hastaların verilerini retrospektif olarak inceledik. Segmentektomi; lobektomi için uygun evre I hastalar ve sınırlı kardiyopulmoner rezervi nedeniyle lobektomi için uygun olmayan hastalarda uygulandı. Toplamda 127 hasta optimal veri eşleştirme algoritması kullanılarak propensity skoru analizine dahil edildi. 1: 2 eşleştirme algoritmasından sonra 90 hasta iki gruba ayrıldı; grup 1 segmentektomi (n=30) ve grup 2 lobektomi (n=60). Morbidite, mortalite, uzun dönem sağkalım oranları ve prognostik faktörler analiz edildi. Histopatolojik incelemede 57 hasta evre I [grup 1 (n = 18), grup 2 (n = 39)], 33 hasta evre II-IV [grup 1 (n = 12), grup 2 (n = 21 )] tespit edildi. Morbidite oranı % 37.78 (37/90) [grup 1: n = 11 (% 36.67), grup 2: n = 23 (% 38.33), p = 1.000] ve mortalite oranı % 1.11 [grup 1: n = 1 (% 3.33), grup 2: n = 0 (% 0), p = 0.333] idi. Evre I hastalarda ortalama Kaplan-Meier sağkalım süresi grup 1 için 146.09 (% 95 CI: 111.70-180.49) ve grup 2 için 106.99 (% 95 CI: 77.68-136.30) idi (p = 0.185) olarak sonuçlandı. Bu çalışmada sol üst lobda segmentektomi veya lobektomi uygulanan erken evre KHDAK'li hastalar için benzer sonuçlar elde edildi. Özellikle lingulektomi veya trisegmentektomi, evre I KHDAK için lobektomiye kıyasla standart bir prosedür olarak önerilmektedir.

The aim of our study is to investigate whether pNF-H level is effective in demonstrating traumatic brain injury in serum samples taken from rats with experimental traumatic brain injury. In our experimental study where the Marmarou model was modified and used, it was aimed to create trauma with the intensity of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 Newton respectively by using balls of different weights from different heights with free fall method. The pNF-H level was investigated in the blood taken from the heart of rats 2 hours after the induction of trauma. As a result, the changes in pNF-H levels in the blood taken at the 2nd hour from rats with experimental traumatic brain injury were not found to be statistically significant. These results show that pNF-H, which is studied in the blood in the second hour after traumatic brain injury, is not diagnostically effective., Çalışmamızın amacı deneysel olarak hafif travmatik beyin hasarı oluşturulan sıçanlardan alınan serum örneklerinde pNF-H düzeyinin hasarı göstermede etkin olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Marmarou modelinin modifiye edilerek kullanıldığı deneysel çalışmamızda farklı yüksekliklerden farklı ağırlıklarda bilyeler serbest düşme yöntemiyle bırakılarak sırayla 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 ve 0.4 Newton şiddetinde travma oluşturulması hedeflendi. Travmanın indüksiyonundan 2 saat sonra sıçanların kalbinden alınan kanlarda pNF-H düzeyi araştırıldı. Sonuç olarak deneysel olarak hafif travmatik beyin hasarı oluşturduğumuz ratlarda 2.saatte alınan kanlarda pNF-H düzeylerindeki değişiklikler istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar hafif travmatik beyin hasarından sonraki 2.saatte kanda çalışılan pNF-H’ın tanısal olarak etkin olmadığını göstermektedir.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Bursa ilinde Alzheimer hastalarına bakım veren bireylerin hastalıkla ilgili farkındalık düzeyinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Orta veya ağır evre Alzheimer hastasına en az 6 aydır bire bir bakım veren 50 kişi çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların ve bakım verenlerin demografik özellikleri kayıt altına alındı. Bakım verenlere hastalıkla ilgili basit temel bilgilerin sorgulandığı 10 soruluk bir anket uygulandı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %56’sı hastalıkla karşılaşmadan önce hastalıkla ilgili bilgiye sahip değildi. %50’si yakını Alzheimer tanısı aldıktan sonra hastalıkla ilgili bilgi almak için herhangi bir yönteme başvurmamıştı. Katılımcıların %84’ü hastalığın kalıcı olduğunu, %80’i tedavisinin ilaçlarla yapıldığını bilmekteydi. %86’sı ilaçların şikayetleri sadece kısmen geriletmek için verildiğinin farkındaydı. %54’ü ağızdan alınan tabletler dışında başka tedavi seçeneklerinden haberdar değildi. %44’ü tedaviyle hastalığın düzelmediğini, %50’si ilaçları dönem dönem değiştirmek gerektiğini bilmekteydi. Hastalıkla ilgili sizi en çok sıkıntıya sokan şey nedir sorusuna sırasıyla gece uykusuzluğu, ajitasyonlar, inatçılık, hırçınlık, idrar ve gaita inkontinansı cevapları verildi. Sonuç: Hasta yakınlarının hastalıkla ilgili yeterli bilgiye sahip olması hastalığın erken tanınması, hastalığa bağlı gelişen problemlerin anlaşılabilmesi ve tedavi sürecinin düzgün yönetilmesine olanak sağlayacaktır., Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the level of knowledge of Alzheimer Disease (AD) among caregivers in Bursa. Material and Methods: 50 caregivers who were taking care of medium or sever Alzheimer patient at least for six months one to one were included to the study. The demographic characteristics of patients and caregivers were reported. A survey consisted of 10 questions which question basic main data about the illness was applied to caregivers. Results: %56 of participants did not have knowledge about the illness before they met the disease. %50 of caregivers did not try any methods after the patients diagnosed with Alzheimer. %84 of the participants knew that the disease was persistent and %80 of them knew that the treatment was made by medicines. %86 of them realize that the medicines was given only to back space the disease. %54 of them was unposted about the treatment alternatives except oral tablets. %44 of them knew that the disease did not get better with medicine and %50 of them knew that they have to change the medicine time to time. When we asked the most thing that worry the caregivers the answers were sleeplessness, agitation, tenacity, irritability, urine and fecal incontinence. Conclusion: The enough knowledge of caregivers about the illness may provide facility to early diagnosis, understand problems about the illness, manage the treatment process.

Background: The frequency of chronic diseases, number of drugs used, and number of medication errors have increased in the elderly. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use and medication errors in elderly patients admitted to a university hospital and to identify the influencing factors. Material and Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, the patients’ characteristics, drug use patterns, and medication errors in the previous month were recorded in detail. Following this, PIM use was assessed according to the 2015 Beers Criteria. Results: A total of 721 elderlay patients (60.9% female and 39.1% male) were included in this study. The mean number of drugs used by the patients per day was 4.6±2.8 and the rate of polypharmacy was 49.4%. The rate of medication errors was 54.2%, that of PIM use was 30.1%, and that of adverse drug reactions was 22.5%; these rates were higher in patients with polypharmacy. The most common medication error, PIM use, and adverse drug reaction were the omission of a daily dose (36.5%), inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors (10%), and gastrointestinal system-related symptoms (7.7%), respectively. Diabetes mellitus and depression were found to be independent factors associated with medication errors. Conclusions: In the present study, patient-related medication errors, PIM use, and adverse drug reactions were more frequently observed in elderly patients with polypharmacy. In addition, medication errors were more commonly observed in elderly with diabetes mellitus and depression.

Objectives: It is aimed to examine the position of our country and the European Union member and candidate countries in terms of mortality rates according to the motality causes defined in global health estimate categories determined by the World Health Organization and to reveal the similarities or differences. Methods: According to the World Health Organization global health estimate categories given in the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study of World Health Organization, age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 population were obtained for a total of 31 European Union member and candidate countries, and the muldimensional scaling analysis performed groups of the countries according to their dimensions obtained from multidimensional scale were determined and among these groups comparisons have been made. Results: As a result of applying multidimensional scaling analysis, it was seen that countries can be represented in two-dimensional space according to the variables of interest. Conclusions: It has been observed that our country differs from countries with cardiovascular diseases in the first dimension from the World Health Organization categories, while in the second dimension, infectious and parasitic diseases differ from countries with high standardized mortality rates.

Background: Cases of poisoning constitute aglobally significant medical, social and economic problem. The annual incidenceof poisoning cases in developed countries with suicidal purposes or accidentalintake varies in the range of 0.02-0.93%, and it continues to increase eachyearObjectives: The purpose of thisstudy is to investigate the demographic characteristics, etiology and prognosisof patients who visit emergency department due to intoxication and examine thechanges in the factors of intoxication based on years.Methods: This studyinvestigated data collected in the period of 2010-2018 in Bursa, Turkey by theProvincial Directorate of Health by using “18/C Intoxication Case ReportingForms” on patients who visited the emergency departments due to acute toxicity.Results: The most frequentlyencountered cause of poisoning was therapeutic medication (n=11243, 39.75%). Among the factors with significant changes in frequencythrough the years, it was seen that poisoning by therapeutic drugs (p, AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanınamacı intoksikasyon nedeniyle acil servislere başvuran hastaların demografiközellikleri, etyolojisi ve prognozunu incelemek; zehirlenme etkenlerininyıllara göre değişimini araştırmaktır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: 2010-2017 tarihleri arasındaBursa ilinde, akut zehirlenme nedeniyle acil servislere başvuran ve İl SağlıkMüdürlüğünce “18/C Zehirlenme Vaka Bildirim Formları” kullanılarak toplananverilerin analizi yapıldı.BULGULAR: Çalışmada yer alan 28281 hastanın%56,41’i (n=15927) kadın, %43,59’u (n=12354) erkekti. En sık gözlenen zehirlenme nedeninin terapotikilaçlara bağlı olduğu gözlenmiştir (n=11243, %39,75). İkinci sırada karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi (n=7043, %24,90) ve üçüncü sırada ise besin zehirlenmesi(n=4953, %17,51) yer almaktadır. Başvuru sıklığı yıllar içinde anlamlı değişimgösteren etkenler incelendiğinde terapötik ilaçlarla zehirlenme(p

Introduction: Parkinson-s disease is the second leading neurodegenerative disease worldwide; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Recently, the neuroinflammation theory, one of the theories explaining the pathogenesis of Parkinson-s disease, has become prominent. We investigated the relationship between Parkinson-s disease and inflammatory markers including epicardial adipose tissue thickness, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and thrombocyte-lymphocyte ratio.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the most frequent causes of blindness in newborn babies. Currently, its etiology is not fully understood. In this study we aimed to investigate the correlation between a patient group with ROP and a control group in terms of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (G308A) gene and glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) (Ile105Val) gene polymorphism. Materials and methods: Sixty-two patients diagnosed with ROP and 58 control subjects were included in this study. For TNF-alpha (G308A) gene and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) gene polymorphisms, the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used. In statistical analysis the significance level was determined as P < 0.05. Results: When the patient and control groups were compared in terms of TNF-alpha (G308A) gene and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) gene polymorphisms, no statistically significant difference was found (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, no correlation was identified between TNF-alpha (G308A) gene and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility for development of ROP. Further studies are required with more cases of ROP patients and other gene polymorphisms that could be related.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the shape differences in the corpus callosum and cerebellum of migraine patients compared with healthy controls and to assess whether migraine attack frequency and disease duration are indicators for brain abnormalities in migrain cases. Material and Methods: This study included magnetic resonance imaging scans of 25 control subjects and 38 migraine patients. The data were obtained from the coordinate of landmarks analyzed with statistical shape analysis. A generalized Procrustes analysis was used to investigate shape differences. Witelson subdivision was used to further assess the regional shape differences in corpus callosum. Results: The shape of the corpus callsoum in controls was significantly different from the shape in migraine patients. Migraine patients had deformations in corpus callosum compared to control patients where the most prominent deformations were seen in the posterior midbody of corpus callosum. According to Witelson subdivions deformation in in the rostral body was less prominent. There was no global or regional shape difference between patients with migraine and controls for cerebellum. No significant correlation was recognized between the size and disease duration or frequency of migraine attacks, both for corpus callosum and cerebellum. Conclusion: The data suggest that migraine sufferers have global structural changes in corpus callosum but not in cerebellum, and that deformations did not vary with the disease progress.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to list errors in statistical analysis and presentation detected during the first review of submitted manuscripts, compared to the literature reviewing published articles. Material and Methods: Statistical errors determined during the first review by the biostatistics reviewer in manuscripts included in the study were presented. All studies were assessed by the same biostatistics specialist. The defined statistical errors were classified by 4 biostatistics specialist respectively. Results: No statistical errors were found in 4.42% of 181 original manuscripts; 73.99% of 173 original manuscripts with statistical errors were accepted following the correction of the statistical errors. The most common statistical errors were errors related to test in 34.59%, p-values in 17.36%, summarizing data in 15.60% and incorrect and insufficient demonstration of descriptive statistics in 15.60%. Conclusion: Considering that the errors in scientific papers are reviewed and corrected by researchers according to the suggestions of the reviewer, researchers with lack of statistical solid background are found to make errors in the process of utilizing statistics in their studies. In some cases, although researchers get statistical counseling, they make errors in the presentation while writing the papers. In conclusion, it is of major importance that the submitted manuscripts be reviewed in terms of biostatistical analyses to prevent statistical and interpretation errors. Bu çalışmada, yayımlanmış makaleler üzerinde yapılmış çalışmalardan farklı olarak, makalenin ilk değerlendirmesi aşamasında, istatistiksel uygulamalarda ve sunuşlarda yapıldığı belirlenen hataların listelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya alınan orijinal makalelerde, biyoistatistik hakemi tarafından ilk incelenmede belirlenen istatistiksel hatalar raporlanmıştır. Tüm çalışmalar aynı biyoistatistik uzmanı tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. Belirlenen hatalar 4 biyoistatistik uzmanı tarafından sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgular: Yüz seksen bir çalışmanın %4,42’sinde istatistiksel olarak bir hata bulunmamıştır. İstatistiksel hata bulunan 173 çalışmanın %73,99’u istatistiksel hataların düzeltilmesi sonucunda kabul edilmiştir. En çok görülen istatistiksel hatalar sıklık sırasına göre şu şekilde sıralanabilir: testlerle ilgili hatalar %34,59, p değeri ile ilgili hatalar %17,36, verilerin sunulmasındaki hatalar %15,60, betimleyici istatistiklerin hatalı ve eksik gösterimi %15,60. Sonuç: Yapılan hatalar incelendiğinde ve yazarların istenen revizyonlarda hataları düzeltme gayretleri dikkate alındığında, özellikle yeterli istatistik bilgisine sahip olmayan araştırmacıların istatistikten faydalanma sürecinde çalışmalarda hatalar yaptıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Bazı durumlarda ise araştırmacıların istatistiksel danışmanlık almalarına rağmen, çalışmaların yazım aşamasında sunumuyla ilgili hatalar yaptıkları görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, istatistiksel analiz ve yorum hatalarının engellenmesi için dergilere gönderilen çalışmaların biyoistatistiksel açıdan incelenmesi önemli ve zorunludur

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the most frequent causes of blindness in newborn babies. Currently, its etiology is not fully understood.-In this study we aimed to investigate the correlation between a patient group with ROP and a control group in terms of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (G308A) gene and glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) (Ilel05Val) gene polymorphism.Sixty-two patients diagnosed with ROP and 58 control subjects were included in this study. For TNF-alpha (G308A) gene and GSTP1 (Ilel05Val) gene polymorphisms, the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used. In statistical analysis the significance level was determined as P0.05.When the patient and control groups were compared in terms of TNF-alpha (G308A) gene and GSTP1 (Ilel05Val) gene polymorphisms, no statistically significant difference was found (P0.05).In our study, no correlation was identified between TNF-alpha (G308A) gene and GSTP1 (Ilel05Val) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility for development of ROP. Further studies are required with more cases of ROP patients and other gene polymorphisms that could be related.