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Finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to analyze the behavior of dental materials, mainly in implantology. However, FEA is a mechanical analysis and few studies have tried to simulate the biological characteristics of the healing process of loaded implants. This study used the rule of mixtures to simulate the biological healing process of immediate implants in an alveolus socket and bone‐implant junction interface through FEA. Three‐dimensional geometric models of the structures were obtained, and material properties were derived from the literature. The rule of mixtures was used to simulate the healing periods—immediate and early loading, in which the concentration of each cell type, based on in vivo studies, influenced the final elastic moduli. A 100 N occlusal load was simulated in axial and oblique directions. The models were evaluated for maximum and minimum principal strains, and the bone overload was assessed through Frost's mechanostat. There was a higher strain concentration in the healing regions and cortical bone tissue near the cervical portion. The bone overload was higher in the immediate load condition. The method used in this study may help to simulate the biological healing process and could be useful to relate FEA results to clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the interface of universal adhesive (UA) with bulk‐fill resin (BF) and dentin, after endodontic irrigation. The pulp chamber of 96 molars was irrigated with chlorhexidine 2% (CHX) or sodium hypochlorite 5.25% (NaOCl) and restored according to three restorative protocols. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage tests were performed after 24 h of thermocycling. Kruskal Wallis, Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon were performed (p < 0.05). Comparing restorative systems, a difference was found only when irrigated with CHX after 24 h. CHX provided higher μTBS than NaOCl after 24 h for two restorative protocols; after thermocycling, NaOCl provided the greatest μTBS than CHX for one group. Decreased μTBS was observed for all restorative systems when CHX was used after thermocycling. NaOCl demonstrated the highest nanoleakage. The composition of UA influenced the immediate adhesion and sealing to BF when CHX was used; ageing has a deteriorating effect on adhesion and sealing for all restorative systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the predictors of survival of non‐occlusal non‐incisal glass‐ionomer restorations as a surrogate for root surface restorations among older adults. Methods: In a retrospective cohort analysis using the University of Iowa College of Dentistry electronic dental records, we included 721 patients aged 65+ who received 2+ surface non‐occlusal non‐incisal glass ionomer restorations placed from January 2005 – December 2011. Restorations were followed until September 2017 or until they were deemed to have failed. Results: At baseline, participants' mean age was 77.6 ± 8.2 years, and 45.8% were females. Most patients were self‐pay (65.2%). Most restorations were placed by residents and dental students (82.7%) and included only two surfaces (95.6%). About half (49.1%) failed during follow‐up, with a median survival time of 3.7 years. The time ratio for lower incisors compared to other teeth was 0.6 (p =.006), for three‐and‐four‐surface restorations compared to two was 0.7 (p =.007), for faculty as providers compared to residents and students was 1.4 (p =.039), and for the Geriatric & Special Needs Clinic compared to others was 0.8 (p =.013). Time ratios less than one indicate association with shorter durations for restorations, and time ratios greater than one indicate association with longer durations for restorations. Conclusion: Tooth type, number of restored surfaces, provider type, and clinic were all significant factors associated with survival of these restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The fear of contracting coronavirus has influenced people’s decisions regarding visiting crowded places, such as facilities providing medical and dental services. We aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental care utilization patterns in 16 community health centers in Gonabad. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from 16 community health centers in Gonabad from 2019 to 2021 (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic). Data pertaining to daily dental services, including check-ups, tooth extractions, tooth restorations, and scaling, were extracted and subsequently subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software, version 22 at a significance level of

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical performance of two methacrylate-based flowable composites and an ormocer-based flowable composite in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in adult participants. Method and materials: In total, 183 restorations were performed on NCCLs. All cavities were restored using a universal adhesive system (Futurabond U, Voco) with selective enamel etching and with one of the three evaluated flowable composites (n = 61): low-viscosity methacrylate-based composite (GrandioSO Flow, LV), high-viscosity methacrylate-based composite (GrandioSO Heavy Flow, HV), and an ormocer-based flowable composite (Admira Fusion Flow, ORM). All restorations were evaluated using FDI and USPHS criteria after 24 months. Kruskall-Wallis analysis of variance rank (α = .05) was used for statistical analysis. Results: After 24 months of clinical evaluation, 16 restorations were lost (LV = 3, HV = 10, ORM = 3) and the retention rates (95% confidence interval) were 95.0% for LV, 82.2% for HV, and 95.0% for ORM, with statistical differences observed between HV and LV as well as HV and ORM (P < .05). When secondary parameters were evaluated, no significant differences between groups were observed (P > .05). Thirty-three restorations (LV = 8, HV = 13, ORM = 12) showed minor marginal staining, 71 restorations (LV = 26, HV = 20, ORM = 25) presented small marginal adaptation defects, and one restoration for HV presented recurrence of caries. Conclusion: The universal adhesive associated with the ormocer-based and methacrylate-based flowable composite showed promising clinical performance after 24 months. However, the heavy-flow restorations showed significantly more failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental restoration has been a major concern of healthcare since centuries. Several alloys are in use for dental prostheses including Ni–Cr–Mo alloy. The Ni–Cr–Mo alloy has advantage of economy and density over other alloys, while possessing equivalent corrosion and biocompatibility characteristics. However, beryllium in Ni–Cr–Mo dental casting alloys has associated health hazards, being carcinogenic. In this research Ni–Cr–Mo alloys with minor additions of boron (0.2 wt %), cerium (0.4 wt %) and titanium (2 wt %), to replace beryllium were developed through vacuum induction melting and investment casting technique. Manufacturing steps are detailed for the alloy development to have medically clean alloy, suitable for biomedical applications. The cast alloy samples were tested for microstructure, phases, melting temperatures, wear and corrosion characteristics. Corrosion and wear test results demonstrate that the composition with minor addition of cerium had a significant effect to have low corrosion rate (25.92 × 10−3 mills per year), low wear rate (0.04 × 10−4 mm3/N.m) and lowest coefficient of friction.

Endodontically treated teeth are fragile compared to vital teeth. The reason for the decrease in fracture resistance and hardness is related to the deterioration of the structural integrity as a result of caries, trauma and cavity preparation. Restorations in endodontically treated teeth are applied considering the remaining tooth structure and functional status. For many years, post core systems that require additional preparation in the root canal, as well as the loss of most of the coronal tooth structures, are used for the final restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Endocrowns are monoblock restorations that attach to the pulp chamber and its walls, providing macro-mechanical and cementation with micro-mechanics, thus requiring no additional preparation. The first study written on ceramic endocrown was published in 1995. In this study, it is defined as a ceramic monoblock production technique for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. This procedure was later named "endocrown" in 1999.

Resin‐based three‐dimensional (3D) printing finds extensive application in the field of dentistry. Although studies of cytotoxicity, mechanical and physical properties have been conducted for newly released 3D printing resins such as Crowntec (Saremco), Temporary Crown Resin (Formlabs) and Crown & Bridge (Nextdent), the resistance of these materials to esterases in saliva has not been demonstrated at the molecular level. Therefore, in this study, the binding affinities and stability of these new 3D printing resins to the catalytic sites of esterases were investigated using molecular docking and molecular mechanics with Poisson–Bolzmann and surface area solvation (MM/PBSA) methods after active pocket screening. Toxicity predictions of the materials were also performed using ProTox‐II and Toxtree servers. The materials were analyzed for mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, and LD50 values were predicted from their molecular structures. The results indicated that out of the three novel 3D printing materials, Nexdent exhibited reduced binding affinity to esterases, indicating enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation and possessing a superior toxicity profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leucite glass–ceramics are excellent dental restorative materials, but they have relatively poor fracture toughness and high hardness, which leads to lower damage tolerance and counter‐tooth wear, respectively. These materials are also susceptible to bacterial infections and biofilm formations. Here, we report a versatile material leucite–silver‐based glass–ceramic to address the aforementioned shortcomings. Silver was incorporated in leucite (K2O·Al2O3·4SiO2) glass–ceramic to improve the fracture toughness, reduce hardness, and impart antibacterial characteristics. Silver (2, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) was added into the leucite glass matrix by two approaches, that is, using silver nanoflakes (AgNFs) and using precursor (AgNO3), via thermal decomposition, followed by a sintering process. The incorporation of silver was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. Results showed that the hardness of the leucite‐silver composite material was reduced by 30% and indentation toughness improved by 47% as determined by Vickers indentation. Antibacterial characteristics of the material were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy was done to see the morphology of damaged bacteria and colonies. Further, antibacterial activity was quantified using the colony formation unit counting method. All the samples showed antibacterial activity and the sample with the highest silver content, that is, 15 wt.% showed maximum potential to damage the bacteria. Inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy analysis is done in phosphate buffer saline solution to quantify the amount of silver leached out from the leucite‐silver glass–ceramic samples. It was seen that the cumulative leached‐out silver over 3 days was less than 4 μg/cm2 which is well within the daily tolerance limit (5 μg/kg/day) of silver for the human body. Further, to confirm the cell viability, a cytocompatibility test is performed using L929 fibroblast and AW8507 oral cell lines. Cell viability of more than 80% was achieved, suggesting their suitability for biomedical applications. It is believed that the developed material can be a potential candidate for various applications like dental restorations, implants, and coating material for different substrates (SS 304, SS 316, Ti6Al4V, etc.) to protect them from bacterial infections and biofilm formation, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the influence of printing orientation on flexural strength (σf) and elastic modulus (E) of different 3D printing dental restorative resins. Bar-shaped specimens (n = 20) were fabricated from two SLA-printed resins (FT- Formlabs Temporary, and FP- Formlabs Permanent) and two DLP-printed resins (DFT- Detax Freeprint Temp, and GCT- GC Temporary) using two building orientations (0º and 90º). The 3D-printed structures were aged (14 d) before submitted to three-point bending in 37ºC distilled water at a crosshead speed of 1.0 ± 0.3 mm/min until fracture to calculate the σf and the E values. The fractured surfaces were evaluated using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following fractography principles. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc (α = 0.001). FP and FT showed significantly higher E values than DFT and GCT, irrespectively of printing orientation (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between the building orientations (0º and 90º) for the mean σf and E values for the resin materials evaluated. Fractographic characteristics were similar for the surface fracture from all the materials evaluated, showing typical brittle fracture behavior. Printing orientation did not influence of flexural strength and elastic modulus values for the 3D-printed resin structures evaluated. Surface topography was mostly governed by the 3D printer type. • Mechanical properties such as flexural strength and elastic modulus were not affected by the printing angle. • The surface topography of the evaluated 3D-printing resins is mostly governed by the printer type. • Typical brittle fracture features were found for the evaluated 3D-printing resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feldspar ceramic materials are widely used as dental ceramic materials in the field of dental prosthetics. Studying their wear mechanisms is of great significance for the evaluation and prediction of dental ceramic life. This paper studies the wear mechanisms of feldspar ceramic materials from the aspects of wear performance experiments and finite element analysis. The high speed ring block friction and wear tester were used to conduct 3.5 x 105 times wear tests on the Sirona CEREC Blocks feldspathic ceramic block under the load of 10, 20, 30 N and 40 N. The changes of wear quality, wear rate, etc. with respect to load and wear times were obtained. According to the change curve, the wear process of feldspathic ceramics was divided into three stages and the wear surface morphology of each stage was observed. The Archard wear model was modified and improved, and based on this, the finite element simulation research was carried out through the UMESHMOTION subroutine in ABAQUS. Two node paths were selected to conduct simulation analysis on the adaptive mesh area of ALE for wear under four load sizes and 3.Ox 105 wear cycles. Compared with the experimental wear depths, the maximum error under 10N load was 12.18%, and the minimum error under 30 N load was 8.64%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the effects of different fluoride-releasing restorative materials on dentin microhardness. The process involves demineralization and remineralization cycles with topical fluoride application, with the hypothesis that these materials affect the mineral content and thereby the microhardness of dentin. Four groups were established based on the type of restorative material used. Group 1 used Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC), Group 2 used Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC), Group 3 employed Equia Forte and Group 4 used Cention N. Each group consisted of 30 samples. The methodology included applying dentin conditioner, restoration and light curing. The microhardness of root dentin was measured at distances of 100 μm, 200 μm, and 300 μm from the restoration interface after pH cycling using a Knoop indenter. Results: The results showed a significant difference in dentin microhardness among the groups. For instance, at 100 μm from the restoration interface, Group 1 showed a microhardness of 45 KHN, Group 2 showed 50 KHN, Group 3 showed 60 KHN, and Group 4 showed 48 KHN. Similar trends were observed at 200 μm and 300 μm, indicating varying levels of remineralization efficacy among the materials. Conclusion: Equia Forte exhibited superior anticariogenic potential compared to the other materials. The use of topical fluoride agents was found to enhance the efficacy of these restorative materials, with GC Tooth Mousse Plus out performing Colgate Total. The study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate restorative materials in caries-prone individuals but also highlights the need for further in-vivo research to simulate more complex oral conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of dental pulp damage during dental procedures is well known. According to studies, during finishing and polishing without cooling, temperatures of up to 140 °C or more can be generated. There are many studies that have analysed the influence of the finishing and polishing of fillings on the mechanical parameters, but the analysis of thermal parameters has led to uncertain results due to the difficulty of performing this in vivo. Background: We set out to conduct a study, using the finite element method, to determine the extent to which the type of class II cavity and the volume of the composite filling influence the duration of heat transfer to the pulp during finishing and polishing without cooling. Materials and Methods: A virtual model of an upper primary molar was used, with a caries process located on the distal aspect, in which four types of cavities were digitally prepared: direct access, horizontal slot, vertical slot and occlusal–proximal. All four cavity types were filled using a Filtek Supreme XT nanocomposite. Results: The study showed that the filling volume almost inversely proportionally influences the time at which the dental pulp reaches the critical temperature of irreversible damage. The lowest duration occurred in occlusal–distal restorations and the highest in direct access restorations. Conclusions: based on the results of the study, a working protocol can be issued so that finishing and polishing restorations without cooling are safe for pulpal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study intends to evaluate the frequency and causes of replacement for failed amalgam and composite dental restorations. Methodology: A cross-sectional study comprising female patients with failed permanent composite and amalgam restorations aged 15–60 years old was carried out at the dental clinics of Qassim University. Using a self-structured proforma, demographic data and causes for restoration failure were recorded. The effectiveness of the restorations was assessed by using the Ryge criteria after performing clinical and radiographic examinations. The Statistical Package for Social Science was used for the statistical analysis. Results: It is found that 84.6% of the 299 unsuccessful restorations examined were composite, and 15.4% were amalgam. The main reason for dental failure for both amalgam (95.6%) and composite (93.28%) restorations was secondary caries. Failure of amalgam restoration was largely caused by poor marginal adaptation. With varied incidences between amalgam and composite restorations, typical complaints included discomfort, sensitivity, pain, and food impaction with soreness. The main justification for replacement in amalgam restorations was sensitivity. Repair and replacement rates were similar for amalgam, composite, and mandibular/maxillary restorations. Moreover, 21.1% of individuals overall reported no symptoms, with 8.7% in the amalgam group and 23.3% in the composite group with significant differences (χ2 = 34.28, P = 0.001). Conclusion: According to the current study, secondary caries was found to be the main reason for both amalgam and composite restoration failure. The main problems reported were sensitivity, discomfort, and pain with amalgam showing more sensitivity-related failures.

This study evaluated the impact of different solvents and UV post-curing times on properties of 3D printing resins for provisional restorations. The post-processing methods were tested using two solvents (isopropyl alcohol or absolute ethanol) and three UV times (5, 10, or 30 min). The resins tested were Resilab 3D Temp, Printax Temp, and Prizma Bioprov. Microhardness (kgf/mm2), fracture toughness (K IC , MPa√m), surface roughness (Ra, µm), gloss (gloss units), and degree of C C conversion (%DC) were measured (n = 8). All response variables were collected from the same specimen. The specimens were 3D printed using an SLA/LCD printer (150° angulation, 50 µm layer thickness). Light exposure times were adjusted for each material, and the post-processing methods were applied using an all-in-one machine immediately after printing. Data were analyzed using Three-Way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Microhardness was affected by UV post-cure time and 3D resin. Resilab showed higher microhardness with isopropyl alcohol and 30-min UV time, while Printax had higher microhardness with absolute ethanol. K IC was influenced by solvent type, UV time, and 3D resin, with varying effects on different resins. Roughness was affected by 3D resin and UV time, but no significant differences were seen for Resilab or Prizma. Gloss was influenced by 3D resin, and for Prizma, it was lower with specific solvent/UV time combinations. DC was influenced by 3D resin, with each resin behaving differently. Tailoring the combination of 3D resin, solvent washing type, and UV post-curing time is important to achieve optimal mechanical and aesthetic outcomes for restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study intends to evaluate the frequency and causes of replacement for failed amalgam and composite dental restorations. Methodology: A cross-sectional study comprising female patients with failed permanent composite and amalgam restorations aged 15–60 years old was carried out at the dental clinics of Qassim University. Using a self-structured proforma, demographic data and causes for restoration failure were recorded. The effectiveness of the restorations was assessed by using the Ryge criteria after performing clinical and radiographic examinations. The Statistical Package for Social Science was used for the statistical analysis. Results: It is found that 84.6% of the 299 unsuccessful restorations examined were composite, and 15.4% were amalgam. The main reason for dental failure for both amalgam (95.6%) and composite (93.28%) restorations was secondary caries. Failure of amalgam restoration was largely caused by poor marginal adaptation. With varied incidences between amalgam and composite restorations, typical complaints included discomfort, sensitivity, pain, and food impaction with soreness. The main justification for replacement in amalgam restorations was sensitivity. Repair and replacement rates were similar for amalgam, composite, and mandibular/maxillary restorations. Moreover, 21.1% of individuals overall reported no symptoms, with 8.7% in the amalgam group and 23.3% in the composite group with significant differences (χ2 = 34.28, P = 0.001). Conclusion: According to the current study, secondary caries was found to be the main reason for both amalgam and composite restoration failure. The main problems reported were sensitivity, discomfort, and pain with amalgam showing more sensitivity-related failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To answer the following research question: does the clinical evaluation of restorations on permanent teeth with bioactive materials show greater retention rates than those with non-bioactive materials? Materials and methods: A search strategy was used in the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with a minimum of 2-year follow-up and evaluating at least one bioactive material in permanent teeth were included. Risk of bias was detected according to the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias (RoB 2.0), and network meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects Bayesian-mixed treatment comparison model. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included. The success of the restorations was assessed using modified USPHS system in 24 studies and the FDI criteria in 3 studies. Network meta-analysis revealed three networks based on restoration preparations. Resin composites were ranked with higher SUCRA values, indicating a greater likelihood of being the preferred treatment for class I, II, and III restorations. In class V, resin-modified glass ionomer cement was ranked with the highest value. Conclusion: Bioactive restorative materials showed similar good clinical performance in terms of retention similarly to conventional resin composites. Clinical significance: The findings must be interpreted with caution because many RCT on restorative materials aim to verify the equivalence of new materials over the gold standard material rather than their superiority. The present systematic review also suggests that new RCT with longer follow-up periods are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Tooth gemination is a single enlarged or joined tooth with a normal tooth count when the anomalous tooth is counted as one. Mandibular second premolars show an elevated variability of crown morphology. Only nine cases of isolated second premolar macrodontia have been reported in the literature. CASE DESCRIPTION: This case report presents the clinical and radiographic findings and conservative treatment of an atypical and rare case of localized bilateral molarization of mandibular second premolars. CONCLUSION: Dental professionals should acquire deeper knowledge about anomalies and plan treatment carefully to avoid unexpected complications during dental procedures caused by morphological ignorance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction and Objective: Although the use of ceramic veneers is widespread, their failures are seldom reported. When fractures do occur, they are often related to treatment planning. This case report describes a 6.5-year follow-up of a restorative treatment involving ceramic laminate veneers on a patient with a nail-biting habit. Case report: After two restorations failed, repair with composite resin was chosen as an intermediary treatment, and the clinical steps until the ultimate replacement of the ceramics are described. Results and Conclusion: The repair resulted in postponing the restorations replacement for almost five years. It highlights that replacement does not need to be the first treatment option in cases of failures of feldspar ceramic laminate veneers. These failures may be managed conservatively with a composite resin repair, with the advantage of postponing the need for replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endodontic treatments during pregnancy can be safely performed taking certain precautions. The aim of this clinical case, which we present in our article, was to treat an irreversible pulpitis in a second-trimester pregnancy patient who was undergoing an orthodontic treatment prior to pregnancy. The endodontic treatment was performed without removing the facial arch and brackets, in a single session, using multiple waves condensation method. The endodontic technique of vertical hot condensation used has the advantage that it can fill the entire root system three-dimensionally. After one week, the coronal restoration was made with resin composites. Teeth that are included in an orthodontic treatment can be adequately endodontically treated and coronally restored during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Prevention and treatment services use is closely associated with socioeconomic factors, such as income. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between implementing the sealant program and resin fillings restoration and to explore the role of income and frequency of dental visits in this relationship. Methods This retrospective cohort study used the cohort database from the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service. The study population comprised 494,731 children born in 2007. A logistic regression model for the experience of resin fillings and a linear regression model for weighted utilization of them were used to identify the independent effects of dental sealants, income, and frequency of dental visits. All analyses were conducted using the SAS Enterprise Guide version 7.1 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results The ratio based on income level was almost proportional in all groups except the medical aid group, which had a rate as high as that of the wealthier group. Children without sealants were 1.05 times more likely to have resin fillings than others after adjusting for income level and frequency of visiting dental clinics in the final model. However, an opposite relationship between sealant experiences and resin fillings was observed in the previous model without dental visits. The gap in the weighted resin filling scores according to socioeconomic variables showed a similar tendency. Conclusions Income and frequency of dental visits might be confounding factors for the relationship between dental sealant and resin fillings. It is necessary to consider the complex relationship between socioeconomic indicators and service use while studying oral health inequality.

Aim of the study The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microhardness evolution of several finished and polished dental composites modified by bleaching materials, when applied to restoration surfaces. Material and methods Three microhybrid composites and one nano-filled composite that are used in dental restorations were selected. Using these composites, a series of samples were finished and polished over which the “Office Bleach” dental bleaching protocol with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel or the “Home Bleach” dental bleaching protocol with 16% carbamide peroxide gel was applied. Results For all composite types, the differences between the microhardness values corresponding to the control and bleaching groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Following the bleaching protocol with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel it was found that the microhardness of the samples decreased considerably compared to the control samples, and the lowest value was recorded for the GC G-aenial Anterior sample (after “Office Bleach”). Following the 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching protocol (“Home Bleach”) it was noted that the microhardness of the samples was not as affected as for the samples bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide. Conclusions For both the “Home Bleach” and the “Office Bleach” dental bleaching protocols, the differences between the variation in microhardness of the 4 types of composites (before and after bleaching) were statistically significant (p < 0.05), with the “Office Bleach” protocol proving to be the most aggressive for all types of composites.

Abstract Background Proper proximal contact in direct composite restorations is crucial for periodontal health. Over a one-year period, this study was conducted to assess successive biological changes in proximal contact tightness PCT in class II direct composite restorations and the adjacent teeth by applying sectional matrix system along with different contact forming instruments. Methods 72 direct compound class II composite restorations were performed in patients aged 18–40 years and divided into 4 groups: Group I (n = 18): proximal contact was restored with Palodent plus sectional matrix system, Group II (n = 18): Trimax as contact forming instrument, Group III (n = 18): Perform as contact forming instrument and Group IV (n = 18): Contact pro as contact forming instrument. All contact forming instruments were used along with Palodent plus matrix system. PCT was measured using a digital force gauge before (T0), immediate post operative (T1) and at 3 (T2), 6 (T3), 9 (T4), and 12 months (T5) after restorative treatment. Using One-Way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, and Bonferroni correction, PCT values were compared between groups before and after the intervention restoration. Meanwhile, for comparisons within groups, a paired t-test was conducted (p ≤ 0.05). Results Contact forming instruments combined with Palodent plus sectional matrix system achieved better PCT. Trimax led to a statistically considerable tighter proximal contacts than the other groups (p

Abstract: Background/purpose: Overlay restorations can be used clinically as a treatment option to preserve natural dentine. However, whether the residual enamel thickness and overlay thickness affect the adhesion between the restoration and tooth is still unknown. This study was to investigate effects of the overlay thickness and residual enamel thickness on bonding strength. Materials and methods: Overlays of different thicknesses were prepared with natural teeth which had 2, 4, and 6 mm of occlusal reduction (n = 10). Specimens were subjected to 10,000 cycles in water at 5–55 °C, and finally compressive strength tests were used to evaluate the bonding strength. Results: All groups showed good bond strength (P > 0.05). The overlay restorations of different thicknesses reduced the preparation amount by 30.3%–7.2% and significantly preserved more of the tooth structure (P

Objectives: To compare the operative time and presence of air voids on Class II restorations fabricated by dental practitioners with 1 to 5 years of experience using incremental and bulk-filling techniques. Method and materials: Four techniques were evaluated: incremental, bulk-filling, bulk-filling with heated composite, and snowplow technique. Standardized mandibular first molars with a MOD (mesial, occlusal, and distal) cavity were used. Voluntary operators made two restorations using each technique and the time required for each restoration was recorded. The restorations were scanned by micro-computed tomography to calculate the volume of the restoration occupied by air voids. The "operative time" and "volume of air voids" were analyzed individually by two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc (a = .05) for the factors operator and insertion technique. A correlation between "operative time" and "volume of air voids" was evaluated using Pearson coefficient (a = .05). Results: The incremental technique required significantly longer time, yet no differences were observed between the bulk-filling techniques. There were no significant differences between techniques regarding the volume of air voids. A significant, but weak, and inverse linear correlation (P = .0059; r = -.29; r2 = 8.41%) was found between the operative time and volume of air voids. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the volume of air voids among the evaluated techniques, although bulk-filling techniques required a shorter operative time. Hence, implementing bulk-filling techniques by dental schools and restorative dental practitioners with different levels of expertise may reduce chair time and produce a volume of air voids similar to the incremental technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical performance of minimally invasive, CAD/CAM nano-ceramic (composite) restorations in patients with severe tooth wear, the effect of the restorative treatment on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and the etiology of tooth wear as a risk factor for restoration failure. Materials and Methods: Patients with generalized severe tooth wear were included. Restorations (LAVA Ultimate, 3M Oral Care) were cemented (RelyX Ultimate, 3M Oral Care) on all teeth and were evaluated after 1 month and 1 year. OHRQoL was assessed via questionnaires at baseline and after 1 year. Differences were evaluated (paired t-test). Two mechanical tooth-wear lesions resulting from tooth-tooth contact, and 3 chemical tooth wear lesions resulting from intrinsic or extrinsic acids dissolving natural hard tooth substance, were evaluated to assess the etiology of tooth wear in association with restoration failure using multilevel logistic regression analyses (p < 0.05). Results: Twenty-one patients (age: 41.7 ± 10.4 years) were evaluated after 1 year (13.5 ± 1.2 months). 568 indirect CAD/CAM restorations were placed. None were replaced or lost. Twelve were repaired and 10 were refurbished. Success rates were 100% to 97.2%. Questionnaires showed a significant positive impact of the treatment on OHRQoL (p < 0.001). The presence of mechanical lesions did not pose a higher risk for restoration failure (p = 0.78). The presence of chemical lesions showed a lower risk of restoration failure (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The use of minimally invasive, CAD/CAM nano-ceramic (composite) restorations in the restorative treatment of severely worn dentitions showed satisfactory results in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical performance of direct composite restorations using nanohybrid and nanofill composite materials in anterior teeth in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). Materials and Methods: The study included 15 patients with AI aged 14-30 years. During the study, the patients received anterior direct composite laminate veneer restorations using either a nanohybrid (Clearfil Majesty ES-2 and Clearfil Universal Bond, Kuraray Noritake) or a nanofill resin composite (Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative and Single Bond Universal Adhesive, 3M Oral Care). The restorations were evaluated according to the modified USPHS criteria at baseline and at 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year follow-up periods. Results: The cumulative success rate of anterior restorations was 80.5% for nanohybrid and 92.5% for nanofill composite after 4 years. Eight restorations with nanohybrid and three restorations with nanofill resin composites failed. Ten restorations failed due to fracture; the fracture rate was 12.3%. Statistically significant differences were found between nanohybrid and nanofill composites regarding marginal discoloration and surface texture after 3 years. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were observed with respect to color match after 4 years. Conclusion: The use of a nanohybrid or nanofill composite for anterior direct restorations in patients with AI was observed to be satisfactory, based on the rate of ideal and clinically acceptable restorations. The primary reason for restoration failure was fracture. The failure rate of nanohybrid composite restorations was higher than with nanofill composite restorations with respect to survival and marginal adaptation criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated the ability of two chewing simulation devices to emulate in vitro the clinical deterioration observed in anterior composite restorations in severe tooth-wear patients. Materials and Methods: Advanced tooth wear was simulated in bovine incisors, which were restored with palatal and buccal direct composite veneer restorations. The incisal edges of restorations were subjected to 960K cycles of either compressive loading (Biocycle-V2; 125 N at 2 Hz) or wear and mechanical loading (Rub&Roll; 30 N at 20 rpm). Surface degradation was rated using FDI scores to compare the chewing devices (Fisher's test, a = 0.05). Topography and deterioration of restorations was analyzed using SEM. The ability to emulate the deterioration was investigated by comparing the surface degradation observed in vitro with the clinical degradation observed in restorations placed in severe tooth-wear patients after 3.5 years. Results: Distinct degradation patterns were observed between the simulation devices: Biocycle-V2 generated deterioration that was not comparable to the clinical situation, including contact damage, minor wear, and localized roughening. The degradation caused by Rub&Roll was more similar to the in vivo situation, including wear facets, chipping, delamination, staining, and marginal ditching. The FDI scores were different between the chewing devices for surface/marginal staining, material/retention, and marginal adaptation (p = 0.003). SEM analysis showed microcracking at the interface between composite layers at the incisal edges. Conclusions: The Rub&Roll chewing device was able to emulate the clinical deterioration observed in anterior restorations in severe tooth-wear patients and thus may be used as an oral-cavity simulation method, contributing to translational research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To propose the development and validation of criteria for evaluating the clinical performance of indirect restorations, considering the variables related to the operator, material, and/or patient. Materials and Methods: The experimental design of this study was divided into three stages. Stage 1: development of the new criteria items by specialists in Prosthodontics. Step 2: creation of the criteria, named UERJ criteria, with the description of the parameters that indicate the quality of the restoration, the possible associated complications, and a detailed description of each classification. As well as the development of a form of variables. Step 3: validation of the UERJ criteria. Results: Cohen's Kappa statistic registered for both intra‐ and inter‐examiner agreements a coefficient >0.91 with a p‐value <0.0001. The validity of the UERJ criteria was evaluated by tests of sensitivity (0.96) and specificity (0.91) and had a satisfactory accuracy (92.7%), a positive (10.99), and negative (0.05) likelihood ratio and high values predictive variables, with positive (PPV) 0.84 (high specificity) and negative (VPN) 0.98 (high sensitivity), with a confidence interval of 95%. Conclusion: The UERJ criteria is a valid instrument for evaluating the clinical performance of indirect restorations. Clinical Significance: The UERJ criteria, developed exclusively for the analysis of indirect restorations, elucidates the details necessary to identify the causes of failures and complications of these restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries is the most common oral disease and the most common cause of resin restorations. In minimally invasive dentistry, the principle behind cavity preparation is to remove external caries-infected dentin (CID) and preserve internal caries-affected dentin (CAD) and sound dentin (SD). The cavity floor is mainly composed of CAD, but the poor bonding performance of CAD has become a widespread concern. This study evaluated the performance of a new collagen-reactive monomer (ITCM) used as a primer to improve the bonding performance of CAD. The experimental specimens were grouped as follows: SD, CAD, and ITCM-pretreated CAD (CAD-ITCM). Dentin slices were obtained for attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis. The bonded samples were subjected to microtensile bond strength analysis after 24 h of water storage or aging by thermocycling, and the bonding interface quality was evaluated by nanoleakage assessment, interfacial nanoindentation testing, and in situ zymography. Cytotoxicity experiments with ITCM were performed. ATR-FTIR showed that the isocyanate groups in ITCM can covalently bind and form hydrogen bonds with the collagen in CAD to mediate chemical bonding. ITCM pretreatment significantly improved the bond strength of CAD (P < 0.05), reduced interfacial nanoleakage, improved the sealing of the bonding interface, enhanced the homogeneity of the hybrid layer, and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase activity. In addition, ITCM presented acceptable biocompatibility for dental restorative application. Taken together, this study reported the application of ITCM to induce collagen-based chemical bonding in the CAD bonding system, which fills the gap in strategies to improve the bonding performance of CAD immediately and after aging and has important clinical application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The esthetic outcome of temporary prostheses, especially those in the anterior area, is of primary importance. The purpose of this in vitro study was therefore to evaluate the color stability of 3 temporary restorative materials: self-curing (SC) acrylic resin (Tempron); heat-curing acrylic resin (SR Ivocron); and polymethyl methacrylate resin blocks (Telio CAD) machined using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. The heat-curing material was polymerized with either a pressure-curing technique (PT) or a flasking technique (FT). As a result, there were 4 experimental groups: SC, PT, FT, and CAD/CAM. Sixteen specimens were prepared for each group. After polymerization or milling, all specimens were polished using a diamond polishing paste, and 1 specimen from each group was exposed to Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy before immersion. The specimens were exposed to pigmented beverage agents (coffee, cola, turmeric solution, or tea), and the color change was monitored for 4 weeks using FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as by macroscopic observation of the specimens (n = 4 per group per immersion period). The PT specimens showed the most significant color change, followed by the SC specimens. A less significant color variation was noted in the FT specimens, and insignificant change was reported in the CAD/CAM group. The solution that had the most significant staining effect was turmeric, and the CAD/CAM resin showed the greatest color stability of the tested materials. Color stability depends on the material used, the polymerization technique, the poiishing steps, the pigmentation agent, and the duration of exposure to the agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prevention and treatment services use is closely associated with socioeconomic factors, such as income. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between implementing the sealant program and resin fillings restoration and to explore the role of income and frequency of dental visits in this relationship. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the cohort database from the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service. The study population comprised 494,731 children born in 2007. A logistic regression model for the experience of resin fillings and a linear regression model for weighted utilization of them were used to identify the independent effects of dental sealants, income, and frequency of dental visits. All analyses were conducted using the SAS Enterprise Guide version 7.1 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: The ratio based on income level was almost proportional in all groups except the medical aid group, which had a rate as high as that of the wealthier group. Children without sealants were 1.05 times more likely to have resin fillings than others after adjusting for income level and frequency of visiting dental clinics in the final model. However, an opposite relationship between sealant experiences and resin fillings was observed in the previous model without dental visits. The gap in the weighted resin filling scores according to socioeconomic variables showed a similar tendency. Conclusions: Income and frequency of dental visits might be confounding factors for the relationship between dental sealant and resin fillings. It is necessary to consider the complex relationship between socioeconomic indicators and service use while studying oral health inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proper proximal contact in direct composite restorations is crucial for periodontal health. Over a one-year period, this study was conducted to assess successive biological changes in proximal contact tightness PCT in class II direct composite restorations and the adjacent teeth by applying sectional matrix system along with different contact forming instruments. Methods: 72 direct compound class II composite restorations were performed in patients aged 18–40 years and divided into 4 groups: Group I (n = 18): proximal contact was restored with Palodent plus sectional matrix system, Group II (n = 18): Trimax as contact forming instrument, Group III (n = 18): Perform as contact forming instrument and Group IV (n = 18): Contact pro as contact forming instrument. All contact forming instruments were used along with Palodent plus matrix system. PCT was measured using a digital force gauge before (T0), immediate post operative (T1) and at 3 (T2), 6 (T3), 9 (T4), and 12 months (T5) after restorative treatment. Using One-Way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and Bonferroni correction, PCT values were compared between groups before and after the intervention restoration. Meanwhile, for comparisons within groups, a paired t-test was conducted (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Contact forming instruments combined with Palodent plus sectional matrix system achieved better PCT. Trimax led to a statistically considerable tighter proximal contacts than the other groups (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in PCT between Contact pro-2, Perform and Palodent plus sectional matrix system. By means of multivariate analysis, the PCT between both T0 and T1 were increased (p < 0.001) and then it decreased till T5. Conclusions: The use of transparent contact forming instruments achieved greater PCT compared to Palodent sectional matrix system alone that gradually decreased throughout 12 months and reached the PCT between the natural teeth. Using Trimax system provided the tightest proximal contacts. Additionally, digital force gauge was confirmed as an inclusive and accurate method to quantify PCT. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05749640: 24/5/2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the influence of a glutaraldehyde-based desensitizer (GL) on postoperative sensitivity (POS) in posterior bulk-fill resin composite restorations using an adhesive applied in the self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) strategies; and to assess the clinical performance of the restorations. Posterior resin composite restorations (n = 228) at least 3 mm deep were inserted in 57 subjects using a split-mouth design. The adhesive was applied with/without prior application of a GL. A resin composite was used for all restorations. Spontaneous POS (risk and intensity), as well as POS caused by stimulation with an air blast and assess the response to horizontal and vertical percussion was assessed using two scales in the baseline and after 7, 14, and 30 days. In addition, some parameters were evaluated using FDI criteria up to 24 months of clinical service. No significant POS was observed (p > 0.05). A higher absolute risk and intensity of spontaneous POS was observed within 7 days (35.1%), without statistically significant differences among groups. At 24 months 5 restorations were considered clinically unsatisfactory, and 73 restorations showed minor discrepancies in adaptation, with no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). A GL agent does not influence POS in posterior restorations with bulk-fill resin composite. It may be considered a dispensable clinical step in the restorative protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: Overlay restorations can be used clinically as a treatment option to preserve natural dentine. However, whether the residual enamel thickness and overlay thickness affect the adhesion between the restoration and tooth is still unknown. This study was to investigate effects of the overlay thickness and residual enamel thickness on bonding strength. Overlays of different thicknesses were prepared with natural teeth which had 2, 4, and 6 mm of occlusal reduction (n = 10). Specimens were subjected to 10,000 cycles in water at 5–55 °C, and finally compressive strength tests were used to evaluate the bonding strength. All groups showed good bond strength (P > 0.05). The overlay restorations of different thicknesses reduced the preparation amount by 30.3%–7.2% and significantly preserved more of the tooth structure (P < 0.005). Compared to the control group, the overlay restoration increased the marginal fitness by about 0.67–0.88 times. The thermal cycling indicated that the decrease in the maximum bearing stress was due to the aging of the ceramic itself. Therefore, the thickness of the overlay had a greater influence on the compressive strength than the bond strength. Based on the above this study recommends an overlay thickness of at least 2 mm in clinical practice. The aging test confirmed that adhesion between the overlay and teeth was quite firm and stable. This shows that a stable adhesive effect of the overlay can be used as a treatment option for preserving a greater amount of a tooth's structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Computerized Dentistry is the property of Quintessence Publishing Company Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Composite materials used in dental restorations are considered resistant, long-lasting and aesthetic. As the wear of restorations is an important element in long-term use, the aim of this study was to evaluate the surface condition of nanohybrid and microfilled composite resins, after being subjected to the erosive action of dental bleaching protocols. This paper reflects a comparative study between one nanofilled composite and three microfilled composites used in restorations. For each composite, three sets of samples (under the form of composite discs) were created: a control group, an "office bleach" group with discs bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel, and a "home bleach" group with discs bleached with 16% carbamide peroxide gel. Wear was numerically determined as the trace and the coefficients of friction obtained using a tribometer, the ball-on-disk test method, and two balls: alumina and sapphire. For all composite groups, there were statistically significant differences between the wear corresponding to the control and bleaching groups, for both testing balls. Regarding the composite type, the largest traces were recorded for GC Gradia direct anterior, for all groups, using the alumina ball. In contrast, for the sapphire ball, 3M ESPE Filtek Z550 was characterized by the largest traces. With respect to the friction coefficients, the "office bleach" group recorded the largest values, no matter the composite or the ball type used. The 3M ESPE Valux Plus composite recorded the largest friction coefficients for the alumina ball, and 3M ESPE Filtek Z550 for the sapphire ball. Overall, the "office bleach" group was characterized by higher composite wear, compared to the "home bleach" protocol or control group. Nanofilled composite resins showed superior wear resistance to microfilled resins after undergoing a bleaching protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of problem: Permanent crown materials produced with new generation additive manufacturing and traditional subtractive manufacturing materials have not been compared in terms of wear resistance. Purpose: This study aims to compare the volumetric loss related to wear and resulting surface roughness after aging in a chewing simulator between resin nano ceramics produced with milling technique and permanent crown materials produced with three dimensional (3D) printing. Materials and methods: Three different hybrid composite-ceramic (HCC) (The three materials are GC: Cerasmart, VE: Vita Enamic, and GV: Grandio Voco.) and one 3D printed definitive crown resin (FormLabs Permanent Crown Resin) were investigated before aging (n:8), the surface roughness of all samples was measured with a profilometer, and 1 randomly selected sample from each subgroup was imaged with scanning electron microscope (SEM). 3D scans of each sample were obtained with a desktop scanner. Thermomechanical aging was performed using a chewing simulator. Four hundred thousand cycles were completed under a vertical occlusal force of 49 ± 0.7 N with a thermal cycle of 1.7 Hz 5–55° and with a dwell time of 120 s, mimicking 2 years of aging. The imaging procedures were repeated, and the change in surface roughness was evaluated. 3D images were also overlapped, and the volumetric loss was calculated with the relevant inspector software. The data obtained were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (p 0.05). The highest volumetric loss was found in the GV group while the lowest volumetric loss was in the VE group. The highest surface roughness values were observed in the GV group, while the lowest values belonged to the VE one. Conclusion: Of the restorative materials evaluated, the VE group is suitable for long-term restorations, whereas the GV one is suitable for medium-term restorations. It is promising in terms of 3D printing technologies that the 3D material gives comparable results with the GV group. Clinical i̇mplication: Additive manufacturing techniques are a successful method that accelerates the manufacturing process. Permanent crown resins are promising alternatives to conventional production.

Objective: To evaluate composite class II restoration proximal contacts and contours by comparing saddle-contoured metal matrix and pre-contoured self-adhesive matrix system. Method: The randomised controlled trial (NCT05414656) was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from May to October 2022, and comprises the patients having supra-gingival class II cavities. They were randomised into class II restoration with saddle-contoured matrix band group A, and restoration with pre-contoured self-adhesive matrix group B. The tightness of proximal contacts was evaluated using the Fédération Dentaire Internationale criteria and the quality of proximal contours was assessed using clinical and radiographic examination. Data was analysed using SPSS 16. Results: Of the 60 subjects, 42(70%) were females and 18(30%) were males. The overall mean age was 38.03±15.33 years. There were 30(50%) subjects in each of the 2 groups. The highest restoration was needed in the upper premolar 20(33.3%). The tightness of proximal contact was not significantly different between the groups (p=0.94). Clinical examination for production of good contours was higher in group A compared to group B, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between saddle-contoured metal matrix and pre-contoured self-adhesive matrix for composite class II restoration proximal contacts and contours. Clinical Trial Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov RCT (NCT05414656) Key Words: Dental restoration, Composite resin, Dental caries, Matrix bands.

Objective: Although oxidative mouthwashes have many antimicrobial benefits, it has been suggested that residual oxygen interferes with composite resin adhesion to dental structures. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an oxidative mouthwash on the microleakage of composite restorations.Methods: Twenty-four extracted human third molars were randomly assigned into three groups: Group 1: a 0.05% sodium fluoride mouthwash, Group 2: an oxidative mouthwash, and Group 3: distilled water. The teeth were immersed in the corresponding solution for 10 minutes a day over 14 days. Class V cavities were prepared in the buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth (n=15 per group) and restored with Filtek Z250 composite. The teeth were thermocycled between 5º C and 55º C for 1000 cycles, then immersed in 2% fuchsin solution for 24 hours, followed by sectioning in the bucco-lingual direction. The gingival and occlusal microleakage were inspected using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The statistical significance level was considered at P 0.05.Results: The highest and lowest average microleakage scores were observed at the gingival and occlusal margin of cavities immersed in the sodium fluoride mouthwash, respectively. No statistical differences were observed in microleakage among the three groups either at the occlusal or at the gingival margin (P>0.05). The Mann-Whitney U test showed a statistically greater microleakage at the cervical (1.05±1.1) compared to the occlusal (0.694±0.53) margins, irrespective of the treatment groups (P=0.033).Conclusions: Using an oxidative mouthwash does not affect the microleakage of composite restorations