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1,328 results on '"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences"'

1. Compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) applied to grapevines grown in subtropical climate region

Author: Edicarla Trentin, Eduardo Maciel Haitzmann dos Santos, Lucas Dotto, Elena Baldi, Betania Vahl de Paula, Lincon Oliveira Stefanello da Silva, Filipe Nunes de Nunes de Oliveira, Gustavo Brunetto, Carina Marchezan, Adriele Tassinari, Moreno Toselli, George Wellington Bastos de Melo, Danilo Eduardo Rozane, William Natale, DANILO EDUARDO ROZANE, Agronomy Department, São Paulo State University, Campus of Registro, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430—Vila Tupy, Registro, SP 11900-000, Brazil, ELENA BALDI, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy, MORENO TOSELLI, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy, GUSTAVO BRUNETTO, Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av.Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil., BETANIA VAHL DE PAULA, Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av.Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil, GEORGE WELLINGTON BASTOS DE MELO, CNPUV, EDUARDO MACIEL HAITZMANN DOS SANTOS, Agronomy Department, São Paulo State University, Campus of Registro, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430—Vila Tupy, Registro, SP 11900-000, Brazil, EDICARLA TRENTIN, Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av.Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil, CARINA MARCHEZAN, Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av.Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil, LINCON OLIVEIRA STEFANELLO DA SILVA, Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av.Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil, ADRIELE TASSINARI, Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av.Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil, LUCAS DOTTO, Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av.Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil, FILIPE NUNES DE OLIVEIRA, Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av.Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil, WILLIAM NATALE, Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, Fortaleza, CE s/n - Pici - 60455-760, Brazil, Rozane D.E., de Paula B.V., George Wellington Bastos de Melo, Dos Santos E.M.H., Trentin E., Marchezan C., da Silva L.O.S., Tassinari A., Dotto L., de Oliveira F.N., Natale W., Baldi E., Toselli M., Brunetto G., Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Univ Fed Ceara, and Univ Bologna
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, nutritional balance, Yield, leaf diagnostic, Soil test, Vitis viniferaL, Mineral nutrition, Humid subtropical climate, Plant Science, Horticulture, lcsh:Plant culture, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Nutrient, Yield (wine), Vitis vinifera L., mineral nutrition, lcsh:SB1-1110, Vitis vinifera, mineral nutrition, food and beverages, Nutritional status, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vitis vinifera L, yield, Critical level, Agronomy, Vitis Vinifera, Leaf diagnostic, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Nutritional balance, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Soil analysis is used to estimate nutrient availability, but nutrient concentrations are not always related to yield in most fruit plants, including grapevines. Thus, additional multivariate mathematical models, such as the compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND), which takes into account leaves nutrient concentration, and yield, can contribute to estimating critical levels or sufficiency bands of elements, as well as to detect deficiency and/or excess of nutrients. The aim of the present study was to establish CND standards, and the critical level and sufficiency band of nutrients, in the grapevine Vitis vinifera L., grown in a subtropical climate region. Leaves were collected in 81 vineyards in the Campanha Ga&uacute, cha do Rio Grande do Sul region, Southern Brazil, and analyzed for macro- and micro-nutrient concentration. The yield of each vineyard was assessed. Grapevine nutritional status was calculated through the CND method. CND-r2 indices were effective in establishing the nutritional status of grapevines for macro- and micro-nutrients as sub-optimal, excessive, or balanced. The CND methodology established the critical level and sufficiency bands of nutrients more accurately than the current recommendations for grapevines. Multi-nutrient associations were more effective than the single nutrient determination in defining the threshold of a given nutrient that can reduce grapevine yield.
Published: 2020

2. Late weaning is associated with increased microbial diversity and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance in the fecal microbiota of piglets

Author: Massacci, Francesca Romana, Berri, Mustapha, Lemonnier, Gaetan, Guettier, Elodie, Blanc, Fany, Jardet, Deborah, Rossignol, Marie Noelle, Mercat, Marie-José, Doré, Joël, Lepage, Patricia, Rogel-Gaillard, Claire, Estellé, Jordi, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche ‘Togo Rosati’, Partenaires INRAE, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Institut du Porc (IFIP), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MetaGenoPolis (MGP (US 1367)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), FR Massacci received a PhD grant from the Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna (Italy), ANR-14-CE18-0004,PIGLETBIOTA,PIGLETBIOTA : une étude de biologie intégrative de l'influence du microbiote intestinal sur la robustesse des porcelets au sevrage, dans la perspective de la réduction de l'usage des antibiotiques dans les élevages.(2014), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: Diversity, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, Piglet, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:QR1-502, Weaning, Gut microbiota, lcsh:Microbiology, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Age, F. Prausnitzii, fluids and secretions, lcsh:SF600-1100, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Background: In pig production systems, weaning is a crucial period characterized by nutritional, environmental, and social stresses. Piglets transition from a milk-based diet to a solid, more complex plant-based diet, and their gut physiology must adapt accordingly. It is well established that piglets weaned later display improved health, better wean-to-finish growth performance, and lower mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of weaning age on fecal microbiota diversity and composition in piglets. Forty-eight Large White piglets were divided into 4 groups of 12 animals that were weaned at different ages: 14 days (early weaning), 21 days (a common weaning age in intensive pig farming), 28 days (idem), and 42 days (late weaning). Microbiota composition was assessed in each group by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene using fecal samples taken on the day of weaning, 7 days later, and at 60 days of age. Results: In each group, there were significant differences in fecal microbiota composition before and after weaning (p < 0.05), confirming that weaning can drastically change the gut microbiota. Microbiota diversity was positively correlated with weaning ag e: microbial alpha diversity and richness were higher in piglets weaned at 42 days of age both on the day of weaning and 7 days later. The abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was also higher in piglets weaned at 42 days of age. Conclusions: Overall, these results show that late weaning increased gut microbiota diversity and the abundance of F. prausnitzii, a microorganism with positive effects in humans. Piglets might thus derive a competitive advantage from later weaning because they have more time to accumulate a higher diversity of potentially beneficial microbes prior to the stressful and risky weaning period.
Published: 2019
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3. Essential Oil Chemical Composition of Rosa corymbifera Borkh., Rosa phoenicia Boiss. and Rosa damascena Mill. from Lebanon

Author: Carmen Sadaka, Raviella Zgheib, Naim Ouaini, Marc El Beyrouthy, Wafaa Najm, Samar Azzi-Achkouty, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École supérieure d'ingénieurs d'agronomie méditerranéenne - USJ (ESIAM), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Faculty of Science, Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, and Holy-Spirit University of Kaslik [Jounieh]
Subjects: GC, sition, phoenicia, 010405 organic chemistry, corymbifera, Organic Chemistry, chemical compo, MS, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, essential oil, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Rosa × damascena, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Horticulture, law, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Chemical composition, Essential oil, damascena
Abstract: International audience; Essential oils of three Lebanese Rose species (Rosa corymbifera Borkh., Rosa Phoenicia Boiss. and Rosa damascena Mill.) were investigated, to assess their bioactive components after hydrodistillation, using a Clevenger-type apparatus. A GC/MS analysis of the oil content of Rose species led to the identification of 22, 46 and 30 components in each of R. damascena, R. corymbifera and R. Phoenicia, respectively, representing 83.4 %, 72.9 % and 84.7 % of the total EO of the corresponding Rose species. The EOs chemical profile analysis showed that the main components of R. corymbifera (heptacosane (14.8 %), tricosane (10.6 %), pentacosane (8.6 %), nonacosane (8.6 %) and heneicosane (5.6 %)) and of R. Phoenicia (heptacosane (17.1 %), tricosane (12 .9 %), heneicosane (12.3 %), docosane (12.1 %) and cycloeicosane (7.6 %)) were hydrocarbons. While hydro- carbons were also identified in R. damascena (nonadecane (12.4 %) and heneicosane (8.1 %)), they were not its most abundant constituents. The major component of R. damascena was phenethyl alcohol (28.5 %), a benzenoid compound, also identified in R. phoenicia (5.1 %). Moreover, an oxygenated terpene (beta-citronellol (13.2 %)) was also identified in R. damascena. Since R. damascena is largely cultivated in Lebanon, a comparative study of R. damascena EO was performed on a group of samples collected from different locations (ours and data previously published), to identify the presence of any chemical polymorphism according to the geographical location. GC/ MS analysis together with principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted six different chemotypes for R. damascena EO: citronellol, geraniol, nerol, nonadecane, phenyl ethyl alcohol and heneicosane. This chemical variability suggests the involvement of abiotic and biotic factors that need to be further investigated.
Published: 2020
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4. Untargeted metabolomic analyses reveal the diversity and plasticity of the specialized metabolome in seeds of different Camelina sativa genotypes

Author: A. Monti, François Perreau, Etienne Delannoy, F. Zanetti, Massimiliano Corso, Loïc Lepiniec, Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette, S. Boutet, Grégory Mouille, L. Barreda, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA Paris-Saclay), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, 'Departement de Biologie et Amelioration des Plantes' (BAP) of INRAE (grant 'Appel a projets scientifiques BAP 2020'), IJPB's Plant Observatory technological platforms, IPS2's metabolomic platform, ANR-10-LABX-0040,SPS,Saclay Plant Sciences(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0007,SPS-GSR,Ecole Universitaire de Recherche de Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay(2017), Boutet, Stéphanie, Barreda, Léa, Perreau, Françoi, Totozafy, Jean‐Chrisologue, Mauve, Caroline, Gakière, Bertrand, Delannoy, Etienne, Martin‐Magniette, Marie‐Laure, Monti, Andrea, Lepiniec, Loïc, Zanetti, Federica, and Corso, Massimiliano
Subjects: Genotype, metabolic signature, Camelina sativa, Growing season, Plant Science, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Crop, Flavonols, Metabolomics, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], rassicaceae,Camelina sativa, metabolic signature, metabolite decorations, environmentalchanges, molecular networks, untargeted metabolomic, lipidomics, metabolite decorations, Genetics, Metabolome, molecular networks, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cultivar, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, food and beverages, [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Camelina, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, chemistry, Agronomy, environmental changes, Seeds, Brassicaceae, untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics
Abstract: SummaryDespite the essential role of Specialized Metabolites (SMs) in the interaction of plants with the environment, studying the ability of crop seeds to produce these protective compounds has been neglected. Furthermore, seeds produce a myriad of SMs providing an interesting model to investigate their diversity and plasticity. Camelina sativa gained a lot of interest in the past few years as rustic oil seed crop. A characterization of seed SM landscapes in six camelina genotypes grown in the field and harvested during five growing seasons has been undertaken in this work. This allowed a comprehensive annotation of seed SMs combining analyses that cluster SMs based on their chemical structures and co-accumulation patterns. These data showed broad effects of the environment on the stimulation of the seed-specialized metabolome. Among well annotated compounds, flavonols were identified as the metabolic class characterised by high plasticity, revealing significant variable accumulation according to the year and/or the genotype. Lastly, a deeper characterisation of primary metabolites and lipids in two selected genotypes has been performed. We showed that, in addition to flavonols, alkaloids and glucosinolates displayed a higher phenotypic plasticity with respect to most of the primary metabolites, including some sugars and major storage compounds such as fatty acids, proteins and most lipid classes (e.g. DAG, TAG), but similar plasticity compared to free aminoacids and carboxylic acids. This work highlighted major and unexplored effects of the environment on the seed specialized metabolome demonstrating that seeds exhibit a dynamic and plastic metabolism, with an impact on seed quality.Significance statementSeeds produce a myriad of Specialized Metabolites (SMs) with an essential role in the interaction of plants with the environment. We characterized SM landscapes, primary metabolites and lipid composition in the seeds of camelina genotypes grown in the open field in five consecutive growing seasons. Our results showed the predominant effect of the environment on the regulation of the seed - specialized metabolome, with a potential impact on seed quality of camelina that may also occur in other oilseed crops.
Published: 2022
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5. Prime d'agglomération et formation de groupes endogènes

Author: Bareille, François, Zavalloni, Matteo, Viaggi, Davide, Paris-Saclay Applied Economics (UMR PSAE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, European Project: 770747,Lift, European Project: 817949,CONSOLE, Bareille F., Zavalloni M., Viaggi D., and Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, agri-environmental policy, biodiversity conservation, collective incentives, environmental subsidies, green clubs, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H23 - Externalities • Redistributive Effects • Environmental Taxes and Subsidies, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q2.Q24 - Land, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services • Biodiversity Conservation • Bioeconomics • Industrial Ecology, Collective incentive, environmental subsidie, Green club
Abstract: International audience; Agglomeration bonus schemes are envisioned to incentivize the connectivity of habitat conservation across landowners. Assuming full cooperation among landowners at the landscape scale, the bulk of the literature theoretically finds that agglomeration bonus schemes are more cost effective in achieving biodiversity conservation than spatially homogenous payments. However, it may be rational for landowners not to cooperate all together but, rather, to cooperate within smaller groups. Here, we analyze the cost effectiveness of agglomeration bonus schemes when such partial cooperation is allowed, that is, when cooperation is endogenously chosen. We introduce a spatially explicit ecological-economic model within a coalition formation game to assess how landowners form stable coalition structures and how this affects biodiversity conservation under a wide range of (i) degrees of spatial cost autocorrelation, (ii) bonuses and flat-rate payments, (iii) species dispersal rates, and (iv) coordination costs. We find that agglomeration bonus schemes are more cost effective than homogenous payments only for low public expenditures. This condition is not identified if full cooperation is assumed. We find, however, that full cooperation never emerges and hence that such an assumption leads to an overestimation of the cost effectiveness of agglomeration bonus schemes. Moreover, we find that the cost effectiveness of agglomeration bonus schemes increases when the spatial cost autocorrelation and species dispersal rate decrease. Finally, coordination costs do not affect the cost effectiveness of the agglomeration bonus scheme but they have implications for its design because of their impact on coalition formation.; Les systèmes de primes d'agglomération sont conçus pour encourager la connectivité de la conservation des habitats entre les propriétaires fonciers. Dans l'hypothèse d'une coopération totale entre les propriétaires fonciers à l'échelle du paysage, l'essentiel de la littérature montre théoriquement que les systèmes de primes d'agglomération sont plus rentables pour la conservation de la biodiversité que les paiements spatialement homogènes. Cependant, il peut être rationnel pour les propriétaires fonciers de ne pas coopérer tous ensemble, mais plutôt de coopérer au sein de groupes plus petits. Nous analysons ici la rentabilité des systèmes de primes d'agglomération lorsqu'une telle coopération partielle est autorisée, c'est-à-dire lorsque la coopération est choisie de manière endogène. Nous introduisons un modèle éco-économique spatialement explicite dans un jeu de formation de coalition pour évaluer comment les propriétaires terriens forment des structures de coalition stables et comment cela affecte la conservation de la biodiversité sous une large gamme de (i) degrés d'autocorrélation spatiale des coûts, (ii) primes et paiements forfaitaires, (iii) taux de dispersion des espèces, et (iv) coûts de coordination. Nous constatons que les systèmes de primes d'agglomération sont plus rentables que les paiements homogènes uniquement lorsque les dépenses publiques sont faibles. Cette condition n'est pas identifiée si l'on suppose une coopération totale. Nous constatons cependant qu'une coopération totale n'apparaît jamais et qu'une telle hypothèse conduit à une surestimation de la rentabilité des systèmes de primes d'agglomération. En outre, nous constatons que la rentabilité des systèmes de primes d'agglomération augmente lorsque l'autocorrélation des coûts spatiaux et le taux de dispersion des espèces diminuent. Enfin, les coûts de coordination n'affectent pas le rapport coût-efficacité du système de primes d'agglomération, mais ils ont des implications pour sa conception en raison de leur impact sur la formation de coalitions.
Published: 2022
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6. Gestion coopérative des services écosystémiques : formation de coalitions, structure du paysage et politiques

Author: Meri Raggi, Davide Viaggi, François Bareille, Matteo Zavalloni, Bareille F., Zavalloni M., Raggi M., Viaggi D., Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Financement de l'Open Access par l'Alma Mater Studiorum - Université de Bologne sur le contrat CRUI-CARE., ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), European Project: 770747,Lift, and University of Bologna/Università di Bologna
Subjects: Pollinator, Economics and Econometrics, Natural resource economics, media_common.quotation_subject, Yield (finance), Price premium, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Spatially explicit spillovers, Ecosystem services, 0502 economics and business, Collective incentive, 050207 economics, Spatial analysis, Agri-environmental policy, media_common, Incitation collective, 2. Zero hunger, Pollinators, 05 social sciences, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Public good, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Payment, Externalitie, Collective incentives, Scale (social sciences), Externalities, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Business, Externality
Abstract: International audience; A growing body of literature shows that full-cooperation among farmers to manage productive ecosystem services would yield gains with respect to uncoordinated approaches. The public good feature of these ecosystem services may, however, hinder the emergence of a cooperative solution at the landscape scale. In this paper, we introduce in a coalition formation game a spatially-explicit bioeconomic model of fruit pollination, where pollinaton depends on the distance to the choosen location of natural habitats. We analyse: (i) which coalitions are stable; (ii) what benefits they provide; (iii) how cooperation depends on the initial landscape structure; and (iv) how policy instruments affect cooperation. The theoretical model presents the rationality of cooperation but, due to the detailed heterogeneity and complex spatial interactions among farms, we use a numerical example to determine the stable coalitions. We find that only small coalitions are stable and that the benefits of cooperation decrease when the spatial autocorrelation of fruit tree covers increase. Policy instruments can increase the interest for cooperation but per-hectare payments and minimum participation rules may reduce the habitat area at the margin (by decreasing the stability of coalitions). Price premium for the coalition members increase the habitat area but its budget-effectiveness decreases as the spatial autocorrelation of fruit tree covers increase.; Une partie de plus plus importante de la littérature montre qu'une coopération totale entre les agriculteurs pour gérer les services écosystémiques productifs permettrait de réaliser des gains par rapport à des approches non coordonnées. La caractéristique de bien public de ces services écosystémiques peut toutefois entraver l'émergence d'une solution coopérative à l'échelle du paysage. Dans cet article, nous introduisons dans un jeu de formation de coalition un modèle bioéconomique spatialement explicite de la pollinisation des fruits, où la pollinisation dépend de la distance à l'emplacement choisi des habitats naturels. Nous analysons : (i) quelles coalitions sont stables ; (ii) quels avantages elles procurent ; (iii) comment la coopération dépend de la structure initiale du paysage ; et (iv) comment les instruments politiques affectent la coopération. Le modèle théorique présente la rationalité de la coopération mais, en raison de l'hétérogénéité détaillée et des interactions spatiales complexes entre les exploitations, nous utilisons un exemple numérique pour déterminer les coalitions stables. Nous constatons que seules les petites coalitions sont stables et que les avantages de la coopération diminuent lorsque l'autocorrélation spatiale des couvertures d'arbres fruitiers augmente. Les instruments politiques peuvent augmenter l'intérêt pour la coopération, mais les paiements à l'hectare et les règles de participation minimale peuvent réduire la zone d'habitat à la marge (en diminuant la stabilité des coalitions). La prime de prix pour les membres de la coalition augmente la superficie de l'habitat mais son efficacité budgétaire diminue lorsque l'autocorrélation spatiale des couvertures d'arbres fruitiers augmente.
Published: 2021
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7. The fecal microbiota of piglets during weaning transition and its association with piglet growth across various farm environments

Author: LUISE, Diana, LE SCIELLOUR, Mathilde, BUCHET, Arnaud, RESMOND, Rémi, CLEMENT, Charlène, ROSSIGNOL, Marie-Noelle, JARDET, Deborah, ZEMB, Olivier, BELLOC, Catherine, MERLOT, Elodie, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Cooperl Innovation, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This experiment was supported by: - the Integrated Management of Animal Health program of INRAE (GISA-SEVROBUST project) - a grant from the Region Pays de la Loire (Sant’Innov project)- a COST Action FA1401- Cooperl Arc Atlantique, Luise D., Le Sciellour M., Buchet A., Resmond R., Clement C., Rossignol M.-N., Jardet D., Zemb O., Belloc C., and Merlot E.
Subjects: Male, pig, Aging, Bacteroidaceae, Physiology, Swine, animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Prevotella, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Feces, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Ruminococcus, Medicine and Health Sciences, Mammals, Eukaryota, Genomics, Farm, Bacterial Pathogens, Physiological Parameters, Lactobacillaceae, Medical Microbiology, Vertebrates, Medicine, Pathogens, Research Article, 16S, Farms, Science, Microbial Genomics, Weaning, Microbiology, 16S rDNA, Genetics, microbiota, Animals, Microbial Pathogens, Nutrition, Clostridium, Bacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gut Bacteria, Body Weight, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Feed, Diet, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Amniotes, Fece, Microbiome, Zoology
Abstract: International audience; This study describes the fecal microbiota from piglets reared in different living environments during the weaning transition, and presents the characteristics of microbiota associated with good growth of piglets after weaning. Fecal samples were collected pre- (d26) and post-weaning (d35) from 288 male piglets in 16 conventional indoor commercial farms located in the West of France. The changes one week after weaning on the most abundant microbial families was roughly the same in all farms: alpha diversity increased, the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae (-61%), Christensenellaceae (-35%), Enterobacteriaceae (-42%), and Clostridiaceae (-32%) decreased, while the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae (+143%) and Lachnospiraceae (+21%) increased. Among all the collected samples, four enterotypes that were ubiquitous in all farms were identified. They could be discriminated by their respective relative abundances of Prevotella , Faecalibacterium , Roseburia , and Lachnospira , and likely corresponded to a gradual maturational shift from pre- to post-weaning microbiota. The rearing environment influenced the frequency of enterotypes, as well as the relative abundance of 6 families at d26 (including Christensenellaceae and Lactobacillaceae ), and of 21 families at d35. In all farms, piglets showing the highest relative growth rate during the first three weeks after weaning, which were characterized as more robust, had a higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes , a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria , and showed a greater increase in Prevotella , Coprococcus , and Lachnospira in the post-weaning period. This study revealed the presence of ubiquitous enterotypes among the farms of this study, reflecting maturational stages of microbiota from a young suckling to an older cereal- ating profile. Despite significant variation in the microbial profile between farms, piglets whose growth after weaning was less disrupted were, those who had reached the more mature phenotype characterized by Prevotella the fastest.
Published: 2021
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8. Transport to the Slaughterhouse Affects the Salmonella Shedding and Modifies the Fecal Microbiota of Finishing Pigs

Author: Giovanni Pezzotti, Roberta Ortenzi, Chiara Francesca Magistrali, Lucilla Cucco, Marta Paniccià, Silvia Tofani, Alessandra Morelli, Jordi Estellé, Francesca Romana Massacci, Adrien Castinel, Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique ( GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Italian Ministry of Health (Progetto di Ricerca Corrente IZSUM RC006/2015), INRAE. FR Massacci received a PhD grant from the Department of Agricultural, Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna (Italy), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche ‘Togo Rosati’, Partenaires INRAE, University of Bologna, Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Ministry of Health, Italy IZSUM RC 006/2015, INRAE, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL) at the University of Bologna (Italy), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, Salmonella, Salmonella infection, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, intestinal composition, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, fluids and secretions, Most probable number, lcsh:Zoology, medicine, lcsh:QL1-991, Feces, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, 030306 microbiology, swine, Contamination, medicine.disease, 16S ribosomal RNA, infection, Fecal coliform, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Herd, lcsh:SF600-1100, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: Simple Summary Salmonella is one of the most important pathogens responsible for food poisoning in humans and pork is recognized as one of the major sources for human salmonellosis. Pigs can become infected with Salmonella on the farm or in the very last phases of the production chain that include transport, lairage, and slaughter. The transport of animals from the farm to the slaughterhouse plays an important role in the transmission of this pathogen from pigs to pigs. The aim of our study was to investigate if the transport from the farm to the slaughterhouse increases the load of Salmonella in feces and to determine a modification of the fecal microbiota in pigs. Our study showed that the load of Salmonella increases after transport, confirming that this phase of the production is a critical point for the control of Salmonella contamination. The fecal microbiota composition was modified in Salmonella-positive animals after transport, in accordance with what is already published in scientific literature. In this stage, a natural Salmonella infection causes a severe modification of the fecal microbiota which is similar to the one observed in studies carried out in experimental facilities. Abstract Contaminated pork is a significant source of foodborne Salmonellosis. Pork is contaminated at the slaughterhouse and the intestinal content is the predominant source of Salmonella for carcass contamination. The prevalence of Salmonella-positive pigs increases significantly when the time of transport to the slaughterhouse is longer than two hours. The hypothesis behind this study is that transport to the slaughterhouse increases the load of Salmonella in feces and determines a shift of the fecal microbiota in finishing pigs. Fecal samples were collected in a pig herd positive for Salmonella spp., the day before the transport and at the slaughterhouse. Salmonella loads were estimated by the most probable number (MPN) technique, according to the ISO/TS 6579-2:2012/A1. Moreover, the fecal bacteria composition was assessed by sequencing the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Our study showed that the load of Salmonella increases after transport, confirming that this phase of the production chain is a critical point for the control of Salmonella contamination. A lower richness and an increased beta-diversity characterized the fecal microbiota composition of Salmonella-positive animals after transport. In this stage, a natural Salmonella infection causes a disruption of the fecal microbiota as observed in challenge studies.
Published: 2020
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9. Host genotype and amoxicillin administration affect the incidence of diarrhoea and faecal microbiota of weaned piglets during a natural multiresistant ETEC infection

Author: Silvia Tofani, Claudio Forte, Gaetan Lemonnier, Adrien Castinel, Claudia Bevilacqua, Claire Rogel-Gaillard, Chiara Francesca Magistrali, Lucia Marchi, Giovanni Pezzotti, Carmela Lovito, Diana Luise, Micol Bertocchi, Serenella Orsini, Paolo Trevisi, Fany Blanc, Jordi Estellé, Michele Tentellini, Francesca Romana Massacci, Francesca Romana Massacci,| Silvia Tofani, Claudio Forte, Micol Bertocchi, Carmela Lovito, Serenella Orsini, Michele Tentellini, Lucia Marchi, Gaetan Lemonnier, Diana Luise, Fany Blanc, Adrien Castinel, Claudia Bevilacqua, Claire Rogel‐Gaillard, Giovanni Pezzotti, Jordi Estellé, Paolo Trevisi, Chiara Francesca Magistrali, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique ( GeT-PlaGe), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ministry of Health, ItalyIZSUM RC 006/2016INRA (Animal Genetics division)France Genomique National infrastructureANR-10INBS-09Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL) of Bologna University (Italy), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse)
Subjects: Antibiotic resistance, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antibiotics, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, Feces, fluids and secretions, Food Animals, Oral administration, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Genotype, Escherichia coli Infections, 0303 health sciences, biology, Microbiota, Bacterial, Antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli, FUT1, gut microbiota, MUC4, swine, General Medicine, Single Nucleotide, 3. Good health, medicine.drug, DNA, Bacterial, Diarrhea, medicine.drug_class, FUT1, Weaning, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, digestive system, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Escherichia coli, Animals, Polymorphism, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, gut microbiota, 030306 microbiology, Amoxicillin, DNA, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, MUC4, swine, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract: International audience; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the aetiological agent of postweaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets. The SNPs located on the Mucine 4 (MUC4) and Fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT1) genes have been associated with the susceptibility to ETEC F4 and ETEC F18, respectively. The interplay between the MUC4 and FUT1 genotypes to ETEC infection and the use of amoxicillin in modifying the intestinal microbiota during a natural infection by multiresistant ETEC strains have never been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the MUC4 and FUT1 genotypes and the administration of amoxicillin through different routes on the presence of diarrhoea and the faecal microbiota composition in piglets naturally infected with ETEC. Seventy-one piglets were divided into three groups: two groups differing by amoxicillin administration routes-parenteral (P) or oral (O) and a control group without antibiotics (C). Faecal scores, body weight, presence of ETEC F4 and F18 were investigated 4 days after the arrival in the facility (T0), at the end of the amoxicillin administration (T1) and after the withdrawal period (T2). The faecal bacteria composition was assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. We described that MUC4 and FUT1 genotypes were associated with the presence of ETEC F4 and ETEC F18. The faecal microbiota was influenced by the MUC4 genotypes at T0. We found the oral administration to be associated with the presence of diarrhoea at T1 and T2. Furthermore, the exposure to amoxicillin resulted in significant alterations of the faecal microbiota. Overall, MUC4 and FUT1 were confirmed as genetic markers for the susceptibility to ETEC infections in pigs. Moreover, our data highlight that group amoxicillin treatment may produce adverse outcomes on pig health in course of multiresistant ETEC infection. Therefore, alternative control measures able to maintain a healthy faecal microbiota in weaners are recommended.
Published: 2020
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10. DHA-Induced Perturbation of Human Serum Metabolome. Role of the Food Matrix and Co-Administration of Oat β-glucan and Anthocyanins

Author: Corinne Malpuech-Brugère, Veronica Ghini, Francesco Capozzi, Claudio Luchinat, Luigi Ricciardiello, Alessandra Bordoni, Leonardo Tenori, Achim Bub, Caroline Orfila, Ghini V., Tenori L., Capozzi F., Luchinat C., Bub A., Malpuech-Brugere C., Orfila C., Ricciardiello L., Bordoni A., Center of Magnetic Resonance (CERM), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, GIOTTO Biotech, Max Rubner-Institut, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), European Union Seventh Framework programme (FP7/2007-2013) 311876: Pathway-27, University of Florence, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Anthocyanin, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, beta-Glucans, Ingredient, Risk Factors, oat beta glucans, Food science, ddc:796, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Aged, 80 and over, Metabolic Syndrome, Nutrition and Dietetics, Chemistry, NMR-based metabolomic, food and beverages, Middle Aged, docosahexaenoic acid, anthocyanins, 3. Good health, Athletic & outdoor sports & games, Docosahexaenoic acid, Food, Fortified, Metabolome, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Adult, Adolescent, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Lipoproteins, lcsh:TX341-641, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Metabolomics, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, Glucan, Aged, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, fungi, medicine.disease, Diet, carbohydrates (lipids), 030104 developmental biology, bioactive enriched food, Dietary Supplements, NMR-based metabolomics, Metabolic syndrome, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science, Lipoprotein, Co administration
Abstract: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been reported to have a positive impact on many diet-related disease risks, including metabolic syndrome. Although many DHA-enriched foods have been marketed, the impact of different food matrices on the effect of DHA is unknown. As well, the possibility to enhance DHA effectiveness through the co-administration of other bioactives has seldom been considered. We evaluated DHA effects on the serum metabolome administered to volunteers at risk of metabolic syndrome as an ingredient of three different foods. Foods were enriched with DHA alone or in combination with oat beta-glucan or anthocyanins and were administered to volunteers for 4 weeks. Serum samples collected at the beginning and end of the trial were analysed by NMR-based metabolomics. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were used to characterize modifications in the serum metabolome and to evaluate bioactive-bioactive and bioactive-food matrix interactions. DHA administration induces metabolome perturbation that is influenced by the food matrix and the co-presence of other bioactives. In particular, when co-administered with oat beta-glucan, DHA induces a strong rearrangement in the lipoprotein profile of the subjects. The observed modifications are consistent with clinical results and indicate that metabolomics represents a possible strategy to choose the most appropriate food matrices for bioactive enrichment.
Published: 2019
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11. Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 Positively Affects Performance and Intestinal Ecosystem in Broilers during a Campylobacter jejuni Infection

Author: Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci, Elisabetta Manuali, Francesca Romana Massacci, Chiara Francesca Magistrali, Livia Moscati, Domenica Anna Genovese, Carmela Lovito, Alessia Arcangela Pia De Leo, Silvia Tofani, Claudio Forte, Michele Tentellini, Paola Papa, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche ‘Togo Rosati’, Partenaires INRAE, University of Bologna, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL) of Bologna University (Italy), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Gut microbiota, Histomorphology, Live yeast, Probiotic, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], histomorphology, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Campylobacter jejuni, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Intestinal mucosa, Campylobacter Jejuni Infection, law, Virology, medicine, live yeast, Food science, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 2. Zero hunger, biology, gut microbiota, Campylobacter, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, faecalibacterium prausnitzii, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Lactobacillus reuteri, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, lcsh:Biology (General), probiotic
Abstract: In poultry production, probiotics have shown promise to limit campylobacteriosis at the farm level, the most commonly reported zoonosis in Europe. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces supplementation in Campylobacter jejuni challenged chickens on performance and intestinal ecosystem. A total of 156 day old male Ross 308 chicks were assigned to a basal control diet (C) or to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 supplemented diet (S). All the birds were orally challenged with C. jejuni on day (d) 21. Live weight and growth performance were evaluated on days 1, 21, 28 and 40. The histology of intestinal mucosa was analyzed and the gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA. Performance throughout the trial as well as villi length and crypt depth were positively influenced by yeast supplementation. A higher abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) annotated as Lactobacillus reuteri and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and a lower abundance of Campylobacter in fecal samples from S compared to the C group were reported. Supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii can effectively modulate the intestinal ecosystem, leading to a higher abundance of beneficial microorganisms and modifying the intestinal mucosa architecture, with a subsequent improvement of the broilers&rsquo, growth performance.
Published: 2019
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12. Genomic diversity, linkage disequilibrium and selection signatures in European local pig breeds assessed with a high density SNP chip

Author: Marie-José Mercat, Christoph Zimmer, Anisa Ribani, I. Djurkin-Kušec, Danijel Karolyi, Luca Fontanesi, Radomir Savić, Giuseppina Schiavo, Jordi Estellé, Martin Škrlep, Čedomir Radović, María Muñoz, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, Samuele Bovo, Valerio Joe Utzeri, Ana Isabel Fernández, Juliette Riquet, Maurizio Gallo, José Pedro Araújo, Vladimir Margeta, Cristina Óvilo, Riccardo Bozzi, Fabián García, Juan García-Casco, J.M. Martins, Rui Charneca, Raquel Quintanilla, Oreste Franci, Violeta Razmaite, Yolanda Núñez, J. Tibau, Producció Animal, Genètica i Millora Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agronomicas, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Kmetijski Institut Slovenije, Partenaires INRAE, Universidade de Évora, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), University of Osijek, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Bäuerliche Erzeugergemeinschaft Schwäbisch Hall (BESH), Lithuanian University of health Sciences, Centro de Investigação de Montanha [Bragança, Portugal] (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Faculty of Agriculture, Université nationale du Rwanda, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini, European Project: 634476,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,TREASURE(2015), Munoz M., Bozzi R., Garcia-Casco J., Nunez Y., Ribani A., Franci O., Garcia F., Skrlep M., Schiavo G., Bovo S., Utzeri V.J., Charneca R., Martins J.M., Quintanilla R., Tibau J., Margeta V., Djurkin-Kusec I., Mercat M.J., Riquet J., Estelle J., Zimmer C., Razmaite V., Araujo J.P., Radovic C., Savic R., Karolyi D., Gallo M., Candek-Potokar M., Fernandez A.I., Fontanesi L., Ovilo C., Óvilo, C., Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Linkage disequilibrium, pig, breed, genomic diversity, SNP chip, SNP chips, Molecular biology, Swine, Population genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sus scrofa, lcsh:Medicine, Breeding, selection signatures, Linkage Disequilibrium, Effective population size, local pig breeds, lcsh:Science, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Principal Component Analysis, Multidisciplinary, Genome, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Genomics, Breed, SNP genotyping, Alentejana, genomic diversity, selection signatures, local pig breeds, SNPs, Phenotype, Animals, Domestic, Pigs, SNPs, Genotype, Population, SNP, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic variation, Animals, Genetic resource, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], education, Animal breeding, Population Density, genomics, local breeds, diversity, Genetic diversity, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Genomic diversity, lcsh:R, 0402 animal and dairy science, Genetic Variation, Phenotypic trait, Selection signature, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Genetics, Population, Evolutionary biology, Local breeds, lcsh:Q
Abstract: Genetic characterization of local breeds is essential to preserve their genomic variability, to advance conservation policies and to contribute to their promotion and sustainability. Genomic diversity of twenty European local pig breeds and a small sample of Spanish wild pigs was assessed using high density SNP chips. A total of 992 DNA samples were analyzed with the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP) 70 K HD porcine genotyping chip. Genotype data was employed to compute genetic diversity, population differentiation and structure, genetic distances, linkage disequilibrium and effective population size. Our results point out several breeds, such as Turopolje, Apulo Calabrese, Casertana, Mora Romagnola and Lithuanian indigenous wattle, having the lowest genetic diversity, supported by low heterozygosity and very small effective population size, demonstrating the need of enhanced conservation strategies. Principal components analysis showed the clustering of the individuals of the same breed, with few breeds being clearly isolated from the rest. Several breeds were partially overlapped, suggesting genetic closeness, which was particularly marked in the case of Iberian and Alentejana breeds. Spanish wild boar was also narrowly related to other western populations, in agreement with recurrent admixture between wild and domestic animals. We also searched across the genome for loci under diversifying selection based on FST outlier tests. Candidate genes that may underlie differences in adaptation to specific environments and productive systems and phenotypic traits were detected in potentially selected genomic regions.
Published: 2019
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13. Whole-genome resequencing reveals signatures of selection in European pig breeds and wild boars

Author: Bovo, S., Schiavo, G., Ribani, A., Federica di Palma, F., Utzeri, Valerio Joe, Moscatelli, G., Geraci, Claudia, Gallo, M., Munoz, M., Fernández, A.I., Usai, G., Riquet, Juliette, Charneca, Rui, Djurkin-Kušec, I., Savic, R., Araujo, J.P., Quintanilla, Raquel, Razmaite, Violeta, Mercat, Marie J., Zimmer, C., Karolyi, Danijel, Garcia, F., Núñez, Y., FONTANESI, Luca, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Earlham Institute, Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agronomicas, AGRIS sardegna, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universidade de Évora, University of Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture, Université nationale du Rwanda, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Lithuanian University of Health Science (LUSH), Institut du Porc (IFIP), Bäuerliche Erzeugergemeinschaft Schwäbisch Hall (BESH), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ghana, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: genome sequencing, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], pig and related specie, [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], conservation, comparative genomic, breed diversity
Abstract: International audience; Natural and artificial directional selection in cosmopolitan and autochthonous livestock and wild relative populations have shaped their genomes defining the level of variability and determining selective sweeps as final adaptation to different environmental conditions and production systems. In this study we analyzed the genetic variability and selection signatures in 19 European local pig breeds sampled from 7 countries (Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia and Spain) (Alentejana, Apulo-Calabrese, Basque, Bísara, Majorcan Black, Black Slavonian, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Gascon, Krskopolje, Lithuanian indigenous wattle, Lithuanian White Old Type, Mora Romagnola, Moravka, Nero Siciliano, Sarda, Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein, Swallow-Bellied Mangalitsa and Turopolje), 3 cosmopolitan Italian breeds (Large White, Landrace and Duroc) and Italian wild boars. For each population, we prepared DNA pools using equimolar DNA from 30 to 35 animals. Whole-genome 150-bp paired-end sequencing was carried out on an Illumina HiSeq machine. More than 18.4 billion of reads were obtained and mapped on the Sscrofa11.1 genome version with BWA, obtaining a mean depth of sequencing of 42X, respectively. CRISP, coupled to an ad hoc bioinformatic pipeline, was used to detect more than 30 million of high-quality variants (18% not included in dbSNP yet). Variant annotation, carried out with VEP, highlighted that the 0.34% of the autosomal SNPs impacted genes at the protein level. Selection signature analyses (Fst and the Pooled Heterozygosity) highlighted more than 400 sweep regions distributed along the 18 porcine autosomes and scaffolds. Some of these genome regions harboured major genes affecting body shape/size (e.g., NR6A1, PLAG1, LCORL and CASP10), coat color (e.g., KIT, MC1R) and growth/fatness (e.g., MC4R), providing a first global variability analysis of European Sus scrofa populations. This study has been funded by European Union’s H2020 RIA program (grant agreement No 634476).
Published: 2019

14. Évaluation environnementale de systèmes traditionnels de production de porcs utilisant des races locales en Europe

Author: Monteiro, Alessandra, Wilfart, Aurélie, Batorek-Lukač, Nina, Tomažin, Urška, Utzeri, Valerio Joe, Nanni-Costa, Leonardo, FONTANESI, Luca, Faure, Justine, Garcia-Launay, Florence, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Kmetijski Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, European Project: 634476,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,TREASURE(2015), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and University of Bologna
Subjects: [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mora romagnola, Krškopolje, [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract: National audience; Environmental impacts of traditional pig production using local breeds are poorly documented. Most studies do not include in their perimeters emissions associated with grazing (EGr) or acorn consumption, or potential carbon sequestration in soils (SeqC). The aim of the present study was to estimate through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) impacts of traditional pig production in Europe according to four perimeters: Std (standard perimeter), Std + EGr, Std + SeqC, Std + EGr + SeqC. Forty-eight on-farm surveys were conducted in the framework of the TREASURE project (www.treasure.kis.si) to collect the data needed: 25 farms in France (raising Gascon pigs: GAS), 8 farms in Italy (Mora romagnola pigs: MOR), and 15 farms in Slovenia (Krškopolje pigs: KRS). In Std, the climate change (CC) impact per kg live weight at farm gate was lower in KRS than in MOR and GAS (5.85, 7.45 and 7.48 kg CO2-eq, respectively) due to lower environmental impacts of feeds (including co-products obtained on farm) and a better feed conversion ratio of pigs raised indoors. Impacts per ha of land use were lower on GAS farms due to a larger grazing area allocated to the outdoor pigs. In the perimeter Std + SeqC, CC decreased on average by 4%. In the perimeter Std + EGr, CC increased on average by 2%. EGr and SeqC contributed little to the impacts or the reduction in impacts. Hotspots to reduce environmental impacts of traditional pig production include feed composition, decreasing feed distribution to grazing animals, and the origin of feed ingredients.
Published: 2019

15. Environmental assessment of traditional pig production systems using local breeds in Europe

Author: Monteiro, Alessandra, Wilfart, Aurélie, Batorek-Lukač, Nina, Tomažin, Urška, Utzeri, Valerio Joe, Nanni-Costa, Leonardo, FONTANESI, Luca, Faure, Justine, Garcia-Launay, Florence, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Kmetijski Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, and European Project: 634476,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,TREASURE(2015)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mora romagnola, Krškopolje, [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract: National audience; Environmental impacts of traditional pig production using local breeds are poorly documented. Most studies do not include in their perimeters emissions associated with grazing (EGr) or acorn consumption, or potential carbon sequestration in soils (SeqC). The aim of the present study was to estimate through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) impacts of traditional pig production in Europe according to four perimeters: Std (standard perimeter), Std + EGr, Std + SeqC, Std + EGr + SeqC. Forty-eight on-farm surveys were conducted in the framework of the TREASURE project (www.treasure.kis.si) to collect the data needed: 25 farms in France (raising Gascon pigs: GAS), 8 farms in Italy (Mora romagnola pigs: MOR), and 15 farms in Slovenia (Krškopolje pigs: KRS). In Std, the climate change (CC) impact per kg live weight at farm gate was lower in KRS than in MOR and GAS (5.85, 7.45 and 7.48 kg CO2-eq, respectively) due to lower environmental impacts of feeds (including co-products obtained on farm) and a better feed conversion ratio of pigs raised indoors. Impacts per ha of land use were lower on GAS farms due to a larger grazing area allocated to the outdoor pigs. In the perimeter Std + SeqC, CC decreased on average by 4%. In the perimeter Std + EGr, CC increased on average by 2%. EGr and SeqC contributed little to the impacts or the reduction in impacts. Hotspots to reduce environmental impacts of traditional pig production include feed composition, decreasing feed distribution to grazing animals, and the origin of feed ingredients.
Published: 2019

16. Environmental impacts of pig production systems using European local breeds. The contribution of carbon sequestration and emissions from grazing

Author: Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, Valerio Joe Utzeri, Florence Garcia-Launay, Urška Tomažin, Alessandra Nardina Tricia Rigo Monteiro, Nina Batorek Lukač, Luca Fontanesi, Aurélie Wilfart, Leonardo Nanni Costa, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Animal Science Department, University of Tabriz [Tabriz], European Project: 634476,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,TREASURE(2015), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Monteiro A.N.T.R., Wilfart A., Utzeri V.J., Batorek Lukac N., Tomazin U., Nanni Costa L., Candek-Potokar M., Fontanesi L., Garcia-Launay F., and University of Bologna/Università di Bologna
Subjects: pig, race porcine locale, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, pâturage, 020209 energy, Strategy and Management, élevage extensif, enquête, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon sequestration, environmental impact, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, extensive husbandry, Hotspot, life cycle assessment, Environmental protection, Grazing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental impact assessment, grazing, survey, 0505 law, General Environmental Science, analyse du cycle de vie, 2. Zero hunger, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Autochthonous breed, 05 social sciences, Global warming, production porcine, swine, 15. Life on land, émission, Breed, séquestration du carbone, Climate change mitigation, 13. Climate action, 050501 criminology, Environmental science, impact environnemental, Rangeland, Eutrophication, autochthonous breeds, porc
Abstract: Environmental assessment of pig production systems using local breeds remains poorly documented in the literature. So far, studies did not account for specificities of outdoor rearing which is quite common in such systems. The present study aimed at evaluating the environmental impacts of pig production systems using local breeds in Europe, while accounting for emissions associated to consumption of grass and mitigation of impacts through soil-C sequestration. Environmental impacts were estimated for 48 farms using local pig breeds: 25 in France (Gascon breed), eight in Italy (Mora Romagnola breed) and 15 in Slovenia (Krskopolje breed). Assessment was performed with and without accounting for pasture-intake emissions and potential soil-C sequestration. The data were obtained from on-farm surveys. Systems with Gascon pigs had the lowest impacts per kg of live weight for global warming and cumulative energy demand, due to lower impacts of feeds. Acidification potential was higher for Krskopolje pigs due to high dietary crude protein content and high AP of feeds, while eutrophication potential was higher for Gascon pigs due to higher phosphorus content of feeds (28% higher than the mean of the other farms). When impacts were expressed per ha of land use, pig production in Gascon farms had the lowest impacts due to more available area per pig, except for eutrophication. Low contribution of soil-C sequestration to climate change mitigation was observed (4.7% on average). However, it may have a substantial contribution for the most extensive pig systems using large land surfaces. Emissions resulting from grazing had a rather low contribution to Global Warming Potential (4%) and Eutrophication (3%), but a substantial one to Acidification impact (9% on average). In the frame of our study, the contribution of emissions related to grazing is moderate because commercial feed supply for outdoor pigs was higher than in extensive systems studied in literature. This study highlighted that main hotspots include feed composition and supply and the origin of feed ingredients. It also suggests that future assessments of extensive pig systems relying on pig foraging on grasslands or rangelands should account for soil-C sequestration and emissions associated to grazing and foraging.
Published: 2019
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17. Piglets infected with ETEC F4 and F18: effect of MUC4 and FUT1 genotypes

Author: Massacchi, Francesca, Tofani, Silvia, Tentellini, Michele, Orsini, Serenella, Lovito, Carmela, Forte, Claudio, Bevilacqua, Claudia, Luise, Diana, Marchi, Lucia, Bertocchi, Micol, Rogel Gaillard, Claire, Pezzotti, Giovanni, Estellé, Jordi, Trevisi, Paolo, Magistrali , Chiara Francesca, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, and European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). INT.
Subjects: [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

18. Dietary intake of food bioactives in a cohort of European adults with metabolic syndrome enrolled in the Pathway-27 trial

Author: M. Herrmann, L. Ricciardiello, E. Marcato, C. Orfila, Alessandra Bordoni, J. Amat, S. Sutulic, M.J. Holmes, S. Garelli, A. Blot, C. Malpuech-Brugère, S. Seifert, A. Bub, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme 311876, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, European Project: 311876,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2012-6-singlestage,PATHWAY-27(2013), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), and Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, Dietary intake, Medicine (miscellaneous), Physiology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alimentation et Nutrition, Cohort, Food and Nutrition, Medicine, Metabolic syndrome, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: Summer Conference 2018: Getting energy balance right Summer Conference 2018: Getting energy balance rightSummer Conference 2018: Getting energy balance right; Dietary intake of food bioactives in a cohort of European adults with metabolic syndrome enrolled in the Pathway-27 trial. Summer Meeting of the Nutrition Society
Published: 2018
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19. Nutrients accessibility analysis of organic residues from wastes : fertilizing indicators?

Author: Jimenez, Julie, Grigatti, Marco, Patureau, Dominique, Bernet, Nicolas, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Agreenskills, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Published: 2018

20. Progress in understanding drought tolerance: from alleles to cropping systems

Author: Roberto Tuberosa, François Tardieu, Rajeev K. Varshney, Varshney R.K., Tuberosa R., Tardieu F., Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, approche interdisciplinaire, drought tolerance, Plant Science, root architecture, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, Phenomics, architecture racinaire, 2. Zero hunger, Allele, education.field_of_study, Food security, Vegetal Biology, Agroforestry, Special Issue Editorial, production végétale, Crop Production, Droughts, plateforme de phénotypage, Arable land, seed development, Abortion, Crop yield, Dehydration, Osmotic adjustment, Root architecture, Seed development, Turgor management, Crops, Agricultural, Population, Drought tolerance, Plant Development, Biology, eXtra Botany, turgescence cellulaire, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ajustement osmotique, Desiccation, education, Alleles, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Drought, Abiotic stress, tolérance à la sécheresse, Plant Root, dehydration, osmotic adjustment, 15. Life on land, crop yield, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, adaptation au changement climatique, développement de la graine, Cropping, turgor management, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Improving crop yields under rainfed environments is key to meeting the food security demands of an everincreasing population, but climate change-associated expansion of drought-affected arable land means that resilient crops and agronomic practices are critical. High-throughput plant phenomics and modern genetic approaches must be directed towards precise understanding of factors controlling crop yield. This special issue covers root dynamics, turgor management under desiccation, molecular responses to dehydration, impact of drought on plant development and seed abortion, and adjustment of traits to the most frequent patterns of drought. It also addresses interdisciplinary views for enhancing genetic gains and achieving a more sustainable climate-resilient agronomy.
Published: 2018
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21. A first step towards a consensus static in vitro model for simulating full-term infant digestion

Author: Amélie Deglaire, Didier Dupont, Claire Bourlieu, Nicolò Dellarosa, Frédéric Carrière, Francesco Capozzi, S. de Oliveira, Luca Laghi, Olivia Ménard, Ménard, O., Bourlieu, C., De Oliveira, S.C., Dellarosa, N., Laghi, L., Carrière, F., Capozzi, F., Dupont, D., Deglaire, A, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (BIP ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the COST action FA1005 INFOGEST on food digestion., University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, STMicroelectronics [Tours] (ST-TOURS), Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Laboratoire Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse - UPR9025 (EIPL), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institute of Atomic Physics, Université de Roumanie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Enzymologie interfaciale et de physiologie de la lipolyse (EIPL), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, modèle animal, Consensus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Proteolysis, Lipolysis, Biology, Full Term Infant, In vitro model, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Digestion (alchemy), In vivo, alimentation de l'enfant, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, medicine, Humans, Food science, enfant, Static, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Human food, cinétique de digestion, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Medicine (all), Infant, General Medicine, Structural evolution, animal models, Kinetics, formulation infantile, Infant formula, modèle animale, Digestion, formulation de l'aliment, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Model, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; In vitro alternatives to clinical trials are used for studying human food digestion. For simulating infant digestion, only few models, lacking of physiological relevance, are available. Thanks to an extensive literature review of the in vivo infant digestive conditions, a gastrointestinal static in vitro model was developed for infants born at term and aged of 28 days. The model was applied to the digestion of a commercial infant formula. Kinetics of digestion, as well as the structural evolution, were compared with those obtained while submitting the same formula to the adult international consensus protocol of in vitro static digestion. The kinetics of proteolysis and lipolysis differed according to the physiological stage resulting mainly from the reduced level of enzymes and bile salts as well as the higher gastric pH in the infant model. This in vitro static model of infant digestion is of interest for scientists, food or pharmaceutical manufacturers.
Published: 2018
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22. The relevance of functional amino acids to support the health of growing pigs

Author: Nathalie Le Floc'h, Etienne Corrent, Paolo Bosi, Anna Wessels, Guoyao Wu, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of animal and food science, faculty for veterinary science, University of Barcelona, Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S, Department of animal science and center for animal genomics, Texas A&M University System, Department of agricultural and food sciences, Università di Bologna, Le Floc'h, Nathalie, Wessels, Anna, Corrent, Etienne, Wu, Guoyao, Bosi, Paolo, and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cell signaling, Antioxidant, Nutrient requirement, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Inflammation, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Gut barrier, Nutrient requirements, medicine, besoin nutritionnel, nutrition animale, Animal nutrition, métabolisme, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Pig, 0402 animal and dairy science, barrière intestinale, swine, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Metabolism, nutritional requirement, 040201 dairy & animal science, Amino acid, Metabolic pathway, acide aminé, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, chemistry, inflammation, animal nutrition, Animal Science and Zoology, medicine.symptom, amino acid, porc
Abstract: On commercial farms, young growing pigs are frequently affected by health problems from multifactorial origins (e.g. environmental changes, biosecurity, management, and feed) that result in inflammation and activation of body defenses. Inflammation states alter animal metabolism in such a way that nutrients (particularly amino acids) are diverted from the use for growth towards the production of defense-related proteins and low-molecular-weight compounds (e.g., nitric oxide, H2S, and glutathione) for supporting the activity of rapidly dividing cells such as immune cells and enterocytes. Furthermore, amino acids may act specifically as signaling molecules to regulate metabolic pathways during inflammation. Thus, new knowledge on the specific role and metabolism of each amino acid is needed to refine nutritional recommendations for pigs of different phenotypes and genotypes, with the objective of maintaining animal health and performance under sub-optimal rearing conditions. This paper aims at summarizing recent advances in research on the functional roles of amino acids related to swine health. Specifically, the review highlights current knowledge on the impact of inflammation on the intake and metabolism of amino acids; their relevance for the physical gut mucosal barrier and antioxidant defense, as well as their roles in the syntheses of defense molecules and in the regulation of immune response. Practical implications for feeding strategies adapted to various health conditions of growing pigs are also discussed along with our general perspectives on related research.
Published: 2018
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23. Diversity across major and candidate genes in European local pig breeds

Author: Radomir Savić, Riccardo Bozzi, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, Juliette Riquet, José Pedro Araújo, María Muñoz, Goran Kušec, Čedomir Radović, Ana Isabel Fernández, Estefania Alves, Jordi Estellé, Fabián García, Marie J. Mercat, Rui Charneca, Alessandro Crovetti, Christoph Zimmer, Danijel Karolyi, Luca Fontanesi, Juan García-Casco, Maurizio Gallo, J.M. Martins, Ivona Djurkin-Kušec, Martin Škrlep, Raquel Quintanilla, Cristina Óvilo, Violeta Razmaite, Yolanda Núñez, J. Tibau, Claudia Geraci, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Kmetijski Institut Slovenije, Partenaires INRAE, Universidade de Évora, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Bäuerliche Erzeugergemeinschaft Schwäbisch Hall (BESH), Lithuanian University of Health Science (LUSH), Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Faculty of Agriculture, Université nationale du Rwanda, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini, Slovenian Research Agency P4-0133, European Project: 634476,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,TREASURE(2015), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Producció Animal, Genètica i Millora Animal, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo = Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo (IPVC), Muñoz, María, Bozzi, Riccardo, García, Fabián, Núñez, Yolanda, Geraci, Claudia, Crovetti, Alessandro, García-Casco, Juan, Alves, Estefania, Škrlep, Martin, Charneca, Rui, Martins, Jose M., Quintanilla, Raquel, Tibau, Joan, Kušec, Goran, Djurkin-Kušec, Ivona, Mercat, Marie J., Riquet, Juliette, Estellé, Jordi, Zimmer, Christoph, Razmaite, Violeta, Araujo, Jose P., Radović, Čedomir, Savić, Radomir, Karolyi, Danijel, Gallo, Maurizio, Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta, Fontanesi, Luca, Fernández, Ana I., and Óvilo, Cristina
Subjects: pig, European People, Swine, IGF2-INTRON3-G3072A SUBSTITUTION, Population genetics, Lithuanian People, Breeding, Biochemistry, FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION, PORCINE, genetic structure, Ethnicities, Animal Husbandry, lcsh:Science, reproductive traits, Mammals, education.field_of_study, pig breeds, Eukaryota, Lipids, Breed, Alentejana, PROMOTER REGION, Genetic diversity, pig, candidate genes, local breeds, SNPs, Genetic structure, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Genotype, Quantitative Trait Loci, Quantitative Trait Loci / genetics, Candidate genes, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic, Genetics, education, ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR LOCUS, Alleles, Genetic association, BACKFAT THICKNESS, lcsh:R, Organisms, 0402 animal and dairy science, Biology and Life Sciences, meat quality trait, estrogen receptor locus, genetic, feed-intake, coat color, mutations, 040201 dairy & animal science, 030104 developmental biology, Genetics, Population, Food, Genetic Loci, Evolutionary biology, Mutation, Population Groupings, lcsh:Q, Population Genetics, 0301 basic medicine, Candidate gene, lcsh:Medicine, meat quality, Fats, Animal Products, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animal Management, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, pigs, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, productive traits, disease resistance traits, Phenotype, Vertebrates, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / genetics, Autre (Sciences du Vivant), Research Article, Meat, Population, pig morphological traits, SNP, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, candidate mutations, udc:636, MC4R GENE, Animals, Nutrition, Evolutionary Biology, Genetic diversity, Population Biology, MEAT QUALITY TRAITS, biology.organism_classification, Diet, causal mutations, Spain, Amniotes, People and Places, local breed, marker, Local breeds
Abstract: The aim of this work was to analyse the distribution of causal and candidate mutations associated to relevant productive traits in twenty local European pig breeds. Also, the potential of the SNP panel employed for elucidating the genetic structure and relationships among breeds was evaluated. Most relevant genes and mutations associated with pig morphological, productive, meat quality, reproductive and disease resistance traits were prioritized and analyzed in a maximum of 47 blood samples from each of the breeds (Alentejana, Apulo- Calabrese, Basque, Bísara, Majorcan Black, Black Slavonian (Crna slavonska), Casertana, Cinta Senese, Gascon, Iberian, Krškopolje (Krškopoljski), Lithuanian indigenous wattle, Lithuanian White Old Type, Mora Romagnola, Moravka, Nero Siciliano, Sarda, Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein (Swabian Hall pig), Swallow-Bellied Mangalitsa and Turopolje). We successfully analyzed allelic variation in 39 polymorphisms, located in 33 candidate genes. Results provide relevant information regarding genetic diversity and segregation of SNPs associated to production and quality traits. Coat color and morphological trait-genes that show low level of segregation, and fixed SNPs may be useful for traceability. On the other hand, we detected SNPs which may be useful for association studies as well as breeding programs. For instance, we observed predominance of alleles that might be unfavorable for disease resistance and boar taint in most breeds and segregation of many alleles involved in meat quality, fatness and growth traits. Overall, these findings provide a detailed catalogue of segregating candidate SNPs in 20 European local pig breeds that may be useful for traceability purposes, for association studies and for breeding schemes. Population genetic analyses based on these candidate genes are able to uncover some clues regarding the hidden genetic substructure of these populations, as the extreme genetic closeness between Iberian and Alentejana breeds and an uneven admixture of the breeds studied. The results are in agreement with available knowledge regarding breed history and management, although largest panels of neutral markers should be employed to get a deeper understanding of the population’s structure and relationships.
Published: 2018
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24. Survey of demographic and phenotypic data of local pig breeds of Treasure project

Author: Bozzi, Riccardo, Skrlep, Martin, Lenoir, Herveline, Lebret, Bénédicte, Garcia-Casco, J.M., Petig, Matthias, Charneca, Rui, Paixim, Hugo, Karolyi, Danijel, Gallo, M., Geraci, M., Usai, G., Quintanilla, Raquel, Araujo, José Pedro, Razmaite, Violeta, Gvozdanović, Kristina, DISPAA, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Bäuerliche Erzeugergemeinschaft Schwäbisch Hall (BESH), ICAAM, University of Evora, Associação Nacional dos Criadores do Porco (ANCPA), University of Zagreb, Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences - Division of Animal Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), AGRIS sardegna, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Lithuanian University of Health Science (LUSH), J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, European Project: 634476,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,TREASURE(2015), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo = Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo (IPVC), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract: Il s'agit d'un article correspondant à une communication orale en conférence (IX Symposium of the Mediterranean Pig, Portalegre, Portugal, 3-5 Nov 2016); International audience; The paper reports the results of a survey on the demographic and phenotypic characterization of 20 European local pig breeds involved in the H2020 TREASURE project including information on: demographic parameters, main morphological features, reproductive information, additional information collected at herd-level (i.e. temperament, holding, mating practices), origins and development of the breeds. Almost all the breeds (18 out of 20) possess a herd book even if the starting year is highly variable (from 1980 to 2006). Number of breeding females ranged from 24 (Moravka) to over 200,000 heads (Ibérico). Male/female ratio varied greatly with the highest values for the Italian breeds probably due to the different policy of animal recording. Almost all the breeds undergo a conservation program whereas really few are interested by other conservation techniques and for less than five breeds data related to effective number and inbreeding coefficient are easily available. Average values for teat number, litter size and weaned piglets are 12, 8 and 6 respectively with a great potential for their improvement. The depicted scenario is highly diversified and the data collected represent the starting point for the achievement of a collective trademark under the umbrella of the TREASURE project.; Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una encuesta de datos demográficos y fenotípicos de 20 razas locales de cerdos en estudio en el proyecto H2020 TREASURE y incluí información de: parámetros demográficos, características morfológicas principales, parámetros reproductivos, informaciones adicionales a nivel de los efectivos (ex. Temperamento, instalaciones, prácticas de cubrición), orígenes y desarrollo de las razas. Casi todas las razas (18 de 20) tienen libro genealógico, aunque su fecha de inicio varía mucho (de 1980 a 2006). El número de hembras reproductoras varía de 24 (Moravka) a más de 200 mil cabezas (Ibérico). La relación macho/hembra varía mucho con los valores más altos verificados en las razas italianas muy probablemente debido a una política diferente relativamente al registro de animales. Casi todas las razas tienen programas de conservación, aunque pocas están interesadas en otras técnicas de conservación y sólo en menos que 5 razas los datos relativos a número de efectivos y de coeficiente de consanguinidad están fácilmente disponibles. Los valores medios para números de pezones, tamaño de camada y lechones destetados son de 12, 8 y 6, respectivamente con un grande potencial para mejora. El escenario descrito es altamente diversificado y esta colecta de datos representa el punto de partida para una marca colectiva debajo del parasol del proyecto TREASURE.
Published: 2018

25. Deciphering molecular origin and functional impact of structural variation in maize through genome sequences comparison and integrative analysis of genetic variation, transcriptome and phenotype data

Author: Joets, Johann, Coursol, Sylvie, Turc, Olivier, Cabrera Bosquet, Llorenç, Martin-Magniette, Marie-Laure, Salvi, Silvio, VENON, Anthony, Chaignon, Sandrine, Laplaige, Jérôme, Gendrot, Ghislaine, Palaffre, Carine, Castel, Stéphanie, Pateyron, Stephanie, Brunaud, Véronique, Taconnat-Soubigou, Ludivine, Dumas, Fabrice, MARANDE, William, Rousselet, Agnes, Belcram, Harry, Charcosset, Alain, Tardieu, Francois, Welcker, Claude, Rogowsky, Peter, Vitte, Clémentine, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Unité expérimentale du maïs (BORDX ST-MARTIN UE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales (CNRGV), French National Research Agency (Amaizing, ANR-10-BTBR-03), France Agrimer, LabEx Saclay Plant Sciences-SPS (ANR-10-LABX-0040-SPS), ANR-10-BTBR-0001,AMAIZING,Développer de nouvelles variétés de maïs pour une agriculture durable: une approche intégrée de la génomique à la sélection(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0032,LaSIPS,LABORATORY FOR SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING OF PARIS SACLAY(2010), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Bologna, Unité expérimentale du GEVES de Saint Martin de Hinx, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)
Subjects: plateforme de phénotypage, Vegetal Biology, maïs, variation structurale, déficit hydrique, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], évolution du génome, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, analyse du transcriptome, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Biologie végétale, différence entre lignées, mécanisme moléculaire
Abstract: International audience; Structural variation (SV) is a major driver of plant adaptation and genome evolution. It originates from transposable element insertion, as well as gene Copy Number (CNV) and Presence/Absence Variation (PAV). Maize is a crop species with a complex genome, and exhibits extensive SV among lines, as well as strong phenotypic differences. It is therefore a good model to explore the diverse molecular mechanisms leading to SV, and to investigate to what extent SV impacts phenotypic variation. Finally, the geographical origin of the different maize inbred lines is well described, allowing for linking SV to environmental adaptation. Here, we present whole genome assemblies from seven European and American maize lines of various geographical origins and phenotypes, and with contrasted genome size. This dataset allows unprecedented genome-wide comparisons and characterization of maize SV with high sequence accuracy, thus offering the opportunity to evaluate the prevalence of the molecular mechanisms underlying these variations and to characterize the features responsible for genome size variation. These seven maize lines together with B73 were cultivated under contrasted water conditions in the PHENOARCH phenotyping platform allowing precise characterization of growth and development together with precise measurements of environmental conditions. Thirteen different organs harvested at various developmental stages have been used for RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis. This massive dataset will be used to evidence the possible role of SVs in quantitative responses to water deficit as well as the impact of SVs in gene regulation networks. Overall, this work will provide insights on the molecular origins and functional consequences of SV.
Published: 2018

26. Compte-rendu du Workshop international sur les normes et les marchés de la viande

Author: Farmer, Linda, Straif, Kurt, De Smet, Stefaan, Russo, Vincenzo, Roehe, Rainer, Moloney, Aidan, Hocquette, Jean-François, Farrell, David, Polkinghorne, Rod, Wierzbicki, Jerzy, Searchinger, Tim, Zhang, Dequan, Capri, Ettore, Ferrari, Paolo, Birnie, Jonathan, Viganò, Valeria, Mcdonnell, Ciara, Hadley, Phil, Hagan, Terence, Troy, Declan, Agri Food and Biosciences Institute, IARC, LANUPRO, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Roslin Institute Building, Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Food Research Centre [Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland], Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Beef CRC, Murdoch University, Polish Beef Association, Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale sez Chimica Vegetale, Università Cattolica del Sacr Cuore, Research Centre for Animal Production (CRPA), Dunbia, Sealed Air Packaging, Independent, Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, AHDB Beef and Lamb, Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Teagasc Food Research Centre [Fermoy, Ireland], Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt)
Subjects: viande bovine, qualité, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], qualité de la viande, beef
Abstract: The Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) recently convened a European Workshop in Milan to discuss some of the key challengesfacing the beef industry, with more than 80 people from the beef industry and research communities across Europe attending. The meeting wasorganised by AFBI with the University of Milan, funded by the UK Science and Innovation Network. The overall goal of the meeting was tostrengthen links and exchange knowledge between scientists and industry representatives across Europe on some of the key challenges facingthe beef industry. Four sessions of short talks addressed four key topics (Beef and Human Health, Eating Quality, Environment and welfare,Adding value throughout the supply chain), while two extended workshops provided delegates the opportunity to discuss the issues raised andcontribute their comments. Expert speakers from research and industry from Europe and also USA, China and Australia covered a wide range oftopics. This article presents a summary of these presentations and the outcomes of the workshops.; Le « Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) » a récemment organisé un workshop européen à Milan pour discuter des principaux défisauxquels la filière viande bovine est confrontée, avec plus de 80 personnes issues de la communauté scientifique ou de la filière au niveaueuropéen. La réunion a été organisée par l'AFBI avec l'Université de Milan et financée par le « UK Science and Innovation Network ». L'objectifglobal de la réunion était de renforcer les liens et les échanges de connaissances entre les scientifiques et les professionnels de la filière à traversl'Europe sur les principaux défis auxquels est confrontée la filière viande bovine. Quatre sessions avec des courtes conférences ont porté surquatre sujets importants concernant la viande bovine (nutrition humaine, qualité sensorielle, environnement et bien-être animal, valeur ajoutéele long de la filière) tandis que deux ateliers ont permis aux participants de discuter des questions soulevées et de faire part de leurs commentaires.Les conférenciers issus de la communauté scientifique ou de la filière de différents pays d'Europe, des États-Unis, de Chine et d'Australie ontabordé un large éventail de sujets. Cet article présente un résumé de ces présentations et des résultats des ateliers.
Published: 2018

27. Linking conifer root growth and production to soil temperature and carbon supply in temperate forests

Author: Bruno Buatois, L. Selli, John H. Kim, Loïc Brancheriau, Zhun Mao, Hervé Rey, Yan Wang, Raphaëlle Leclerc, Mark R. Bakker, Alexia Stokes, Christophe Jourdan, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), BioWooEB (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 114 BioWooEB), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, treeline, dormancy, Starch, taux d'élongation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], racine fine, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, potentiel hydrique du sol, chemistry.chemical_compound, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, spectroscopie proche infrarouge de réflectivité NIRS, Transport des substances nutritives, gradient altitudinal, biology, starch, Enracinement, analyse comparative, Horticulture, Water potential, Forêt, picea abies, forêt tempérée, comparative analysis, soil temperature, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Soil Science, Growing season, Photosynthesis, 010603 evolutionary biology, reserves, température du sol, photosynthèse, Croissance, photosynthesis, Picea abies, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, root, dormance, Hiver, chemistry, temperate forest, Dormancy, Phloem, Sink (computing), Cycle du carbone, 010606 plant biology & botany, Racine
Abstract: Background and aims: In temperate conifer forests, soil temperature is an important driver of fine root growth and winter root growth can occur during aerial dormancy. We hypothesize that in conifers, stocks of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in fine roots are high enough to provide energy for root growth and production throughout the year, even when photosynthesis is reduced. Methods: We measured monthly root production (i.e. the number of roots undergoing elongation) and their elongation rate (RER) in mature Picea abies for one year, along a soil temperature gradient (three altitudes of 1400, 1700 and 2000 m). Every two months we harvested needles, branches, stem, large, medium and fine roots, and quantified starch and soluble sugars in each organ using analytical methods and near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS). Soil water potential was monitored continuously. We analysed RER data with regard to climate variables and NSC levels of the current and preceding month. Results: NIRS was a reliable method for measuring starch and soluble sugars. NSC was high in the crown and roots but very low in the trunk all year round. Soil temperature was positively correlated to RER (of the current month) between 0 and 8 °C, above which RER stabilised and was not explained by NSC levels or soil water potential. However, mean RER of fine roots in the month following the measurement of NSC was significantly and negatively correlated to soluble sugar and positively correlated with starch content. Very fine root starch content was also positively correlated with root production in the month following the starch measurement. Conclusion: Soil temperature was a major driver of fine root elongation, but at low temperatures only. At soil temperatures >8 °C, no particular driver was dominant. NSC levels were negligible in the stem and root-bases, suggesting that wood production is a major sink that depletes carbohydrates. A large pool of NSC, principally in the form of starch, existed in fine roots of P. abies, and acted as an energy supply for root production throughout the year, even when photosynthesis was limited. Soluble sugars were depleted in fine roots during the growing season, but no relationship was found between fine root production and soluble sugars. The physiological mechanism by which NSC accumulation actively or passively occurs in fine roots is not known but could be due to the symplastic pathway of phloem unloading in conifer root tips, which suggests a passive mechanism.
Published: 2018
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28. Genetic approaches for rearing entire males

Author: Larzul, Catherine, Fontanasi, L., Tholen, E., van Son, M., ProdInra, Migration, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Animal Genetics, Teagasc - The Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Topigs Norsvin Research Center B.V., Schoenaker, Partenaires INRAE, Institute of Animal Sciences, and Norsvin
Subjects: [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], endocrine system, Reproductive Biology, urogenital system, [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], correlation, genetic, production, Biologie de la reproduction, selection, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, heritability
Abstract: International audience; Boar taint in the pork meat from entire male pigs results from the presence of two molecules: androstenone and skatole. The genetic determinism of androstenone and skatole has been studied for a few decades. It is well known that the heritability values are moderate to high and the genetic correlation between both levels is moderately positive. Nevertheless, application of selecting against boar taint has been limited in breeding schemes to obtain low boar taint lines. An important topic is the relationships between boar taint risk and other trait of economic interest. The genetic correlations with production traits such as growth rate, feed efficiency or carcass quality are mostly favourable, and selection applied in sire lines should tend to decrease boar taint. In dam lines, the genetic relationships with reproductive traits still need to be further explored. Some studies showed low correlations between boar taint risk and litter traits or fertility, but other evidences led to the conclusion that selection against boar taint would unfavourably impact female reproductive traits. Several issues have been addressed regarding potential criteria to predict boar taint at slaughter. One of the most promising has been human nose scoring at slaughter house, but relevant predictors are still needed that can directly be measured on live animals. New instrumental methods have to be developed for breeding purposes. In that respect, genomic information and a better understanding of genes involved in boar taint metabolism will provide useful tools for breeding entire males.
Published: 2018
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29. Rabbit genome analysis reveals a polygenic basis for phenotypic change during domestication

Author: Jeremy A. Johnson, Guillaume Queney, Sarah Young, G. Bolet, Frank W. Albert, Anqi Xiong, Gerli Pielberg, Rose G. Mage, Leif Andersson, Samuel Boucher, Alvaro Martinez Barrio, Shady Younis, Carl-Johan Rubin, Nima Rafati, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Magali Ruffier, Eric S. Lander, Sandra Afonso, Bronwen Aken, Shumaila Sayyab, Federica Di Palma, Miguel Carneiro, Claire Rogel-Gaillard, Jessica Alföldi, Karin Forsberg-Nilsson, Jeffrey M. Good, Nuno Ferrand, Steve Searle, Rita Campos, Jean L. Chang, Luca Fontanesi, Daniel Barrell, Rafael Villafuerte, Hernán A. Burbano, Joel M. Alves, Ze Peng, Hervé Garreau, David I. Heiman, Véronique Duranthon, Jason Turner-Maier, Centro de Investigaçao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Science of Life Laboratory Uppsala - Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Vertebrate and Health Genomics, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Science of Life Laboratory Uppsala - Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbioology, Department of Animal Bredding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Animal Production, Université Ain Shams, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Labovet Conseil, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Biologie du développement et reproduction (BDR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences - Division of Animal Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Deseases (NIAID), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Antagene - Animal Genomics Laboratory, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Science for Life Laboratory - Department of Immunology , Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory - Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, U54 HG003067 NHGRI NIH HHS, WT095908 Wellcome Trust, WT098051 Wellcome Trust, Carneiro, Miguel, Rubin, Carl-Johan, Palma, Federica Di, Albert, Frank W., Alföldi, Jessica, Barrio, Alvaro Martinez, Pielberg, Gerli, Rafati, Nima, Sayyab, Shumaila, Turner-Maier, Jason, Younis, Shady, Afonso, Sandra, Aken, Bronwen, Alves, Joel M., Barrell, Daniel, Bolet, Gerard, Boucher, Samuel, Burbano, Hernán A., Campos, Rita, Chang, Jean L., Duranthon, Veronique, Fontanesi, Luca, Garreau, Herve, Heiman, David, Johnson, Jeremy, Mage, Rose G., Peng, Ze, Queney, Guillaume, Rogel-Gaillard, Claire, Ruffier, Magali, Searle, Steve, Villafuerte, Rafael, Xiong, Anqi, Young, Sarah, Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin, Good, Jeffrey M., Lander, Eric S., Ferrand, Nuno, Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, Andersson, Leif, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Molecular Sequence Data, Animals, Wild, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Rabbit, Breeding, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome, Article, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Frequency, Animals, Selection, Genetic, Allele, Domestication, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Gene, Allele frequency, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Base Sequence, Behavior, Animal, Animal, Medicine (all), Sequence Analysis, DNA, Phenotype, Genetic Loci, Animals, Domestic, Rabbits, Reference genome
Abstract: Rabbits softly swept to domestication When people domesticate animals, they select for tameness and tolerance of humans. What else do they look for? To identify the selective pressures that led to rabbit domestication, Carneiro et al. sequenced a domestic rabbit genome and compared it to that of its wild brethren (see the Perspective by Lohmueller). Domestication did not involve a single gene changing, but rather many gene alleles changing in frequency between tame and domestic rabbits, known as a soft selective sweep. Many of these alleles have changes that may affect brain development, supporting the idea that tameness involves changes at multiple loci. Science , this issue p. 1074 ; see also p. 1000
Published: 2014
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30. Long-term administration of formic acid to weaners: Influence on intestinal microbiota, immunity parameters and growth performance

Author: Leonardo Nanni Costa, Micol Bertocchi, Giuseppe Maiorano, Jaap van Milgen, Luciano Fusco, Paolo Bosi, Diana Luise, Martina Chiappelli, Maurizio Mazzoni, Vincenzo Motta, Chiara Salvarani, Paolo Trevisi, Luise, Diana, Motta, Vincenzo, Salvarani, Chiara, Chiappelli, Martina, Fusco, Luciano, Bertocchi, Micol, Mazzoni, Maurizio, Maiorano, Giuseppe, Costa, Leonardo Nanni, Van Milgen, Jaap, Bosi, Paolo, Trevisi, Paolo, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Veterinarian consultant, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Formic acid, sevrage, Weaning, Bacterial growth, gène marqueur, medicine.disease_cause, performance de croissance, Microbiology, Jejunum, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, microbiote, Lactobacillus, mental disorders, Gastric mucosa, medicine, nutrition animale, acide formique, 16S rRNA, 2. Zero hunger, Pig, Pig, Formic acid, 16SrRNA, Weaning, Microbiota, biology, Streptococcus, Stomach, Microbiota, 0402 animal and dairy science, swine, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, inflammation, animal nutrition, 16SrRNA, Animal Science and Zoology, sécrétion gastrique acide, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, porc
Abstract: Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.06.015.; The use of organic acids in diets for livestock animals is interest due to their being potentially beneficial in maintaining gut homeostasis and controlling pathogenic bacterial growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two doses of formic acid supplementation for six weeks to weaner pigs. The long-term effects of formic acid were tested for growth performance, microbiota composition in the jejunum using 163 rRNA, expression of marker genes of inflammation in the jejunum, and quantification of acid-secreting cells in the gastric oxyntic mucosa using immunohistochemistry. Three diets containing no (control; CO), 1.4 g/kg (low formic acid; LFA) or 6.4 g/kg (high formic acid; HFA) free formic acid were fed to 36 pigs for 42 d from 7 d post-weaning (7.1 +/- 1.0 kg live weight) until the end of the trial (27.7 +/- 5.5 kg live weight); they were housed in individual cages for six weeks. During the first three weeks, formic acid supplementation, at any of the dosage above, increased average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.004), tended to increase average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P = 0.08) and tended to decrease g of feed to g of gain (F:G) (P = 0.08) while no effect was observed during the last three weeks. At the end of the trial, formic acid supplementation had only a minor effect on the microbiota composition in the jejunum. A higher microbiota diversity (Chaol index P < 0.05) was found in the HFA group than in the CO group. The Control group showed a higher abundance (P < 0.05) of Gemella, Lactobacillus and Parvimimoas than the HFA and LFA groups, higher levels of Acinetobacter, Fusobactrium, Leuconostoc respect to the HFA group and of Turcibacter as compared to the LFA group. The abundance of Streptococcus was lower in the CO group than in the HFA group and higher than in the LFA group. The jejunal expression of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL20) was higher in the HFA group respect to the LFA group. Formic acid intake did not affect the thickness of the gastric mucosa, the number of parietal cells and stomach weight. This study showed that the addition of formic acid to piglet diets improved growth performance during the first period after weaning and that the long-term supplementation of formic slightly affected the microbiota composition according to the dose.
Published: 2017
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31. Compte-rendu du second congrès intitulé 'Qualité durable de la viande bovine en Europe'

Author: Hocquette, Jean-François, Farmer, Linda, Straif, Kurt, De Smet, Stefaan, Russo, Vincenzo, Roehe, Rainer, Moloney, Aidan, Farrell, David, Polkinghorne, Rod, Wierzbicki, Jerzy, Searchinger, Tim, Zhang, Dequan, Capri, Ettore, Ferrari, Paolo, Birnie, Jonathan, Viganò, Valeria, McDonnell, Ciara K, Hadley, Phil, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), LANUPRO, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Roslin Institute Building, Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Food Research Centre [Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland], Birkenwood Pty Ltd, 431, Independent, Polish Beef Association, Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Research Centre for Animal Production (CRPA), Dunbia, Sealed Air Packaging, Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, AHDB Beef and Lamb, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), International Agency for Research on Cancer, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Scotland’s Rural College, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Research Centre for Animal Production ( CRPA ), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), and Teagasc Food Research Centre [Fermoy, Ireland]
Subjects: [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], viande bovine, qualité, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], qualité sensorielle, qualité de la viande, bien-être animal, beef, animal welfare
Abstract: Le « Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) » a récemment organisé un workshop européen à Milan pour discuter des principaux défis auxquels la filière viande bovine est confrontée, avec plus de 80 personnes issues de la communauté scientifique ou de la filière au niveau européen. La réunion a été organisée par l'AFBI avec l'Université de Milan et financée par le « UK Science and Innovation Network ». L'objectif global de la réunion était de renforcer les liens et les échanges de connaissances entre les scientifiques et les professionnels de la filière à travers l'Europe sur les principaux défis auxquels est confrontée la filière viande bovine. Quatre sessions avec des courtes conférences ont porté sur quatre sujets importants concernant la viande bovine (nutrition humaine, qualité sensorielle, environnement et bien-être animal, valeur ajoutée le long de la filière) tandis que deux ateliers ont permis aux participants de discuter des questions soulevées et de faire part de leurs commentaires. Les conférenciers issus de la communauté scientifique ou de la filière de différents pays d'Europe, des États-Unis, de Chine et d'Australie ont abordé un large éventail de sujets. Cet article présente un résumé de ces présentations et des résultats des ateliers., The Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) recently convened a European Workshop in Milan to discuss some of the key challenges facing the beef industry, with more than 80 people from the beef industry and research communities across Europe attending. The meeting was organised by AFBI with the University of Milan, funded by the UK Science and Innovation Network. The overall goal of the meeting was to strengthen links and exchange knowledge between scientists and industry representatives across Europe on some of the key challenges facing the beef industry. Four sessions of short talks addressed four key topics (Beef and Human Health, Eating Quality, Environment and welfare, Adding value throughout the supply chain), while two extended workshops provided delegates the opportunity to discuss the issues raised and contribute their comments. Expert speakers from research and industry from Europe and also USA, China and Australia covered a wide range of topics. This article presents a summary of these presentations and the outcomes of the workshops. Presentations are available on the following link.
Published: 2017

32. Italian and Spanish commercial tomato sauces for pasta dressing: study of sensory and head-space profiles by Flash Profiling and solid-phase microextraction-gas chomatography-mass spectrometry

Author: BENDINI, ALESSANDRA, Vallverdú Queralt, Anna, VALLI, ENRICO, PALAGANO, ROSA, Lamuela Raventos, Rosa Maria, GALLINA TOSCHI, TULLIA, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Inter-Departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biomedical Research Center in Red-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII (CIBEROBN) from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MEC), Generalitat de Catalunya (GC) [2014 SGR 773], Alfonso Martin Escudero Foundation, [AGL2013-49083-C3-1-R], Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bendini, Alessandra, Vallverdú-Queralt, Anna, Valli, Enrico, Palagano, Rosa, Lamuela-Raventos, Rosa Maria, and Gallina Toschi, Tullia
Subjects: head-space volatiles, Flash Profiling, mass spectrum analysis, espagne, Head-space volatile, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Solanum lycopersicum, spectrométrie de masse, Humans, sensory profile, Spices, tomato sauce, Solid Phase Microextraction, SPME-GC-MS, Volatile Organic Compounds, Nutrition and Dietetics, fungi, food and beverages, profil sensoriel, sauce tomate, italie, Flavoring Agents, Italy, Spain, Taste, profil aromatique, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Biotechnology, Food Science
Abstract: The sensory and head-space profiles of Italian and Spanish commercial tomato sauces were investigated. The Flash Profiling method was used to evaluate sensory characteristics. Samples within each set were ranked according to selected descriptors. One hundred volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction-gas chomatography-mass spectrometry.For Italian samples, the sensory notes of basil/aromatic herbs, acid and cooked tomato were among those perceived most by the assessors, whereas, in Spanish samples, the sensory attributes of garlic/onion and onion/sweet pepper and, in Italian samples, cooked tomato were among those found most frequently. Data were elaborated using multivariate statistical approaches and interesting correlations were observed among the different sensory attributes and related volatile compounds.Spanish samples were characterized by the highest content of volatiles linked to the thermal treatment of tomatoes and to raw and sautéed garlic and onion, whereas the Italian samples were characterized by terpenic compounds typical of basil and volatile molecules derived from fresh tomato. These results confirm the influence of both formulation and production processes on the aromatic profile (sensory attributes and volatile compounds) of tomato products, which is probably related to the different eating habits and culinary traditions in Italy and Spain. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Published: 2017
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33. Survey of demographic and phenotypic data of local pig breeds of Treasure project

Author: Bozzi, Riccardo, Lebret, Bénédicte, Lenoir, Herveline, Garcia Casco, Juan Maria, Petig, Matthias, Charneca, Rui, Paixim, Hugo, Karolyi, Danijel, Gallo, Mauricio, Geraci, Claudia, Usai, Mario Graziano, Quintanilla, Raquel, Araujo, José Pedro, Razmaite, Violeta, Gvozdanović, Kristina, DISPAA - Animal Science Section, University of Firenze, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut du Porc (IFIP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Besh, ICAAM, University of Evora, Associação Nacional dos Criadores do Porco (ANCPA), University of Zagreb, Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Agenzia della Regione Sardegna per la Ricerca Scientifica (AGRIS), Institute of Research and Technology, Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Institute of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Science (LUSH), and Poljoprivredni fakultet Osijek (PFOS)
Subjects: race porcine locale, démographie des exploitations, démographie, phénotypage, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, swine, reproductive and urinary physiology, humanities, health care economics and organizations, porc
Abstract: Survey of demographic and phenotypic data of local pig breeds of Treasure project. 9. International symposium on the mediterranean pig
Published: 2016

34. Quality differentiation in the Italian wine industry: terroir-based vs. brand-based strategies

Author: Giulio Malorgio, Eric Giraud-Heraud, Luca Camanzi, Cristina Grazia, Camanzi, Luca, Grazia, Cristina, Giraud-Héraud, Eric, Malorgio, Giulio, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Information Systems and Management, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Supply chain, media_common.quotation_subject, industrial organisation model, Context (language use), Management Science and Operations Research, vertical integration, Competition (economics), 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG), 0502 economics and business, cluster analysi, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Quality (business), Business and International Management, Industrial organization, Terroir, media_common, 0303 health sciences, strategie, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, terroir, consumer, Italian wine industry, 05 social sciences, differentiation, Economies of scale, Incentive, Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT), quality, strategies, designation of origin, cooperative, 050211 marketing, Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC), industrial brand, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Business, cluster analysis, cooperatives, Reputation
Abstract: International audience; This study assesses the reasons that induce wine firms to choose their differentiation strategy, namely a terroir-based or a brand-based approach, considering both endogenous factors (e.g., firm size, nature of upstream-downstream relations) and exogenous conditions (market size/opportunities, collective brand reputation). First, we provide an empirical characterisation of the Italian denomination of origin wine processing and bottling industry as well as of firms' quality differentiation strategies, by means of a cluster analysis (CLA). Based on these results, we developed an industrial organisation model explaining the incentives for firms to adopt each strategy in a competitive context, focusing on the trade-off between terroir-based strategies and brand-based strategies. We conclude that brand-based strategies are motivated mostly by scale economies, short-run market opportunities and synergies between brand and designations of origin, while the main reasons prompting firms to choose terroir-based strategies relate to supply chain control, low demand uncertainty and competition intensity.
Published: 2017
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35. Age-related Expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in the gastric mucosa of young pigs

Author: Paolo Trevisi, Jean-Paul Lallès, Maurizio Mazzoni, Michela Colombo, Stefano Messori, Paolo Bosi, Greta Gandolfi, Davide Priori, Paolo Trevisi, Greta Gandolfi, Davide Priori, Stefano Messori, Michela Colombo, Maurizio Mazzoni, Jean-Paul Lallè, Paolo Bosi, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Alimentation Adaptations Digestives, Nerveuse et Comportementales (ADNC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and This research was funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7 ⁄ 2007–2013) under the grant agreement no. 227549.
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, IMMUNE RECEPTORS, GENE EXPRESSION, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, In situ hybridization, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Gastric glands, Gastric mucosa, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, lcsh:Science, Receptor, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Lamina propria, PIG, Multidisciplinary, Stomach, lcsh:R, Toll-Like Receptors, Age Factors, Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin, TLR2, Protein Transport, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, GASTRIC MUCOSA, lcsh:Q, Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, Research Article
Abstract: Chantier qualité GA; International audience; To date few studies have addressed the development and function of the porcine gastric mucosal immune system and this is a major limitation to understanding the immunopathogenesis of infections occurring in young pigs. The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) mediates the transport of secretory immunoglobulins until luminal surface of the gut mucosa and the aim of this study was to investigate the time course of pIgR expression and to determine its localization in three functionally different porcine gastric sites during the suckling period and after weaning. An additional goal was to investigate the time course expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in relation to pIgR expression. Gastric samples were collected from the cardiac-to-oxyntic transition (Cd), the oxyntic (Ox), and the pyloric (Py) regions in 84 pigs, slaughtered before weaning (14, 21 and 28 days of age; 23, 23 and 19 pigs, respectively) and 14 days post-weaning (42 days of age, 23 pigs). PIgR was expressed in the mucosa of all the three gastric sites, and its transcript levels were modulated during suckling and after weaning, with regional differences. PIgR expression increased linearly during suckling (P=0.019) and also increased post-weaning (P=0.001) in Cd, it increased post-weaning in Py (P=0.049) and increased linearly during suckling in Ox (P=0.036). TLRs expression was also modulated during development: in Cd, TLR2 increased linearly during suckling (P=0.003); in Ox, TLR2 decreased after weaning (P=0.038) while TLR4 increased linearly during suckling(P=0.008). The expression of TLR2, 3 and 4 in Ox was positively correlated with pIgR expression (P
Published: 2013
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36. Investigation of the premelanosome protein (PMEL or SILV) gene and identification of polymorphism excluding it as the determinant of the dilute locus in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Author: FONTANESI, Luca, Scotti, Emilio, Colombo, Michela, Allain, Daniel, Deretz, Severine, Dall'Olio, Stefania, Russo, Vincenzo, Oulmouden, Ahmad, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux (SAGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Expérimentale en Productions Animales (GEPA), Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Animale (UGMA), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Animale (UMR GMA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Fontanesi, Luca, Scotti, Emilio, Colombo, Michela, Allain, Daniel, Deretz, Sevérine, Dall'Olio, Stefania, Russo, Vincenzo, and Oulmouden, Ahmad
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Candidate gene, Coat, mice, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, couleur de la robe, rabbit, population, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, candidate gene, coat colour, premelanosome protein, snp, receptor mc1r gene, coat color, mutation, tyrosinase, variant, Biology, souris, 570 Life sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Food Animals, lapin, education, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 0402 animal and dairy science, Religious studies, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Phenotypic trait, 040201 dairy & animal science, Molecular biology, PMEL, Animal Science and Zoology, gène candidat
Abstract: After the rediscovery of the Mendel’s laws, the domesticated European rabbit (Orycolagus cuniculus) has been the objective of pioneering studies on coat colour genetics. However, despite the early role of this species in defining genetic mechanisms determining this phenotypic trait, only recently a few loci have been characterized at the molecular level analysing also in rabbits genes already shown to affect coat colour in mice. We herein investigated the rabbit premelanosome protein (PMEL) gene, also known as melanocyte protein Pmel 17 (PMEL17) or silver (SILV), as mutations in the homologous gene in mice and other species produce phenotypic effects similar to what is observed in the dilute coat colour in rabbit. The rabbit dilute locus is determined by a recessive coat colour mutation that dilutes the black to blue (grey) interacting with the basic colours influenced by the agouti and extension loci. To investigate this candidate gene, we isolated and sequenced cDNAs as well as portions of intronic and exonic regions of the PMEL gene in several rabbits with different coat colours and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms, including several missense mutations. One polymorphism, positioned in intron 7, was genotyped in a family in which there was segregation of the dilute coat colour. The results excluded PMEL as the causative gene for the dilute locus in rabbits, shortening the list of candidate genes that should be analysed to identify the mutation determining this phenotypic trait.
Published: 2013
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37. The MLPH expression is decreased in rabbits owning a dilution of coat colour

Author: Julie Demars, Nathalie Iannuccelli, Valerio Joe Utzeri, Luca Fontanesi, Daniel Allain, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, and University of Bologna
Subjects: [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, phenotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rabbit, coat colour, pigmentation, selection, deletion, [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract: International audience; Coat colour dilution is a specific pigmentation phenotype which segregates in many mammalian species. This trait affects both eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis and corresponds to a dilution of wild type pigments. In human, mutations within genes encoding for the proteins of the tripartite complex (as example the melanophilin, MLPH), cause Griscelli syndromes characterized by a dilution of the hair colour. In rabbit, the “Dilute” locus is determined by a major gene with an autosomal recessive genetic determinism. Gene candidate approaches focused on the MLPH gene highlighted 2 distinct polymorphisms associated with the “Dilute” phenotype in rabbits. Both mutations located either at a splice acceptor site or into the exon 6 of the gene might affect the stability of MLPH messengers. To evaluate the effect of one of the two mutations, we quantified the MLPH transcripts levels in skin samples of animals owning a dilution of coat colour or a wild type phenotype. Castor and Chinchilla breeds in which the interest phenotype exists were considered; unrelated 16 “Dilute” rabbits (8 of each strain) and 16 wild type animals (8 of each breed) were selected. First of all, we genotyped the whole dataset for the 1bp non-synonymous deletion. All “Dilute” rabbits are homozygous MLPHd/d while wild type individuals are homozygous for the reference allele MLPHwt/wt. Our results confirmed this polymorphism as the potential causal mutation of the coat colour dilution. Then, the MLPH expression was measured to reinforce the involvement of this gene and this specific mutation into the “Dilute” phenotype. In both breeds, a drastic and significant decreased of the MLPH transcripts levels was shown in rabbits MLPHd/d and owning a “Dilute” phenotype (p-values ranging from 10-03 to 10-06). Altogether, our data strongly support the importance of the deletion identified within the MLPH gene and brought new insights into the coat colour dilution trait.

38. Etude du microbiote dans le contexte de la robustesse du porcelet

Author: Elodie Merlot, Charlène Clement, Rémi Resmond, Diana Luise, Arnaud Buchet, Olivier Zemb, Catherine Belloc, ProdInra, Migration, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience

39. Surface application and impact of Yarrowia lipolytica grown in cheese whey as adjunct culture for innovative and fast-ripening Caciotta-like cheeses.

Author: Gottardi D, Siroli L, Braschi G, D'Alessandro M, Vannini L, Patrignani F, and Lanciotti R
Subjects: Volatile Organic Compounds analysis, Volatile Organic Compounds metabolism, Fermentation, Humans, Proteolysis, Food Handling methods, Cheese microbiology, Cheese analysis, Yarrowia growth & development, Yarrowia metabolism, Whey chemistry, Whey microbiology, Food Microbiology
Abstract: Cheese whey represents a significant challenge for the dairy industry due to its high chemical and biochemical oxygen demand. However, when utilized as a substrate for microbial growth, it can yield microbial biomass suitable for various food sector applications. In this study, two strains of Yarrowia lipolytica (RO3. and Y3) were cultivated to approximately 7.9 log CFU/mL on cheese whey and subsequently applied as culture adjuncts on the surface of Caciotta-type cheese. The cheeses were produced on an industrial scale and stored at 6 °C for 35 days, during which microbiological (plate counting for total mesophiles, yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and Enterobacteriaceae), chemical (water activity, pH, color), proteolytic (SDS-PAGE), lipolytic (Folch method with gas chromatography analyses), and volatile molecule profiles (solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) were analyzed, along with sensory evaluations. Although Y. lipolytica levels declined during storage, its application accelerated the ripening process, enhancing proteolysis and increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids (25 % for RO3. vs. 19 % in the control) in the cheese paste. Additionally, it promoted the development of ripened cheese aroma compounds (e.g., butanoic, hexanoic, and decanoic acids) on the cheese rind, particularly in cheeses treated with strain Y3. Overall, the findings demonstrate that Y. lipolytica represents a promising approach for valorizing food industry by-products, transforming them into innovative ingredients for sustainable and circular production systems. However, strain selection is crucial, as only Y. lipolytica RO3. produced cheeses with the desired ripening characteristics., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
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40. Co-exposure to a honeybee pathogen and an insecticide: synergistic effects in a new solitary bee host but not in Apis mellifera .

Author: Tadei R, Cilia G, Mathias da Silva EC, Sancho Blanco G, Albacete S, Azpiazu C, Granato A, Bortolin F, Martini A, Bosch J, Malaspina O, and Sgolastra F
Subjects: Animals, Bees drug effects, Bees physiology, Nosema physiology, 4-Butyrolactone analogs & derivatives, Pyridines, Insecticides toxicity
Abstract: Pesticides and pathogens are major drivers of bee declines. However, their potential interactions are poorly understood, especially for non- Apis bees. This study assessed the combined effects of infestation by the honeybee pathogen Vairimorpha ceranae and chronic exposure to the insecticide flupyradifurone on Osmia bicornis and Apis mellifera . We investigated whether V. ceranae could reproduce in a new solitary bee host ( O. bicornis ) and assessed sublethal and lethal effects of the pathogen and the pesticide, alone and in combination. We also analysed the interactive effects of the combined exposure on V. ceranae proliferation and bee survival in the two bee species. Newly emerged bees were orally infected with 100 000 spores of V. ceranae and then exposed ad libitum to flupyradifurone at field-realistic concentrations. We showed, for the first time to our knowledge, that V. ceranae can replicate in the midgut of O. bicornis , causing histological damage, impaired phototactic response, reduced food consumption and decreased longevity. The pathogen-pesticide combination caused a synergistic effect in O. bicornis, leading to an abrupt survival decline. In A. mellifera , V. ceranae and flupyradifurone showed antagonistic survival effects, but the pesticide promoted pathogen proliferation. Our results warn against the potential effects of pathogen spillover and multiple stressor exposure on non- Apis bees.
Published: 2025
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41. Influence of grape quality tier, harvest timing, and yeast strain on mannoprotein content, phenolic composition, and color modulation in young red wines.

Author: Galaz-Torres C, Vidal J, Vargas S, Zincker J, Brossard N, Bordeu E, Ricci A, Parpinello GP, and Versari A
Subjects: Phenols analysis, Tannins analysis, Anthocyanins analysis, Fruit microbiology, Fruit chemistry, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth & development, Time Factors, Fermentation, Wine analysis, Wine microbiology, Vitis microbiology, Vitis chemistry, Membrane Glycoproteins analysis, Color
Abstract: Besides the impact of harvest timing and grape quality, this study investigated the performance of selected yeast strains overproducing mannoproteins versus the conventional strain AGL 804 in terms of mannoprotein release and its consequences on the composition and color modulation of short-aged commercial red wines. The study fills a gap of volume and actual red wine production by comparing 36 winemaking conditions, each of 850 kg of grapes. The results showed that AGL 804 produced the same or more concentration of mannoproteins than the alternatives. Then, an apparent threshold was found for all yeasts when the dissolved solids content of grape musts at harvest exceeded 22 °Bx, beyond which no increase in mannoprotein production was observed. Only below this limit, an independent effect of yeast strains on tannin concentration and tannin-to-anthocyanin ratio (T/A) in wines was observed. These two parameters exhibited a moderate correlation with mannoprotein concentration (R 2 = 0.534 and R 2 = 0.696, respectively), and a low-moderate correlation for mannoprotein concentration with CIELAB color parameters. Wines produced from grapes > 22 °Bx showed only harvest-related variations in tannin concentration and T/A and no correlation between parameters analyzed and mannoprotein production. The study revealed that, although yeast strains influence the color of red wine after six months of bottling, their effect is secondary to the harvest timing. Moreover, the influence of the yeast strain itself was not consistent across the different harvest dates. Additionally, the study provides winemakers with an improved and practical assay for measuring mannoprotein levels in red wines, especially for small winery laboratories. It also introduces a novel 3D graphical representation of the CIELAB color parameters, which simultaneously integrates the real visible color of the wines and its visual discriminability to the human eye., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
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42. Impact of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) microparticles on soil physical-chemical properties, CO 2 emissions, and microbial community in a two-year field trial.

Author: Massaccesi L, Marabottini R, De Feudis M, Leccese A, Poesio C, Marinari S, Moscatelli MC, and Agnelli A
Subjects: Microplastics, Polyethylene, Soil Microbiology, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Soil chemistry, Soil Pollutants analysis, Microbiota
Abstract: Contamination by microplastics (MPs) is a serious problem affecting both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, but despite the large number of papers published in recent years, the impact of microplastics (MPs) on soil is still debated. This work aims to evaluate the effects of different amounts (0, 1, 2 % v/v) of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) microparticles (1-0.25 mm in size) on soil properties over time. Specifically, in a field plot experiment lasting about 2 years, treated and control soils were periodically sampled and analysed for their physical (aggregate stability and distribution), chemical (total N, soluble C and N, available P), and soil biochemical (basal respiration, microbial biomass C, enzyme activities, and fatty acid methyl ester - EL-FAME) properties. In addition, CO 2 fluxes from soil to atmosphere were measured throughout the experiment. The physical and chemical parameters of the treated soils did not differ significantly from the control soil, whereas specific changes occurred in the biochemical characteristics during the experiment, particularly in the soil treated with the higher dose of MPs. In the early period (21 to 46 days after the treatment), some changes in the microbial community structure were observed for the soil treated with 2 % MPs, suggesting the occurrence of stress conditions for the microbial biomass, likely due to nutrient limitation. After 166 g from the start of the experiment, the 2 % MPs-treated soil showed, other than a lower CO 2 flux than the control soil, a reduction of basal respiration together with an increase in actinomycetes and total fungi (both saprophytes and AMF). There was also an increase in C-related enzyme activities one year after treatment with MPs. These latter results suggest that the soil microbial community may be adapting to the new conditions and available energy substrates, which may also indicate the onset of HDPE degradation processes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
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43. Microplastic uptake by birds: from observation to development of a novel seed coating to prevent bird predation of corn seeds.

Author: Accinelli C, Bruno V, Abbas HK, Morena C, Khambhati VH, and Shier WT
Abstract: The occurrence of microplastics in soil is an emerging issue that not only impacts soil ecology but also has the potential to affect terrestrial birds foraging in agricultural fields. Foraging birds may unintentionally take up soil-borne microplastics along with soil adhering to crop residues and seeds of cultivated species. Microplastic uptake by foraging terrestrial bird species, including Pica pica (magpie), Corvus cornix (hooded crow), and Columba palumbus (common wood pigeon), studied using camera traps, showed that the risk of MP uptake by these birds microplastics from compostable plastic bags was elevated by 27 and 78% when the microplastic particles were associated with corn seed grits or corn seeds, respectively. When these film fragments were coated with a slurry containing tannic acid, saponin, and juglone, microplastic uptake was significantly reduced. Similarly, coating corn seeds with this repellent slurry reduced seed predation by birds up to 86%, and completely wrapping corn seeds with a repellent plastic film resulted in no observed seed predation by birds. The same results were obtained when the wrapping film was replaced by a seed coating containing hairy cotton fibers which may have triggered a feather fear or repulsion response in the birds. This study demonstrated that covering corn seeds with natural repellents or hairy filaments provided complete protection from bird predation., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable (this study did not recruit any human subjects). Consent for publication: Not applicable (this study is not published previously). Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)
Published: 2025
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44. Intrauterine growth restriction, defined by an elevated brain-to-liver weight ratio, affects faecal microbiota composition and, to a lesser extent, plasma metabolome profile at different ages in pigs.

Author: Ruggeri R, Bee G, Correa F, Trevisi P, and Ollagnier C
Abstract: Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects up to 30% of piglets in a litter. Piglets exposed to IUGR prioritize brain development during gestation, resulting in a higher brain-to-liver weight ratio (BrW/LW) at birth. IUGR is associated with increased mortality, compromised metabolism, and gut health. However, the dynamic metabolic and microbial shifts in IUGR-affected pigs remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of IUGR, defined by a high BrW/LW, on the composition of faecal microbiota and plasma metabolome in pigs from birth to slaughter. One day (± 1) after birth, computed tomography was performed on each piglet to assess their brain and liver weights. The pigs with the highest (IUGR = 12) and the lowest (NORM = 12) BrW/LW were selected to collect faeces and blood during lactation (day 16 ± 0.6, T1) and at the end of the starter period (day 63 ± 8.6, T2) and faeces at the beginning (day 119 ± 11.4, T3) and end of the finisher period (day 162 ± 14.3, T4)., Results: Faecal microbial Alpha diversity remained unaffected by IUGR across all time points. However, the Beta diversity was influenced by IUGR at T1 (P = 0.002), T2 (P = 0.08), and T3 (P = 0.03). Specifically, IUGR pigs displayed higher abundances of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (P adj = 0.03) and Romboutsia (P adj = 0.05) at T1, Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group (P adj = 0.02), Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group (P adj = 0.03), and Alloprevotella (P adj = 0.03) at T2, and p-2534-18B5 gut group (P adj = 0.03) at T3. Conversely, the NORM group exhibited higher abundances of Ruminococcus (P adj = 0.01) at T1, HT002 (P adj = 0.05) at T2, and Prevotella_9 (P adj < 0.001) at T3. None of the plasma metabolites showed significant differences at T1 between the IUGR and NORM pigs. However, at T2, asparagine was lower in the IUGR compared to the NORM group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: These findings show that growth restriction in the uterus has a significant impact on the faecal microbiota composition in pigs, from birth to the beginning of the finisher period, but minimally affects the plasma metabolome profile., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: All the experimental procedures complied with Swiss animal welfare guidelines and were approved (experimental approval number 32751) by the Cantonal Veterinary Office of Fribourg (Switzerland). Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)
Published: 2025
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45. Characterization of New Flavored Oils Obtained Through the Co-Milling of Olives and Vegetable Food Products.

Author: Lazzarini C, Tura M, Mandrioli M, Setti M, Mokhtari N, Ait Elkassia A, Barbieri S, Valli E, Bendini A, and Gallina Toschi T
Abstract: Consumers are increasingly attracted to innovative, gourmand, and sustainable food products. This has led to a growing interest in flavored olive oils through co-milling processing. This study explores the production and characterization of flavored olive oils obtained by co-milling olives with orange pomace, black pepper, and hemp seeds, aiming to enhance their sensory and compositional properties while promoting sustainability through the valorization of agri-food by-products. The flavored olive oils and their control samples were analyzed for free acidity, tocopherols, phenolic compounds, volatiles, and sensory profiles. The flavored oils exhibited an acceptable hydrolytic state and peculiar sensory notes, depending on the ingredients used, as well as enhanced compositional qualities. This research highlights the potential of using oranges and hemp by-products in flavored oil production, offering an innovative approach to reducing food waste, with the possibility of future industrial applications.
Published: 2025
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46. The Impact of Trust on Chinese Consumers' Acceptance of Meat Substitutes: The Mediating Role of Perceived Benefits and Perceived Risks, and the Moderating Role of Consumer Knowledge.

Author: Pareti M, Guo J, Abudurofu N, Liu Q, Bulibuli A, and Canavari M
Abstract: In recent years, meat substitutes have become a prominent global topic in academic research. As one of the world's most populous countries, China may increasingly consider meat substitutes as a new dietary option to meet the growing consumer demand. The potential acceptance of meat substitutes by consumers is a critical foundation for the industry's development, as it directly influences it's success. Moreover, consumer trust in meat substitutes plays a pivotal role in shaping this potential acceptance. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the impact of consumer trust on potential acceptance. Additionally, it incorporates the mediating roles of perceived benefits and perceived risks, as well as the moderating effect of consumer knowledge. A questionnaire survey was administered to 2647 Chinese consumers and a moderated dual-mediation model, based on the Bootstrap method, was employed to investigate the effects of consumer trust on the potential acceptance of meat substitutes. The study subsequently validated the mediating roles of perceived benefits and perceived risks, along with the moderating role of consumer knowledge. The findings indicate that consumer trust positively influences the potential acceptance of meat substitutes. Furthermore, consumer trust enhances perceived benefits while simultaneously reducing perceived risks. It affects consumer acceptance both directly and indirectly, through the mediating variables of perceived benefits and perceived risks. Consumer knowledge moderates the relationships between consumer trust, perceived benefits, and perceived risks, but does not significantly moderate the relationship between consumer trust and consumer acceptance.
Published: 2025
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47. Wearable Collar Technologies for Dairy Cows: A Systematized Review of the Current Applications and Future Innovations in Precision Livestock Farming.

Author: Lamanna M, Bovo M, and Cavallini D
Abstract: Wearable collar technologies have become integral to the advancement of precision livestock farming, revolutionizing how dairy cattle are monitored in terms of their behaviour, health status, and productivity. These devices leverage cutting-edge sensors, including accelerometers, RFID tags, GPS receivers, microphones, gyroscopes, and magnetometers, to provide non-invasive, real-time insights that enhance animal welfare, optimize resource use, and support decision-making processes in livestock management. This systematized review focuses on analyzing the sensors integrated into collar-based systems, detailing their functionalities and applications. However, significant challenges remain, including the high energy consumption of some sensors, the need for frequent recharging, and limited parameter coverage by individual devices. Future developments must focus on integrating multiple sensor types into unified systems to provide comprehensive data on animal behaviour, health, and environmental interactions. Additionally, advancements in energy-efficient designs, longer battery life, and cost-reduction strategies are essential to enhance the practicality and accessibility of these technologies. By addressing these challenges, wearable collar systems can play a pivotal role in promoting sustainable, efficient, and responsible livestock farming, aligning with global goals for environmental and economic sustainability. This paper underscores the transformative potential of wearable collar technologies in reshaping the livestock industry and driving the adoption of innovative farming practices worldwide., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2025
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48. Nutritional features of organic peas (Pisum sativum L.) cultivated in different Italian environments and rheological profile of pea-enriched crackers.

Author: Tibaldi C, Oliveira S, Dinelli G, Marotti I, and Raymundo A
Abstract: Background: Legumes are a key component of the human diet and a primary source of plant-based protein. They have attracted global attention as potential plant-based meat alternatives due to their numerous health benefits, and they contribute to a more sustainable and healthy food system. Among pulses, peas (Pisum sativum L.) are considered a good source of proteins, fibers, starch, minerals, and vitamins. This study evaluated the effect of environmental conditions on nutritional profile of peas cultivated in an organic farming system, in different Italian environments (mountainous and hilly), during different cultivation years (2021 and 2022). Pea grain from peas cultivated under the various conditions was used to prepare pea-based crackers containing 6% pea flour. The appearance, physical properties (rheology and texture), and nutritional profile of the snacks were evaluated, and sensory analysis was conducted., Results: The nutritional and bioactive compounds were strongly related and the environment exerted a substantial impact on most of the nutritional components (proteins and carbohydrates), due to climatic conditions during the vegetative and reproductive stage of the crop. The incorporation of cultivated peas into wheat-based crackers improved their functional and nutritional quality while maintaining consumer acceptability, as demonstrated by sensory analysis., Conclusions: The results confirmed that growing conditions significantly influence the nutritional composition of peas, enhancing their quality and that of the resulting crackers. This aligns with the increasing global demand for high-quality, sustainable food products. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.)
Published: 2025
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49. Bioactive compounds in edible insects: Aspects of cultivation, processing and nutrition.

Author: Psarianos M, Aghababaei F, and Schlüter OK
Subjects: Animals, Humans, Chitosan, Antioxidants analysis, Vitamins analysis, Food Handling methods, Phenols analysis, Insecta, Edible Insects chemistry, Nutritive Value
Abstract: The increasing interest in edible insects, driven by projected global population growth and environmental concerns, has led to the exploration of their potential in the food sector. Edible insects are abundant in macronutrients, such as proteins, lipids and chitin, as well as micronutrients, such as minerals, vitamins and phenolic compounds. Considering their content of bioactive compounds, they offer a sustainable solution to meet future food demands while providing potential health benefits. This review identifies bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, chitosan, and vitamins as major bioactive ingredients derived from insects. It discusses their presence in various edible insect species, their primary bioactive properties, and methods for production and isolation. Bioactive compounds sourced from edible insects exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, and disease-preventing properties. Insects also serve as rich sources of vitamins A, B2, B6, B12, D, and E, albeit with variations in content among species and life stages. However, the consumption of insects poses risks related to their biological and chemical contaminants, as well as their allergenicity. Managed diets in farm-bred insects ensure controlled nutrient levels, highlighting their potential as sustainable sources of bioactive compounds for human health. Adequate processing and labeling of insect-derived products can reduce the risk of insect consumption. In conclusion, the bioactive compound profile of edible insects complements their nutritional richness and highlights their potential to address future nutrition and food security., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
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50. Functional foods acting on gut microbiota-related wellness: The multi-unit in vitro colon model to assess gut ecological and functional modulation.

Author: Marangelo C, Marsiglia R, Nissen L, Scanu M, Toto F, Siroli L, Gottardi D, Braschi G, Chierico FD, Bordoni A, Gianotti A, Lanciotti R, Patrignani F, Putignani L, and Vernocchi P
Subjects: Colon microbiology, Colon metabolism, Humans, Fermentation, Digestion, Models, Biological, Lactobacillus, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology, Probiotics, Cheese microbiology, Functional Food, Streptococcus thermophilus metabolism, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a functional probiotic cheese (FPC) on gut microbiota (GM), after simulated digestion performed by a multi-unit in vitro colon model (MICODE). Squacquerone-like cheese was produced using the starter Streptococcus thermophilus (control, CTRL), and supplemented with the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, which was either subjected to high pressure homogenization (LrH) or not (Lr). Samples were stratified by cheese type, storage time, and colonic fermentation phase. Samples were then digested with MICODE and digests were characterized for ecological and functional profiles. The lactobacilli detected in Lr and LrH cheeses (9.0 log CFU/g) were represented by the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus and remained unchanged after storage at 4 °C. Lactobacilli levels in CTRLs increased from 1.5 log CFU/g to 2.0 log CFU/g after six days at 4 °C, while total coliforms remained below 1.5 log CFU/g in all samples. Real-time qPCR indicated a positive GM response after FPC simulated digestion, highlighting an abundance of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and Clostridium group IV in LrH samples. Metataxonomy revealed higher levels of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (p ≤ 0.05) after simulated digestion, as well as Megasphaera, Escherichia, Prevotella and Dorea. Moreover, an increase of short and medium chain fatty acids were detected by metabolomics. Overexpression of inferred KEGG metabolic pathways showed mainly fatty acids, novobiocin and amino acid metabolism. Understanding how functional foods can modify the GM may lead to the development of targeted microbiome-based therapies and the exploitation of these foods for the benefit of human health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
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