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While emerging markets have become an opportunity for companies in the less populated and saturated markets to expand their business, they also impose challenges for foreign partners’ competitive behavior. To offer the value that would be competitive in emerging markets, companies need to improve the quality of their relationship with business partners. Relationship quality may enhance the probability of continued interchange between companies and their stakeholders, leading to increased attractiveness for the emerging markets’ economy. This research explores antecedents (communication and relationship longevity) of relationship quality with stakeholders (suppliers, customers, and employees) and how the relationship quality with three stakeholders impacts the company’s performance risk and competitive advantage in the Lithuanian hotel, restaurant, and café market. The findings suggest that communication and relationship longevity have a positive effect on relationship quality with all three stakeholders. A higher level of relationship quality with stakeholders has a more positive effect on competitive advantage and a more significant negative effect on performance risk. The study expands the understanding of relationship quality antecedents (communication and relationship longevity) and relationship quality with customers, suppliers, and employees in terms of competitive advantage and performance risk in the less populated and saturated hotel, restaurant, and café market seeking expansion to emerging markets.

8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 1486-1489, The actual climate crisis generated by the global warming requires a strong civic participation to find a sustainable solution to overcome this critical time. The COP26, the UN climate conference, which took place last year in Glasgow, has the highest participation rate in COP´s history despite the global pandemic. The world was expecting more ambitious actions for a clean global energy transition to achieve the 1.5 degree-goal. It is now clear that this ambitious goal cannot be achieved only by political decisions. A strong civic participation is required to make sure that the global warming will not lead to an irreversible status of the climatic crisis characterized by climate events, which will make the life of human beings not more sustainable on this planet. Social innovations are the key to overcome this crisis and provide a sustainable solution to the mitigation of global warming towards the achievement of 1.5 degree-goal. Social innovations are defined as “New ideas (products, services and models) that simultaneously meet social needs (more effectively than alternatives) and create new social relationships or collaborations. In other words, they are innovations that are not only good for society but also enhance society’s capacity to act”. Source: Empowering people, driving change, Bureau of European Advisers (BEPA), Brussels (2011). In the renewable energy sector, social innovations are identified as the business models able to support the production of renewable energy and, at the same time, the cooperation among citizens. As common denominator they have the concept of “power of many” to highlight that, through the union of small contributions, it is possible to build projects having positive environmental, economic and social impacts. The business models implementing social innovation in the renewable energy sector are cooperatives, aggregators and crowdfunding platforms. The development of renewable energies and a greater civic participation will be the two pillars of the clean energy transition. Social innovations can combine these two fundamental aspects and lead to the energy democracy and, as consequence, to a mitigation of the global warming. This paper has been prepared in the framework of the European project SocialRES (Fig. 1), which has the aim to investigate the business models of social innovations in the renewable energy sector to provide the owners or managers of crowdfunding platforms and cooperatives and aggregators, named “the facilitators of energy democracy”, with new tools to further support the production of renewable energy and the participation of citizens.

The Change4Life Food Scanner app is a UK Government dietary app designed to provide feedback on the nutritional content of packaged foods to parents and their children. To understand its intended mechanism of behavior change and how Behavior Change Technique (BCT) content evolves with app updates, this research aimed to map out the BCTs of two versions of the Change4Life Food Scanner app. Two coders undertook a descriptive comparative analysis of the use of BCTs in the Food Scanner app using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy [both the outdated (v1.6) and updated (v2.0) versions of the app were coded]. Results showed that both versions encompass the BCTs “goal setting (behavior)”, “feedback on behavior”, “social support (unspecified)”, “instruction on how to perform behavior”, “salience of consequences”, “prompts/cues” and “credible source”. The outdated version contained the BCT “behavior substitution” which had been dropped in the updated version. The updated version featured the additional BCTs “information about social and environmental consequences”, “information about emotional consequences”, “social reward” and “social incentive” and was comparatively more BCT intensive in terms of content and occurrence. The BCT content of the Food Scanner app resembles that of existing dietary apps and incorporates several BCTs which have previously been found to be effective. Future work to evaluate the effectiveness of the app is recommended. This will provide insight into whether the combination of BCTs used in the Change4Life Food Scanner app are effective in improving dietary choices.

Purpose Intellectual property theft amounts to billions of dollars per year worldwide. The first step in stemming this loss is to understand the underlying precursors of this behavior. This paper aims to propose and test a model of consumer choice to purchase or pirate intellectual property, specifically music. This paper combines and applies the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and Becker’s theory of crime to develop a more comprehensive model of digital piracy behavior. Culture was tested as an antecedent to the attitudes and the perceptions of risk associated with music piracy. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 4,618 participants was conducted across 23 countries. Construct measures were validated using confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL. A conceptual model was tested using logistic structural equation modeling in MPlus. Respondents were asked about the last music they acquired to test a behavioral model of music piracy. Findings The results indicated that culture, specifically rule orientation and uncertainty avoidance, had a significant impact on attitudes toward the music industry, ethical perceptions of music piracy and risk perceptions. Respondents’ ethical perceptions of downloading had the highest impact on music piracy behavior. The personal/copy risk associated with the illegal downloading of music had a significant impact while the relative channel risk did not. The market value, quality and selection also had a significant impact on downloading behavior, as did the respondent's ability to find and download music. Research limitations/implications While this paper was limited by focusing on the illegal downloading of music, the results can provide guidance in the design of future research concerning the piracy and unlicensed downloading of other types of intellectual properties such as movies/videos, TV, paywall content and e-books. Practical implications In recent years, improved access to music and video through online streaming and online stores has significantly decreased music piracy. This research indicated that further inroads into this behavior could be made through better online purchase access and through consumer education about the ethics and results of digital downloading. Further, efforts are more efficient by targeting cultures with lower levels of rule orientation with ethics education and targeted risk messages in countries with higher uncertainty avoidance. Social implications Yearly losses to the music industry amount to about $5-29bn. Many find music and video downloading and “sharing” as acceptable. The model developed in this research has implications to affect this mass loss of revenue to the music industry and perhaps the societal view of downloading behavior that is illegal but commonly accepted. Originality/value This model is the first to integrate cultural aspects into models of digital piracy. In addition, the model is developed from a strong theoretical base (TRA and Becker’s theory of crime) to integrate multiple antecedents to intellectual property theft research.

As the use of social media continues to grow in practice and as an academic discipline, so too does the need for marketing students (and faculty) to develop and maintain a career-focused and curren...

Aims: Oral and systemic comorbidities are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and are considered to be important predictors of the disease. Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count serves as an important marker for the progression of HIV to AIDS. Our objective was to correlate the oral and systemic comorbidities associated with HIV infection with CD4 count in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Materials and methods: This was an observational study among 110 HIV-diagnosed patients. The oral and systemic comorbidities were noted and compared to their CD4 counts. A Chi-square analysis was carried out to see the association of oral manifestations. Results: Among the study subjects, 50 (45.5%) participants had a CD4 count of >500 cells/μL, 46 (41.8%) patients had a CD4 count of 200–499 cells/μL, whereas 14 (12.7%) had 500 cells/μL; dental caries (n = 28, 60.90%), intraoral pigmentation (n = 23, 50%), and periodontitis (n = 20, 43.50%) in patients with a CD4 count between 200 and 499; and dental caries (n = 9, 64.30%), periodontitis (n = 7, 50%), and candidiasis 6 (42.90%) among subjects with CD4 counts

Background: The objective of the present study was to assess the accuracy of age estimation from TCI ofmandibular molars (except wisdom teeth) of both sides using CBCT images of known age and sex, so thatwe can apply this method to estimate age in both living individuals and skeletal material of unknown age.Methods: A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted on a total of 100 CBCT images of subjectswho were referred to the department for varied diagnostic purposes of known age and gender. All CBCTimages with a fully visible pulp cavity were selected. Two measurements were taken at two different levels.Height of the crown (CH) and height of the coronal pulp cavity (CPCH). Then tooth – coronal index (TCI)for each tooth was calculated as follows: TCI = CPCH X 100 / CH.Results: Comparison of TCI value between male and female showed no significant difference between thegender. Among the four mandibular molars (lower left and right1stand 2nd molars) 46 and 47 TCI correlateswell with age. TCI of 46 has significant prediction of age in female with an R value of 0.426. Inter observermeasurements showed a moderate to good agreement of the measures.Conclusions: TCI method of mandibular teeth was found to be a reliable method for age estimation and notgender determination. CBCT can be used in age determination for forensic purposes as it is non- invasiveand also makes it possible to reconstruct the images in different planes showing the anatomical and imagedstructures at different planes.

Aim The aim of our study was to measure the frontal sinus morphology that could aid us in gender determination and also to assess the difference in measurements between the right and left frontal sinus. Materials and methods A retrospective study was done using 100 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images (50 males and 50 females) matched with age and gender with full field of view (FOV). The examinations were carried out using Promax 3DMid (Planmeca Oy., Helsinki, Finland) CBCT unit. The frontal sinus was assessed in coronal, sagittal, and axial planes, and the maximum measurements in each section were recorded. The results to compare the right and left frontal sinus were analyzed using paired t-tests, and independent Student's t-test was used to compare the difference in measurements of frontal sinus between males and females. Results We found that the left side of the frontal sinus was bigger than the right side, and while comparing between the genders, it was found that the measurements were greater in males. Statistically significant results were obtained on comparing between the sides and gender. Conclusion As mentioned in previous studies, frontal sinus measurements are significantly higher in males compared with females which can, therefore, be used in gender identification in cases of mass disasters. Clinical significance Frontal sinus measurements can be used as an adjunct in gender identification in mass disasters and with advances in technology. Cone beam computed tomography, in addition to providing accurate measurements, has overcome all the disadvantages with two-dimensional imaging. How to cite this article Denny C, Jacob AS, Ahmed J, Natarajan S, Binnal A, Sujir N. Frontal Sinus as an aid in Gender Identification in Forensic Dentistry: A Retrospective Study using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. World J Dent 2018;9(1):34-37.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of Haller cells and the association between their existence and size of these cells with maxillary sinusitis and orbital floor dehiscence on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on 300 CBCT scans with 200 ×170 cm field of view (FOV) taken for various purposes like implants and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) analysis. The CBCT scans and demographic details, such as age and gender of the patients obtained from the institution’s Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) archive folder. The scans were checked for the presence of Haller cells, maxillary sinusitis, and orbital dehiscence. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between Haller cells and maxillary sinusitis and orbital dehiscence and p-values of 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: A statistically significant association was noted between the existence of Haller cells and maxillary sinusitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean size of the Haller cells between both the groups, although the more number of medium and large size Haller cells are noted in the population with sinusitis. Orbital dehiscence and Haller cells have shown statistically significant association. Conclusion: The explanation of maxillary sinusitis based on mechanical obstruction is likely. This study provides evidence for the usefulness of CBCT scan in delineation of the sinonasal anatomy. Clinical significance: The present study also marks the usefulness of CBCT scan in delineating osteomeatal complex at substantially higher precision with lesser radiation and low cost.

The coalescence and subsequent divergence of glaciers near the McLeod Lake map area during the last (Fraser) glaciation are recorded by landforms, ice-flow indicators, and the distribution of sediments. Ice initially flowed into the study area from the northwest, with at least one fluctuation in the ice-front position. Ice flow during glacial maximum was generally to the northeast and transitioned to the east during deglaciation. The Quaternary stratigraphic record spans the Fraser Glaciation and is represented by a sequence of advance glaciolacustrine sediments, multiple till units, retreat glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial sediments, and associated postglacial aeolian material. The surficial geology is dominated by thick, streamlined till that thins where relief is high. Glaciofluvial outwash occurs mostly in northeast- and southeast-trending meltwater channels, while ice-contact glaciofluvial deposits and ablation till occur in depressions throughout the region. Extensive glaciolacustrine deposits blanket low-lying regions in the southern parts of the study area. Meltwater and ice-flow features suggest that deglaciation in the region was dominantly frontal retreat and that ice was largely active as it retreated through the study area. Postglacial aeolian activity was brief; optical dating on K-feldspar from aeolian landforms indicates that the landforms had stabilized by between 8.71–10.71 and 12.3–14.3 ka, and provides minimum ages for ice retreat. The data from the study area are evaluated with similar data from adjacent regions to develop an ice-flow history, and refine the conceptual model of deglaciation for the northern Interior Plateau.

As use of social media continues to grow, there is evidence that student skills in social media marketing are inadequate to meet the needs of potential employers and that student skills in the professional use of social media for personal branding are limited. This paper presents details for implementing a Twitter project in a digital marketing course as a means of addressing these gaps. Student feedback on this project indicated that their skills in social media marketing, digital marketing and personal branding were improved. Suggestions for use of Twitter in other courses are also presented.

36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2025-2029, SocialRES aims to devise effective ways of increasing social innovation leading to greater social acceptability of renewable energy systems. This is done by a better understanding of support structures for successful social innovations in the renewable energy sector such as Renewable Energy Cooperatives, Aggregators and Crowdfunding Platforms. These businesses facilitate consumers to take an active role in the electricity system. Through research excellence and co-creation of knowledge, SocialRES will develop socially innovative and inclusive strategies for the energy system of the future. SocialRES will supplement the existing fragmented data on social innovations with new understandings from businesses, end-users and stakeholders to provide a comprehensive evidence base for policy design. Innovative techniques will be employed such as a Peer to Peer (P2P) crowd-investing for renewable energy sources projects, P2P lending and P2P virtual photovoltaic electricity platform for aggregators. The innovative P2P photovoltaic virtual platform will be developed as a pilot software application in off-line mode and will facilitate the understanding about existing barriers within current electricity markets and policies. Experience will therefore be accumulated related to the main issues with the common access for energy trades between different actors on the market: prosumers, consumers, balancing responsible party and distributed photovoltaic generators.