Author: "Department of Biosciences [Oslo]" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Department of Biosciences [Oslo]"' showing total 131 results

Start Over Author "Department of Biosciences [Oslo]"

131 results on '"Department of Biosciences [Oslo]"'

1. Honey bees and climate explain viral prevalence in wild bee communities on a continental scale

Author: Niels Piot, Oliver Schweiger, Ivan Meeus, Orlando Yañez, Lars Straub, Laura Villamar-Bouza, Pilar De la Rúa, Laura Jara, Carlos Ruiz, Martin Malmstrøm, Sandra Mustafa, Anders Nielsen, Marika Mänd, Reet Karise, Ivana Tlak-Gajger, Erkay Özgör, Nevin Keskin, Virginie Diévart, Anne Dalmon, Anna Gajda, Peter Neumann, Guy Smagghe, Peter Graystock, Rita Radzevičiūtė, Robert J. Paxton, Joachim R. de Miranda, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Institute of Bee Health, University of Bern, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Universidad de Murcia, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), University of Zagreb, Cyprus International University, Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Imperial College London, Leipzig University, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), and European Project: COST
Subjects: Agriculture and Food Sciences, Viral epidemiology, PARASITES, Climate Change, Rain, Science, viruses, Virus-host interactions, ECOLOGY, complex mixtures, Article, BUMBLEBEES, BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS, Stress, Physiological, Animals, RNA Viruses, INFECTIOUS-DISEASES, TEMPERATURE, PATHOGENS, Multidisciplinary, 630 Agriculture, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, fungi, Temperature, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Bees, APIS-MELLIFERA L, viral prevalence, wild bees, honeybees, climate, Virus Diseases, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Dicistroviridae, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Medicine, 590 Animals (Zoology), POPULATIONS, ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Viruses are omnipresent, yet the knowledge on drivers of viral prevalence in wild host populations is often limited. Biotic factors, such as sympatric managed host species, as well as abiotic factors, such as climatic variables, are likely to impact viral prevalence. Managed and wild bees, which harbor several multi-host viruses with a mostly fecal–oral between-species transmission route, provide an excellent system with which to test for the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on viral prevalence in wild host populations. Here we show on a continental scale that the prevalence of three broad host viruses: the AKI-complex (Acute bee paralysis virus, Kashmir bee virus and Israeli acute paralysis virus), Deformed wing virus, and Slow bee paralysis virus in wild bee populations (bumble bees and solitary bees) is positively related to viral prevalence of sympatric honey bees as well as being impacted by climatic variables. The former highlights the need for good beekeeping practices, including Varroa destructor management to reduce honey bee viral infection and hive placement. Furthermore, we found that viral prevalence in wild bees is at its lowest at the extreme ends of both temperature and precipitation ranges. Under predicted climate change, the frequency of extremes in precipitation and temperature will continue to increase and may hence impact viral prevalence in wild bee communities.
Published: 2022

2. Ecological ramifications of adaptation to size-selective mortality

Author: Beatriz Diaz Pauli, Anders Herland, Charlotte Evangelista, Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad, Joakim Sandkjenn, Julia Dupeu, Jacques Meriguet, Eric Edeline, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, Foraging, Ecology, Conservation and Global Change Biology, Biology, Mesocosm, Predation, fisheries-induced, evolution, Ecosystem, community composition, intraspecific variability, Research Articles, reproductive and urinary physiology, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Ecology, fungi, population dynamic, Light intensity, Benthic zone, ecosystem functioning, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Adaptation
Abstract: Size-selective mortality due to harvesting is a threat to numerous exploited species, but how it affects the ecosystem remains largely unexplored. Here, we used a pond mesocosm experiment to assess how evolutionary responses to opposite size-selective mortality interacted with the environment (fish density and light intensity used as a proxy of resource availability) to modulate fish populations, prey community composition and ecosystem functions. We used medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) previously selected over 10 generations for small size (harvest-like selection; small-breeder line) or large size (large-breeder line), which displayed slow somatic growth and early maturity or fast somatic growth and late maturity, respectively. Large-breeder medaka produced more juveniles, which seemed to grow faster than small-breeder ones but only under high fish density. Additionally, large-breeder medaka had an increased impact on some benthic prey, suggesting expanded diet breadth and/or enhanced foraging abilities. As a consequence, increased light stimulated benthic algae biomass only in presence of large-breeder medaka, which were presumably better at controlling benthic grazers. Aggregated effect sizes at the community and ecosystem levels revealed that the ecological effects of medaka evolution were of similar magnitude to those induced by the environment and fish introduction. These findings indicate the important environmental dependency of evolutionary response to opposite size-selective mortality on higher levels of biological organizations.
Published: 2021

3. A Pulmonary Lactobacillus murinus Strain Induces Th17 and RORγt + Regulatory T Cells and Reduces Lung Inflammation in Tuberculosis

Author: Bernard-Raichon, Lucie, Colom, André, Monard, Sarah, Namouchi, Amine, Cescato, Margaux, Garnier, Hugo, Leon-Icaza, Stephen, Métais, Arnaud, Dumas, Alexia, Corral, Dan, Ghebrendrias, Natsinet, Guilloton, Pauline, Vérollet, Christel, Hudrisier, Denis, Remot, Aude, Langella, Philippe, Thomas, Muriel, Cougoule, Céline, Neyrolles, Olivier, Lugo-Villarino, Geanncarlo, Marín Franco, José Luis, Genoula, Melanie, Duette, Gabriel, Ferreyra, Malena, Maio, Mariano, Dolotowicz, María Belén, Aparicio-Trejo, Omar Emiliano, Patiño-Martínez, Eduardo, Charton, Alison, Fuentes, Federico, Soldan, Vanessa, Moraña, Eduardo José, Palmero, Domingo, Ostrowski, Matías, Schierloh, Pablo, Sánchez-Torres, Carmen, Hernández-Pando, Rogelio, Pedraza-Chaverri, José, Rombouts, Yoann, Layre, Emilie, Maridonneau-Parini, Isabelle, Sasiain, María del Carmen, Balboa, Luciana, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CNRS, Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (DEQ2016 0334894, FDT201805005210), Fondation Bettencourt Schueller, ANR-15-CE15-0012,MMI-TB,Rôle du microbiome dans la réponse des macrophages à Mycobacterium tuberculosis: un programme de recherche intégrant le microbiote, le métabolisme et l'immunité(2015), ANR-18-CE15-0004,GENDER-TB,Bases immunologiques de la susceptibilité différentielle des genres à la tuberculose(2018), and European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012)
Subjects: Tuberculosis, Regulatory T cell, T cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Inflammation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunity, RAR-related orphan receptor gamma, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Lung, biology, business.industry, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine.symptom, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract: The lungs harbor multiple resident microbial communities, otherwise known as the microbiota. There is an emerging interest in deciphering whether the pulmonary microbiota modulate local immunity, and whether this knowledge could shed light on mechanisms operating in the response to respiratory pathogens. In this study, we investigate the capacity of a pulmonary Lactobacillus strain to modulate the lung T cell compartment and assess its prophylactic potential upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis. In naive mice, we report that a Lactobacillus murinus (Lagilactobacillus murinus) strain (CNCM I-5314) increases the presence of lung Th17 cells and of a regulatory T cell (Treg) subset known as RORγt+ Tregs. In particular, intranasal but not intragastric administration of CNCM I-5314 increases the expansion of these lung leukocytes, suggesting a local rather than systemic effect. Resident Th17 and RORγt+ Tregs display an immunosuppressive phenotype that is accentuated by CNCM I-5314. Despite the well-known ability of M. tuberculosis to modulate lung immunity, the immunomodulatory effect by CNCM I-5314 is dominant, as Th17 and RORγt+ Tregs are still highly increased in the lung at 42-d postinfection. Importantly, CNCM I-5314 administration in M. tuberculosis–infected mice results in reduction of pulmonary inflammation, without increasing M. tuberculosis burden. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for an immunomodulatory capacity of CNCM I-5314 at steady state and in a model of chronic inflammation in which it can display a protective role, suggesting that L. murinus strains found in the lung may shape local T cells in mice and, perhaps, in humans.
Published: 2021

4. A global marine particle size distribution dataset obtained with the Underwater Vision Profiler 5

Author: Kiko, R., Picheral, M., Antoine, David, Babin, Marcel, Berline, Léo, Biard, Tristan, Boss, Emmanuel, Brandt, Peter, Carlotti, François, Christiansen, Svenja, Coppola, Laurent, Cruz, Leandro, Diamond-Riquier, Emilie, Madron, Xavier, Elineau, Amanda, Gorsky, Gabriel, Guidi, Lionel, Hauss, Helena, Irisson, Jean-Olivier, Karp-Boss, Lee, Karstensen, Johannes, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), University of Maine - School of Marine Sciences, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), IMPA Jean-Christophe Yoccoz, Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA)-Institut National de Mathématiques Pures-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kiel University, and University of Maine
Subjects: [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

5. Strong genetic structure among populations of the tick Ixodes ricinus across its range

Author: Olivier Plantard, Annie Guiller, Hans Petter Leinaas, Marcus Panning, Jonathan Lenoir, Knut Røed, Steffen Ehrmann, Pedro Poli, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), and University of Freiburg [Freiburg]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Ixodes ricinus, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Population genetics, Tick, Microbiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Range shift, Animals, education, education.field_of_study, biology, Ixodes, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, Infection risks, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Evolutionary biology, Insect Science, Genetic structure, Multivariate Analysis, Biological dispersal, Parasitology, Animal Distribution
Abstract: International audience; Ixodes ricinus is the most common and widely distributed tick species in Europe, responsible for several zoonotic diseases, including Lyme borreliosis. Population genetics of disease vectors is a useful tool for understanding the spread of pathogens and infection risks. Despite the threat to the public health due to the climate-driven distribution changes of I. ricinus, the genetic structure of tick populations, though essential for understanding epidemiology, remains unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated weak to no apparent spatial pattern of genetic differentiation between European populations. Here, we analysed the population genetic structure of 497 individuals from 28 tick populations sampled from 20 countries across Europe, the Middle-East, and northern Africa. We analysed 125 SNPs loci after quality control. We ran Bayesian and multivariate hierarchical clustering analyses to identify and describe clusters of genetically related individuals. Both clustering methods support the identification of three spatially-structured clusters. Individuals from the south and north-western parts of Eurasia form a separated cluster from northern European populations, while central European populations are a mix between the two groups. Our findings have important implications for understanding the dispersal processes that shape the spread of zoonotic diseases under anthropogenic global changes.
Published: 2020

6. Location Is Everything, but Climate Gets a Share: Analyzing Small-Scale Environmental Influences on Breeding Success in the White-Throated Dipper

Author: Anna L. K. Nilsson, Trond Reitan, Thomas Skaugen, Jan Henning L’Abée-Lund, Marlène Gamelon, Kurt Jerstad, Ole Wiggo Røstad, Tore Slagsvold, Nils C. Stenseth, L. Asbjørn Vøllestad, Bjørn Walseng, Uppsala University, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Polar Institute, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], and University of Oslo (UiO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, clutch size, Cinclus cinclus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Evolution, hydrology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, habitat quality, brood size, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QH359-425, Keystone species, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, biology, Reproductive success, Ecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Brood, 010601 ecology, Habitat, 13. Climate action, polygamy, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract: Ecological and evolutionary effects of environmental variation on wild populations are of particular interest in a changing world. Large-scale environmental indices are classically used as environmental explanatory variables to study climate change effects on wild populations. However, these measures neglect the fact that individuals are affected by the local conditions in their home ranges. Freshwater ecosystems are particularly sensitive to climate change induced alterations in precipitation and discharge affecting lower trophic level prey and cascading up the food chain to impact keystone species. Here, we study how small-scale environmental variation at the level of each territory affects fitness-related traits and in particular reproductive success in the white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus, a bird dependent on aquatic prey. We take advantage of a long-term study of breeding dippers in a natural river system in Norway (1978–2015). We relate daily river discharge and other important hydrological and territory location variables to clutch and brood size simultaneously, while accounting for male and female age, polygyny, and population density. We also address uncertainty in estimates of both clutch and brood size when modeling reproductive success. The most influential variable overall was the altitudinal gradient, where birds breeding at higher altitudes laid fewer eggs and fledged fewer young. Clutch size decreased with increased population density and high temperatures, while it was positively affected by female age. Brood size varied greatly among territories, where some territories had consistently larger broods than others. Increased minimum and maximum temperatures, river discharge above 10 l/s and increased variability in snow depth had a positive effect on brood size, whereas polygyny had a negative effect. In conclusion, territory-specific variables explained a large amount of the variation in the reproductive output in the dipper, emphasizing the importance of the local habitat, and not only climatic variation, in a keystone species in freshwater ecosystems. Copyright © 2020 Nilsson, Reitan, Skaugen, L’Abée-Lund, Gamelon, Jerstad, Røstad, Slagsvold, Stenseth, Vøllestad and Walseng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Density-dependent consequences of size-selective induced life-history changes to population fitness in medaka ( Oryzias latipes )

Author: Charlotte Evangelista, Beatriz Diaz Pauli, Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad, Eric Edeline, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), University of Bergen (UiB), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Research Council of Norwaymobility program from the RCNIDEX SUPER Region Bretagne, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, education.field_of_study, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Oryzias, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Zoology, Aquatic Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Persistence (computer science), Density dependent, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Life history, Size selective, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: There is an increasing concern about the potential for size-selective harvest to impair population persistence. Yet little is known about the relative contribution of the evolutionary (shifts in life history) and demographic effects (decreased population density and size truncation) of harvesting to changes in fitness. Using medaka (Oryzias latipes), we experimentally investigated the fitness consequences of antagonistic size-dependent selection under contrasted levels of density (low versus high) and size structure (uniform versus truncated). The size-dependent selection generated large- and small-breeder lines with fast growth and late maturity versus slow growth and early maturity life histories, respectively. A decrease in density had a positive effect on almost all fitness components, while size truncation only had a positive effect on fish growth. Small-breeder fish grew slower and had a greater probability of reproducing, at least when considering small-sized females. The number of larvae and juveniles did not differ between the two lines. Finally, the positive effect of decreased density on population asymptotic growth rate was less pronounced in small-breeders than in large-breeders of medaka. These findings stress the importance of considering the ramifications of fishing-adapted life history to population persistence in the light of density-dependent population dynamics.
Published: 2020

8. Biodistribution of surfactant-free poly(lactic-acid) nanoparticles and uptake by endothelial cells and phagocytes in zebrafish: Evidence for endothelium to macrophage transfer

Author: Gareth Griffiths, Gabrielle Carron, Nils K. Dal, Dominique Le Guellec, Federico Fenaroli, Julien Rességuier, Charlotte Primard, Bernard Verrier, Jean-Pierre Levraud, Jens Wohlmann, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'ingénierie Thérapeutique UMR 5305 (LBTI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adjuvatis [Lyon], We thank the Norwegian Research Counsil for funding (FRIMEDBIO-No 144642). This work was also supported by the ANR project FishRNAVax (ANR-16-CE20-0002-01 and ANR-16-CE20-0002-03) and by Euronanomed III (Flunanoair)., ANR-16-CE20-0002,Fish-RNAvax,Vaccins ARN éco-compatibles pour l'induction de réponses immunitaires protectrices chez le poisson d'élevage(2016), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biodistribution, Endothelium, media_common.quotation_subject, Polyesters, Pharmaceutical Science, 02 engineering and technology, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Surface-Active Agents, In vivo, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Macrophage, Animals, Tissue Distribution, Uptake-degradation kinetics, Internalization, [SDV.IB.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, Zebrafish, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, biology, Chemistry, Macrophages, Endothelial Cells, Endothelial cell to macrophage transfer, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, [SDV.IMM.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, In vitro, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [SDV.SP.PG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Galenic pharmacology, Colloidal gold, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Nanoparticles, Surfactant-free, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; In the development of therapeutic nanoparticles (NP), there is a large gap between in vitro testing and in vivo experimentation. Despite its prominence as a model, the mouse shows severe limitations for imaging NP and the cells with which they interact. Recently, the transparent zebrafish larva, which is well suited for high-resolution live-imaging, has emerged as a powerful alternative model to investigate the in vivo behavior of NP. Poly(D,L lactic acid) (PLA) is widely accepted as a safe polymer to prepare therapeutic NP. However, to prevent aggregation, many NP require surfactants, which may have undesirable biological effects. Here, we evaluate ‘safe-by-design’, surfactant-free PLA-NP that were injected intravenously into zebrafish larvae. Interaction of fluorescent NPs with different cell types labelled in reporter animals could be followed in real-time at high resolution; furthermore, by encapsulating colloidal gold into the matrix of PLA-NP we could follow their fate in more detail by electron microscopy, from uptake to degradation. The rapid clearance of fluorescent PLA-NP from the circulation coincided with internalization by endothelial cells lining the whole vasculature and macrophages. After 30 min, when no NP remained in circulation, we observed that macrophages continued to internalize significant amounts of NP. More detailed video-imaging revealed a new mechanism of NP transfer where NP are transmitted along with parts of the cytoplasm from endothelial cells to macrophages.
Published: 2020

9. Niche differentiation and evolution of the wood decay machinery in the invasive fungus Serpula lacrymans

Author: Sudhagar V. Balasundaram, Elodie Drula, Daniel C. Eastwood, Jaqueline Hess, Bernard Henrissat, Renee I. Bakkemo, Nils Högberg, Inger Skrede, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Université médicale de Vienne, Autriche, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), King Abdulaziz University, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Swansea University, University of Oslo (UiO), Swedish Research Council Formas 2010-1354UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) NERC Natural Environment Research CouncilNE/K011588/1, European Project: 1014806(2010), and European Project: 0838196(2009)
Subjects: Range (biology), Niche, Biology, Generalist and specialist species, Microbiology, Decomposer, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Fungal ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecological niche, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Basidiomycota, Comparative genomics, Niche differentiation, Fungi, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Wood, Evolutionary biology, Molecular evolution, Adaptation, Serpula lacrymans
Abstract: Ecological niche breadth and the mechanisms facilitating its evolution are fundamental to understanding adaptation to changing environments, persistence of generalist and specialist lineages and the formation of new species. Woody substrates are structurally complex resources utilized by organisms with specialized decay machinery. Wood-decaying fungi represent ideal model systems to study evolution of niche breadth, as they vary greatly in their host range and preferred decay stage of the substrate. In order to dissect the genetic basis for niche specialization in the invasive brown rot fungus Serpula lacrymans, we used phenotyping and integrative analysis of phylogenomic and transcriptomic data to compare this species to wild relatives in the Serpulaceae with a range of specialist to generalist decay strategies. Our results indicate specialist species have rewired regulatory networks active during wood decay towards decreased reliance on enzymatic machinery, and therefore nitrogen-intensive decay components. This shift was likely accompanied with adaptation to a narrow tree line habitat and switch to a pioneer decomposer strategy, both requiring rapid colonization of a nitrogen-limited substrate. Among substrate specialists with narrow niches, we also found evidence for pathways facilitating reversal to generalism, highlighting how evolution may move along different axes of niche space.
Published: 2020

10. Ecosystem consequences of multi-trait response to environmental changes in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes

Author: Beatriz Diaz Pauli, Eric Edeline, Charlotte Evangelista, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Research Council of Norway
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, media_common.quotation_subject, growth, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, intraspecific biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, Predation, Mesocosm, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ecosystem processes, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common, Boldness, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Interspecific competition, stoichiometric traits, behaviour, Light intensity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, community structure, Research Article
Abstract: Intraspecific trait variation has large effects on the ecosystem and is greatly affected by human activities. To date, most studies focused on single-trait analyses, while considering multiple traits is expected to better predict how an individual interacts with its environment. Here, we used a mesocosm experiment with fish Oryzias latipes to test whether individual growth, boldness and functional traits (feeding rate and stoichiometric traits) formed one functional pace-of-life syndrome (POLS). We then tested the effects of among-individual mean and variance of fish functional POLSs within mesocosms on invertebrate community (e.g. zoobenthos and zooplankton abundances) and ecosystem processes (e.g. ecosystem metabolism, algae stock, nutrient concentrations). Stoichiometric traits correlated with somatic growth and behaviours, forming two independent functional POLS (i.e. two major covariance axes). Mean values of the first syndrome were sex- and environment-dependent and were associated with (i) long-term (10 generations; 4 years) selection for small or large body size resulting in contrasting life histories and (ii) short-term (6 weeks) effects of experimental treatments on resource availability (through manipulation of light intensity and interspecific competition). Specifically, females and individuals from populations selected for a small body size presented fast functional POLS with faster growth rate, higher carbon body content and lower boldness. Individuals exposed to low resources (low light and high competition) displayed a slow functional POLS. Higher mesocosm mean and variance values in the second functional POLS (i.e. high feeding rate, high carbon:nitrogen body ratio, low ammonium excretion rate) were associated to decreased prey abundances, but did not affect any of the ecosystem processes. We highlighted the presence of functional multi-trait covariation in medaka, which were affected by sex, long-term selection history and short-term environmental conditions, that ultimately had cascading ecological consequences. We stressed the need for applying this approach to better predict ecosystem response to anthropogenic global changes.
Published: 2020

11. Zooplankton-mediated fluxes in the eastern tropical North Atlantic

Author: Iris Kriest, Helena Hauss, Rainer Kiko, Elizandro Rodrigues, Peter Brandt, Svenja Christiansen, Jannik Faustmann, Florian Schütte, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kiel University, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), and Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas (INDP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, zooplankton, biogeochemical fluxes, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, tropical Atlantic, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oxygen minimum zone, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Cape verde, Water column, oxygen minimum zone, Cape Verde ocean observatory Kiko et al Zooplankton-Mediated Fluxes Tropical Atlantic, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, Diel vertical migration, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Biomass (ecology), Global and Planetary Change, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pelagic zone, diel vertical migration, martin curve, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Q
Abstract: Zooplankton organisms are a central part of pelagic ecosystems. They feed on all kinds of particulate matter and their egested fecal pellets contribute substantially to the passive sinking flux to depth. Some zooplankton species also conduct diel vertical migrations (DVMs) between the surface layer (where they feed at nighttime) and midwater depth (where they hide at daytime from predation). These DVMs cause the active export of organic and inorganic matter from the surface layer as zooplankton organisms excrete, defecate, respire, die, and are preyed upon at depth. In the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA), the daytime distribution depth of many migrators (300–600 m) coincides with an expanding and intensifying oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). We here assess the day and night-time biomass distribution of mesozooplankton with an equivalent spherical diameter of 0.39–20 mm in three regions of the ETNA, calculate the DVM-mediated fluxes and compare these to particulate matter fluxes and other biogeochemical processes. Integrated mesozooplankton biomass in the ETNA region is about twice as high at a central OMZ location (cOMZ; 11° N, 21° W) compared to the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory (CVOO; 17.6° N, 24.3° W) and an oligotrophic location at 5° N, 23° W (5N). An Intermediate Particle Maximum (IPM) is particularly strong at cOMZ compared to the other regions. This IPM seems to be related to DVM activity. Zooplankton DVM was found to be responsible for about 31–41% of nitrogen loss from the upper 200m of the water column. Gut flux and mortality make up about 31% of particulate matter supply to the 300–600 m depth layer at cOMZ, whereas it makes up about 32% and 41% at CVOO and 5N, respectively. Resident and migrant zooplankton are responsible for about 7–27% of the total oxygen demand at 300–600 m depth. Changes in zooplankton abundance and migration behavior due to decreasing oxygen levels at midwater depth could therefore alter the elemental cycling of oxygen and carbon in the ETNA OMZ and impact the removal of nitrogen from the surface layer.
Published: 2020

12. Lymphoid Tissue in Teleost Gills: Variations on a Theme

Author: Geert F. Wiegertjes, Louis Du Pasquier, Alf Seljenes Dalum, Yaqing Zhang, Erling Olaf Koppang, Julien Rességuier, Pierre Boudinot, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), University of Basel (Unibas), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), China Scholarship Council, CSC Wageningen UR, WUR 144642 Norges MiljÃ¸- og Biovitenskapelige Universitet, NMBU National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, and Funding: This research was funded by the Norwegian Research Counsil (FRIMEDBIO‐No 144642), and by institutional grants from INRAE, Norwegian University of Life Sciences and WUR. Yaqing Zhang was funded by the China Scholarship Council, National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gill, Gills, animal structures, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Celbiologie en Immunologie, zap70, Ilt, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Structural variation, 03 medical and health sciences, Common carp, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Immunity, Cypriniformes, evolution, 14. Life underwater, Zebrafish, lcsh:QH301-705.5, fish, gills, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Aquacultuur en Visserij, Zap70, biology.organism_classification, ilt, 030104 developmental biology, Lymphatic system, Fish, Cell Biology and Immunology, lcsh:Biology (General), WIAS, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; In bony fish, the gill filaments are essential for gas exchanges, but also are vulnerable to infection by water‐borne microorganisms. Omnipresent across fish, gill‐associated lymphoid tissues (GIALT) regulate interactions with local microbiota and halt infection by pathogens. A special GIALT structure has recently been found in Salmonids, the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT). However, the structural variation of GIALT across bony fish remains largely unknown. Here, we show how this critical zone of interaction evolved across fishes. By labeling a conserved T‐cell epitope on tissue sections, we find that several basal groups of teleosts possess typical ILT, while modern teleosts have lymphoepithelium of different shape and size at the base of primary gill filaments. Within Cypriniformes, neither body size variation between two related species, zebrafish and common carp, nor morphotype variation, did have a drastic effect on the structure of ILT. Thereby this study is the first to describe the presence of ILT in zebrafish. The ILT variability across fish orders seems to represent different evolutionary solutions to balancing trade‐offs between multiple adaptations of jaws and pharyngeal region, and immune responses. Our data point to a wide structural variation in gill immunity between basal groups and modern teleosts.
Published: 2020

13. Stoichiometric consequences of size-selective mortality: An experimental test using the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Author: Charlotte Evangelista, Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad, Beatriz Diaz Pauli, Eric Edeline, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), University of Bergen (UiB), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Research Council of NorwayIDEX SUPER Region BretagneFrench National Research Agency (ANR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Ecology: 488 [VDP], Male, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evolution, Nitrogen, Oryzias, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, Mesocosm, Animal science, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Evolusjon, biology, Phosphorus, Japanese Medaka, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Carbon, Light intensity, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Composition (visual arts), Female, Økologi: 488 [VDP], Stoichiometry
Abstract: The determinants of intraspecific stoichiometric variation remain difficult to elucidate due to their multiple ori- gins (e.g. genetic vs. environmental) and potential interactive effects. We evaluated whether two size-selected lines of medaka (Oryzias latipes) with contrasted life-history strategies (small- and large-breeder lines with slow growth and early maturity vs. fast growth and late maturity) differed in their organismal stoichiometry (percentage and ratios of carbon [C], nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) in a mesocosm experiment. We also tested how size-selection interacted with environmental conditions (i.e. two levels of fish density and light intensity), body condition and sex. Results showed that large-breeder fish were significantly N-enriched compared to small-breeders, while the two size-selected lines did not differ in body P composition. Size-selection interacted with density – high density only affected small-breeders leading to decreasing %C and C: N – and with sex – large-breeder females had higher %C and C:N values than large-breeder males. Finally, C:P and N:P ratios in- creased with body condition due to decreasing %P. Overall, our results show that the ecological consequences of size-selective mortality extend to organismal stoichiometry and may, from there, change nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. publishedVersion
Published: 2019

14. Truly sedentary? The multi-range tactic as a response to resource heterogeneity and unpredictability in a large herbivore

Author: Benedikt Gehr, Atle Mysterud, Francesca Cagnacci, Marco Heurich, Petter Kjellander, A. J. Mark Hewison, Max Kroeschel, Pavel Sustr, Sandro Nicoloso, Ferdinando Urbano, Leif Soennichsen, John D. C. Linnell, Wibke Peters, Anne Berger, Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Robin Sandfort, Nicolas Morellet, Ophélie Couriot, Sonia Saïd, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), LWF BAVARIAN STATE INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY FREISING DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Independent Consultant, Bavarian Forest National Park, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Research, Ecology and Environment Dimension ((D.R.E.Am. Italia)), Research, Ecology and Environment Dimension, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), National Park Sumava, Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), CNERA Cervidés Sanglier (ONCFS), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Dipartimento delle Arti e del Disegno Industriale [Venice], IUAV University Venice, Nationalparkverwaltung Bayerischer Wald, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), Service d'oncologie médicale [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Laboratoire de Comportement et d'Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France, University of Zurich, and Couriot, Ophélie
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Resource (biology), Range (biology), Resource distribution, migration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Homing Behavior, Capreolus, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, biology.animal, Animals, roe deer, Herbivory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Herbivore, biology, Ecology, Deer, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, sub-seasonal functional home range, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Roe deer, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, plasticity, 570 Life sciences, 590 Animals (Zoology), Local environment, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, residency
Abstract: Much research on large herbivore movement has focused on the annual scale to distinguish between resident and migratory tactics, commonly assuming that individuals are sedentary at the within-season scale. However, apparently sedentary animals may occupy a number of sub-seasonal functional home ranges (sfHR), particularly when the environment is spatially heterogeneous and/or temporally unpredictable. The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) experiences sharply contrasting environmental conditions due to its widespread distribution, but appears markedly sedentary over much of its range. Using GPS monitoring from 15 populations across Europe, we evaluated the propensity of this large herbivore to be truly sedentary at the seasonal scale in relation to variation in environmental conditions. We studied movement using net square displacement to identify the possible use of sfHR. We expected that roe deer should be less sedentary within seasons in heterogeneous and unpredictable environments, while migratory individuals should be seasonally more sedentary than residents. Our analyses revealed that, across the 15 populations, all individuals adopted a multi-range tactic, occupying between two and nine sfHR during a given season. In addition, we showed that (i) the number of sfHR was only marginally influenced by variation in resource distribution, but decreased with increasing sfHR size; and (ii) the distance between sfHR increased with increasing heterogeneity and predictability in resource distribution, as well as with increasing sfHR size. We suggest that the multirange tactic is likely widespread among large herbivores, allowing animals to track spatio-temporal variation in resource distribution and, thereby, to cope with changes in their local environment. Migration · Residency · Sub-seasonal functional home range · Plasticity · Roe deer
Published: 2018

15. Distribution patterns and population structure of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

Author: Jaime Mejuto, Kotaro Yokawa, Rodrigo Forselledo, Seiji Ohshimo, Bernardo Perez, Felipe Carvalho, Andrés Domingo, Evgeny V. Romanov, Ciara Wögerbauer, Wen-Pei Tsai, Federico Mas, Rui Coelho, Aldrin Masawbi Mwilima, Charlene da Silva, Pascal Bach, Fábio H. V. Hazin, Philippe S. Sabarros, Miguel N. Santos, Blanca García-Cortés, Enric Cortés, Pedro G. Lino, William Roche, Victoria Ortiz de Zárate, A. Ramos-Cartelle, Freddy Arocha, Kwang-Ming Liu, Dean L. Courtney, Direccion Nacional de Recursos Acuaticos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Av. Dom Manuel s/n, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, fishery observer programmes, Sede Central IEO, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Fish measurement, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Peninsula, size distribution, Temperate climate, Pesquerías, 14. Life underwater, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, pelagic fisheries, spatial distribution, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Swordfish, Prionace glauca, Tropics, Pelagic zone, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Cosmopolitan distribution, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is the most frequently captured shark in pelagic oceanic fisheries, especially pelagic longlines targeting swordfish and/or tunas. As part of cooperative scientific efforts for fisheries and biological data collection, information from fishery observers, scientific projects and surveys, and from recreational fisheries from several nations in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans was compiled. Data sets included information on location, size and sex, in a total of 478,220 blue shark records collected between 1966 and 2014. Sizes ranged from 36 to 394 cm fork length. Considerable variability was observed in the size distribution by region and season in both oceans. Larger blue sharks tend to occur in equatorial and tropical regions, and smaller specimens in higher latitudes in temperate waters. Differences in sex ratios were also detected spatially and seasonally. Nursery areas in the Atlantic seem to occur in the temperate south-east off South Africa and Namibia, in the south-west off southern Brazil and Uruguay, and in the north-east off the Iberian Peninsula and the Azores. Parturition may occur in the tropical north-east off West Africa. In the Indian Ocean, nursery areas also seem to occur in temperate waters, especially in the southwest Indian Ocean off South Africa, and in the south-east off south-western Australia. The distributional patterns presented in this study provide a better understanding of how blue sharks segregate by size and sex, spatially and temporally, and improve the scientific advice to help adopt more informed and efficient management and conservation measures for this cosmopolitan species., Sí
Published: 2017

16. Can we make human plague history? A call to action

Author: Holger C. Scholz, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Inès Vigan-Womas, Y Yazadanpanah, C Demeure, Peter Horby, Paul S. Mead, Eric Bertherat, G Carrara, A Fontanet, Nils Christian Stenseth, Ratsitorahina M, Xavier Vallès, Romain Girod, J Hinnebusch, Angulo Joc., Eric D'Ortenzio, Javier Pizarro-Cerdá, Laurence Baril, Jane Lynda Deuve, Steven R. Belmain, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Unité Peste - Plague Unit [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Yersinia, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre National de Référence de la Peste et autres Yersinioses - National Reference Center Plague and Yersinioses (CNR), University of Greenwich, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories NIH-NIAID Hamilton, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), REACTing, Division International, Oficina General de Epidemiologia [Lima, Peru], Ministerio de Salud de Perú [Lima], Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemic Diseases Research Group (ERGO), Demeure, Christian E., Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)
Subjects: Pneumonic plague, Population, Wildlife disease, Bubonic plague, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.IMM.VAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, education, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, lcsh:R5-920, biology, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Mortality rate, Zoonosis, public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, R1, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Yersinia pestis, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, [SDV.IMM.IA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Commentary, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, epidemiology, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 0305 other medical science, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology
Abstract: Plague is a communicable rodent-borne disease caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative bacillus member of the Enterobacteriaceae\ud family. As a zoonosis, plague is primarily a wildlife disease that occasionally spills over to the human population, resulting in seasonal surges in human cases and localised outbreaks. The predominant clinical form among humans is bubonic plague, which,\ud if untreated, has a lethality of 60%–90% but is readily treatable with antibiotics, reducing the death rate to around 5% if administered shortly after the infection. One to two per cent of all bubonic cases develop into secondary pneumonic plague, which in turn may be transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets, producing primary pneumonic plague in close contacts.\ud Without antibiotic treatment, pneumonic plague is nearly 100% fatal, but early antibiotic treatment substantially improves survival. Today, Y. pestis is present in at least 26 countries, with more than 30 different flea vectors and over 200 mammal host species. Although human plague cases continue to be reported from Asia and the Americas, most cases currently occur in remote, rural areas\ud of sub-Saharan Africa, mostly in Democratic Republic of Congo and Madagascar (around300–500 per year). However, large-scale\ud transmission may also occur. During the 14th century, the Black Death, caused by Y. pestis, is estimated to have killed 30%–40% of the European population. It is important to emphasise that human\ud plague is mostly a poverty-related disease. Therefore, given that population density and the absolute number of people living in extreme poverty are both increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, there is no likelihood of plague being eliminated as a public health threat in the foreseeable future. However, the WHO does not consider plague to be either a neglected tropical disease or a ‘priority pathogen’ that poses a public health risk because of its epidemic potential. In September 2017, an unprecedented urban outbreak of pneumonic plague was declared in Madagascar, striking primarily its capital Antananarivo and the major seaport of Toamasina. This episode once again brought international attention to plague, reminding\ud us of the capacity for human plague to spread in urban settings and cause substantial societal and economic disruption. This should\ud raise alarm bells that a research agenda is needed.
Published: 2019

17. Size-dependent harvesting modifies the trophic niche of medaka Oryzias latipes in a mesocosm experiment

Author: Evangelista, C, Dupeu, J, Sandkjenn, J, Diaz Pauli, B, Herland, A, Meriguet, J, Vøllestad, L, Edeline, Eric, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), European Society for Evolutionary Biology, Edeline, Eric, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

18. Comment choisir ou déterminer des facteurs d'amplification trophique pour application dans le cadre de la DCE en pratique

Author: Derek C. G. Muir, Karen A. Kidd, Michelle R. Embry, Katrine Borgå, Olivier Perceval, Marc Babut, Lawrence P. Burkhard, Heinz Ruedel, Kent B. Woodburn, MCMASTER UNIVERSITY HAMILTON CAN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), MID CONTINENT ECOLOGY DIVISION NATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS LABORATORY US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY DULUTH MINNESOTA USA, RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE CANADA BURLINGTON ONTARIO CAN, FRENCH AGENCY FOR BIODIVERSITY VINCENNES FRA, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), DOW CHEMICAL MIDLAND MICHIGAN USA, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES INSTITUTE WASHINGTON DC USA, HESI, Stephen A. Jarislowsky Foundation, and Publica
Subjects: Food Chain, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, TROPHIC MAGNIFICATION FACTOR, Article, Food chain, Water Quality, Animals, media_common.cataloged_instance, Environmental impact assessment, European Union, 14. Life underwater, European union, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARD, Environmental quality, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, Trophic level, Conservation of Water Resources, business.industry, Decision Trees, Environmental resource management, Fishes, General Medicine, BIOACCUMULATION, 6. Clean water, Water Framework Directive, 13. Climate action, WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Water quality, business, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: European Union Directive 2013/39/EU, which amended and updated the Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and its daughter directive (2008/105/EC), sets Environmental Quality Standards for biota (EQSbiota ) for a number of bioaccumulative chemicals. These chemicals pose a threat to both aquatic wildlife and human health via the consumption of contaminated prey or the intake of contaminated food originating from the aquatic environment. EU member states will need to establish programs to monitor the concentration of 11 priority substances in biota and assess compliance against these new standards for the classification of surface water bodies. An EU-wide guidance effectively addresses the implementation of EQSbiota . Flexibility is allowed in the choice of target species used for monitoring to account for both diversity of habitats and aquatic community composition across Europe. According to that guidance, the consistency and comparability of monitoring data across member states should be enhanced by adjusting the data on biota contaminant concentrations to a standard trophic level by use of the appropriate trophic magnification factor (TMF), a metric of contaminant biomagnification through the food web. In this context, the selection of a TMF value for a given substance is a critical issue, because this field-derived measure of trophic magnification can show variability related to the characteristics of ecosystems, the biology and ecology of organisms, the experimental design, and the statistical methods used for TMF calculation. This paper provides general practical advice and guidance for the selection or determination of TMFs for reliable application within the context of the WFD (i.e., adjustment of monitoring data and EQS derivation). Based on a series of quality attributes for TMFs, a decision tree is presented to help end users select a reasonable and relevant TMF. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:266-277. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Published: 2019

19. Practical Advice for Selecting or Determining Trophic - Magnification Factors for Application Under the European Union Water Framework Directive

Author: Kidd, K.A., Burkhard, L.P., Babut, Marc, Borga, K., Muir, D.C.G., Perceval, O., Ruedel, H., Woodburn, K., Embry, M.E., MCMASTER UNIVERSITY HAMILTON CAN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), MID CONTINENT ECOLOGY DIVISION NATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS LABORATORY US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY DULUTH MINNESOTA USA, RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE CANADA BURLINGTON ONTARIO CAN, FRENCH AGENCY FOR BIODIVERSITY VINCENNES FRA, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), DOW CHEMICAL MIDLAND MICHIGAN USA, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES INSTITUTE WASHINGTON DC USA, HESI, and Stephen A. Jarislowsky Foundation
Subjects: WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, BIOACCUMULATION, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARD, TROPHIC MAGNIFICATION FACTOR
Abstract: International audience; European Union Directive 2013/39/EU, which amended and updated theWater Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and its daughter directive (2008/105/EC), sets Environmental Quality Standards for biota (EQSbiota) for a number of bioaccumulative chemicals. These chemicals pose a threat toboth aquatic wildlife andhumanhealth via the consumptionof contaminated prey or the intake of contaminated food originating from the aquatic environment. EU member states will need to establish programs to monitor the concentration of 11 priority substances in biota and assess compliance against these new standards for the classification of surface water bodies. An EU-wide guidance effectively addresses the implementation of EQSbiota. Flexibility is allowed in the choice of target species used for monitoring to account for both diversity of habitats and aquatic community composition across Europe. According to that guidance, the consistency and comparability of monitoring data across member states should be enhanced by adjusting the data on biota contaminant concentrations to a standard trophic level by use of the appropriate trophic magnification factor (TMF), ametric of contaminant biomagnification through the food web. In this context, the selection of a TMF value for a given substance is a critical issue, because this field-derivedmeasure of trophicmagnification can show variability related to the characteristics of ecosystems, the biology and ecology of organisms, the experimental design, and the statistical methods used for TMF calculation. This paper provides general practical advice and guidance for the selection or determination of TMFs for reliable application within the context of the WFD (i.e., adjustment of monitoring data and EQS derivation). Based on a series of quality attributes for TMFs, a decision tree is presented to help endusers select a reasonable and relevantTMF.
Published: 2019

20. Transmission dynamics of re-emerging rabies in domestic dogs of rural China

Author: Hua Tan, Bernard Cazelles, Qiqi Yang, Philippe Lemey, Huaiyu Tian, Weihong Yang, Yuzhen Zhang, Yidan Li, Mandev S. Gill, Yun Feng, Bram Vrancken, Hailin Zhang, Oliver G. Pybus, Simon Dellicour, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Yun-Zhi Zhang, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Biology and Ecology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Rural Population, RNA viruses, Viral Diseases, medicine.disease_cause, Virologie générale, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, law.invention, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Zoonoses, Immunologie, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, Dog Diseases, Biology (General), Phylogeny, Mammals, Parasitologie, Geography, Death rates, Zoonosis, Eukaryota, Pets, 3. Good health, Phylogeography, Transmission (mechanics), Infectious Diseases, Biogeography, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Vertebrates, Viruses, Vaccination and immunization, Pathogens, Biologie, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, China, Asia, QH301-705.5, Rabies, Animal Types, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Population Metrics, Environmental health, Virology, medicine, Genetics, Animals, Rabies transmission, Microbial Pathogens, Molecular Biology, Evolutionary Biology, Pets and companion animals, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Population Biology, Rabies virus, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Virologie médicale, Organisms, Outbreak, Biologie moléculaire, Biology and Life Sciences, RC581-607, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Amniotes, People and Places, Earth Sciences, Biological dispersal, Lyssavirus, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Preventive Medicine, Rural area, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Microbiologie et protistologie [bacteriol.virolog.mycolog.], Zoology, Population Genetics
Abstract: Despite ongoing efforts to control transmission, rabies prevention remains a challenge in many developing countries, especially in rural areas of China where re-emerging rabies is under-reported due to a lack of sustained animal surveillance. By taking advantage of detailed genomic and epidemiological data for the re-emerging rabies outbreak in Yunnan Province, China, collected between 1999 and 2015, we reconstruct the demographic and dispersal history of domestic dog rabies virus (RABV) as well as the dynamics of dog-to-dog and dog-to-human transmission. Phylogeographic analyses reveal a lower diffusion coefficient than previously estimated for dog RABV dissemination in northern Africa. Furthermore, epidemiological analyses reveal transmission rates between dogs, as well as between dogs and humans, lower than estimates for Africa. Finally, we show that reconstructed epidemic history of RABV among dogs and the dynamics of rabid dogs are consistent with the recorded human rabies cases. This work illustrates the benefits of combining phylogeographic and epidemic modelling approaches for uncovering the spatiotemporal dynamics of zoonotic diseases, with both approaches providing estimates of key epidemiological parameters., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018

21. Low but contrasting neutral genetic differentiation shaped by winter temperature in European great tits

Author: Blandine Doligez, Ben C. Sheldon, Eduardo J. Belda, Verena Saladin, Jan Komdeur, Marcel E. Visser, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Camilla A. Hinde, Richard Ubels, Arnaud Grégoire, Charles Perrier, Erik Matthysen, Tapio Eeva, Joost M. Tinbergen, Emilio Barba, Raivo Mänd, Heinz Richner, Ana Cláudia Norte, Mariusz Cichoń, Natalia Pitala, Mélissa Lemoine, Tore Slagsvold, Anne Charmantier, Kees van Oers, Kay Lucek, Arild Johnsen, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland], University of Bern, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Antwerp (UA), Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva (ICBiBE), Universitat de València (UV), Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras [Universitat Politècnica de València] (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Turku, Department of Animal Sciences [Wageningen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Behavioural Ecology Group, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary studies [Groningen], University of Groningen [Groningen], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE UC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), University of Oxford [Oxford], Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, The study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (3100A0-102017 to HR, P2BEP3_152103 to KL and PMPDP3_151361/161858 to ML). All samples were collected under licenses of national authorities and financially supported by the Academy of Finland grant (to NP and 265859 to TE), the Netherland Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO-VICI 86503003 to JK and NWO-VICI to MV), the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (Horizon grant to KvO), the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA 75618 to JT), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (IUT 34-8 to RM), the OSU-OREME, the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CGL2010-21933-CO-02 to EB), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/13594/2003 to ACN) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-08-JCJC-0041-01 to BD)., ANR-08-JCJC-0041,EPICE,Evolutionary Potential In Changing Environments - a quantitative genetic approach(2008), Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Komdeur lab, Both group, Conservation Ecology Group, and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, SELECTION, ZOOLOGIA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], FLOW, SOFTWARE, 01 natural sciences, microsatellites, Behavioral Ecology, LOCAL ADAPTATION, Parus major, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, Latitude, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Isolation-by-distance, latitude, PE&RC, Gedragsecologie, WILD BIRD POPULATION, international, Genetic structure, Gene pool, winter severity, Population, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Biology, PARUS-MAJOR, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Population genetic structure, Fokkerij en Genomica, Microsatellites, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Local adaptation, Isolation by distance, isolation-by-distance, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Genetic diversity, F-statistics, Genetic divergence, Winter severity, 030104 developmental biology, PARTIAL MIGRATION, NATAL DISPERSAL, RE-IMPLEMENTATION, WIAS, 570 Life sciences, biology, ta1181
Abstract: Gene flow is usually thought to reduce genetic divergence and impede local adaptation by homogenising gene pools between populations. However, evidence for local adaptation and phenotypic differentiation in highly mobile species, experiencing high levels of gene flow, is emerging. Assessing population genetic structure at different spatial scales is thus a crucial step towards understanding mechanisms underlying intraspecific differentiation and diversification. Here, we studied the population genetic structure of a highly mobile species - the great tit Parus major - at different spatial scales. We analysed 884 individuals from 30 sites across Europe including 10 close-by sites (< 50 km), using 22 microsatellite markers. Overall we found a low but significant genetic differentiation among sites (F-ST = 0.008). Genetic differentiation was higher, and genetic diversity lower, in south-western Europe. These regional differences were statistically best explained by winter temperature. Overall, our results suggest that great tits form a single patchy metapopulation across Europe, in which genetic differentiation is independent of geographical distance and gene flow may be regulated by environmental factors via movements related to winter severity. This might have important implications for the evolutionary trajectories of sub-populations, especially in the context of climate change, and calls for future investigations of local differences in costs and benefits of philopatry at large scales. (C) 2016 The Linnean Society of London, The study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (3100A0-102017 to HR, P2BEP3_152103 to KL and PMPDP3_151361/161858 to ML). We thank L. Gustafsson and J. Forsman who kindly allowed us to use their nest boxes. We gratefully thank E. Bezault, L. Cornetti and two anonymous reviewers for valuable advice on genetic analyses and helpful comments on the manuscript. All samples were collected under licenses of national authorities and financially supported by the Academy of Finland grant (to NP and 265859 to TE), the Netherland Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO-VICI 86503003 to JK and NWO-VICI to MV), the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (Horizon grant to KvO), the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA 75618 to JT), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (IUT 34-8 to RM), the OSU-OREME, the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CGL2010-21933-CO-02 to EB), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/13594/2003 to ACN) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-08-JCJC-0041-01 to BD).
Published: 2016

22. Genetic Structure and Effective Population Sizes in European Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) at a Continental Scale: Insights from Microsatellite DNA

Author: Nikica Sprĕm, Frank E. Zachos, Sabine Bertouille, Ralph Kuehn, Magdalena Niedziałkowska, Alain C. Frantz, Javier Pérez-González, Marie-Christine Flamand, Anna Skog, Marc Colyn, Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg (MNHN), New Mexico State University, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Service Public de Wallonie, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Mammal Research Institute, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), and Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cervus elaphus, Population genetics, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, microsatellites, 03 medical and health sciences, Effective population size, Red deer, effective population sizes, genetic diversity, ungulate, Europe, Genetic variation, Genetics, Animals, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, Genetics (clinical), Population Density, Genetic diversity, Geography, Ecology, Deer, Genetic Variation, 15. Life on land, Phylogeography, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, Threatened species, Microsatellite, Original Article, effective population size, Microsatellite Repeats, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; We analysed more than 600 red deer (Cervus elaphus) from large parts of its European distribution range at 13 microsatellite loci, presenting the first continent-wide study of this species using nuclear markers. Populations were clearly differentiated (overall FST = 0.166, Jost's Dest = 0.385), and the BAPS clustering algorithm yielded mainly geographically limited and adjacent genetic units. When forced into only three genetic clusters our data set produced a very similar geographic pattern as previously found in mtDNA phylogeographic studies: a western group from Iberia to central and parts of Eastern Europe, an eastern group from the Balkans to Eastern Europe and a third group including the threatened relict populations from Sardinia and Mesola in Italy. This result was also confirmed by a multivariate approach to analysing our data set, a discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). Calculations of genetic diversity and effective population sizes (linkage-disequilibrium approach) yielded the lowest results for Italian (Sardinia, Mesola; Ne between two and eight) and Scandinavian red deer, in line with known bottlenecks in these populations. Our study is the first to present comparative nuclear genetic data in red deer across Europe and may serve as a baseline for future analyses of genetic diversity and structuring in this widespread ungulate
Published: 2016

23. The island rule of body size demonstrated on individual hosts : phytophagous click beetle species grow larger and predators smaller on phylogenetically isolated trees

Author: Philippe Vernon, Alexandre Depoilly, Richard I. Bailey, Andrea Jarzabek-Müller, Freerk Molleman, Andreas Prinzing, Jörg Müller, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Click beetle, Insular biogeography, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, phenotypic plasticity, Fluctuating asymmetry, 03 medical and health sciences, forest, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Local adaptation, Phenotypic plasticity, plant–animal interactions, Ecology, biology, Community, Phylogenetic tree, island biogeography, Microevolution, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, digestive system diseases, microevolution, 030104 developmental biology, vegetation diversity, Elateridae, Elateridae forest, dispersal selection, plant-animal interactions, Unit beheer Alterra, community ecology, local adaptation
Abstract: International audience; Aim Under spatial isolation on oceanic islands, species tend to show extreme body sizes. From the point of view of many colonizers, individual hosts surrounded by phylogenetically distant neighbours are phylogenetically isolated. This study addresses for the first time how phylogenetic isolation of individual hosts affects body size of colonizers, and whether effects on body size reflect selection among colonizers established on host individuals rather than selection among colonizers dispersing toward trees or phenotypic plasticity of colonizers. Location Rennes National Forest, Western France. Methods We sampled click beetles (Elateridae) on individual oak trees varying in phylogenetic isolation from their neighbours and in age. We measured body size and fluctuating asymmetry (which we found to correlate to reduced body size) and related both to phylogenetic isolation and age of trees. We compared these relationships among species of different larval trophic position and adult body size, using meta-analytical approaches. Results Within species, body size changes with phylogenetic isolation of individual host trees: root feeders tend to become larger, predators smaller. Effects were independent of mean body-size, disappeared with tree age, and were inconsistent with patterns of fluctuating asymmetry. Main conclusions Our results are consistent with body-size selection among colonizers established on individual trees, rather than selection among colonizers dispersing toward trees or phenotypic plasticity. Overall, phenotype patterns of animals across islands in the ocean may resemble those across host individuals in a phylogenetically distant neighbourhood, suggesting micro-evolution of colonizers in response to the macro-evolutionary structure of the host community.
Published: 2016

24. Human plague: An old scourge that needs new answers

Author: Steven R. Belmain, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Oswaldo Cabanillas, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Peter Horby, Christian E. Demeure, Sandra Telfer, Xavier Vallès, Beza Ramasindrazana, Ratsitorahina M, Inès Vigan-Womas, Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, Pablo Tortosa, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Laurence Baril, Javier Pizarro-Cerdá, David M. Wagner, Arnaud Fontanet, Eric D'Ortenzio, Jane Lynda Deuve, Romain Girod, Paul S. Mead, Holger C. Scholz, B. Joseph Hinnebusch, Guia Carrara, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Yersinia, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), University of Oxford, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Oficina General de Epidemiologia [Lima, Peru], Ministerio de Salud de Perú [Lima], Unité Peste - Plague Unit [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Unité d'immunologie des maladies infectieuses [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Aberdeen, REACTing, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natural Resources Institute [Chatham], University of Greenwich, The workshop meeting where the contents of this article were developed was hosted by the Institut Pasteur (Paris, France) with financial and organizational support from the Department of International Affairs, the Emerging Disease Epidemiology Unit, the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit and REACTing-Inserm. Oswaldo Cabanillas’s travel was financed by the Department of International Affairs at the Institut Pasteur (Paris, France). Travel costs for Laurence Baril and Maherisoa Ratsitorahina were financially supported by USAID (Grant n° AID-687-G-13-00003), and for Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanan and Minoarisoa Rajerison by Northern Arizona University (through HDTRA1-11-16-BRCWMD-BAA). Attendance of Steven Belmain was supported by the African Union (Grant AURGII/1/006/2016). Travel and accommodation for Feno Rakotoarimanana, and accommodation for Romain Girod, Beza Ramasindrazana, Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, and Minoarisoa Rajerison, were financially supported by the Wellcome Trust/UK Department for International Development (Grant 211309/Z/18/Z) and REACTing-Inserm. All other participants financially supported travel and accommodation through their own institutional funding. The preparation and editing of the manuscript was financially supported by Wellcome Trust/UK Department for International Development (Grant 211309/Z/18/Z)., List of the other participants to the Plague Workshop (by alphabetical order): Fabrice Biot, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, France, Carine Brouat, IRD, France, Simon Cauchemez, Infectious Diseases Mathematical Modelling Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Rob Cohen, USAID, Washington, DC, USA, Koussay Dellagy, Department of International Affairs, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Nathalie Denoyes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Hebert Echenique-Rivera, Yersinia Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Florence Fouque, TDR, WHO, Lyon, France, Stephen Francesconi, Defence Threat Reduction Agency, Washington, DC, USA, Anna Funk, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Finnian Hanrahan, DG Research, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium, Mireille Harimalala, Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Nadia Khellef, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Anne-Sophie Le Guern, Yersinia Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Nadine Lemaitre, Bacteriology Department, CHU Lille, France, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, CIBU, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Jodie Mac Vernon, GLoPID-R, University of Melbourne, Australia, Serge Morand, CIRAD, Bangkok, Thailand, Birgit Nikolay, Infectious Diseases Mathematical Modelling Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Juliette Paireau, Infectious Diseases Mathematical Modelling Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Anna Paoletti, Ministry for Higher Education and Research, Paris, France, Feno MJ Rakotoarimanana, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Zely Randriamanatany, Ministry of Public Health, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Laurent Raskine, Fondation Mérieux, Stéphanie Simon, CEA de Saclay, France, Cathy Roth, Department for International Development, London, UK, Alex Salam, Epidemic Diseases Research Group Oxford (ERGO), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Florent Sebbane, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France, Christophe Shako, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Democratic Republic of Congo, Quirine Ten Bosch, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Kathleen Victoir, Department of International Affairs, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Demeure, Christian E., Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)
Subjects: Epidemiology, RC955-962, MESH: Rodentia, Review, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Disease Outbreaks, Medical Conditions, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Case fatality rate, Public and Occupational Health, MESH: Animals, media_common, Mammals, Eukaryota, Neglected Diseases, Bacterial Pathogens, 3. Good health, One Health, Geography, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Medical Microbiology, Public aspects of medicine, S1, Yersinia Pestis, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, MESH: Yersinia pestis, Rodentia, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Vaccine Development, Madagascar, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Humans, Bacteria, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Outbreak, medicine.disease, Invertebrates, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Insect Vectors, 030104 developmental biology, Vector (epidemiology), Africa, Preventive Medicine, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, Bacterial Diseases, 0301 basic medicine, Economic growth, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Geographical Locations, MESH: Madagascar, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, biology, Vaccination and Immunization, Yersinia, Insects, Infectious Diseases, Fleas, [SDV.IMM.IA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Vertebrates, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Siphonaptera, Psychological resilience, RA1-1270, Pathogens, Pneumonic plague, Arthropoda, Pneumonic Plagues, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Insect Vectors, Plague (disease), Rodents, MESH: Plague, [SDV.IMM.VAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, medicine, Animals, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Disease Reservoirs, Plague, MESH: Siphonaptera, biology.organism_classification, Plagues, Yersinia pestis, 13. Climate action, People and Places, Amniotes, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Neglected Diseases, Zoology, Entomology
Abstract: Yersinia pestis, the bacterial causative agent of plague, remains an important threat to human health. Plague is a rodent-borne disease that has historically shown an outstanding ability to colonize and persist across different species, habitats, and environments while provoking sporadic cases, outbreaks, and deadly global epidemics among humans. Between September and November 2017, an outbreak of urban pneumonic plague was declared in Madagascar, which refocused the attention of the scientific community on this ancient human scourge. Given recent trends and plague’s resilience to control in the wild, its high fatality rate in humans without early treatment, and its capacity to disrupt social and healthcare systems, human plague should be considered as a neglected threat. A workshop was held in Paris in July 2018 to review current knowledge about plague and to identify the scientific research priorities to eradicate plague as a human threat. It was concluded that an urgent commitment is needed to develop and fund a strong research agenda aiming to fill the current knowledge gaps structured around 4 main axes: (i) an improved understanding of the ecological interactions among the reservoir, vector, pathogen, and environment; (ii) human and societal responses; (iii) improved diagnostic tools and case management; and (iv) vaccine development. These axes should be cross-cutting, translational, and focused on delivering context-specific strategies. Results of this research should feed a global control and prevention strategy within a “One Health” approach., Author summary The historical aspect of plague makes for fascinating reading, due to its capacity to disrupt human society and its socioeconomic and cultural impacts throughout human history. We argue that the Madagascar outbreak in 2017 is a tipping point in human plague epidemiology and a call to elevate research priorities on plague as a matter of some urgency. In contrast with what occurred with the Ebola virus disease crisis in West Africa between 2013 and 2015 and the new coronaviruses (the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV] and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [MERS-CoV] as early warnings of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] pandemic), we have an opportunity to act preventively and enable evidence-based measures to avoid major health crises due to plague outbreaks in the near future.
Published: 2020

25. Density feedbacks mediate effects of environmental change on population dynamics of a semidesert rodent

Author: Cindy I. Canale, Chloé R. Nater, Arpat Ozgul, Koen J. van Benthem, Carsten Schradin, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Childs, Dylan, and Nater, Chloé R
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Evolution, Climate Change, Population, Population Dynamics, Climate change, Rodentia, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Mice, Behavior and Systematics, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Demography, 2. Zero hunger, Population Density, education.field_of_study, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Population size, 15. Life on land, Density dependence, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Population model, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Vital rates, 1103 Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract: 1. Population dynamics are the result of an interplay between extrinsic and intrinsic environmental drivers. Predicting the effects of environmental change on wildlife populations therefore requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms through which different environmental drivers interact to generate changes in population size and structure. 2. In this study, we disentangled the roles of temperature, food availability and population density in shaping short‐ and long‐term population dynamics of the African striped mouse, a small rodent inhabiting a semidesert with high intra‐ and interannual variation in environmental conditions. 3. We parameterized a female‐only stage‐structured matrix population model with vital rates depending on temperature, food availability and population density, using monthly mark–recapture data from 1609 mice trapped over 9 years (2005–2014). We then applied perturbation analyses to determine relative strengths and demographic pathways of these drivers in affecting population dynamics. Furthermore, we used stochastic population projections to gain insights into how three different climate change scenarios might affect size, structure and persistence of this population. 4. We identified food availability, acting through reproduction, as the main driver of changes in both short‐ and long‐term population dynamics. This mechanism was mediated by strong density feedbacks, which stabilized the population after high peaks and allowed it to recover from detrimental crashes. Density dependence thus buffered the population against environmental change, and even adverse climate change scenarios were predicted to have little effect on population persistence (extinction risk over 100 years
Published: 2018

26. Rapid Divergence of Genome Architectures Following the Origin of an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis in the Genus Amanita

Author: Anne Pringle, Matthieu Hainaut, Inger Skrede, Jaqueline Hess, Bernard Henrissat, Maryam Chaib De Mares, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), University of Oslo (UiO), University of Groningen [Groningen], Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Science Foundation 1021606, Research Council of Norway project 221840, and Van Elsas lab
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, caractérisation électromagnétique, LACCARIA-BICOLOR, Amanita, Adaptation, Biological, 01 natural sciences, Genome, gene gain, evolution of symbiosis, Convergent evolution, Phylogenomics, Mycorrhizae, oxidative metabolism, PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS, Phylogeny, Mutualism (biology), amanite, Vegetal Biology, BERBERINE BRIDGE ENZYME, phylogenomics, brucella inopinata, Biological Evolution, Cryptomonads, Genome, Fungal, DECAY MECHANISMS, MESSENGER-RNA, ectosymbiosis, Recurrent evolution, Genome evolution, symbiose ectomycorhizienne, mutualism, PROVIDES INSIGHTS, approche génomique, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Secondary endosymbiosis, Phylogenetics, ACCELERATED EVOLUTION, HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Cryptophytes, PLANT, convergent evolution, Symbiosis, Molecular Biology, Genome size, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Discoveries, inférence phylogénétique, genome architecture, gene loss, diversité fongique, 15. Life on land, DEGRADING ENZYMES, champignon saprophyte, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, gene regulation, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Fungi are evolutionary shape shifters and adapt quickly to new environments. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbioses are mutualistic associations between fungi and plants and have evolved repeatedly and independently across the fungal tree of life, suggesting lineages frequently reconfigure genome content to take advantage of open ecological niches. To date analyses of genomic mechanisms facilitating EM symbioses have involved comparisons of distantly related species, but here, we use the genomes of three EM and two asymbiotic (AS) fungi from the genus Amanita as well as an AS outgroup to study genome evolution following a single origin of symbiosis. Our aim was to identify the defining features of EM genomes, but our analyses suggest no clear differentiation of genome size, gene repertoire size, or transposable element content between EM and AS species. Phylogenetic inference of gene gains and losses suggests the transition to symbiosis was dominated by the loss of plant cell wall decomposition genes, a confirmation of previous findings. However, the same dynamic defines the AS species A. inopinata, suggesting loss is not strictly associated with origin of symbiosis. Gene expansions in the common ancestor of EM Amanita were modest, but lineage specific and large gene family expansions are found in two of the three EM extant species. Even closely related EM genomes appear to share few common features. The genetic toolkit required for symbiosis appears already encoded in the genomes of saprotrophic species, and this dynamic may explain the pervasive, recurrent evolution of ectomycorrhizal associations.
Published: 2018

27. Sex-specific differences in spring and autumn migration in a northern large herbivore

Author: Lucie Debeffe, Inger Maren Rivrud, Erling L. Meisingset, Atle Mysterud, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Centre for Advanced Study in Oslo, Norwegian Environment Agency, and Research Council of Norway
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Behavioural ecology, Biodiversité et Ecologie, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Article, Biodiversity and Ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Ecosystem, Herbivory, lcsh:Science, Herbivore, Multidisciplinary, Phenology, Ecology, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, Deer, Global warming, lcsh:R, Boreal ecology, 15. Life on land, Animal behaviour, Annual cycle, Sex specific, Population decline, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Q, Animal Migration, Female, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Ongoing global warming is now affecting migratory cycles in a large variety of taxa in seasonally variable environments. Disruption of migratory systems can cause population decline and affect ecosystem function across the globe. It is therefore urgent to understand the drivers of migration and how the different fitness limitations of the sexes affect migration, but studies seldom considered the full annual cycle. We analysed the annual migration cycle of 237 red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Norway and investigate how different seasonal limitations affected the variation in a suite of migration characteristics. We found fundamental differences in migration phenology between seasons, and migratory traits were much more variable in males. Spring migratory movements were characterized by longer distance roamed, lower speed, lasted longer, more frequent use of stopovers, timing was more synchronized and coincided with onset of plant growth, and with higher daily activity levels. Timing of autumn migration was more variable and not closely related to cease of plant growth. Our study emphasizes the benefits of studying the full annual cycle to gain further insight into the migration process, and how understanding the limitations of the full annual migration process of both sexes is critical for conservation purposes.
Published: 2018

28. Individual variability in contaminants and physiological status in a resident Arctic seabird species

Author: Katrine Borgå, Víctor Planas-Bielsa, Quentin Schull, Dorte Herzke, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Ane Haarr, Céline Le Bohec, Sandrine Zahn, Norith Eckbo, Nicholas A. Warner, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Scientifique de Monaco, LEA BioSensib, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (FRAM), High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), and Norwegian Polar Institute
Subjects: Chronic exposure, Pollutants, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Foraging, Zoology, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Birds, Svalbard, Charadriiformes, biology.animal, Animals, Incubation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Black guillemot, biology, Arctic Regions, General Medicine, Mercury, Contamination, Pollution, The arctic, Seabirds, Telomeres, Arctic, Oxidative stress, Polar regions, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Pollutants, Seabird, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: While migratory seabirds dominate ecotoxicological studies within the Arctic, there is limited knowledge about exposure and potential effects from circulating legacy and emerging contaminants in species who reside in the high-Arctic all year round. Here, we focus on the case of the Mandt's Black guillemot (Cepphus grylle mandtii) breeding at Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (79.00°N, 11.66°E) and investigate exposure to legacy and emerging contaminants in relation to individual physiological status, i.e. body condition, oxidative stress and relative telomere length. Despite its benthic-inshore foraging strategy, the Black guillemot displayed overall similar contaminant concentrations in blood during incubation (∑PCB11 (15.7 ng/g w.w.) > ∑PFAS5 (9.9 ng/g w.w.) > ∑Pesticides9 (6.7 ng/g w.w.) > ∑PBDE4 (2.7 ng/g w.w.), and Hg (0.3 μg/g d.w.) compared to an Arctic migratory seabird in which several contaminant-related stress responses have been observed. Black guillemots in poorer condition tended to display higher levels of contaminants, higher levels of reactive oxygen metabolites, lower plasmatic antioxidant capacity, and shorter telomere lengths; however the low sample size restrict any strong conclusions. Nevertheless, our data suggests that nonlinear relationships with a threshold may exist between accumulated contaminant concentrations and physiological status of the birds. These findings were used to build a hypothesis to be applied in future modelling for describing how chronic exposure to contaminants may be linked to telomere dynamics.
Published: 2018

29. General conclusion to the special issue Moving forward on individual heterogeneity

Author: Sandra Hamel, Hal Caswell, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Ron D Bassar, Oscar Vedder, Eric J. Gangloff, Phyllis C. Lee, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Mathieu Douhard, Sandra Bouwhuis, Olivier Gimenez, Ulrich K. Steiner, Isabel M. Smallegange, Yngvild Vindenes, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Avian Research, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI), and Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: 010601 ecology, 0106 biological sciences, Individual heterogeneity, Econometrics, Biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

30. Effects of water browning on zooplankton physiology and fitness driven by food characteristics in a long-term enclosure experiment

Author: Minguez, Laetitia, Sperfeld, Erik, Berger, Stella A., Nejstgaard, Jens C., Gessner, Mark O., Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), and MINGUEZ, Laetitia
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

31. Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements

Author: Wiebke Ullmann, Mark Hebblewhite, Aidin Niamir, Ilya R. Fischhoff, David W. Wattles, Emília Patrícia Medici, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Francesca Cagnacci, Jacob R. Goheen, Martin Rimmler, Sarah C. Davidson, Luca Pedrotti, Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Justin M. Calabrese, Christen H. Fleming, Niels Martin Schmidt, Abdullahi H. Ali, Matthew J. Kauffman, Laura R. Bidner, Rogério Cunha de Paula, Bart Kranstauber, John W. Wilson, John M. Fryxell, Navinder J. Singh, Hattie L. A. Bartlam-Brooks, Marlee A. Tucker, Benedikt Gehr, Roland Kays, Peter Leimgruber, Lynne A. Isbell, Nir Sapir, Ran Nathan, Martin Wikelski, Daniel I. Rubenstein, Todd E. Dennis, A. Catherine Markham, Marco Heurich, Alessandra Bertassoni, Stephen Blake, Stephen DeStefano, Ugo Mellone, Susanne A. Fritz, Iain Douglas-Hamilton, Eliezer Gurarie, William F. Fagan, Adam Kane, Tracey L. Rogers, Atle Mysterud, Dean E. Beyer, Björn Reineking, Tal Avgar, Christopher C. Wilmers, Dejid Nandintsetseg, Constança Camilo-Alves, João P. Silva, Duncan M. Kimuyu, Evelyn H. Merrill, George Wittemyer, Robert B. O'Hara, Sonia Saïd, Jenny Mattisson, Nina Attias, Ulrich Voigt, Wolfgang Fiedler, Peter M. Kappeler, Kamran Safi, Julian Fennessy, Kirk A. Olson, Florian Jeltsch, Nicolas Morellet, Christopher S. Rosenberry, Andrew M. Allen, Scott D. LaPoint, Agnieszka Sergiel, Guilherme Miranda de Mourão, Christina Fischer, Bruce D. Patterson, Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos, Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica, Samuel L. Díaz-Muñoz, Thomas Mueller, Thomas A. Morrison, Nuria Selva, Olav Strand, André Chiaradia, P J Nico de Bruyn, A. J. Mark Hewison, Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar, Enkhtuvshin Shiilegdamba, Petra Kaczensky, René Janssen, John Odden, Claudia Fichtel, Edward Hurme, Hall Sawyer, Chloe Bracis, Bram Van Moorter, Niels Blaum, Christian Hof, Siva R. Sundaresan, Erling Johan Solberg, Susan C. Alberts, John D. C. Linnell, Adam T. Ford, Orr Spiegel, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Christer Moe Rolandsen, Danielle D. Brown, Filip Zięba, Jerrold L. Belant, Pascual López-López, Jake Wall, Flávia Koch, Floris M. van Beest, Duane R. Diefenbach, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre [Germany], Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Institut of Zoology - Dept V - Univ. Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Department of Biology [USA], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Department of Integrative Biology [Canada], University of Guelph, Departments of Biology and Evolutionary Anthropology [Duke Univ., USA], Duke University, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of Maryland System, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Nationalparkverwaltung Bayerischer Wald, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Anthropology and Animal Behaviour Graduate Group, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Inst. Biochem. & Biol., University of Potsdam, Res. Inst. Wildlife Ecol., University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute [Ireland], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Group, University of Valencia, Grupo de Investigación Zoología de Vertebrados, CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CNERA Cervidés Sanglier (ONCFS), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa [Haifa], Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences [Israel], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Robert Bosch Foundation, Senckenberg Gesell Naturforsch, Goethe Univ, Univ Maryland, Univ Guelph, Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Duke Univ, Hirola Conservat Programme, Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Univ Alberta, Univ London, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Mississippi State Univ, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Univ Calif Davis, Aarhus Univ, Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Univ Potsdam, Middle Tennessee State Univ, Univ Pretoria, Fdn Edmund Mach, Harvard Univ, Natl Zool Pk, Univ Evora, Univ Montpellier, Phillip Isl Nat Parks, Monash Univ, Ohio State Univ, Fiji Natl Univ, Univ Massachusetts, Penn State Univ, Univ Oxford, Giraffe Conservat Fdn, German Primate Ctr, Tech Univ Munich, Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Univ British Columbia, Univ Zurich, Univ Wyoming, Univ Washington, Univ Montana, Bavarian Forest Natl Pk, Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Univ Toulouse, Bionet Natr Onderzoek, Univ Vet Med Vienna, Univ Coll Cork, North Carolina Museum Nat Sci, North Carolina State Univ, Karatina Univ, Univ Lethbridge, Columbia Univ, Univ Valencia, SUNY Stony Brook, TSG, IPE Inst Pesquisas Ecol Inst Ecol Res, Univ Alicante, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Chico Mendes Inst Conservat Biodivers, Univ Glasgow, NYU, Univ Oslo, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Field Museum Nat Hist, Consorzio Parco Nazl Stelvio, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Bayreuth, Natl Park Schwarzwald, Univ New South Wales, Penn Game Commiss, Princeton Univ, Univ Konstanz, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, Univ Haifa, Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Polish Acad Sci, Univ Porto, Univ Lisbon, Jackson Hole Conservat, Univ Vet Med Hannover, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Colorado State Univ, Tatra Natl Pk, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Laboratoire de Comportement et d'Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Ecology (disciplines), Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], Population, GPS telemetry, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Movement ecology, Footprint, Anthropocene, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, ddc:570, Animals, Humans, Human Activities, vertebrats fòssils, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, education, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mammals, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Geographic Information Systems, Trait, Animal Migration, Terrestrial ecosystem, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:44:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-26 Robert Bosch Foundation Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in areas with a low human footprint. We attribute this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not only population persistence but also ecosystem processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and disease transmission. Senckenberg Gesell Naturforsch, Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, D-60325 Frankfurt, Main, Germany Goethe Univ, Dept Biol Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Main, Germany Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland, SESYNC, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada Norwegian Inst Nat Res, POB 5685 Torgard, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA Duke Univ, Dept Evolut Anthropol, Durham, NC 27708 USA Hirola Conservat Programme, Garissa, Kenya Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Studies, S-90183 Umea, Sweden Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Anim Ecol & Physiol, Inst Water & Wetland Res, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Ecol & Conservat Grad Program, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada Univ London, Royal Vet Coll, Struct & Motion Lab, London NW1 0TU, England Wildlife Conservat Soc, Mongolia Program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS USA Sao Paulo State Univ, Anim Biol Postgra Program, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Michigan Dept Nat Resources, 1990 US 41 South, Marquette, MI 49855 USA Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anthropol, Davis, CA 95616 USA Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA Univ Potsdam, Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0028 Gauteng, South Africa Fdn Edmund Mach, Res & Innovat Ctr, Dept Biodivers & Mol Ecol, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, TN, Italy Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA Univ Evora, Depat Fitotecn, P-7002554 Evora, Portugal Univ Evora, ICAAM, Inst Mediterranean Agr & Environm Sci, Evora, Portugal Univ Montpellier, Univ Paul Valery Montpellier, CNRS,EPHE, Ctr Ecol Fonctionnelle & Evolut,UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France Phillip Isl Nat Parks, Cowes, Vic, Australia Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA Fiji Natl Univ, Dept Biol, POB 5529, Natabua, Lautoka, Fiji Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England Giraffe Conservat Fdn, POB 86099, Eros, Namibia German Primate Ctr, Behav Ecol & Sociobiol Unit, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Management, Restorat Ecol, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA Univ British Columbia, Irving K Barber Sch Arts & Sci, Unit 2, Biol, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA Bavarian Forest Natl Pk, Dept Conservat & Res, D-94481 Grafenau, Germany Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Wildlife Ecol & Management, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany Univ Toulouse, INRA, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan, France Univ Calif Davis, Anim Behav Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA Bionet Natr Onderzoek, NL-6171 EL Stein, Netherlands Univ Vet Med Vienna, Res Inst Wildlife Ecol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY USA North Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA Karatina Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, POB 195710101, Karatina, Kenya Univ Lethbridge, Dept Psychol, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA Univ Valencia, Terr Vertebrates Grp, Cavanilles Inst Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, E-46980 Valencia, Spain SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anthropol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA TSG, SSC, IUCN, Rua Licuala 622,Damha 1,Campo Grande, BR-79046150 Mato Grosso Sul, Brazil IPE Inst Pesquisas Ecol Inst Ecol Res, Caixa Postal 47, BR-12960000 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Alicante, Dept Ciencias Ambient & Recursos Natur, Vertebrates Zool Res Grp, Alicante, Spain Embrapa Pantanal, BR-79320900 Corumba, MS, Brazil Chico Mendes Inst Conservat Biodivers, Natl Res Ctr Carnivores Conservat, BR-12952011 Atiba, SP, Brazil Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland NYU, Dept Biol, Ctr Genom & Syst Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA Univ Calif Davis, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Inst Life Sci, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, Movement Ecol Lab, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Math Sci & Ctr Biodivers Dynam, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Dept Ecol, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Field Museum Nat Hist, Integrat Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA Consorzio Parco Nazl Stelvio, Bormio, Sondrio, Italy Univ Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, BP 76, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France Univ Bayreuth, BayCEER, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany Natl Park Schwarzwald, D-77889 Seebach, Germany Univ New South Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, D-78467 Constance, Germany Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, Studies & Expertise DRE, F-01330 Birieux, France Univ Haifa, Dept Evolutionary & Environm Biol, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nat Conservat, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland Univ Porto, CIBIO InBIO Associate Lab, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Agron, InBIO Associate Lab, Ctr Appl Ecol Prof Baeta Neves, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Environm Changes, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA Jackson Hole Conservat, Jackson, WY 83001 USA Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Terr & Aquat Wildlife Res, D-30173 Hannover, Germany Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Environm Studies Dept, Ctr Integrated Spatial Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0028 Hatfield, South Africa Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA Tatra Natl Pk, PL-34500 Zakopane, Poland Sao Paulo State Univ, Anim Biol Postgra Program, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
Published: 2018

32. Climate-driven range shifts of the king penguin in a fragmented ecosystem

Author: Xiaoming Liu, Yvon Le Maho, Pierre A. Pistorius, Francesco Bonadonna, Emiliano Trucchi, Virginie Raybaud, Yves Cherel, Nils Christian Stenseth, Robin Cristofari, Céline Le Bohec, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, LEA BioSensib, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECOMERS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology University of Ferrara, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), and University of Vienna [Vienna]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Ecological niche, Habitat fragmentation, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Ecology, Range (biology), Niche, Climate change, Ambientale, 15. Life on land, Population genomics, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, 13. Climate action, Animal migration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater
Abstract: International audience; Range shift is the primary short-term response of species to rapid climate change but it is hamperedby natural or anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. Fragmented habitats expose different criticalareas of a species niche to heterogeneous environmental changes resulting in uncoupled effects.Modelling species distribution under complex real-life scenarios and incorporating such uncoupledeffects has not been achieved yet. Here we identify the most vulnerable areas and the potential coldrefugia of a top-predator with fragmented niche range in the Southern ocean by integrating genomic,ecological and behavioural data with atmospheric and oceanographic models. Our integrative approachconstitutes an indispensable example for predicting the effect of global warming on speciesrelying on spatially and ecologically distinct areas to complete their life-cycle (e.g., migratory animals,marine pelagic organisms, central-place foragers) and, in general, on species constrained infragmented landscapes due to continuously-growing anthropogenic pressure.
Published: 2018

33. Two viruses, MCV1 and MCV2, which infect Marinitoga bacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents: functional and genomic analysis

Author: Mercier, Coraline, Lossouarn, Julien, Nesbø, Camilla L., Haverkamp, Thomas H. A., Baudoux, Anne-Claire, Jebbar, Mohamed, Bienvenu, Nadège, Thiroux, Sarah, Dupont, Samuel, Geslin, Claire, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire de microbiologie des environnements extrêmophiles (LM2E), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités (COMUE), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Ministry of Higher Education, Brittany region, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, project Thermovesicles [ANR-12-BSV3-OO23-01], and Norwegian Research Council [180444/V40]
Subjects: Bacteria, Anaerobic, Hydrothermal Vents, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Bacteriophages, Seawater, Genome, Viral, Water Microbiology, Archaea, Phylogeny
Abstract: International audience; Viruses represent a driving force in the evolution of microorganisms including those thriving in extreme environments. However, our knowledge of the viral diversity associated to microorganisms inhabiting the deep-sea hydrothermal vents remains limited. The phylum of Thermotogae, including thermophilic bacteria, is well represented in this environment. Only one virus was described in this phylum, MPV1 carried by Marinitoga piezophila. In this study, we report on the functional and genomic characterization of two new bacterioviruses that infect bacteria from the Marinitoga genus. Marinitoga camini virus 1 and 2 (MCV1 and MCV2) are temperate siphoviruses with a linear dsDNA genome of 53.4 kb and 50.5 kb respectively. Here, we present a comparative genomic analysis of the MCV1 and MCV2 viral genomes with that of MPV1. The results indicate that even if the host strains come from geographically distant sites, their genomes share numerous similarities. Interestingly, heavy metals did not induce viral production, instead the host of MCV1 produced membrane vesicles. This study highlights interaction of mobile genetic elements (MGE) with their hosts and the importance of including hosts-MGEs' relationships in ecological studies.
Published: 2018

34. Environmental drivers of varying selective optima in a small passerine: A multivariate, multiepisodic approach

Author: GAMELON, Marlène, Tufto, Jarle, Nilsson, Anna, Jerstad, Kurt, Røstad, Ole, Stenseth, Nils, Saether, Bernt-Erik, Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), and Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)
Subjects: selection episode, fluctuating environment, density dependence, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, egg-laying date, Clutch size
Abstract: International audience; In changing environments, phenotypic traits are shaped by numerous agents of selection. The optimal phenotypic value maximizing the fitness of an individual thus varies through time and space with various environmental covariates. Selection may differ between different life-cycle stages and act on correlated traits inducing changes in the distribution of several traits simultaneously. Despite increasing interests in environmental sensitivity of phenotypic selection, estimating varying selective optima on various traits throughout the life cycle, while considering (a)biotic factors as potential selective agents has remained challenging. Here, we provide a statistical model to measure varying selective optima from longitudinal data. We apply our approach to analyze environmental sensitivity of phenotypic selection on egg-laying date and clutch size throughout the life cycle of a white-throated dipper population. We show the presence of a joint optimal phenotype that varies over the 35-year period, being dependent on altitude and temperature. We also find that optimal laying date is density-dependent, with high population density favoring earlier laying dates. By providing a flexible approach, widely applicable to free-ranging populations for which long-term data on individual phenotypes, fitness, and environmental factors are available, our study improves the understanding of phenotypic selection in varying environments.
Published: 2018

35. DNA damage in arctic seabirds: baseline, sensitivity to a genotoxic stressor and association to organohalogen contaminants

Author: Ane, Haarr, Ketil, Hylland, Norith, Eckbo, Gabrielsen, Geir Wing, Herzke, Dorte, Bustnes, Jan Ove, Blévin, Pierre, Chastel, Olivier, Moe, Borge, Hanssen, Sveinn Are, SAGERUP, Kjetil, Katrine, Borgå, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Norvegian Polar Research Institute [Norway] (NPRI), Norwegian Polar Institute, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), FRAM—High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Seabirds, Arctic, Perfluoroalkyl substances, Persistent organic pollutants, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Comet Assay, Genotoxicity
Abstract: International audience; Environmental contaminants are found throughout Arctic marine ecosystems, and their presence in seabirds has been associated with toxicological responses. However, there are few studies of genotoxicity in Arctic avian wildlife. The purpose of the present study was to quantify DNA damage in lymphocytes of selected seabird species and to examine whether accumulation of organohalogen contaminants ( OHCs) affects DNA damage. Blood was sampled from common eider (Somateria mollissima), black guillemot (Cepphus grylle), black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), arctic skua (Stercorarius parasiticus), and great skua (Stercorarius skua) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard.Contaminant concentrations found in the six species differed presumably due to foraging ecology and biomagnification. Despite large differences in contaminant concentrations, ranging from ΣOHCs 3.3 ng/g ww in the common eider to ΣOHCs 895 ng/g ww in the great skua, there was no strong difference among the species in baseline DNA damage or sensitivity to a genotoxic stressor (i.e. hydrogen peroxide). Baseline levels of DNA damage were low, with median values ranging from 1.7% in the common eider to 8.6% in the great skua. There were no associations between DNA damage and contaminants in the investigated species, suggesting that contaminant concentrations in Kongsfjorden are too low to evoke genotoxic effects, or possibly that lymphocytes are resistant to strand breakage. Clearly, genotoxicity is a topic for future studies of Arctic seabirds
Published: 2018

36. Integrative approach using Yersinia pestis genomes to revisit the historical landscape of plague during the Medieval Period

Author: Barbara Bramanti, Egil Lindhart Bauer, Michael Derrick, Elsa Pacciani, Sacha Kacki, Anne Østergaard Jensen, Samuel K. Cohn, Stephanie Hänsch, Luisa Quaglia, Claudio Ottoni, Meriam Guellil, Boris V. Schmid, Oliver Kersten, Marco Vermunt, Nils Christian Stenseth, Amine Namouchi, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), D.I.C.M.I., Universita degli studi di Genova, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Anthropology, and Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, DNA, Bacterial, Time Factors, Yersinia pestis, Population, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Socio-culturale, Genomics, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, plague, Medieval, ancient DNA, Yersinia pestis, Second Pandemic, Plague (disease), Settore BIO/08, Genome, Microbiology, Corrections, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, ancient DNA, medieval, plague, Second Pandemic, Pandemic, Humans, education, Pandemics, Phylogeny, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, biology, Fossils, Ambientale, Biological Sciences, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, History, Medieval, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Ancient DNA, PNAS Plus, Evolutionary biology, Genome, Bacterial, Medieval
Abstract: Significance While our knowledge of modern plague reservoirs and their hosts is extensive, we have little to no knowledge about the origin of the Medieval plague pandemics or the routes of transmission involved in their spread. Prior genomic data provide a patchy low-resolution picture of the transmission dynamics involved during the Second Plague Pandemic, with only five distinct genomes. We have reevaluated all Medieval strains under the light of archaeological and historical evidence to carefully discuss the involvement of different transmission routes during the Second Plague Pandemic. Our interpretation showcases the importance of trade routes and human movements and further supports the identification of Yersinia pestis as the pathogenic agent of the so-called pestis secunda (1357–1366)., Over the last few years, genomic studies on Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of all known plague epidemics, have considerably increased in numbers, spanning a period of about 5,000 y. Nonetheless, questions concerning historical reservoirs and routes of transmission remain open. Here, we present and describe five genomes from the second half of the 14th century and reconstruct the evolutionary history of Y. pestis by reanalyzing previously published genomes and by building a comprehensive phylogeny focused on strains attributed to the Second Plague Pandemic (14th to 18th century). Corroborated by historical and ecological evidence, the presented phylogeny, which includes our Y. pestis genomes, could support the hypothesis of an entry of plague into Western European ports through distinct waves of introduction during the Medieval Period, possibly by means of fur trade routes, as well as the recirculation of plague within the human population via trade routes and human movement.
Published: 2018

37. Interpreting the genomic landscape of speciation: a road map for finding barriers to gene flow

Author: Bernhard Mehlig, Anja M. Westram, Rui Faria, Marina Rafajlović, Mohamed A. F. Noor, Nicolas Bierne, Mark Ravinet, Roger K. Butlin, Juan Galindo, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Universidade do Porto, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona] (IBE / UPF - CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Vigo [ Pontevedra], Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Observatoire de REcherche Méditerranéen de l'Environnement (OSU OREME), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Duke University [Durham]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, population genomics, Genetic Speciation, reproductive isolation, MESH: Selection, Genetic, selection, Genomics, Biology, MESH: Reproduction, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Gene flow, Population genomics, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene density, Genetic algorithm, Animals, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genome, Selection, Genetic, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, MESH: Gene Flow, MESH: Genetic Speciation, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, genome scans, Reproduction, MESH: Genomics, genomic divergence, Reproductive isolation, Background selection, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, gene flow, speciation genomics
Abstract: International audience; Speciation, the evolution of reproductive isolation among populations, is continuous, complex, and involves multiple, interacting barriers. Until it is complete, the effects of this process vary along the genome and can lead to a heterogeneous genomic landscape with peaks and troughs of differentiation and divergence. When gene flow occurs during speciation, barriers restricting gene flow locally in the genome lead to patterns of heterogeneity. However, genomic heterogeneity can also be produced or modified by variation in factors such as background selection and selective sweeps, recombination and mutation rate variation, and heterogeneous gene density. Extracting the effects of gene flow, divergent selection and reproductive isolation from such modifying factors presents a major challenge to speciation genomics. We argue one of the principal aims of the field is to identify the barrier loci involved in limiting gene flow. We first summarize the expected signatures of selection at barrier loci, at the genomic regions linked to them and across the entire genome. We then discuss the modifying factors that complicate the interpretation of the observed genomic landscape. Finally, we end with a road map for future speciation research: a proposal for how to account for these modifying factors and to progress towards understanding the nature of barrier loci. Despite the difficulties of interpreting empirical data, we argue that the availability of promising technical and analytical methods will shed further light on the important roles that gene flow and divergent selection have in shaping the genomic landscape of speciation.
Published: 2017

38. Ecological plant epigenetics: Evidence from model and non-model species, and the way forward

Author: Sonja J. Prohaska, Koen J. F. Verhoeven, Claude Becker, Marie Mirouze, Christina L. Richards, Peter F. Stadler, Etienne Bucher, Christian Lampei, Walter Durka, Lars Opgenoorth, Emiliano Trucchi, Jan Engelhardt, Ovidiu Paun, Conchita Alonso, Bence Gáspár, Stefan A. Rensing, Ilkka Kronholm, Vít Latzel, Maria Colomé-Tatché, Kristian K. Ullrich, Andreas Gogol-Döring, Thomas P. van Gurp, Katrin Heer, Oliver Bossdorf, Ivo Grosse, University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing [Groningen] (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Institut für Informatik [Leipzig], Universität Leipzig, Institut für Informatik / Institute of Computer Science [Halle], Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, Universität Hohenheim, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna [Vienna], Santa Fe Institute, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies [Freiburg] (BIOSS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences (MPI-MiS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Inst Comp Sci, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Experimental Ecology Germany, Conservation Biology and Ecology, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe, Universität Paderborn (UPB), Department of Zoology [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Terrestrial Ecology (TE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, EPIGENOMIC DIVERSITY, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Species distribution, INDIVIDUAL VARIATION, Phenotypic plasticity, 01 natural sciences, Genome, phenotypic plasticity, Epigenesis, Genetic, DNA METHYLATION VARIATION, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, bioinformatiikka, genomiikka, Genomics, Plants, Bioinformatics, ecological epigenetics, genomics, response to environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Habitat, epigenetiikka, international, PHYSCOMITRELLA-PATENS, PERENNIAL HERB, kasviekologia, Ecological epigenetics, SEQUENCING DATA, Evolution, Ecology (disciplines), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Polyploid, Behavior and Systematics, kasvit, Epigenetics, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, HERB HELLEBORUS-FOETIDUS, Ecological Epigenetics, Phenotypic Plasticity, Response To Environment, Ambientale, Response to environment, DNA Methylation, 15. Life on land, Ecological realism, Plant ecology, 030104 developmental biology, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, Bioinformatics, ecological epigenetics, genomics, phenotypic plasticity, response to environment, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, NATURAL-POPULATIONS
Abstract: Growing evidence shows that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to complex traits, with implications across many fields of biology. In plant ecology, recent studies have attempted to merge ecological experiments with epigenetic analyses to elucidate the contribution of epigenetics to plant phenotypes, stress responses, adaptation to habitat, and range distributions. While there has been some progress in revealing the role of epigenetics in ecological processes, studies with non-model species have so far been limited to describing broad patterns based on anonymous markers of DNA methylation. In contrast, studies with model species have benefited from powerful genomic resources, which contribute to a more mechanistic understanding but have limited ecological realism. Understanding the significance of epigenetics for plant ecology requires increased transfer of knowledge and methods from model species research to genomes of evolutionarily divergent species, and examination of responses to complex natural environments at a more mechanistic level. This requires transforming genomics tools specifically for studying non-model species, which is challenging given the large and often polyploid genomes of plants. Collaboration among molecular geneticists, ecologists and bioinformaticians promises to enhance our understanding of the mutual links between genome function and ecological processes.
Published: 2017

39. DNA damage in dab (Limanda limanda) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) from European seas

Author: Bjørn Borge Skei, Jérémie Le Goff, Ketil Hylland, Thomas Lang, M. Gubbins, Gunnar Brunborg, Thierry Burgeot, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, Marine Scotland Science (MSS), Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements (ABTE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), ADn'tox, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, DNA damage, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Iceland, Flounder, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, European seas, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, DNA adduct, Dab, Animals, Limanda, 14. Life underwater, North sea, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, DNA adducts, German bight, General Medicine, Haddock, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, humanities, Comet assay, Fishery, Gadiformes, 030104 developmental biology, Liver, Comet, ICON, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, %22">Fish , Comet Assay, North Sea, Genotoxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical, DNA Damage, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Dab (Limanda limanda) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) were collected from coastal and offshore locations in the Baltic (dab only), North Sea (haddock from one location only) and Iceland. Blood was analysed for DNA strand breaks using the comet assay and liver samples for DNA adduct concentrations. DNA strand breaks were at background levels in dab from the two Iceland locations and from the Dogger Bank. The highest levels were observed in dab from the Firth of Forth, Ekofisk and the German Bight. Hepatic DNA adducts in dab were highest at Ekofisk, in the Baltic and Dogger Bank, below detection limit in dab from Iceland and low in dab from the Firth of Forth and German Bight. There was large variation in DNA strand breaks between locations and individuals for haddock, particularly from Iceland. Adduct concentrations were elevated in haddock from both Iceland and the Firth of Forth. A general linear model (GLM) suggested that, in addition to location, the size of dab and its general condition contributed to explaining the observed variability in DNA strand breaks. A GLM for adducts in dab similarly allocated most of the variability to location, but with a possible contribution from CYP1A activity. There were no apparent differences between male and female dab for any of the methods. There was no obvious relationship between strand breaks and adducts in the same fish although dab from Ekofisk and Iceland had respectively high and low responses using both methods. The results from this large-scale study showed pollution-related genotoxicity for dab, that fish blood samples can be conserved prior to comet analyses and that there are clear species differences in genotoxic responses even when collected at the same location.
Published: 2017

40. Looking for new emperor penguin colonies? Filling the gaps

Author: Caroline Gilbert, André Ancel, Robin Cristofari, Phil Trathan, Peter T. Fretwell, Michaël Beaulieu, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zoological Institute and Museum, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biogeography, Foraging, Climate change, Distribution (economics), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Abundance (ecology), lcsh:QH540-549.5, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecology, biology, business.industry, Satellite imagery, Circumpolar star, biology.organism_classification, Aptenodytes forsteri, Environmental variability, Geography, Population census, Productivity (ecology), Emperor, Antarctica, lcsh:Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, business
Abstract: International audience; Detecting and predicting how populations respond to environmental variability are crucial challenges for their conservation. Knowledge about the abundance and distribution of the emperor penguin is far from complete despite recent information from satellites. When exploring the locations where emperor penguins breed, it is apparent that their distribution is circumpolar, but with a few gaps between known colonies. The purpose of this paper is therefore to identify those remaining areas where emperor penguins might possibly breed. Using the locations of emperor penguin breeding colonies, we calculated the separation distance between each pair of geographically adjacent colonies. Based on mean separation distances between colonies following a circumpolar distribution, and known foraging ranges, we suggest that there may yet be six undiscovered breeding locations with half of these in Eastern and the remainder in Western Antarctica. Productivity in these regions suggests that food resources are likely to sustain emperor penguin populations. Our analysis highlights a fundamental requirement, that in order to predict how species might respond to regional climate change, we must better understand their biogeography and the factors that lead to their occupation of particular sites. Regarding emperor penguins , remote sensing should target the identified gaps apparently devoid of penguins in order to update the total number of colonies, to re-evaluate both the regional and global population of emperor penguins, and to gain a better understanding of their biogeography.
Published: 2017

41. Integrated monitoring of chemicals and their effects on four sentinel species, Limanda limanda, Platichthys flesus, Nucella lapillus and Mytilus sp., in Seine Bay: A key step towards applying biological effects to monitoring

Author: Concepción Martínez-Gómez, Hélène Budzinski, Ketil Hylland, Christophe Minier, Farida Akcha, Thierry Burgeot, Craig D. Robinson, Jérémie Le Goff, Dominique Ménard, Katja Broeg, Karine Le Menach, Christophe Brach-Papa, Jérôme Cachot, Véronique Loizeau, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Marine Scotland Science (MSS), Instituto Espagňol de Oceanografia (IEO), Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements (ABTE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie - Milieux Aquatiques (LEMA), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (BSH), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], and University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Oyster, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gastropoda, Large geographical scale, Local study, Flounder, 010501 environmental sciences, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Bioassays, Integrated assessment, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Chemical contamination, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, General Medicine, Pollution, Platichthys, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 6. Clean water, Bays, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Estuaries, Environmental Monitoring, Imposex, Sentinel species, Aquatic Science, Integrated monitoring in chemistry and biology, biology.animal, Metals, Heavy, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1, Animals, Limanda, 14. Life underwater, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Medio Marino, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mytilus, geography, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Sentinel Species, Corophium, Bay, Chemical Pollution, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biomarkers
Abstract: The International workshop on Integrated Assessment of CONtaminants impacts on the North sea (ICON) provided a framework to validate the application of chemical and biological assessment thresholds (BACs and EACs) in the Seine Bay in France. Bioassays (oyster larval anomalies, Corophium arenarium toxicity assay and DR Calux) for sediment and biomarkers: ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), DNA strand breaks using the Comet assay, DNA adducts, micronucleus (MN), PAH metabolites, imposex, intersex and fish external pathologies were analysed in four marine sentinel species (Platichthys flesus, Limanda limanda, Mytilus sp. and Nucella lapilus). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals were analysed in biota and sediment. Results for sediment and four species in 2008–2009 made it possible to quantify the impact of contaminants using thresholds (Environmental Assessment Criteria/EAC2008: 70% and EAC2009: 60%) and effects (EAC2008: 50% and EAC2009: 40%) in the Seine estuary. The Seine estuary is ranked among Europe's most highly polluted sites., SI
Published: 2017

42. Andrea Benazzo, Emiliano Trucchi, James A. Cahill, Pierpaolo Maisano Delser, Stefano Mona, Matteo Fumagalli, View ORCID ProfileLynsey Bunnefeld, Luca Cornetti, Silvia Ghirotto, Matteo Girardi, Lino Ometto, Alex Panziera, Omar Rota-Stabelli, Enrico Zanetti, Alexandros Karamanlidis, Claudio Groff, Ladislav Paule, Leonardo Gentile, View ORCID ProfileCarles Vilà, Saverio Vicario, Luigi Boitani, View ORCID ProfileLudovic Orlando, Silvia Fuselli, Cristiano Vernesi, View ORCID ProfileBeth Shapiro, View ORCID ProfilePaolo Ciucci, and Giorgio Bertorelle

Author: Giorgio Bertorelle, Lynsey Bunnefeld, Lino Ometto, Alexandros A. Karamanlidis, Pierpaolo Maisano Delser, Enrico Zanetti, Omar Rota-Stabelli, Ludovic Orlando, Cristiano Vernesi, Stefano Mona, Matteo Fumagalli, Leonardo Gentile, James A. Cahill, Luca Cornetti, Silvia Ghirotto, Andrea Benazzo, Claudio Groff, Emiliano Trucchi, Paolo Ciucci, Silvia Fuselli, Beth Shapiro, Carles Vilà, Alex Panziera, Ladislav Paule, Luigi Boitani, Saverio Vicario, Matteo Girardi, Vodafone, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Dept of Genetics, Evolution and Environment [London] (UCL-GEE), University College of London [London] (UCL), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Functional genomics, Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' = Department of Biology and Biotechnology [Univ di Pavia] (DBB UNIPV), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, University of Milano, Czech University of Life Science, and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: balancing selection, genetic drift, genetic load, ursus arctos, neolithic impact, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Rome, Genetic load, Balancing selection, BIASED DISPERSAL, 01 natural sciences, Inbreeding depression, Amino Acids, Phylogeny, Extinction vortex, Neolithic impact, education.field_of_study, Genome, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Population size, Genomics, Mitochondrial, Ursus arctos, Aggression, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Fixation (population genetics), PNAS Plus, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Sequence Analysis, Ursidae, GENETIC RESCUE, INBREEDING DEPRESSION, Life on Land, POPULATION-SIZE, Settore BIO/18 - GENETICA, Population, COPY-NUMBER VARIATION, Biology, SPATIAL-PATTERNS, 010603 evolutionary biology, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic drift, EXTINCTION VORTEX, MD Multidisciplinary, Genetics, Animals, education, Alleles, Population Density, LAND-COVER CHANGE, balancing selection, genetic drift, genetic load,Ursus arctos, Neolithic impact, Science & Technology, Human Genome, Genetic Variation, URSUS-ARCTOS, Small population size, balance selection, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, NATAL DISPERSAL, Genome, Mitochondrial, genetic drift, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: About 100 km east of Rome, in the central Apennine Mountains, a critically endangered population of ∼50 brown bears live in complete isolation. Mating outside this population is prevented by several 100 km of bear-free territories. We exploited this natural experiment to better understand the gene and genomic consequences of surviving at extremely small population size. We found that brown bear populations in Europe lost connectivity since Neolithic times, when farming communities expanded and forest burning was used for land clearance. In central Italy, this resulted in a 40-fold population decline. The overall genomic impact of this decline included the complete loss of variation in the mitochondrial genome and along long stretches of the nuclear genome. Several private and deleterious amino acid changes were fixed by random drift; predicted effects include energy deficit, muscle weakness, anomalies in cranial and skeletal development, and reduced aggressiveness. Despite this extreme loss of diversity, Apennine bear genomes show nonrandom peaks of high variation, possibly maintained by balancing selection, at genomic regions significantly enriched for genes associated with immune and olfactory systems. Challenging the paradigm of increased extinction risk in small populations, we suggest that random fixation of deleterious alleles (i) can be an important driver of divergence in isolation, (ii) can be tolerated when balancing selection prevents random loss of variation at important genes, and (iii) is followed by or results directly in favorable behavioral changes., Financial support for the collection of the samples was provided by Vodafone Greece and the Vodafone Group Foundation. Fondo Ateneo Ricerca (FAR) grants from the University of Ferrara supported the study. P.M.D. was funded by Agence Nationale de la Recherche Demochips Grant ANR-12-BSV7-0012.
Published: 2017

43. Whole-genome sequencing of African dogs provides insights into adaptations against tropical parasites

Author: He-Chuan Yang, Xiaopeng Qi, Jane Budd, Anders J. Hansen, Min-Sheng Peng, Philippe Gaubert, Meng Wang, Lubin Jiang, Olaogun S Charles, José Alfredo Samaniego, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Yang Li, Yang Hu, Adeniyi C. Adeola, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Oscar J Sanke, Guo-Dong Wang, Lu Wang, Tao Xu, Yan-Hu Liu, Xiaomin Guo, Ting-Ting Yin, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Weiwei Zhai, Eli Knispel Rueness, Ya-Ping Zhang, Carlos Fernandes, Ya-ping Ma, Philip M Dawuda, Newton O. Otecko, Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Yunnan Agricultural University, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Ibadan, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Agriculture, Makurdi (UAM), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing], Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: Gene Flow, 0301 basic medicine, Demographic history, Plasmodium, Population, African dogs, Adaptive evolution, antiparasite, Adaptation, Biological, Introgression, Zoology, Biology, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, Antiparasite, parasitic diseases, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Selection, Genetic, education, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Tropical Climate, education.field_of_study, adaptive evolution, Wolves, Natural selection, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Whole Genome Sequencing, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetic Variation, demographic history, medicine.disease, Biological Evolution, 3. Good health, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Africa, Adaptation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Malaria, Founder effect
Abstract: Natural selection in domestic dogs is of great interest in evolutionary biology since dogs have migrated to every inhabited continent of the world alongside humans, and adapted to diverse environments. Here, we explored their demographic history and genetic basis of adaptation to the tropical African environment using whole genome analyses of 19 African indigenous dogs from Nigeria. Demographic analysis suggests that the ancestors of these dogs migrated into Africa from Eurasia 14,000 years ago and underwent a severe founder effect before population expansion. Admixture analysis further reveals that African dog genomes contain about 1.88–3.50% introgression from African golden wolves (Canis anthus). Population genetic analysis identifies 50 positively selected genes linked with immunity, angiogenesis, ultraviolet protection, as well as insulin secretion and sensitivity that may contribute to adaptation to tropical conditions. One of the positively selected genes, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 (ADGRE1), has also been found to be association with severe malaria resistance in African human populations. Functional assessments showed that ADGRE1 provides protective host defense against Plasmodium infections. This result, together with the fact that the inflammatory response to canine babesiosis is similar to complicated falciparum malaria in humans, support the dogs as a model for the study of malaria control and treatment. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in [Molecular biology and evolution] following peer review. Locked until 10.10.2018 due to copyright restrictions. The version of record is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/35/2/287/4316110
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Migration in geographic and ecological space by a large herbivore

Author: Atle Mysterud, Nicolas Morellet, Stefano Focardi, Ferdinando Urbano, Marco Heurich, Derek B. Spitz, Wibke Peters, Francesca Cagnacci, John D. C. Linnell, Mark Hebblewhite, Petter Kjellander, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Research and Innovation Centre, Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Department, Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Department, Harvard University [Cambridge], This paper was conceived and written within the collaborative EURODEER project (paper no. 006 of the EURODEER series, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), and Peters, Wibke
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), migration spatiotemporelle, Population, Niche, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], normalized difference vegetation index, capreolus capreolus, migration animale, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, behavioral plasticity, Capreolus, Settore BIO/05 - ZOOLOGIA, biology.animal, Biologie animale, ungulates, Realized niche width, 10. No inequality, education, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Animal biology, Ecological niche, animal migration, education.field_of_study, partial migration, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, spatiotemporal variation, faune sauvage, Roe deer, large herbivores, ecological distance, realized niche, niche switching, Spatial variability
Abstract: Partial migration, when only part of the population migrates seasonally while the other part remains resident on the shared range, is the most common form of migration in ungulates. Migration is often defined by spatial separation of seasonal ranges and consequently, classification of individuals as migrants or residents is usually only based on geographic criteria. However, the underlying mechanism for migration is hypothesized to be movement in response to spatiotemporal resource variability and thus, migrants are assumed to travel an “ecological distance” (ED) or shift their realized ecological niches. While ecological and geographic distances should be related, their relationship may depend on landscape heterogeneity. Here, we tested the utility of ecological niche theory to both classify migratory individuals and to understand the underlying ecological factors for migratory behavior. We developed an integrative approach combining measures in geographic and ecological niche space and used this to classify and explain migratory behavior of 71 annual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) movement trajectories in five European study areas. First, to assess the utility of the ED concept for classifying migratory behavior, we tested whether roe deer sought the same ecological conditions year-round or moved to different ecological conditions by measuring the annual ED travelled and the seasonal niche overlap using multivariate statistics. Comparing methods to classify migrants and residents based on geographic and ecological niche space, we found that migratory roe deer switched between seasons both in geographic and in ecological dimensions. Second, we tested which seasonal ecological factors separated resident from migrant niches using discriminant analysis and which broad-scale determinants (e.g., spatiotemporal forage variation and population density) predicted migration probability using generalized linear models. Our results indicated that factors describing forage and topographic variability discriminated seasonal migrant from resident niches. Determinants for predicting migration probability included the temporal variation (seasonality) and also the spatial variability of forage patches. Last, we also found suggestive evidence for a positive relationship between population density and migration probability. By applying the ecological niche concept to the study of partial migration in ungulates, our work underlines that partial migration is a form of behavioral plasticity. Key words: behavioral plasticity; Capreolus capreolus; ecological distance; large herbivores; niche switching; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; partial migration; realized niche; spatiotemporal variation; ungulates
Published: 2017

45. Interactions between demography and environmental effects are important determinants of population dynamics

Author: Tore Slagsvold, Vidar Grøtan, Bjørn Walseng, Anna Nilsson, James W. Hurrell, Nils Christian Stenseth, Adam S. Phillips, Kurt Jerstad, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Marlène Gamelon, Ole Wiggo Røstad, Steinar Engen, Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), and Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, warming, Population, Population Dynamics, Dipper, Climate change, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, Global Warming, Models, Biological, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Humans, education, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Population size, Global warming, SciAdv r-articles, 15. Life on land, Passerine, Density dependence, 13. Climate action, density dependence, Seasons, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, human activities, environmental stochasticity, Demography, Research Article, immigration
Abstract: Warmer winters alter the dynamics of a local bird population and reduce immigration rate due to density-dependent feedback., Climate change will affect the population dynamics of many species, yet the consequences for the long-term persistence of populations are poorly understood. A major reason for this is that density-dependent feedback effects caused by fluctuations in population size are considered independent of stochastic variation in the environment. We show that an interplay between winter temperature and population density can influence the persistence of a small passerine population under global warming. Although warmer winters favor an increased mean population size, density-dependent feedback can cause the local population to be less buffered against occasional poor environmental conditions (cold winters). This shows that it is essential to go beyond the population size and explore climate effects on the full dynamics to elaborate targeted management actions.
Published: 2017

46. Variation in clutch size in relation to nest size in birds

Author: Blandine Doligez, Ian R. Hartley, Indrikis Krams, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Tore Slagsvold, Francesco Cecere, Tapio Solonen, Sven G. Nilsson, Peter N. Ferns, Vladimír Remeš, Jean Charles Bouvier, Paul Isenmann, Luís P. da Silva, Martyn J. Stenning, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Anna Dubiec, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Anders Pape Møller, Zihad Bouslama, Arne Lundberg, Cezary Mitrus, Esa Lehikoinen, Jacques Blondel, Carla S. Pimentel, Antero Järvinen, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Toni Laaksonen, Janne T. Seppänen, Wiesław Walankiewicz, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Jukka T. Forsman, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Marcel Eens, Tapio Eeva, Hugo Robles, Rianne Pinxten, Juan Carlos Senar, Emilio Barba, Anne Charmantier, Xavier Morin, Clotilde Biard, Camillo Cusimano, Ana Cláudia Norte, Seppo Rytkönen, Judith Morales-Fernaz, Piotr Tryjanowski, Shelley A. Hinsley, Ruedi G. Nager, Mikael von Numers, Lars Gustafsson, Aya Goldshtein, Anne E. Goodenough, Andrew G. Gosler, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Motti Charter, Virginie Demeyrier, Raivo Mänd, Philippe Perret, Marie Claude Quidoz, Mark C. Mainwaring, Bruno Massa, Staffan Jacob, Bruno Faivre, Santiago Merino, Jordi Camprodon, Markku Orell, Alexandr Artemyev, Arnaud Grégoire, Claire Doutrelant, Dorota Czeszczewik, Bernard Leclercq, Heinz Richner, Iga Góźdź, Philipp Heeb, Erkki Korpimäki, Ilze Priedniece, Mariusz Cichoń, Mikko Mönkkönen, Olli J. Loukola, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp ( UA ), Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Research Laboratory 'Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems', University Badji Mokhtar, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles [Avignon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Biodiversity Department, Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, (Adresse privée), Society for the Protection of Nature, University of Lausanne, University of Haifa [Haifa], Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università di Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de la Laguna, Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Kilpisjarvi Biological Station, Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Biology, Biodiversity, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia-University of Lisbon, Latvian Fund for Nature, Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), University of Bern, Evolutionary Ecology Group ( GIBE ), University of A Coruña ( UDC ), Unidad Asociada CSIC de Ecología Evolutiva y de la Conducta, Nat-Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo ( UiO ), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Behavioral Ecology Group, Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Antwerp (UA), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), Evolutionary Ecology Group (GIBE), University of A Coruña (UDC), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Palacky University Olomouc, Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Instituto Superior de Agronomia-Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Animal Ecology (AnE), Møller, A.P., Adriaensen, F., Artemyev, A., Bańbura, J., Barba, E., Biard, C., Blondel, J., Bouslama, Z., Bouvier, J.-C., Camprodon, J., Cecere, F., Charmantier, A., Charter, M., Cichoń, M., Cusimano, C., Czeszczewik, D., Demeyrier, V., Doligez, B., Doutrelant, C., Dubiec, A., Eens, M., Eeva, T., Faivre, B., Ferns, P.N., Forsman, J.T., García-del-Rey, E., Goldshtein, A., Goodenough, A.E., Gosler, A.G., Góźdź, I., Grégoire, A., Gustafsson, L., Hartley, I.R., Heeb, P., Hinsley, S.A., Isenmann, P., Jacob, S., Järvinen, A., Juškaitis, R., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Laaksonen, T., Leclercq, B., Lehikoinen, E., Loukola, O., Lundberg, A., Mainwaring, M.C., Mänd, R., Massa, B., Mazgajski, T.D., Merino, S., Mitrus, C., Mönkkönen, M., Morales-Fernaz, J., Morin, X., Nager, R.G., Nilsson, J.-Å., Nilsson, S.G., Norte, A.C., Orell, M., Perret, P., Pimentel, C.S., Pinxten, R., Priedniece, I., Quidoz, M.-C., Remeš, V., Richner, H., Robles, H., Rytkönen, S., Senar, J.C., Seppänen, J.T., da Silva, L.P., Slagsvold, T., Solonen, T., Sorace, A., Stenning, M.J., Török, J., Tryjanowski, P., van Noordwijk, A.J., von Numers, M., Walankiewicz, W., and Lambrechts, M.M.
Subjects: BREEDING SUCCESS, Avian clutch size, Biodiversité et Ecologie, SEXUAL SELECTION, Predation, natural holes, Nest, TITS PARUS-MAJOR, BLUE TITS, QL_671, Original Research, GE, Ecology, hole nesting, STURNUS-VULGARIS, FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA, Chemistry, reaction norm, Sexual selection, international, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Hole nesting, Hole nesting, natural holes, nest boxes, reaction norm, nest boxes, education, ta1172, Zoology, Biology, Intraspecific competition, Ecology and Environment, Biodiversity and Ecology, Clutch, Nest box, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ekologi, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Interspecific competition, PIED FLYCATCHERS, PASSERINE BIRDS, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, ta1181, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, GREAT TITS, THERMAL CONDITIONS
Abstract: © 2014 The Authors. Nests are structures built to support and protect eggs and/or offspring from predators, parasites, and adverse weather conditions. Nests are mainly constructed prior to egg laying, meaning that parent birds must make decisions about nest site choice and nest building behavior before the start of egg-laying. Parent birds should be selected to choose nest sites and to build optimally sized nests, yet our current understanding of clutch size-nest size relationships is limited to small-scale studies performed over short time periods. Here, we quantified the relationship between clutch size and nest size, using an exhaustive database of 116 slope estimates based on 17,472 nests of 21 species of hole and non-hole-nesting birds. There was a significant, positive relationship between clutch size and the base area of the nest box or the nest, and this relationship did not differ significantly between open nesting and hole-nesting species. The slope of the relationship showed significant intraspecific and interspecific heterogeneity among four species of secondary hole-nesting species, but also among all 116 slope estimates. The estimated relationship between clutch size and nest box base area in study sites with more than a single size of nest box was not significantly different from the relationship using studies with only a single size of nest box. The slope of the relationship between clutch size and nest base area in different species of birds was significantly negatively related to minimum base area, and less so to maximum base area in a given study. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that bird species have a general reaction norm reflecting the relationship between nest size and clutch size. Further, they suggest that scientists may influence the clutch size decisions of hole-nesting birds through the provisioning of nest boxes of varying sizes.
Published: 2014

47. Importance of harvest-driven trait changes for invasive species management

Author: Julian D. Olden, Libor Závorka, Iris Lang, J. Robert Britton, Allan Raffard, Charlotte Evangelista, Julien Cucherousset, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Bournemouth University [Poole] (BU), School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences University of Washington (SAFS), University of Washington [Seattle], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: ecosystem management, 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, phenotypic variation, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, invasive species, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Trait, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Although intraspecific differences between the phenotypes of organisms are an important driver of ecological dynamics (Des Roches et al. 2018), research to help integrate phenotypic variation and its drivers with ecosystem management has been limited. For this reason, the novel conceptual framework proposed by Palkovacs et al. (2018) – which helps to clarify the ecological implications of harvest‐driven trait changes – is timely.
Published: 2018

48. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Human Methyltransferase Modulating Hsp70 Protein Function through Lysine Methylation

Author: Ronald Melki, Stefan Kernstock, Wolfgang Egge-Jacobsen, Anders Moen, Luc Bousset, Magnus E. Jakobsson, Pål Ø. Falnes, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales (LEBS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Methyltransferase, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Amino Acid Motifs, Lysine, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, Plasma protein binding, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, MESH: Recombinant Proteins, MESH: Amino Acid Motifs, 0302 clinical medicine, Protein methylation, Cloning, Molecular, MESH: HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA Modification Methylases, MESH: DNA Modification Methylases, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, biology, MESH: Peptides, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Methylation, Recombinant Proteins, MESH: HEK293 Cells, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, alpha-Synuclein, MESH: Computational Biology, Protein Binding, Protein family, Molecular Sequence Data, Catalysis, Open Reading Frames, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: alpha-Synuclein, MESH: Protein Binding, Humans, MESH: Lysine, MESH: Cloning, Molecular, HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins, Amino Acid Sequence, HSPA8, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Mass Spectrometry, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Humans, MESH: Biological Markers, Computational Biology, Cell Biology, MESH: Open Reading Frames, MESH: Catalysis, HEK293 Cells, MESH: Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Chaperone (protein), Enzymology, biology.protein, Peptides, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; Hsp70 proteins constitute an evolutionarily conserved protein family of ATP-dependent molecular chaperones involved in a wide range of biological processes. Mammalian Hsp70 proteins are subject to various post-translational modifications, including methylation, but for most of these, a functional role has not been attributed. In this study, we identified the methyltransferase METTL21A as the enzyme responsible for trimethylation of a conserved lysine residue found in several human Hsp70 (HSPA) proteins. This enzyme, denoted by us as HSPA lysine (K) methyltransferase (HSPA-KMT), was found to catalyze trimethylation of various Hsp70 family members both in vitro and in vivo, and the reaction was stimulated by ATP. Furthermore, we show that HSPA-KMT exclusively methylates 70-kDa proteins in mammalian protein extracts, demonstrating that it is a highly specific enzyme. Finally, we show that trimethylation of HSPA8 (Hsc70) has functional consequences, as it alters the affinity of the chaperone for both the monomeric and fibrillar forms of the Parkinson disease-associated protein α-synuclein.
Published: 2013

49. Diel feeding strategy during breeding in male Barn Owls (Tyto alba)

Author: Joël M. Durant, Dag Ø. Hjermann, Yves Handrich, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food intake, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Zoology, raptors, Nocturnal, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, reproduction, Nest, Food supply, Diel vertical migration, media_common, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Barn-owl, Tyto, biology.organism_classification, body mass, behaviour, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Reproduction, diet, Barn
Abstract: During reproduction, birds are confronted with two requirements: building up their energetic reserves during the activity period, and provisioning the nest. Storing reserves imposes a higher flight cost and a lower hunting efficiency. This conflict is accentuated in species such as the Barn Owl (Tyto alba), where the nest food supply is entirely taken in charge by the male during a long period (ca. 37 days). We tested the prediction that Barn Owl males were postponing their meal to the end of the night in order to fly with a low body mass. Nocturnal changes in body mass (i.e., estimates of feeding events) were monitored remotely on six free-ranging Barn Owl pairs nesting in eastern France using an automated weighing system. Male Barn Owls were gaining the more weight at the end of the night, supporting the prediction that they make their biggest meal after the nest provisioning activities hunting period that is taking place at the beginning of the night. This is a preprint version of the article. The final publication is available at link.springer.com
Published: 2013

50. The influence of weather conditions during gestation on life histories in a wild Arctic ungulate

Author: R. Justin Irvine, Erik Ropstad, Steve D. Albon, Mathieu Douhard, Audun Stien, Christophe Bonenfant, Leif Egil Loe, Vebjørn Veiberg, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Faculty of Health Sciences, and Oslo University College (OUC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, predictive adaptive response, Ungulate, Population Dynamics, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, phenotypic plasticity, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Svalbard, 03 medical and health sciences, Pregnancy, Predictive adaptive response, Animals, Weather, development, Research Articles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Phenotypic plasticity, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Ecology, Reproduction, Svalbard reindeer, General Medicine, cohort, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, climate change, Arctic, Gestation, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Demography, Reindeer
Abstract: The internal predictive adaptive response (internal PAR) hypothesis predicts that individuals born in poor conditions should start to reproduce earlier if they are likely to have reduced performance in later life. However, whether this is the case remains unexplored in wild populations. Here, we use longitudinal data from a long-term study of Svalbard reindeer to examine age-related changes in adult female life-history responses to environmental conditions experienced in utero as indexed by rain-on-snow (ROS utero ). We show that females experiencing high ROS utero had reduced reproductive success only from 7 years of age, independent of early reproduction. These individuals were able to maintain the same annual reproductive success between 2 and 6 years as phenotypically superior conspecifics that experienced low ROS utero . Young females born after high ROS utero engage in reproductive events at lower body mass (about 2.5 kg less) than those born after low ROS utero . The mean fitness of females that experienced poor environmental conditions in early life was comparable with that of females exposed to good environmental conditions in early life. These results are consistent with the idea of internal PAR and suggest that the life-history responses to early-life conditions can buffer the delayed effects of weather on population dynamics.
Published: 2016

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

131 results on '"Department of Biosciences [Oslo]"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources