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Spatiotemporal data visualization is of paramount importance in several applications, especially for analyzing urban mobility data encoded on topologies. This paper introduces a novel solution, called Temporal Topology Density Map (TTDM), to represent 2D discrete spatial data with temporal variations into a 2D continuous spatial space constrained by a topology. The proposed approach combines topological density maps with Change Frequency Heatmap (CFH) to convey visual information regarding temporal changes, leading to a new visualization method. Two case studies related to the analysis of response time associated with emergency services and walkability changes over time in specific areas of interest demonstrated the effectiveness of TTDM in challenging scenarios. The proposed solution provides an intuitive visualization for supporting the accurate analysis of spatiotemporal data changes over time using topology density maps.

Introduction: It is clinically important to analyze the initial contact state between an implant and femoral cortical bone as it affects clinical outcomes, such as stress shielding, stem subsidence, thigh pain, and patient-reported outcomes after total hip arthroplasty. Whether the initial contact state of a double-tapered fully hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated stem is achieved with the preserved cancellous or cortical bone remains to be established. This study aimed to compare the contact area with the femoral cortical bone between a double-tapered fully HA-coated stem (HA group) and a tapered wedge cementless stem (TW group) using three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT)-based templating software. Materials and methods: Forty-seven total hip arthroplasties in the HA and TW groups each were retrospectively analyzed. The contact area between the implant and femoral cortical bone in the whole stem and at each Gruen zone was measured using density mapping with 3DCT-based templating software. Results: The demographic data were not significantly different between the two groups. The contact area in the whole stem area was lower in the HA group (HA 5.4 ± 1.8% vs. TW 9.0 ± 4.8%, p < 0.01). The HA group had a lower contact area in zone 2 (HA 6.7 ± 6.5% vs. TW 15.6 ± 10.8%, p < 0.01) and zone 6 (HA 1.8 ± 3.5% vs. TW 6.3 ± 3.6%, p < 0.01) than the TW group. The implant type (β = 0.41, p < 0.01) and stem coronal alignment (β = − 0.29, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of the contact area in the whole stem area in a multiple regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.27, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The contact area of the double-tapered fully HA-coated stem was significantly lower than that of the tapered wedge cementless stem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Revelation Hip System is a cementless stem with a lateral flare concept. Stable fixation is achieved by fitting the stem to the medullary cavity of the proximal lateral femoral cortex. Patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty using the Revelation Hip System show good postoperative clinical and radiographic outcomes. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has reported the relationship between stem fitting and clinical or radiological outcomes after the surgery. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between stem fitting and clinical or radiological outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the Revelation Hip System. In this study, 28 hips of 26 patients who were treated with the Revelation Hip System for osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, rheumatoid arthritis, and rapidly destructive coxarthropathy and were followed up for > 5 y were enrolled. These patients were divided into two groups, including the rest fit group (11 hips, group R) and the control group (17 hips, group C), according to the results of the density mapping analysis. In group R, the lateral side of the stem fits on the medullary cavity of the proximal lateral femoral cortex, while in group C, the lateral side of the stem did not fit. Radiographic results showed no significant differences between the groups in terms of stem alignment, subsidence, and stress shielding around the cup. The incidence of stress shielding around the stem in zone 7 was not significant but tended to be higher in group R than in group C (p = 0.052). Clinical outcomes showed no significant differences between group R and group C in terms of the Harris hip score, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ) total score. However, pain complaints that were assessed by patient-reported outcomes using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) bodily pain and vitality subscales and the JHEQ pain subscale were significantly higher in group R than in group C at the final follow-up. These results suggest that some patients had pain complaint even if the stems were inserted as per the concept after THA with the Revelation Hip System. Trial Registration 911. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for hip disorders helps to alleviate pain and improve active daily life. When determining the effects of medical therapy and the subsequent clinical results, patient quality of life (QOL) also needs to be assessed. Recently, patient-reported outcomes (PRO) have become important as evaluation criteria. This study aimed to evaluate patient QOL and various PRO between different types of cementless stems and to clarify the relationship between PRO and stem-cortical bone contact. The study comprised 138 consecutive patients undergoing cementless THA for hip osteoarthritis. We assessed three different types of PRO: the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip-Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ), patient's joint perception, and peri-hip articular joint pain (PHAP). We measured the state of contact between femur and implant by density mapping. No significant difference was noted in PRO between stem types based on the JHEQ and patient's joint perception. PHAP occurred more frequently in the patients with a taper wedge stem versus a fit-and-fill stem. In both groups, distal contact was associated with PHAP but not with JHEQ results and patient's joint perception. The difference in PHAP between the two stem types groups was significant, with postoperative PHAP being higher with the taper wedge stem because of the more distal contact between the taper wedge stem and femur cortical bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound is a continually developing technology that is broadly used for fast, non-destructive mechanical property detection of hard and soft materials in applications ranging from manufacturing to biomedical. In this study, a novel monostatic longitudinal ultrasonic pulsing elastography imaging method is introduced. The existing elastography methods require an acoustic radiational or dynamic compressive externally applied force to determine the effective bulk modulus or density. This new, passive M-mode imaging technique does not require an external stress and can be effectively used for both soft and hard materials. Strain map imaging and shear wave elastography are two current categories of M-mode imaging that show both relative and absolute elasticity information. The new technique is applied to hard materials and soft material tissue phantoms for demonstrating effective bulk modulus and effective density mapping. When compared with standard techniques, the effective parameters fall within 10% of standard characterization methods for both hard and soft materials. As neither the standard A-mode imaging technique nor the presented technique require an external applied force, the techniques are applied to composite heterostructures and the findings presented for comparison. The presented passive M-mode technique is found to have enhanced resolution over standard A-mode modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel hybrid model (MTYOLOX) for tree-level apple inflorescences detection. • Multi-transformers-based CNN structure was designed to improve the detection effect. • The proposed model shows competitive performance compared with different models. Fruit tree-specific management plays a vital role in ensuring fruit quality and quantity. Monitoring inflorescence information is essential for apple tree cultivation activity such as inflorescence thinning in the early flowering phase. The proportion to be thinned is mainly determined by the inflorescence intensity of the whole tree. Most existing researches pay more attention to apple flower detection in local regions of the tree, but a small subset of trees cannot provide tree-level information on inflorescences. Therefore, a novel transformer-based CNN model, MTYOLOX, is presented for robustly detecting full tree inflorescences. The DAT-Darknet and ST-PAFPN modules based on multiple self-attention mechanisms are designed and rationally embedded into the backbone and neck of the network to explore the potential global context information and extract more distinguished features for inflorescences detection. The MTYOLOX exhibits robust adaptability to variable illumination directions in the uncontrolled and challenging orchard environment. Comparisons with representative detection methods (SSD, FCOS, Faster RCNN, YOLOv4, YOLOv5s, Variant YOLOv5s, YOLOXs and YOLOv7) show that the proposed MTYOLOX achieves the highest AP 50 of 0.834 and AR 50 of 0.933 with encouraging detection speed, total parameters, flops and model size. The competitive performance indicated that the proposed method is feasible for apple inflorescences detection of the whole tree. On the basis of detection results from the MTYOLOX, the tree-level inflorescences density mapping is implemented for the potential commercial application. This study is expected to provide a solution reference for precision horticulture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Determine the ability of quantitative CT (QCT) in defining parenchymal density changes in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Material & methods Mean lung density (MLD) and percentage distribution values (PDV) were calculated in 34 patients suspected of PE using software application based on computerized volumetric anatomical segmentation. Results Total, left, and right MLD differed significantly between emboli positive(n = 23) and negative(n = 11) groups( p < 0.006, p < 0.009, p < 0.014). PDVs differed between groups ( p < 0.05) except for LUZ and RLZ. When PE was present in lobe &/segment branches, PDVs were significantly lower except RUZ. Conclusion QCT is a promising application for defining parenchymal density changes in PE revealing potential functional impact of emboli. This preliminary study suggests QCT could provide added value to CTPA in peripheral PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It would be ideal if surgeons could precisely confirm whether the planned femoral component achieves the best fit and fill of implant and femur. However, the cortico-cancellous interfaces can be difficult to standardize using plain radiography, and therefore, determining the contact state is a subjective decision by the examiner. Few reports have described the use of CT-based three-dimensional templating software to quantify the contact state of stem and femur in detail. The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional templating software to quantify the implant-femur contact state and develop a technique to analyze the initial fixation pattern of a cementless femoral stem. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 55 hips in 53 patients using a short proximal fit-and-fill anatomical stem (APS Natural-Hip™ System). All femurs were examined by density mapping which can visualize and digitize the contact state. We evaluated the contact state of implant and femur by using density mapping. Results: The varus group (cases that had changed varus 2° by 3 months after surgery) consisted of 11 hips. The varus group showed no significant difference with regard to cortical contact in the proximal medial portion (Gruen 7), but the contact area in the distal portion (Gruen 3 and Gruen 5) was significantly lower than that of non-varus group. Density mapping showed that the stem only has to be press-fit to the medial calcar, but also must fill the distal portion of the implant in order to achieve the ideal contact state. Conclusions: Our results indicated that quantifying the contact state of implant and femur by using density mapping is a useful technique to accurately analyze the fixation pattern of a cementless femoral stem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A screening procedure was developed that takes advantage of the cellular normalization by micropatterning and a novel quantitative organelle mapping approach that allows unbiased and automated cell morphology comparison using black-box statistical testing. Micropatterns of extracellular matrix proteins force cells to adopt a reproducible shape and distribution of intracellular compartments avoiding strong cell-to-cell variation that is a major limitation of classical culture conditions. To detect changes in cell morphology induced by compound treatment, fluorescently labeled intracellular structures from several tens of micropatterned cells were transformed into probabilistic density maps. Then, the similarity or difference between two given density maps was quantified using statistical testing that evaluates differences directly from the data without additional analysis or any subjective decision. The versatility of this organelle mapping approach for different magnifications and its performance for different cell shapes has been assessed. Density-based analysis detected changes in cell morphology due to compound treatment in a small-scale proof-of-principle screen demonstrating its compatibility with high-throughput screening. This novel tool for high-content and high-throughput cellular phenotyping can potentially be used for a wide range of applications from drug screening to careful characterization of cellular processes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Highlights: [•] A novel approach for real-time density mapping is presented to enhance crowd’s safety and management. [•] The experimental work has been done using the old Jamarat bridge in Makkah, during Hajj (Muslims Pilgrimage). [•] A combination of infrared and visual images combined with temperature and light auxiliary sensors have been used. [•] The suggested sensor fusion model has enhanced the results in comparison to using separate individual techniques. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The demand for powder metallurgy (P/M) parts in its traditional automotive market is predicted to grow, but future sector expansion depends directly upon its capability to manufacture zero-defect parts for industries such as aerospace and medicine. The lack of adequate inspection systems has important implications from the point of view of quality assurance, since it increases the costs, time and wasted material. In recent years the applicability of several techniques for the inspection of P/M parts has been investigated, such as Eddy current testing, computer tomography or X-ray imaging, but studies have revealed that all of them have deficiencies that make them unavailable for a complete and reliable flaw detection and density defect recognition. A new inspection tool has been developed based on pulse echo ultrasonic technology combined with robotics, which makes it possible to provide a global density map of sintered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The weekend emergency service of the Royal Dental Hospital Melbourne (RDHM) provides a model of urgent, symptom-driven demand for dental care for Australian metropolitan areas. The aim of this study was to assess the geographical distribution of patients seeking emergency care at the RDHM during weekends and public holidays, and associate the utilisation pattern to the socioeconomic status of the area in which the patients reside. Methods: All patients requesting emergency dental care at the RDHM that met the inclusion criteria in calendar years 2006, 2008 and 2010 were included in the data frameset. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools were used to geocode and overlay each patient address on the socioeconomic data. Results: For the three calendar years studied, 95% of the patients were living within a 50km radius of the RDHM, and the majority of patients seeking emergency care lived within a 20km radius from the RDHM. Patients from areas with similar socioeconomic status living more than 10km away from the hospital, had poorer access to dental emergency treatment. The rate of patients (per thousand head of the population) requesting emergency care was between two and four times higher in the one-third most deprived areas of the population when compared to the whole population. Conclusion: Areas of greater socioeconomic disadvantage had higher rates of emergency events, and geographic closeness to the dental hospital significantly increased access to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for hip disorders helps to alleviate pain and improve active daily life. When determining the effects of medical therapy and the subsequent clinical results, patient quality of life (QOL) also needs to be assessed. Recently, patient-reported outcomes (PRO) have become important as evaluation criteria. This study aimed to evaluate patient QOL and various PRO between different types of cementless stems and to clarify the relationship between PRO and stem-cortical bone contact., Methods: The study comprised 138 consecutive patients undergoing cementless THA for hip osteoarthritis. We assessed three different types of PRO: the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip-Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ), patient's joint perception, and peri-hip articular joint pain (PHAP). We measured the state of contact between femur and implant by density mapping., Results: No significant difference was noted in PRO between stem types based on the JHEQ and patient's joint perception. PHAP occurred more frequently in the patients with a taper wedge stem versus a fit-and-fill stem. In both groups, distal contact was associated with PHAP but not with JHEQ results and patient's joint perception., Conclusion: The difference in PHAP between the two stem types groups was significant, with postoperative PHAP being higher with the taper wedge stem because of the more distal contact between the taper wedge stem and femur cortical bone., Competing Interests: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest or competing interest., (© 2022 Professor P K Surendran Memorial Education Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study demonstrates the use of high resolution WorldView-II satellite data in extraction of built-up land and vegetation using normalized index techniques. The PCA 1 and NIR 2 bands-based built-up index was proposed for extracting built-up land, which exhibit high accuracy. The normalized difference vegetation index based on Red Edge and NIR 2 bands of WorldView-II produced high accuracy inthe estimation of vegetation compared to the use of Red and NIR bands. The grid technique used in estimating built-up and vegetation density from precisely classified images provided better and accurate assessment of built-up and vegetation density in heterogeneous landscape of urban areas. This shows areas of very high to high built-up density are located in the central, western and southern parts, which are primarily devoid of vegetation. This study indicates possibilities of utilizing high resolution satellite data in urban landscape characterization using a grid-based technique. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: An atmospheric pressure microplasma ionization source based on a dielectric barrier discharge with a helium plasma cone outside the electrode region has been developed for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and as ionization source for ion mobility spectrometry. It turned out that dielectric barrier discharge ionization could be regarded as a soft ionization technique characterized by only minor fragmentation similar to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Mainly protonated molecules were detected. In order to characterize the soft ionization mechanism spatially resolved optical emission spectrometry (OES) measurements were performed on plasma jets burning either in He or in Ar. Besides to spatial intensity distributions of noble gas spectral lines, in both cases a special attention was paid to lines of N2 + and N2. The obtained mapping of the plasma jet shows very different number density distributions of relevant excited species. In the case of helium plasma jet, strong N2 + lines were observed. In contrast to that, the intensities of N2 lines in Ar were below the present detection limit. The positions of N2 + and N2 distribution maxima in helium indicate the regions where the highest efficiency of the water ionization and the protonation process is expected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: The mechanisms underlying thigh pain in patients with well-fixed cementless femoral components after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unclear. We hypothesized that the thigh pain is correlated with the initial contact state of the stem and aimed to investigate the relation between thigh pain and the initial contact state., Materials and Methods: A total of 209 hips of 184 patients were analysed in this retrospective case-control study. The patients were divided into a thigh pain group ( n = 13 hips) and a control group (without thigh pain, n = 196). Post-operative stem contact images were three-dimensionally visualized by a density mapping function using computed tomography data, which quantified the stem contact area according to Gruen zones. Thigh pain was defined as anterior or anterolateral pain upon loading at 3-month post-operatively., Results: Thirteen hips (6.2%) had thigh pain; however, all the hips demonstrated stable bony ingrowth radiographically. The thigh pain group had a significantly lower contact area in zone 2 ( p = 0.014). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the contact area of zone 2 was negatively correlated with thigh pain [odds ratio (OR): 0.858, p = 0.018], and the canal flare index was negatively correlated with the development of thigh pain (OR: 0.336, p = 0.026)., Conclusions: We identified an association between the initial contact state and post-operative thigh pain. Our data demonstrated that proper lateral contact prevents the occurrence of thigh pain in THA using a tapered wedge stem.

The compartmentalization of cellular functions in complex membranous organelles is a key feature of eukaryotic cells. To cope with the enormous complexity of trafficking pathways that connect these compartments, new approaches need to be considered and introduced into the field of cell biology. We exploit the advantages of the "micropatterning technique," which is to bring cells to adopt a highly reproducible shape, and probabilistic density mapping, which quantifies spatial organization of trafficking compartments, to study regulatory mechanisms of intracellular trafficking. Here, we provide a protocol to analyze and quantify alterations in trafficking compartments upon cellular manipulation. We demonstrate how this approach can be employed to study the regulation of Rab6-labeled transport carriers by the cytoskeleton., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)