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Purpose: To assess the impact of implant placement at different time intervals on the esthetic and clinical outcomes in the esthetic zone. Materials and Methods: A literature screening was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases. Relevant articles were included according to selection criteria and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data was collected from studies published from 2017 to 2022 in English. Results: Nine articles were included, in which a total of 495 implants were placed; 250 of the implants were immediate, 109 were early, and 136 were delayed. Immediate implant placement (IIP) showed no statistically significant difference in Pink Esthetic Score (PES) compared with delayed implant placement (DIP). IIP showed significantly higher PES in comparison with early implant placement (EIP) (mean difference [MD] = -0.76; 95% CI = -1.50 to -0.02; P = .04). The probing depth (PD) was considerably greater for immediate implants than for delayed implants (MD = -0.62; 95% CI = -1.05 to -0.18; P = .005), and the Plaque Index (PI) was statistically greater for early implants compared with immediate implants (MD = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.19; P < .00001). All other soft tissue outcomes showed equal results. The marginal bone loss (MBL) was statistically higher in early implants compared with immediate implants (MD = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.16; P = .02). Conclusions: IIP had significantly superior PES, MBL, and PI results when compared with EIP. The PD was significantly higher for immediate implants compared with delayed implants. All other outcomes showed no significant difference between the three implant groups. It is important to highlight the limitations of this review such as the small number of studies included and the few reports on esthetic indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance is a significant threat to global health. Antimicrobial stewardship is reducing inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing to counter it. Dentists prescribe ~10% of all antibiotics worldwide, yet up to 90% of antibiotic prescriptions by dentists are inappropriate. The aim of this systematic review was to update a 2017 review evaluating the effects of antibiotic stewardship interventions in dental settings, using the international consensus on core outcomes for dental antibiotic stewardship.Systematic database searches were undertaken in April 2023, of the: Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE via OVID, EMBASE via OVID, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, the US National Institutes of Health Trials Register, the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the ISRCTN registry databases. Randomised controlled trials (or non‐randomised studies with clearly reported mechanism of group formation and inclusion criteria) of interventions to optimise and/or reduce dental antibiotic prescribing were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently screened for eligible studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, certainty of evidence assessed using GRADE. Meta‐analysis was planned whether the results of studies reported similar outcomes, otherwise narrative synthesis was undertaken.Three eligible studies randomising 2148 participants were included. The interventions were combinations of education, audit and feedback and written behaviour change messages, guideline summary, practice visits and patient leaflets. None of the control groups received an intervention. All three included studies measured the quantity of antibiotics prescribed and two measured the appropriateness of prescribing. None measured patient‐reported or adverse outcomes. Two included studies were assessed as ‘high risk’ and one with ‘low risk’ of bias. There was high‐certainty evidence that audit and personalised feedback with individualised behaviour change messages can be effective. Evidence for in‐person education was low‐certainty. Guideline dissemination alone was ineffective at improving antibiotic prescribing. Due to different outcomes reported, meta‐analysis was inappropriate.Although various dental antibiotic stewardship interventions have been reported in the literature, none provided high‐certainty evidence of effectiveness and only three have been evaluated using a randomised design. To strengthen the body of evidence, well‐powered, robust, randomised controlled trials are required, with adequate follow‐up, reporting the internationally‐agreed core outcomes and including a parallel process evaluation is recommended.Trial Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023411476) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Non-cognitive and personality variables, such as grit, have been shown to play an important role in medical science education. In order to facilitate studies in this field, it is necessary to have a reliable and valid instrument. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the short Grit Scale (Grit-S) for Iranian dental students. Material & Methods: For this psychometric study, the short Grit-S was administered to a sample of dental students (n = 226) during the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023 at the School of Dentistry of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. First, the questionnaire was translated, and then the psychometric properties of the Short Grit-S were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were performed using SPSS 26, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted through AMOS 24. Results: The results of this study provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Short Grit-S as a measure of grit among Iranian dental students. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha), split-half reliability, and test-retest were 0.80, 0.82, and 0.84, respectively. The Short Grit-S was found to be a valid and reliable instrument with good factorial validity, internal consistency, convergence, and criterion validity. The Short Grit-S was found to be useful for finding out how persistent Iranian dental students were in their efforts (Eigenvalue 3.53; variance explained 50.44) and how interested they were in learning (Eigenvalue 1.16; variance explained 16.55). The two-factor model with 7 items (item 2 was omitted) was found to be the best factor structure for the Persian version of the Short Grit-S. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study found that the Persian version of the Short Grit-S with 7 items was a reliable and valid instrument for measuring grit among Iranian dental students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Importance of the evaluation of radiation doses to highly radiosensitive organs in children using dental cone beam computed tomography, given that children are highly sensitive to radiation. Dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a diverse 3D X-ray imaging technique that has enabled clear visualization of the teeth and surrounding structures. The most common diagnostic purpose of dental CBCT examination in children is ectopic eruption and impacted teeth, and a small field of view (FOV) is often used. Since it is difficult for children to control their body movements, reducing the rotation angle is effective. However, no studies have examined the effects of different rotation angles on radiation doses to highly radiosensitive organs in children using small FOVs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of small FOVs (4 × 4 cm and 6 × 6 cm) and rotation angles (360° and 180°) on doses that highly sensitize organs in children using dental CBCT. The entrance surface doses to lenses, thyroid lobes, parotid glands, and sublingual glands of a pediatric whole-body phantom were measured. By reducing the FOV from 6 × 6 cm to 4 × 4 cm, the dose to the sublingual gland could be significantly decreased. Additionally, by reducing the rotation angle from 360° to 180°, the lens dose can be decreased significantly. As the rate of dose reduction varies among organs, it is important to consider the relative positions of different organs with respect to the FOV and the trajectory of the X-ray tube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Dentists faced the highest risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Educating competent students is the first task of the dental school to overcome the created problems and thus, it is necessary to recognize the created educational deficiencies. This study aimed to assess the students' perspectives from the Dental School at Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the academic year 2019-2020, concerning the competencies expected to be developed during the clinical phase of the general dentistry curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are intended to inform the formulation of educational strategies in the post-pandemic period to address identified gaps in training. Materials and Methods: During the academic year 2019-2020, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The study consisted of three phases: checklist design, psychometrics, and a survey of general dentistry students in their third to sixth year. The checklist design phase involved a team of four individuals, including educational officials from the faculty, academic staff members, and medical education experts. Experts confirmed the content validity of the checklist, while reliability was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), which indicated favorable validity and reliability. Subsequently, questionnaires formatted as Google Forms and a census approach were distributed to all students enrolled in the general dental course within the clinical section of the School of Dentistry at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Ultimately, following the data collection process, statistical analysis was conducted utilizing descriptive statistics, including the mean and standard deviation, and the findings were communicated to the group managers. Results: The assessment of content validity was established at a minimum of 71%, based on the evaluations provided by five experts. Additionally, reliability was measured using an intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) exceeding 0.79, signifying a strong level of both validity and reliability. 122 students (53%) in the clinical stage completed the forms related to the pre-clinical/clinical units passed during the Covid era. Despite having enough training, basics Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Surgery 1, and Restorative 3 courses needed more training. In addition, Basics Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Surgery 1, and Surgery 4 needed the most practical training to acquire the necessary competencies. Conclusion: The findings of this research indicated that the dental students expressed a desire for increased practice across various levels of pre-clinical and clinical courses. This would suggest that the challenges associated with patient interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic may not be the sole contributing factor. Consequently, alongside the need for educational planning to address the requirements of enrolled students, it appears essential to conduct similar studies in the post-pandemic context. Furthermore, this approach may also prove beneficial in evaluating educational needs for ongoing professional development courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanodiamonds (NDs) are utilized for various purposes in dentistry, such as tissue regeneration, gene therapy, and medication delivery. Despite the examination of their potential for dental uses, there is currently no published review summarizing the conducted investigations. Additional investigations are required to comprehend the biological compatibility of NDs in dentistry. NDs have been proven effective for a variety of applications in dentistry because of unique qualities such as target cell selectivity, nanometer size, and fluorescence. Nanodiamonds find various applications in dentistry, encompassing roles in directed tissue regeneration, reinforcing polymers, and administering medications for treating infections and cancer. Researchers have also suggested the potential use of nanodiamonds as coatings for antibacterial or bioactive dental implants. Nevertheless, investigations on their biological compatibility have been scarce and insufficient so far, necessitating significantly further studies to envision the potential use of NDs in dentistry. It is believed that within the ten years to come, these emerging substances will discover several kinds of daily usage in dental practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractOral diseases are a prevalent global issue, causing significant health and economic burdens that greatly diminish the quality of life for affected individuals. Tissue engineering strategies employing scaffolds offer a promising approach to restoring the original structures and biological functions of dental and dentoalveolar tissues. Among the various building materials, polysaccharides, known for their inherent biocompatibility, have gained significant attention. Topical advances in tissue engineering have led to the fabrication of composite scaffolds with the greatest utilization of favorable properties of each material. This review aims to explore the application of polysaccharide-based composite scaffolds for regenerating dental and dentoalveolar tissues, including both hard and soft tissues, as well as tissue complexes. To begin, we will provide a brief overview to commonly used polysaccharides. Subsequently, we will introduce the commonly used forms of composite polysaccharide scaffolds together with fabricating, engineering, and optimizing methods for dental and dentoalveolar tissue regeneration. Next, we will examine the latest progress and the potential of polysaccharide composite scaffolds in dental and dentoalveolar tissue regeneration applications. To conclude, this review will reflect on the limitations and prospects associated with polysaccharide composite scaffolds for dental and dentoalveolar tissue regeneration. By addressing these aspects, we aim to contribute to the understanding and development of effective strategies for improving oral health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to answer the research question: How reliable is ChatGPT in automated essay scoring (AES) for oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) examinations for dental undergraduate students compared to human assessors? Methods: Sixty-nine undergraduate dental students participated in a closed-book examination comprising two essays at the National University of Singapore. Using pre-created assessment rubrics, three assessors independently performed manual essay scoring, while one separate assessor performed AES using ChatGPT (GPT-4). Data analyses were performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's α to evaluate the reliability and inter-rater agreement of the test scores among all assessors. The mean scores of manual versus automated scoring were evaluated for similarity and correlations. Results: A strong correlation was observed for Question 1 (r = 0.752–0.848, p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation was observed between AES and all manual scorers for Question 2 (r = 0.527–0.571, p < 0.001). Intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.794–0.858 indicated excellent inter-rater agreement, and Cronbach's α of 0.881–0.932 indicated high reliability. For Question 1, the mean AES scores were similar to those for manual scoring (p > 0.05), and there was a strong correlation between AES and manual scores (r = 0.829, p < 0.001). For Question 2, AES scores were significantly lower than manual scores (p < 0.001), and there was a moderate correlation between AES and manual scores (r = 0.599, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows the potential of ChatGPT for essay marking. However, an appropriate rubric design is essential for optimal reliability. With further validation, the ChatGPT has the potential to aid students in self-assessment or large-scale marking automated processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Dental education is considered as a complex, challenging and often stressful educational procedure. Acquisition of psychomotor skills by undergraduate students is an important step in many health professions to become a successful professional. During under graduation, class II cavity preparation exercise is of utmost important in dentistry. OBJECTIVE: To compare class II cavities prepared by students after hands-on live demonstration and pre-recorded video demonstration using well-organised evaluation rubrics. METHOD: Preclinical dental students (n = 50) were divided into two groups. The students in group I (n = 25) attended a hands-on live demonstration performed by one faculty while students in group II (n = 25) watched a 15-minute pre-recorded procedural video on the projector. Both groups were appealed to prepare class II cavity for amalgam involving disto-occlusal surface of mandibular second molar articulated on jaw model (TRU LON study model, Jayna industries, Ghaziabad U.P., India). Following completion of the preparations, all teeth were collected, and labelled grades of prepared cavities were given according to prespecified rubrics. The data of scores were presented as means and standard deviation. Statistical analysis of data was executed using SPSS software. A paired t-test was used to compare scores between groups. RESULTS: The study shows that the video-supported demonstration of a cavity preparation was better than the live hands-on demonstration. A higher mean response for the procedural video group was found compared to the live demonstration group (p = 0.000133). CONCLUSION: Pre-recorded video-supported demonstration along with guidance by a tutor may be a viable alternative to hands-on live demonstration in cavity preparation procedures during undergraduate dental training. Moreover, rubric methods can be implemented in the teaching of various preclinical exercises for conservative dentistry and endodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renowned Late Miocene locality of Maragheh (northwest Iran) has yielded ample material of chalicotheres, most of which has never been described in detail. The present study concerns the taxonomic evaluation of this material and its attribution to the large schizotheriine Ancylotherium pentelicum. This allows a detailed comparison to schizotheriine material from other localities, and based on this, we provide an overview of the diagnostic features of Ancylotherium that separate it from all other chalicotheres. This improves our understanding of the type species A. pentelicum. Additionally, we discuss the palaeobiogeography of the species, which is best known from the Balkan Peninsula. Maragheh marks the easternmost occurrence of A. pentelicum, but its presence has even been suggested in Africa. Lastly, we discuss the existence of sexual size dimorphism in the species, based on the herein described material along with previously described specimens of A. pentelicum from other fossil sites, such as the famous Late Miocene localities Pikermi and Samos (Greece). Specifically, it is shown that many postcranial elements exhibit great size variability that is most probably associated with significant sexual dimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium currently has a well-established position as the gold standard for manufacturing dental implants; however, it is not free of flaws. Mentions of possible soft-tissue discoloration, corrosion, and possible allergic reactions have led to the development of zirconia dental implants. Various techniques for the surface modification of titanium have been applied to increase titanium implants' ability to osseointegrate. Similarly, to achieve the best possible results, zirconia dental implants have also had their surface modified to promote proper healing and satisfactory long-term results. Despite zirconium oxide being a ceramic material, not simply a metal, there have been mentions of it being susceptible to corrosion too. In this article, we aim to review the literature available on zirconia implants, the available techniques for the surface modification of zirconia, and the effects of these techniques on zirconia's biological properties. Zirconia's biocompatibility and ability to osseointegrate appears unquestionably good. Despite some of its mechanical properties being, factually, inferior to those of titanium, the benefits seem to outweigh the drawbacks. Zirconia implants show very good success rates in clinical research. This is partially due to available methods of surface treatment, including nanotopography alterations, which allow for improved wettability, bone-to-implant contact, and osteointegration in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dental abnormalities by visually assessing the labial and buccal photographs in dogs and cats and analyze their prevalence based on age and breed. ANIMALS 1,096 client-owned dogs and 775 client-owned cats. METHODS Data were collected from patients who visited 26 private veterinary clinics from January to December 2022. Each animal was evaluated through dental photographs taken from the labial and buccal sides. Correlations between the prevalence of the identified dental abnormalities and age, craniofacial type, and breed, were analyzed. RESULTS Calculus, discoloration, epulis, fractured teeth, gingival recession, gingivitis, malocclusion, missing teeth, and persistent deciduous teeth could be identified by analyzing the dental photographs in both dogs and cats. Enamel defects in dogs and tooth resorption in cats could be identified. Brachycephalic dogs had a significantly higher prevalence of malocclusion (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.75) and missing teeth (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 2.71 to 4.91) compared to nonbrachycephalic dogs. Brachycephalic cats had a significantly higher prevalence of fractured teeth (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.04) and a lower prevalence of gingival recession (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.55) compared to nonbrachycephalic cats. Calculus, persistent deciduous teeth, and possibly gingivitis could be identified in dogs and cats by analyzing labial and buccal photographs. The assessment of some dental abnormalities such as fractured teeth, missing teeth, and tooth resorption can be limited without a complete dental examination under anesthesia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the assessment of dental conditions may be underestimated, the data on the prevalence of the dental abnormalities evaluated through the photographs could be utilized for screening dental diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and preference of patients treated at a Dental School in Jaraguá do Sul, Brazil, about using aligners and the reasons for choosing this device as a treatment option. Design: A cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 82 participants aged 18–45 years recruited at a screening clinic. Methods: A questionnaire was completed in person using a tablet with digital forms. Results: Almost half of the participants (49%) knew about aligners; 40% were aged 18–24 years, and 77% were female. When observing the images of the types of orthodontic appliances, the aligners had an acceptance rate of 80%. Among the reasons that led to the preference for choosing aligners, 68% cited aesthetics and 42% comfort. Conclusion: Recently, clear aligners have become a popular choice for orthodontic treatment, particularly among adults. Despite their popularity and effectiveness, many patients still need more information about aligner treatment. Over half of the respondents did not know what orthodontic aligners were. Younger participants had more knowledge about aligners than older participants. Patients still need more knowledge about the types of appliances available for orthodontic treatment. When presented with images of the kinds of devices available, almost 80% of participants showed greater satisfaction with aligners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A number of mechanical decontamination methods have been proposed, however, there is no agreed-upon gold standard among them. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the differences in the management of an inflammatory reaction around dental implants between air abrasion and mechanical decontamination. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed, incorporating controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and free-text terms. This search was conducted by two reviewers to identify published systematic reviews. Three major electronic databases, namely, Medline via PubMed, the Cochrane database, and Embase, were searched up to May 2024. Results: Initially, 300 articles were identified. After conducting a comprehensive search and applying strict inclusion criteria, a total of 13 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the mean difference in probing depth between air abrasion and other mechanical decontamination was 0.28 (95% confidence interval, −0.20 to 0.76). The mean difference in probing depth of air abrasion compared with other mechanical decontamination in maintenance purposes was 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 1.91). The mean difference in bleeding on probing between air abrasion and other mechanical decontamination was 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.07 to 0.95). The mean difference in alveolar bone loss between air abrasion and other mechanical decontamination was −0.14 (95% confidence interval, −0.77 to 0.48). The mean difference in alveolar bone loss for surgical approaches of air abrasion compared with other mechanical decontamination was 0.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.61). Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that the use of air abrasion was just as effective as other mechanical decontamination methods in reducing probing depth and alveolar bone loss. The subgroup analysis showed that air abrasion was less effective in reducing probing depth in maintenance purposes. Additionally, air abrasion was less effective in reducing alveolar bone loss in surgical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New self‐healing resin composites with tertiary amine microcapsules enhance the mechanical performance of dental restorations. However, a higher concentration of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) must be added to the composite to react with the core material when the microcapsules rupture, reducing the shelf life of dental materials due to their reactivity. As a result, one approach to reducing the amount of BPO dissolved in dental resin is to microencapsulate it. Thus, this manuscript described the encapsulation of BPO in poly(urea‐formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules (MC) and investigated its effect on the flexural strength of BisGMA/TEGDMA composites. To synthesize hollow MC, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was tested as a continuous phase viscosity modifier. The MC were then infiltrated with BPO dissolved in linseed oil as core materials. PAA in continuous phase increased MC diameter due to improved air bubble stability. BPO dissolved in linseed oil was successfully infiltrated into empty PUF MC, causing the MC shell wall to expand. The dental resin had adequate adhesion to the PUF shell, which ruptured under induced stress. Thus, the MC filled with BPO as a healing agent has the potential to reduce the amount of BPO that is typically dissolved in the monomeric phase of dental materials, which can increase the shelf life of self‐healing dental materials. Highlights: The reactivity of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) affects resin stability in dental materials.When combined with tertiary amines, BPO acts as a healing agent in self‐healing composite materials.BPO dissolved in linseed oil can be infiltrated in PUF microcapsules and increase its size.Hollow microcapsules synthesized in a more viscous continuous phase have a larger diameter.Microencapsulated BPO is released during stress stimuli in dental resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skull anatomy is a difficult region for anatomy students to learn and understand but is necessary for a variety of health professional students. To improve learning, a 3D‐printed human skull was developed, produced, and distributed to a course of 83 dental students for use as a take‐home study tool over the 10‐week anatomy course. The 70% scale human skull derived from CT data had a fully articulating mandible, simulated temporomandibular joint, and accurate cranial structures. At the course end, students completed a perception survey and responses were compared with those who made a grade of A, B, or C in the course. Students overall reported using the model less than 3 h per week, but those who scored an A in the course reported using the model more frequently than those who scored a B or C. Free responses revealed that students used the model in a variety of ways, but found that the model was quick and easily accessible to check understanding while studying at home in the absence of direct observation by faculty. Overall, this study provides evidence on the feasibility of large‐scale 3D printing and the benefits of the use of a 3D‐printed model as a take‐home study aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral hygiene is paramount for maintaining optimal oral and physical health, especially among children who are particularly susceptible to dental caries and issues due to dietary habits and inadequate hygiene practices. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of oral health among public school children, analyse their oral hygiene habits, educate parents on the importance of oral health for their children, and implement an oral hygiene educational program in Al-Kharj City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Four public elementary schools were selected for the study, with a sample size of 200 school-going children participating. A structured questionnaire was used to assess awareness and knowledge of oral health among the participants. SPSS software version 26 was used for data analysis. Multiple regression analysis and correlation tests was employed to explore the relationships between the different variables measured in the study. Results: The findings revealed a significant lack of awareness regarding oral health among school children. Oral hygiene habits were found to be inadequate in many participants. Overall, the findings highlight the need for targeted interventions aimed at promoting regular dental visits, addressing dental fear, and fostering positive oral hygiene practices among school-going children to improve oral health outcomes in the studied population. Conclusion: The study highlighted a critical gap in oral health awareness among school children, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. While the oral hygiene educational program has been implemented and future data will shed light on its effectiveness, preliminary observations suggest that such programs could potentially improve oral health outcomes and overall engagement among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 3D printed teeth and virtual simulation system on the pre-clinical access cavity preparation training of senior dental undergraduates. Methods: The 3D printed teeth were manufactured based on the micro-CT data of an extracted lower first molar. Ninety-eight senior dental undergraduate students were required to finish the access cavity preparation of lower first molar within 20 min on plastic and 3D printed teeth on the manikin system as well as on a virtual simulation machine respectively with randomly selected sequences. Expert dentists scored the operated teeth. The scores from the virtual simulation system were also recorded. All the scores were analyzed and compared. Following the procedure, two questionnaires were sent to students to further evaluate the feelings and optimal training sequence. Results: No significant differences were found between plastic and 3D printed teeth scores, while virtual simulation achieved a valid/invalid area removal ratio of 96.86% ± 5.08% and 3.97% ± 1.85%, respectively. Most students found plastic teeth training the easiest and favored the three-training combination (36.36%). 71.42% of the students thought the virtual simulation training should be put at the first place of the three trainings. Over 80% of students agreed with incorporating 3D printed teeth and virtual simulation into their routine training courses. In addition, the general advantages and disadvantages of the virtual simulation system and 3D printed teeth training received almost equal recognition by students. Conclusions: Virtual simulation system training + plastic teeth training + 3D printed teeth training might be the optimal training sequence. Virtual simulation system training could not completely replace the traditional training methods on the manikin system at the moment. With further modifications, 3D printed teeth could be expected to replace the plastic teeth for the pre-clinical access cavity preparation training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of a company to survive in the competition in the industry it is in will be very helpful for the sustainability of the company. Like most other MSMEs, there are challenges currently faced by Klinik A+ Dental Care. The Business Coaching process aims to help improve the system at the A+ Dental Care Clinic so that this company can better survive in the business world. With a business enterprise adhering to a good quality management system, it will be easier to have sustainable differentiation. This research aims to help A+ Dental Care Clinic improve its competitiveness in the industry by implementing a good quality management system through the Business Coaching process. The methods used include Business Model Canvas analysis, STP (Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning) analysis, and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. The results of this Business Coaching provide solutions that focus on quality management with an emphasis on customer satisfaction, a process-based approach, and decision making based on valid data. The implementation of a good quality management system helps Klinik A+ Dental Care have sustainable differentiation and improves the company's ability to withstand competition. By strengthening the quality management system, MSMEs like Klinik A+ Dental Care can be better prepared to face business challenges and achieve long-term sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral Health Therapists (OHTs) are a growing workforce globally, with skills in oral health prevention, treatment planning and management of disease. These professionals receive their training through a three‐year undergraduate program which leads to the Bachelor of Oral Health degree in Australia and New Zealand. The aim of this study was to describe the learning environment for OHT students in Australia and New Zealand. OHT students were requested to complete the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) to indicate their perceptions of the environment of their educational program. Materials and Methods: Bachelor of Oral Health students from 10 universities in Australia and New Zealand were invited to participate in the survey. The analysis of the students' experiences focused on five domains of educational environment: learning, teaching, academic self‐perception, atmosphere and social self‐perception. Total DREEM scores were compared to previously published literature for other health professions students. Results: A total of 336 OHT students completed the study, which represented 30% of all OHT students enrolled in the 10 participating universities. Using the DREEM, participants perception of the environment was more positive than negative with an average DREEM total score of 141 (70.5%) out of a maximum score of 200. The model demonstrates university region to be a major predictor in the overall DREEM score, with regional universities scoring higher than urban universities (p =.012). Conclusions: The DREEM was used to describe OHT students perceptions of the learning environment in Australia and New Zealand. This study found that the university region is a significant predictor of positive experiences for OHT students. By identifying the strengths and weaknesses of contemporary Oral Health programs, this study offers insights into future improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remimazolam was derived from its parent compound by adding an ester linkage into its structure so that the drug becomes a substrate for ester metabolism. As a result, it undergoes organ-independent ester hydrolysis, although the clinical benefits in terms of shorter recovery are not uniformly observed in clinical practice. Remimazolam is mainly tested in procedural sedation. In comparison to propofol, the current gold standard for procedural sedation, its proposed attractiveness is shorter wake-up times and a clear-headed recovery. Its clear advantages over propofol are better hemodynamic stability, lack of pain on injection and availability of a reversal agent in the form of flumazenil. Data on patient and proceduralist satisfaction are lacking. Remimazolam is also used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in Japan (where it is approved for this purpose). In this scenario, it is not clear if it can achieve the same degree of lack of recall as propofol. The use of remimazolam in obstetrics, pediatrics and high-risk populations is an emerging area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age estimation methods through developmental atlases are simplified by image comparison using radiographs. Atlas‐based methods have been utilized to create population‐specific charts addressing population diversity. To tackle the absence of a dedicated atlas for the Brazilian population, the objective of the present study was to create a new atlas for dental development in Brazil based on the London Atlas chart. The new atlas (RP Atlas) is based on the median of tooth development, eruption, and resorption in individuals aged 5 to 23. The sample (567 individuals) was divided between females (n = 290) and males (n = 277). The RP Atlas was handcrafted, scanned, colored, and clustered in two atlases divided by sex. The development of a specific atlas for the Brazilian population has the potential to enhance the accuracy of age estimation in forensic scenarios, notably in a mixed country like Brazil. Further research is needed to assess the suitability of the newly developed atlas for the Brazilian population. Research Highlights: Atlas development methods provide a more straightforward image comparison using OPGs.Methods for age estimation need to be adaptable to a population‐specific approach.RP Atlas is Brazil's first specific atlas of tooth eruption and development.From 18 years old onwards, dental development has unstable patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical reports of unpredictable outcomes associated with vital pulpal therapies, particularly direct pulp capping (DPC), have contributed to clinicians' skepticism of the procedure. Contemporary reports highlight more predictable outcomes of vital pulpal therapies, inclusive of DPC. There is a dearth of reported patient-centered outcomes of these procedures. Insurance claims were used in an observational, retrospective cohort study to evaluate outcomes of DPC performed on permanent teeth. Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression. Log-rank tests were used to evaluate unadjusted differences in survival. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate the adjusted hazard of adverse event occurrence. The analytic cohort included 4,136 teeth from 3,716 patients. DPC procedures were identified in public-payer (85.5%) and private-payer (13.4%) insurance claims databases. After DPC, procedure survival rate was 83% and tooth survival rate was 93% during a mean follow-up time of 52 months. Molar tooth type, same-day permanent restoration placement, and amalgam restoration type were significant positive predictors of procedure (DPC) survival. Age was not a statistically significant predictor of procedure survival after controlling for tooth type, gender, time to restoration, and restoration type. Nonmolar tooth type and younger age were significant positive predictors of tooth survival after DPC. Failures were most likely to occur within the first year. DPC has favorable patient-centered outcomes and contributes to long-term tooth survival. The favorable patient-centered outcomes of DPC bolster calls to consider cost-effectiveness and access to care for endodontic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated improvements in the micro-tensile bond strength of a one-bottle adhesive to dentin upon incorporating a thiol compound. Formulations containing 0, 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5% of the thiol were prepared (TH78-0, TH78-0.1, TH78-0.3 and TH78-0.5). Flat dentin surfaces were produced on non-carious extracted human molars using a diamond saw and 600 grit SiC paper. Each surface was subsequently treated with one of the four experimental adhesives or a commercially available adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive), following the manufacturers' instructions. A resin composite was then incrementally built on the adhesive-treated surfaces and light-cured, after which the bonded specimens were sectioned and subjected to micro-tensile bond strength tests. Bond strengths ranging from 28.7 MPa (for the TH78-0.5) to 45.9 MPa (for the TH78-0.1) were obtained from the experimental specimens, whereas the commercial adhesive showed a strength of 36.9 MPa. A 0.1% thiol concentration therefore increased the baseline bonding of the adhesive and gave the highest strength, with significantly decreased values in the cases of 0.3% and 0.5% concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing equitable, patient-centered oral health care requires the dental community to address the cultural and linguistic needs and preferences of patients and their communities. This report describes our three-part demonstration project, providing an innovative framework and interprofessional approach to enhance language access in oral health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an ever‐increasing chance that dentists are likely to experience patients who need additional management for psychiatric disorders. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is characterised by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identity fragments that control an individual's behaviour, thoughts and emotions. The aim is to offer additional insights into patients with DID and their management within a dental care setting. This will be demonstrated through the use of a case report as a practical illustration. In order to gain insight into the effects of DID on healthcare, particularly within a dental care environment, a comprehensive review of relevant literature has been conducted by searching, evaluating and synthesising existing academic and scholarly literature on DID. Additionally, the case reported is an example of how a 27‐year‐old patient with DID has been managed in an Intermediate Minor Oral Surgery setting. Patients often have their DID prompted by stress, as was the case with this patient. There are steps which can be taken in the dental setting to help reduce the patient's anxiety, understand their personalities and foresee any possible issues that could arise. In this case, intravenous sedation was used to extract the patient's wisdom teeth, and no other personalities presented during the procedure. The examination of existing literature along with a case report highlights the feasibility of effectively treating individuals with DID. This can be achieved through the careful recognition and handling of different personalities, triggers and potential challenges, all of which should be integrated into the treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal with multiple uses in various medical devices. Hg is used in dentistry as a restorative material. Such use creates significant exposure to dental practitioners. Hence, it is important to assess the risk created by Hg use in healthcare. OBJECTIVE: To quantify airborne Hg vapour exposure and Hg levels in dental healthcare workers, and determine the association of various symptoms and diseases to Hg exposure. METHODS: Air monitoring of Hg vapours were conducted in dental clinics and amalgam rooms. Urine samples were collected from occupationally exposed dental healthcare workers and urine Hg levels were measured. A cross-sectional health survey was conducted in 23 healthcare units of Delhi to determine an association between Hg exposure and various health effects. RESULTS: Hg vapour concentration ranged from 0.96μg/m3 to 15μg/m3, the highest concentration was recorded in the amalgam room (15μg/m3). Urine Hg levels in healthcare workers (0.51±0.17μg/L) were higher than the control (0.29±0.05μg/L). A cross-sectional health survey revealed a significant prevalence of confusion, forgetfulness, muscle spasm, and tremors by the respondents. CONCLUSION: Hg concentration in dental clinics may hover above the prescribed safe levels posing a definitive health risk to healthcare workers. Urinary Hg measurements did not reveal an excess of body burden except in one case. Since Hg bio accumulates, it is probable as these workers grow older, they may end up with a higher body burden of Hg that may lead to a variety of adverse health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews the two most important and frequently used systems of tomography used in dentistry today. These are the dental panoramic radiograph (DPR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The importance of the DPR has been accentuated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, as it does not produce an aerosol. Its clinical importance is derived from its panoramic display of the jaws and associated structures and should be examined for incidental findings that may portend a potentially serious outcome. An important recent spin-off of the DPR is the extra-oral bitewing, which can replace its traditional, uncomfortable and aerosol-generating intra-oral counterpart. Although much has been written about them, this paper reviews their essential attributes and limitations in clinical dentistry. Although attempts have been made to reproduce some of the attributes of CT in CBCT such as Hounsfield Units (HU) and improve the contrast resolution of the soft tissues, these remain elusive. Nevertheless, CBCT's dataset should be appropriately reconstructed to fully display the clinical feature prompting its prescription. In certain cases, more than one mode of reconstruction is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Oronasal fistulas are common sequelae following cleft lip and palate surgery and can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. They result from various factors, including surgical techniques, tissue management, and patient‐specific factors. This case report explores the modern approach to oronasal fistula closure using periodontal plastic surgery principles. Materials and Methods: The report presents two cases of patients with oronasal fistulas due to previous maxillofacial surgical intervention. These patients underwent microsurgical procedures that involved partial flap thickness preparation of the fistula areas, the use of connective tissue grafts from the palate, and meticulous suturing techniques to ensure graft integrity. The procedures were performed in stages, and postoperative care was provided. Results: Both cases demonstrated successful fistula closure and graft survival. The patients reported improvements in breathing, speech, aesthetics, and quality of life. The second case also included guided bone regeneration and implant placement. Conclusions: Oronasal fistulas resulting from maxillofacial surgery can be effectively treated using periodontal plastic surgery techniques, significantly improving patients' quality of life and aesthetic outcomes. This approach represents a valuable addition to the existing repertoire of oronasal fistula closure methods. Summary: In this case report, we present two adult patients who underwent oronasal fistula closure procedures applying principles of periodontal plastic surgery, highlighting successful outcomes and the potential application of these techniques in similar cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chat-generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) has the potential to offer personalized, effective learning experiences for students, creating realistic virtual simulations for hands-on learning. Objectives: Assessment of efficiency of ChatGPT against subject experts for assessment in BDS curriculum. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students of a dental college, in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. A self-administered, validated questionnaire was used for Short Answer Questioning (SAQ) and critical questioning. Group comparison was done through an independent sample t-test and statistical significance through the Pearson Chi-square test. A P value of 0.05). At the same time, group comparison for critical reasoning revealed that the mean score obtained by Group 1 in critical reasoning was 4.68 ± 0.24, and for Group 2, it was 2.09 ± 1.10. The difference in mean scores between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: Instead of treating artificial intelligence as a threat, dental educators need to adapt teaching and assessments in dental education for the benefit of learners while mitigating its dishonest use.

Background & Objective: Non-cognitive and personality variables, such as grit, have been shown to play an important role in medical science education. In order to facilitate studies in this field, it is necessary to have a reliable and valid instrument. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the short Grit Scale (Grit-S) for Iranian dental students. Material & Methods: For this psychometric study, the short Grit-S was administered to a sample of dental students (n = 226) during the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023 at the School of Dentistry of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. First, the questionnaire was translated, and then the psychometric properties of the Short Grit-S were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were performed using SPSS 26, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted through AMOS 24. Results: The results of this study provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Short Grit-S as a measure of grit among Iranian dental students. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha), split-half reliability, and test-retest were 0.80, 0.82, and 0.84, respectively. The Short Grit-S was found to be a valid and reliable instrument with good factorial validity, internal consistency, convergence, and criterion validity. The Short Grit-S was found to be useful for finding out how persistent Iranian dental students were in their efforts (Eigenvalue 3.53; variance explained 50.44) and how interested they were in learning (Eigenvalue 1.16; variance explained 16.55). The two-factor model with 7 items (item 2 was omitted) was found to be the best factor structure for the Persian version of the Short Grit-S. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study found that the Persian version of the Short Grit-S with 7 items was a reliable and valid instrument for measuring grit among Iranian dental students.

Purpose Evaluation of the efficacy of two novel formulations of arginine and theobromine in remineralizing artificial enamel defects using in vitro testing techniques- Microhardness and SEMMaterials and methods Enamel slabs measuring 3 mm by 3 mm by 1.5 mm were created using 11 healthy premolars that were excised for orthodontic treatment. Group 1 (control, treated with merely a remineralization solution), Group 2 (0.05% arginine in 10 ml distilled water), and Group 3 (2% theobromine in 10 ml distilled water) were the three groups to which the slabs were randomly allocated (n = 7 per group). The pH cycle was run for 14 days, starting with a 72-h demineralization period and ending with 11 days of remineralization in the corresponding solutions. Prior to and during remineralization, microhardness was measured, and surface features were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis, including Paired T Test, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests, determined that the mean values were significant at the 0.05 level.Results The control group showed a mean microhardness increase from 192.09 ± 19.30 to 208.58 ± 5.76. The arginine group increased significantly from 217.20 ± 4.24 to 304.00 ± 15.96, and the theobromine group from 214.09 ± 7.67 to 283.14 ± 10.91. Statistical analysis indicated that both arginine and theobromine groups had significantly greater microhardness improvements compared to the control (p

Abstract Background This study aimed to answer the research question: How reliable is ChatGPT in automated essay scoring (AES) for oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) examinations for dental undergraduate students compared to human assessors? Methods Sixty-nine undergraduate dental students participated in a closed-book examination comprising two essays at the National University of Singapore. Using pre-created assessment rubrics, three assessors independently performed manual essay scoring, while one separate assessor performed AES using ChatGPT (GPT-4). Data analyses were performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's α to evaluate the reliability and inter-rater agreement of the test scores among all assessors. The mean scores of manual versus automated scoring were evaluated for similarity and correlations. Results A strong correlation was observed for Question 1 (r = 0.752–0.848, p 0.05), and there was a strong correlation between AES and manual scores (r = 0.829, p

This study reviews the two most important and frequently used systems of tomography used in dentistry today. These are the dental panoramic radiograph (DPR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The importance of the DPR has been accentuated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, as it does not produce an aerosol. Its clinical importance is derived from its panoramic display of the jaws and associated structures and should be examined for incidental findings that may portend a potentially serious outcome. An important recent spin-off of the DPR is the extra-oral bitewing, which can replace its traditional, uncomfortable and aerosol-generating intra-oral counterpart. Although much has been written about them, this paper reviews their essential attributes and limitations in clinical dentistry. Although attempts have been made to reproduce some of the attributes of CT in CBCT such as Hounsfield Units (HU) and improve the contrast resolution of the soft tissues, these remain elusive. Nevertheless, CBCT’s dataset should be appropriately reconstructed to fully display the clinical feature prompting its prescription. In certain cases, more than one mode of reconstruction is required.

Abstract Background The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 3D printed teeth and virtual simulation system on the pre-clinical access cavity preparation training of senior dental undergraduates. Methods The 3D printed teeth were manufactured based on the micro-CT data of an extracted lower first molar. Ninety-eight senior dental undergraduate students were required to finish the access cavity preparation of lower first molar within 20 min on plastic and 3D printed teeth on the manikin system as well as on a virtual simulation machine respectively with randomly selected sequences. Expert dentists scored the operated teeth. The scores from the virtual simulation system were also recorded. All the scores were analyzed and compared. Following the procedure, two questionnaires were sent to students to further evaluate the feelings and optimal training sequence. Results No significant differences were found between plastic and 3D printed teeth scores, while virtual simulation achieved a valid/invalid area removal ratio of 96.86% ± 5.08% and 3.97% ± 1.85%, respectively. Most students found plastic teeth training the easiest and favored the three-training combination (36.36%). 71.42% of the students thought the virtual simulation training should be put at the first place of the three trainings. Over 80% of students agreed with incorporating 3D printed teeth and virtual simulation into their routine training courses. In addition, the general advantages and disadvantages of the virtual simulation system and 3D printed teeth training received almost equal recognition by students. Conclusions Virtual simulation system training + plastic teeth training + 3D printed teeth training might be the optimal training sequence. Virtual simulation system training could not completely replace the traditional training methods on the manikin system at the moment. With further modifications, 3D printed teeth could be expected to replace the plastic teeth for the pre-clinical access cavity preparation training.

Abstract Introduction Oral hygiene is paramount for maintaining optimal oral and physical health, especially among children who are particularly susceptible to dental caries and issues due to dietary habits and inadequate hygiene practices. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of oral health among public school children, analyse their oral hygiene habits, educate parents on the importance of oral health for their children, and implement an oral hygiene educational program in Al-Kharj City, Saudi Arabia. Methods Four public elementary schools were selected for the study, with a sample size of 200 school-going children participating. A structured questionnaire was used to assess awareness and knowledge of oral health among the participants. SPSS software version 26 was used for data analysis. Multiple regression analysis and correlation tests was employed to explore the relationships between the different variables measured in the study. Results The findings revealed a significant lack of awareness regarding oral health among school children. Oral hygiene habits were found to be inadequate in many participants. Overall, the findings highlight the need for targeted interventions aimed at promoting regular dental visits, addressing dental fear, and fostering positive oral hygiene practices among school-going children to improve oral health outcomes in the studied population. Conclusion The study highlighted a critical gap in oral health awareness among school children, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. While the oral hygiene educational program has been implemented and future data will shed light on its effectiveness, preliminary observations suggest that such programs could potentially improve oral health outcomes and overall engagement among students.

Introduction: Resilience is defined as an individual's capacity to effectively adapt in the face of challenges without detrimental effects on their health and well‐being. This scoping review identifies and rationalises the published concepts that underpin resilience in oral health professional (OHP) education. It provides recommendations for the development of evidence‐based strategies for promoting resilience in OHP education. Methods: The PRISMA and Arksey and O'Malley methodological frameworks for scoping reviews were used to determine the methodology and answer the question 'What concepts contribute to resilience in OHP Education?'. The search strategy included published literature searches and internet searches. Results: In total, 744 articles on resilience and coping were identified, and 59 were included after excluding irrelevant records. Most studies used surveys as their study design and focused on undergraduate dental students in North America and Asia. Three main themes were identified: factors that contribute to resilience, measurement tools and scales and enhancing resilience. This review highlights a positive correlation between increased resilience and improved outcomes for dental students. Conclusion: Resilience and its related factors are not well understood. There is insufficient evidence to support interventions for building resilience due to inconsistent measuring methods and limited research validating resilience scales in OHP education. Investigators should accurately understand the terminology for clarity and consistency. Validated outcome measures and student feedback should be used to determine the effectiveness of interventions. It is important to teach students coping strategies to manage stressors, and digital applications for building resilience should be developed and tested in OHP student populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine whether blended learning results in better educational outcomes compared to traditional learning in the acquisition of oral surgery technical skills for 4th‐year undergraduate dental students. Materials and Methods: Seventy‐three students participated in this two‐arm parallel randomized controlled trial. Only students in the blended learning group had access to the online preparation platform for oral surgery practical work (PW) on a pig's jaw and to the debriefing. Kirkpatrick's four‐level model was used to assess the educational outcomes directly after (levels 1 and 2) and 6 months later, after the start of the students' clinical activity (levels 3 and 4). Results: For level 1, higher global satisfaction scores were found for students in the blended learning compared to the traditional learning group (p =.002). For level 2, blended learning resulted in an increase in knowledge score (p <.01), comparable to that observed in the traditional learning group. For level 3, students in the blended group made more progress in 6 months than those in the traditional group in terms of feeling able to assess and perform anaesthesia (p =.040) and surgical tooth extraction (p =.043). No difference in level 4 was found for the 6‐month clinical surgical activity between groups, but students in the blended group felt more able to assess and perform the surgical management of a failed extraction requiring bone removal (p =.044). Conclusion: Blended learning for oral surgery PW had a positive impact on three of the four Kirkpatrick levels (level 1, 3 and 4). Efforts should focus on the procedures that are perceived as the most difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiovascular disorder, which can affect the rhythm of the heart. Dental treatment can often present as an obstacle for patients with Brugada syndrome as the use of local anaesthetic can have adverse effects on the electrical conduction system of the heart. Aim: The aim of this series is to discuss the aetiopathogenesis, presentation and management of Brugada syndrome and its relevance to dentistry and the dental team. Methods: The authors present a series of three Brugada syndrome patients who underwent dental intervention in a hospital setting. Results and Conclusion: The series highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary care for patients with Brugada syndrome. Liaising with other teams, such as cariologists and GMPs, allows a patient centred approach and better understanding of patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Smoking among medical, dental, and pharmacy students is an issue in every university worldwide, which will impact future smoking cessation services as they are future healthcare providers. This study investigates the smoking prevalence, exposure to secondhand smoke, and factors associated with smoking among medical, dental, and pharmacy students at a public university in Malaysia. Methods The self-administered online survey utilized in this cross-sectional study was derived from the Global Health Professions Students Survey (GHPSS), which involved medical, dental, and pharmacy students. A total of 328 participants completed a questionnaire from June to August 2022, with a response rate of 91.1%. Results The overall smoking prevalence was 4.6% among the medical, dental, and pharmacy students who participated in this study; 46.7% of current smokers were exposed to secondhand smoke at home compared to 17.6% of non-smokers (p=0.011); and 66.7% of smokers were exposed to secondhand smoke in public compared to 40.3% of non-smokers (p=0.043). In all, 99.1% of respondents supported the smoking ban and 46.7% of current smokers supported the smoking ban in discos/bars/pubs, compared to 82.0% of non-smokers (p=0.002). Of the participants, 96.6% received lessons on the danger of tobacco, and 65.5% received smoking cessation training. Among factors associated with current smoking was gender; male students had a 19-fold higher likelihood of smoking than female students (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=19.25; 95% CI: 4.25–87.19, p

Context: PhD is one of the programs pursued by faculty working in health sciences institutions. It is valuable to know about the perceived challenges and support available for the faculty to pursue PhD. Aims: The aim was to study the factors affecting the pursuit of PhD by faculty employed in institutions offering medicine and dentistry in the state of Karnataka. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted among 366 faculty across 22 medical and 12 dental institutions. Subjects and Methods: The questionnaire was administered online after content and face validation. Statistical Analysis: The Mann–Whitney U-test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used. Results: Knowledge creation (86.1%), personal career advancement in the form of promotions (75.5%), and contribution to the health of society or community (73.8%) were generally perceived as the motives to pursue PhD. Work commitments in the department (80.6%) and lack of appropriate academic position after completing PhD (79.5%) were identified as the major factors obstructing the enrollment for PhD. Respondents reported that the scientific rigor of research might be undermined by career-related motives (70.7%). Routine professional activities like clinical work (72.7%) and academic work (71.9%) were reported to be adversely affected while pursuing PhD. 68.8% of faculty believed that a PhD holder would be a better researcher. Conclusions: Both personal and altruistic motives influence the pursuit of PhD. Many factors hinder the pursuit of PhD and the conduct of quality research. Institutional support may enhance the enrollment.

Abstract In this retrospective cohort study the survival rate, clinical parameters, patient satisfaction with aesthetics and oral health-related quality of life of 3D printed temporary crowns were evaluated. Temporary crowns were 3D printed with a Form3B out of Permanent Crown Resin (Formlabs GmbH). Anonymized data for the restorations’ survival (in-situ) was evaluated retrospectively for 98 temporary crowns of 63 patients fabricated within 19 months. Among these restorations, further analysis was conducted for 42 temporary crowns of 24 patients regarding clinical parameters (modified USPHS criteria), patient satisfaction with aesthetics and impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) (OHIP 14). Descriptive statistical analysis (significance level of α = 0.05) included a Kaplan–Meier curve for survival analysis, a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for USPHS, aesthetics and OHIP data, followed by a Wilcoxon test for USPHS and OHIP data and Chi-squared test for aesthetics data. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for OHIP data. The average observation period for survival analysis was 256 days. The survival rate was satisfactory at 98% and n = 2 catastrophic failures (i.e. fracture) occurred. Total OHIP scores, with good reliabilities, improved from 6.63 to 2.21 significantly (p = 0.005) and patient satisfaction with aesthetics (p

Purpose/Objectives: This article introduces the Key Electronic Assessment Platform (KEAP), an electronic-based assessment platform created in-house at the College of Dentistry (COD), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It highlights the platform’s integral value and demand within the educational system. Methods: The article introduces the KEAP system design and architecture, describes its features, tests, and implementation in addition to its maintenance and security. It also presents the outcomes of KEAP utilization and the level of users’ satisfaction. Results: The KEAP item bank has been expanded by more than 26,500 questions over the last four academic years and 1,255 exams have been administered. KEAP provides a highly secure structured framework for assessment planning, conduction, and evaluation. More than 90% of students and faculty are satisfied or very satisfied with their experience using the KEAP system indicating that it is well accepted by the end users. Conclusions: The development of KEAP is based on contextual factors in COD, KSAU-HS with the aim of creating a process for assessment that is valid, efficient, standardized, and highly secure. KEAP’s design and successful implementation can provide a successful example of implementing electronic-based assessment in higher education.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an important part of our lives owing to increased data availability and improved power of computing. One of the recently launched modalities of AI, ChatGPT, is being enormously used worldwide for different types of tasks. In medical context, its use is being explored for clinical queries, academia, research help, etc. Further, literature suggests that parents seek information about health of their children using different Internet resources and would surely turn toward ChatGPT for the same, as this chatbot model is easy to use, generates “one” response, and is available without any subscription. ChatGPT generates a response using text cues and applying different algorithms on prepublished literature but is still in its naïve state; hence, it is imperative to validate the generated responses. Accordingly, we planned this study to determine the clarity, correctness, and completeness of some Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about child’s oral health, from a mother’s perspective. Methods: The study design was a vignette-based survey and included a set of 23 questions, for which ChatGPT was interviewed from the perspective of an imaginary parent. The answers responded by ChatGPT were copied “verbatim,” and a Google survey form was designed. The survey form was validated and then sent to 15 pediatric dentists, and the responses were mainly collected on the Likert’s scale with a provision of one open-ended question aiming to determine “what they would have added” to this generated response as an expert in the field. Results: The responses on Likert’s scale were condensed and values ≥4 were considered ‘adequate and acceptable’ while scores ≤3, were considered ‘inadequate’. The generated responses and comments mentioned by different respondents in the open-ended question were critiqued in reference to the existing literature. Conclusion: Overall, the responses were found to be complete and logical and in clear language, with only some inadequacies being reported in few of the answers.

Abstract Orthopedic and dental implant failure continues to be a significant concern due to localized bacterial infections. Previous studies have attempted to improve implant surfaces by modifying their texture and roughness or coating them with antibiotics to enhance antibacterial properties for implant longevity. However, these approaches have demonstrated limited effectiveness. In this study, we attempted to engineer the titanium (Ti) alloy surface biomimetically at the nanometer scale, inspired by the cicada wing nanostructure using alkaline hydrothermal treatment (AHT) to simultaneously confer antibacterial properties and support the adhesion and proliferation of mammalian cells. The two modified Ti surfaces were developed using a 4 h and 8 h AHT process in 1 N NaOH at 230 °C, followed by a 2-hour post-calcination at 600 °C. We found that the control plates showed a relatively smooth surface, while the treatment groups (4 h & 8 h AHT) displayed nanoflower structures containing randomly distributed nano-spikes. The results demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the contact angle of the treatment groups, which increased wettability characteristics. The 8 h AHT group exhibited the highest wettability and significant increase in roughness 0.72 ± 0.08 µm (P

Abstract Titanium (Ti) dental scaffolds are widely used in dental prosthetics due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, conventional Ti scaffolds manufactured through machining often do not fit perfectly with the bone defect site. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology enables the personalised manufacturing of custom‐made Ti scaffolds. A custom‐made Ti scaffold was prepared using LPBF and its surface roughness was improved through chemical polishing. To enhance the surface roughness, a nitric acid mixed solution with a specific composition of HF: HNO3:C3H6O3 = 2:2:3 was used. The polishing mechanism was investigated by adjusting the F/Ti ratio to control the formation and dissolution of the oxide film. As a result, the surface of the Ti scaffold after polishing exhibited a smooth and flat appearance compared to the LPBF part, with a reduced surface roughness (Ra) of 1.23 ± 0.19 μm. The custom‐made Ti scaffold also demonstrated favourable mechanical properties, with a bending strength of 335.18 ± 33.62 MPa and stiffness of 2.13 ± 0.21 GPa. Furthermore, in vitro cell tests confirmed the excellent biocompatibility of the custom‐made Ti scaffold. The authors present a feasible strategy for the further clinical application of custom‐made Ti scaffolds, offering enhanced surface properties and addressing the limitations of conventional machining methods.

Introduction: Identifying obstacles that prevent the adoption and implementation of statistical techniques (STes) could enlighten policymakers’ decisions and pave the way for fostering the attainment of predetermined targets in the health-care sector, in line with Saudi Vision 2030 and the transformational period in the health-care sector, including dental services. Aims: The study aimed to identify and discuss the challenges preventing the adoption of statistical thinking (STk) and statistical techniques in dental service organizations in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The study applied a mixed design to investigate the researched case. An exploratory approach was used to obtain an initial understanding of the case, explore it, and find factual evidence of its structure, dynamics, and context. On the other hand, an explanatory approach was employed to address inquiries of the mechanisms and rationales behind a specific event. This study employs a triangulation concept, combining survey results and a comprehensive examination of charts, reports, and documentation to unravel the intricate operational performance and decision-making (DM) facets. Results and Discussion: The survey, conducted over two time points with 57 and 49 participants, revealed a positive trajectory in crucial elements, notably a two-fold improvement observed in the STk factor. The regression analysis validated these trends, revealing numerical shifts in several elements and robust model fitting. Documentation analysis, spanning 120 documents, 23 reports, and 13 interview papers, enriched our understanding of the organizational landscape. The initial identification of 208 codes was thematically refined, encapsulating diverse challenges ranging from workforce dynamics to data quality and facility management. The discussion encompasses findings on organizational efficacy, resource constraints, structural inflexibility, and challenges in managerial DM. It highlights systemic inefficiencies, unbalanced demand-support dynamics, and consequences on service quality and stakeholder satisfaction. Conclusion: The study explored the adoption of new healthcare management systems in Saudi Arabia, focusing on STk and STes integration, and highlights significant cultural advancements.

Abstract Oral disorders can exert systemic ramifications beyond their localized effects on dental tissues, implicating a wide array of physiological conditions. The utilization of essential oils (EOs) for protection of oral health represents a longstanding practice. Consequently, in this investigation, essential oil derived from Nigella sativa seeds (NSEO) underwent isolation via the hydro-distillation process, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, antibacterial activities, and cytocompatibility. The isolated NSEO manifested as a pale-yellow substance and was found to harbor a diverse spectrum of bioactive constituents, including steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, alkaloids, tannin, sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons, monoterpenoid alcohol, and monoterpenoid ketone (thymoquinone). Notably, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of NSEO were quantified at 641.23 μg GAE/gm and 442.25 μg QE/g, respectively. Furthermore, NSEO exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation, HRBC membrane stabilization, and hemolysis inhibition. Comparative analysis revealed that NSEO and chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2% displayed substantial inhibition of hemolysis compared to aspirin. While NSEO and CHX 0.2% demonstrated analogous antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, NSEO showcased heightened efficacy against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans. Additionally, NSEO exhibited pronounced effects against periodontal pathogens such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia. Importantly, no cytotoxicity was observed on human gingival fibroblast cell lines. These findings underscore the potential of NSEO as a potent antibacterial and antifungal agent in the management of oral microbial pathogens, thereby offering avenues for the development of innovative therapies targeting diverse oral inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to unlock its full therapeutic repertoire.

This study introduces an innovative approach to enhance the antibacterial properties of lithium disilicate glass ceramics, widely used in dental restorations. We explored the efficacy of tannic acid (TA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as coating agents, capitalizing on a robust defense against microbial colonization and biofilm formation. We employed various analytical techniques, including differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to characterize the physical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of the TA/PEI coated glass-ceramics. Results indicated a notable improvement in the mechanical properties, such as Weibull modulus, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of the coated samples. Moreover, the TA/PEI coatings displayed superior thermal stability and effective leaching behavior in different pH, pertinent to dental applications. Significantly, the TA/PEI coatings exhibited high antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria, making them promising candidates for enhancing the bioactivity of dental restorative materials. This study lays the foundation for developing advanced antibacterial coatings for dental applications, aiming to improve patient outcomes in dental care.