Author: "Department of Crop Production Ecology" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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205 results on '"Department of Crop Production Ecology"'

1. Direct and indirect effects of landscape and field management intensity on carabids through trophic resources and weeds

Author: Sandrine Petit, Benjamin Carbonne, Eirini Daouti, Britta Frei, Veronika Neidel, David A. Bohan, Pavel Saska, Jiří Skuhrovec, Hana Foffová, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Crop Research Institute, Functional Diversity in Agro-Ecosystems Drnovská 507, 161 06 Praha 6 – Ruzyně, Czech Republic, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ekologicentrum, Ulls väg, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden (SLA), and Mountain Agriculture Research Unit and Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, cascading effect, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Landscape complexity, carabid diversity, field management, Cascading effects, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, SEM path modelling, Ecology, landscape complexity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, animal prey, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, standing weeds, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, weed seeds, Field management, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract: International audience; Abstract Carabids are important biological control agents of weeds and other pests in agricultural fields. The carabid community is built upon direct and indirect ecological effects of landscape complexity, field management intensity and biotic components that in interaction make any prediction of community size and composition challenging. We analyse a large-scale sample of 60 European cereal fields using structural equation modelling to quantify the direct effects of field management intensity and the surrounding landscape, and their indirect effect via biotic components, on carabid diversity. Our results highlight that direct and indirect effects of increasing landscape complexity, mediated by trophic resources, mainly affect carabids positively. Field management intensity only ever affects carabids through indirect effects that are generally negative, by suppressing standing weeds and weed seeds. Indirect effects on granivore carabid species depended on weed seed availability, whereas omnivores depended on the availability of both weed seeds and animal prey. Synthesis and applications. A consideration of both the direct and indirect effects of landscape and field management is necessary for predicting carabid communities. These indirect effects, mediated via trophic resources, supports the diversity and abundance of carabid communities and their provision of ecosystem services. Our results show that promoting crop diversity and connectivity to semi-natural habitats will directly enhance carabid communities in farmland by manipulating their migration from source habitats and indirectly by promoting the presence and diversity of their trophic resources. A reduction in field management intensity will preserve local standing weeds and weed seeds, and indirectly support carabid communities. These local and landscape modifications could contribute to improve the natural regulation of pests and weeds by carabids.
Published: 2021
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2. Management and spatial resolution effects on yield and water balance at regional scale in crop models

Author: Eric Casellas, Edwin Haas, Frank Ewert, Matthias Kuhnert, Thomas Gaiser, Jacques-Eric Bergez, Xenia Specka, Zhigan Zhao, Jagadeesh Yeluripati, Helene Raynal, Ganga Ram Maharjan, Luca Doro, Enli Wang, Ana Villa, Giacomo Trombi, Holger Hoffmann, Marco Bindi, Julie Constantin, Balász Grosz, Claas Nendel, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Lutz Weihermüller, Henrik Eckersten, Steffen Klatt, Pier Paolo Roggero, Elisabet Lewan, Marco Moriondo, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Crop Science Group, INRES, University of Bonn, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Desertification Research Centre and Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Texas A&M University [College Station], Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Information and Computational Sciences Group, The James Hutton Insitite, Carigiebuckler, Departement of Soil and Environment, CSIRO Land and Water, ACT, and Institute of Bio- & Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, WINTER-WHEAT YIELD, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ASSIMILATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Agricultural engineering, 01 natural sciences, Scaling, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, SOWING DATES, CARBON, Crop, Aggregation, Water balance, DATA AGGREGATION, IRRIGATION, Evapotranspiration, ddc:550, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Drainage, Spatial analysis, AREA INDEX, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, PRODUCTIVITY, Crop yield, Sowing, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Adaptive management, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, GROWTH, Environmental science, Decision rules, INPUT DATA, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Due to the more frequent use of crop models at regional and national scale, the effects of spatial data input resolution have gained increased attention. However, little is known about the influence of variability in crop management on model outputs. A constant and uniform crop management is often considered over the simulated area and period. This study determines the influence of crop management adapted to climatic conditions and input data resolution on regional-scale outputs of crop models. For this purpose, winter wheat and maize were simulated over 30 years with spatially and temporally uniform management or adaptive management for North Rhine-Westphalia ((similar to)34 083 km(2)), Germany. Adaptive management to local climatic conditions was used for 1) sowing date, 2) N fertilization dates, 3) N amounts, and 4) crop cycle length. Therefore, the models were applied with four different management sets for each crop. Input data for climate, soil and management were selected at five resolutions, from 1 x 1 km to 100 x 100 km grid size. Overall, 11 crop models were used to predict regional mean crop yield, actual evapotranspiration, and drainage. Adaptive management had little effect (< 10% difference) on the 30-year mean of the three output variables for most models and did not depend on soil, climate, and management resolution. Nevertheless, the effect was substantial for certain models, up to 31% on yield, 27% on evapotranspiration, and 12% on drainage compared to the uniform management reference. In general, effects were stronger on yield than on evapotranspiration and drainage, which had little sensitivity to changes in management. Scaling effects were generally lower than management effects on yield and evapotranspiration as opposed to drainage. Despite this trend, sensitivity to management and scaling varied greatly among the models. At the annual scale, effects were stronger in certain years, particularly the management effect on yield. These results imply that depending on the model, the representation of management should be carefully chosen, particularly when simulating yields and for predictions on annual scale.
Published: 2019
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3. Integrating stakeholder preferences into assessment of scenarios for electricity production from locally produced biomass on a small island

Author: Jean-Marc Blazy, Pierre Chopin, Göran Bergkvist, François Causeret, Loic Guinde, Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), and FEDER 1/1.4/33634
Subjects: Stakeholder preferences, Power station, Natural resource economics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 020209 energy, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, usine de production d'électricité, 7. Clean energy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Biomass plant production, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Production (economics), 0601 history and archaeology, 2. Zero hunger, 060102 archaeology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Stakeholder, 06 humanities and the arts, Renewable energy, 13. Climate action, Sustainable management, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, Scenario modeling, Business
Abstract: International audience; Biomass is a potential source of renewable energy that can be produced in agricultural fields. However, its introduction at regional scale should not only provide energy, but also economic, social and environmental benefits. In order to study the potential benefit of introducing energy cane cropping systems for electricity production, we developed 62 scenarios for energy cane-based biomass power plants, for which impacts were modeled with a regional bioeconomic model. Impacts were calculated and aggregated with weights on 14 issues obtained from 51 stakeholders using an analytic hierarchy process. Regression models were applied to explain the determinant of sustainability. The results showed that stakeholder preferences for local development priorities fell into four different types, while the impacts of the scenarios also differed greatly according to their attributes. The main issues appeared to be "Disruption of existing agricultural sectors", "Potential loss of biodiversity" and "Change in farmers' revenue". The factor "Output of power plant" was positively correlated with the level of contribution to local development and to "Quantity of bagasse" and "Sustainable management of energy cane". Developing energy cane biomass appears therefore to be potentially beneficial for local development, with options favoring power plants relying on different forms of biomass produced in the vicinity and managed in a sustainable way. The novel approach devised here helped to address the complex multi-dimensional development issues regarding production of biomass and to provide satisfactory compromise solutions for different stakeholders. It can also provide guidance on exploration of options to obtain the most sustainable scenario.
Published: 2019
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4. Implications of crop model ensemble size and composition for estimates of adaptation effects and agreement of recommendations

Author: Yi Chen, Davide Cammarano, Thomas Gaiser, Jukka Höhn, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Mikhail A. Semenov, Miroslav Trnka, Altaaf Mechiche-Alami, Benjamin Dumont, Roberto Ferrise, Fulu Tao, Timothy R. Carter, Alfredo Rodríguez, Stefan Fronzek, C. Nendel, Julien Minet, Holger Hoffmann, F. Ewert, John R. Porter, Jaromir Krzyszczak, Pierre Stratonovitch, Marco Bindi, Zacharias Steinmetz, Samuel Buis, A.J.W. de Wit, Iwan Supit, Reimund P. Rötter, Ignacio J. Lorite, František Jurečka, Marcos Lana, Manuel Montesino, Piotr Baranowski, Taru Palosuo, Margarita Ruiz-Ramos, Nina Pirttioja, P. Hlavinka, Françoise Ruget, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Universtiy of Florence, Institute of Agrophysics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, Université de Liège, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Global Change Research Institute CAS, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Rothamsted Research, RIFCON GmbH, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), TROPAGS, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], MACSUR01-UPM ERA73-SUSTAG-UPM ERA73-SUSTAG-IFAPA, MACSUR02-APCIN2016-00050-00-00 MULCLIVAR-CGL2012-38923-C02-02, MACSUR-D.M.24064/7303/15, PLUMES-277276 PLUMES-277403 PLUMES-292836 NORFASYS-268277 NORFASYS-292944, SustES-C2.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797, LCAgri-BIOSTRATEG1/271322/3/NCBR/2015 GyroScan-BIOSTRATEG2/298782/11/NCBR/2016, SPACES-01LL1304A IMPAC<^>3-FKZ 031A351A MACSUR-031B0039C, BB/P016855/1, European Project: 603416,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,IMPRESSIONS(2013), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Lund University [Lund], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Wheat adaptation, Uncertainty, Climate change, Decision support, Response surface, Outcome confidence, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Low Confidence, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Water en Voedsel, 01 natural sciences, Article, Crop, Statistics, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Baseline (configuration management), Adaptation (computer science), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Local adaptation, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, WIMEK, Water and Food, Forestry, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, 13. Climate action, Water Systems and Global Change, Crop simulation model, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cropping, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Abstract Climate change is expected to severely affect cropping systems and food production in many parts of the world unless local adaptation can ameliorate these impacts. Ensembles of crop simulation models can be useful tools for assessing if proposed adaptation options are capable of achieving target yields, whilst also quantifying the share of uncertainty in the simulated crop impact resulting from the crop models themselves. Although some studies have analysed the influence of ensemble size on model outcomes, the effect of ensemble composition has not yet been properly appraised. Moreover, results and derived recommendations typically rely on averaged ensemble simulation results without accounting sufficiently for the spread of model outcomes. Therefore, we developed an Ensemble Outcome Agreement (EOA) index, which analyses the effect of changes in composition and size of a multi-model ensemble (MME) to evaluate the level of agreement between MME outcomes with respect to a given hypothesis (e.g. that adaptation measures result in positive crop responses). We analysed the recommendations of a previous study performed with an ensemble of 17 crop models and testing 54 adaptation options for rainfed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Lleida (NE Spain) under perturbed conditions of temperature, precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Our results confirmed that most adaptations recommended in the previous study have a positive effect. However, we also showed that some options did not remain recommendable in specific conditions if different ensembles were considered. Using EOA, we were able to identify the adaptation options for which there is high confidence in their effectiveness at enhancing yields, even under severe climate perturbations. These include substituting spring wheat for winter wheat combined with earlier sowing dates and standard or longer duration cultivars, or introducing supplementary irrigation, the latter increasing EOA values in all cases. There is low confidence in recovering yields to baseline levels, although this target could be attained for some adaptation options under moderate climate perturbations. Recommendations derived from such robust results may provide crucial information for stakeholders seeking to implement adaptation measures.
Published: 2019
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5. Does cropping system diversification with legumes lead to higher yield stability? Diverging evidence from long-term experiments across Europe

Author: Reckling, Moritz, Albertsson, J, Topp, Cairistiona F.E., Vermue, Anthony, Carlsson, Georg, Watson, Christine A., Justes, Eric, Bergkvist, Göran, Jensen, Eric-Steen, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biosystems and Technology, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Direction de l'Action Régionale, de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de l'Europe (DARESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], climate change, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], legumes, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: In the face of climate change and to achieve global food security, the resilience of agricultural systems is gaining increasing attention, and is often considered as important as their productivity (Olesen et al., 2011). Temporal yield stability is one indicator of the economic resilience of cropping systems and its analyses have become more important as a decrease in yield stability has been observed for different crops at regional and global scale (Döring and Reckling, 2018). The temporal and spatial diversification of cropping systems with legumes, perennial crops, cover crops and intercrops can be expected to increase crop yield stability and offers an adaptation strategy to the increased climate variability (Liu et al., 2019). The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of cropping system diversification strategies on yield stability, through (i) integration of perennial leys with and without legumes, (ii) increasing proportion (length, i.e. number of years) of the perennial grass-clover leys relative to the entire crop rotation, (iii) varying the order in which crops are positioned in the rotation, (iv) integration of grain legumes and (v) integration of cover crops during fallow periods.
Published: 2019
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6. Regional and cropping systems scale modeling of scenario of climate change adaptation for maintaining soil organic matter stocks in the Caribbean

Author: Chopin, Pierre, Sierra, Jorge, Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Programme Reacctif (Ademe), FEDER, Région Guadeloupe, Farming Systems Design community., and Universidad de la República. URY.
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, changement climatique, antilles, Agricultural sciences, pédoclimat, sciences du sol, agronomie, séquestration du carbone, guadeloupe, sol tropical, système de culture, Sciences agricoles, Caraïbes, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

7. Modelling agricultural changes and impacts at landscape scale: A bibliometric review

Author: Pierre Chopin, Laure Hossard, Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Crop Production Ecology, and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
Subjects: Topic model, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversity, 010501 environmental sciences, Biodiversity conservation, 01 natural sciences, European studies, Integrated assessment, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Ecological Modeling, Corporate governance, Scale (chemistry), Water quantity, 15. Life on land, Geography, Water quality, 13. Climate action, Salient, Agriculture, business, Software, Topic modelling
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the range of approaches available for assessing the impacts of agricultural changes at landscape scale is important when addressing local to global issues. Using a topic modelling approach, we reviewed the literature on impact modelling of agricultural landscapes. A search in Web of Science using the keywords model, agricultural systems and landscape yielded 1,975 hits, of which 514 papers met our selection criteria. The most salient terms fell within six groups: change, scale, pollution, biodiversity, practices and terms on biophysical/regulatory conditions. We identified four main topics: water quality, water quantity/energy crops, biodiversity and Integrated Assessment. Water management issues were more likely to be covered in North American researches, while issues related to Integrated Assessment were mainly covered in European studies. We found no relationship between topic and model type. We conclude that future integrated studies should consider the diversity of agricultural systems in governance of water and biodiversity issues.
Published: 2019
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8. Cereal yield gaps across Europe

Author: Lilia Levy, Joost Wolf, Jerzy Kozyra, Hélène Marrou, M. Ines Minguez, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Marloes P. van Loon, Anne Kjersti Uhlen, A Nierobca, Vanya Manolova, Bert Rijk, Lenny G.J. van Bussel, V. Ion, Katarzyna Żyłowska, Nikos Danalatos, Mink Zijlstra, Till Seehusen, Oleksii Kryvobok, H. Kirchev, Taru Palosuo, Antonio Pulina, Anne Gobin, Pier Paolo Roggero, Martin K. van Ittersum, Roger Sylvester-Bradley, Jan Peter Lesschen, Hugo de Groot, Ivan Manolov, Maksim Khitrykau, Cairistiona F.E. Topp, D. R. Kindred, José Coutinho, Sotirios V. Archontoulis, Hendrik Boogaard, Michael Oberforster, Mirek Trnka, Jørgen E. Olesen, P. Hlavinka, Juan Manuel Herrera, Simona Bassu, Henrik Eckersten, Josiane Lorgeou, Oleksandr Kryvoshein, René Schils, Jürg Hiltbrunner, Valery Kalyada, Benvindo Martins Maçãs, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, João Vasco Silva, Nándor Fodor, Lauri Jauhiainen, John Spink, Jozef Takáč, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, TempAg, Wageningen University & Research, MACSUR, Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Leibniz Association, Partenaires INRAE, Institute for sustainable Plant Production, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NASB), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Agricultural University [Plovdiv], Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Thessaly, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG), Plant Breeding Station, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Technical University of Madrid, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Agroscope, Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Agricultural Development and Advisory Service, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), strategic investment funds (IPOP) of Wageningen University Research, and MACSUR under EU FACCE-JPI
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, AGRICULTURE, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, céréale, Crop modelling, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Yield potential, EMISSIONS, Annual percentage yield, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable Soil Use, Wheat, Barley, Grain maize, Nitrogen, Food security, CLIMATE-CHANGE, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, 1. No poverty, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agroécologie, PE&RC, SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION, Agricultural sciences, Plant Production Systems, Milieusysteemanalyse, europe, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, IMPACTS, Irrigation, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Yield (finance), VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Landbruksfag: 910::Planteforedling, hagebruk, plantevern, plantepatologi: 911, WHEAT, Soil Science, Crop, NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY, Production (economics), FERTILITY, Duurzaam Bodemgebruik, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, production céréaliere, WIMEK, Science & Technology, LAND-USE, Crop yield, Yield gap, Agronomy, SOIL, Environmental Systems Analysis, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Sciences agricoles
Abstract: peer-reviewed Europe accounts for around 20% of the global cereal production and is a net exporter of ca. 15% of that production. Increasing global demand for cereals justifies questions as to where and by how much Europe’s production can be increased to meet future global market demands, and how much additional nitrogen (N) crops would require. The latter is important as environmental concern and legislation are equally important as production aims in Europe. Here, we used a country-by-country, bottom-up approach to establish statistical estimates of actual grain yield, and compare these to modelled estimates of potential yields for either irrigated or rainfed conditions. In this way, we identified the yield gaps and the opportunities for increased cereal production for wheat, barley and maize, which represent 90% of the cereals grown in Europe. The combined mean annual yield gap of wheat, barley, maize was 239 Mt, or 42% of the yield potential. The national yield gaps ranged between 10 and 70%, with small gaps in many north-western European countries, and large gaps in eastern and south-western Europe. Yield gaps for rainfed and irrigated maize were consistently lower than those of wheat and barley. If the yield gaps of maize, wheat and barley would be reduced from 42% to 20% of potential yields, this would increase annual cereal production by 128 Mt (39%). Potential for higher cereal production exists predominantly in Eastern Europe, and half of Europe’s potential increase is located in Ukraine, Romania and Poland. Unlocking the identified potential for production growth requires a substantial increase of the crop N uptake of 4.8 Mt. Across Europe, the average N uptake gaps, to achieve 80% of the yield potential, were 87, 77 and 43 kg N ha−1 for wheat, barley and maize, respectively. Emphasis on increasing the N use efficiency is necessary to minimize the need for additional N inputs. Whether yield gap reduction is desirable and feasible is a matter of balancing Europe’s role in global food security, farm economic objectives and environmental targets. We received financial contributions from the strategic investment funds (IPOP) of Wageningen University & Research, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, MACSUR under EU FACCE-JPI which was funded through several national contributions, and TempAg (http://tempag.net/).
Published: 2018
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9. Synthesis and future research directions linking tree diversity to growth, survival, and damage in a global network of tree diversity experiments

Author: John D. Parker, Quentin Ponette, Nadia Barsoum, Martin Weih, Michael P. Perring, Jake J. Grossman, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Simone Mereu, Margot Vanhellemont, Helge Bruelheide, Dominique Gravel, Delphine Clara Zemp, Bart Muys, Kris Verheyen, Christian Messier, Michael Staab, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Hervé Jactel, Charles A. Nock, Alain Paquette, Jürgen Bauhus, Andreas Schuldt, Andy Hector, Bastien Castagneyrol, Holger Kreft, Peter B. Reich, Nico Eisenhauer, Olga Ferlian, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research [Great Britain], Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Leipzig University, Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford [Oxford], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, University of Western Australia, Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Department of Forest Resources, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Crop Production Ecology, and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, ecophysiology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, research infrastructure, plantation forest, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Generality, Herbivore, Ecology, herbivory, Longevity, pathogens, 15. Life on land, Facilitation, Spatial ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, biodiversity experiment, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Despite considerable research demonstrating that biodiversity increases productivity in forests and regulates herbivory and pathogen damage, there remain gaps in our understanding of the shape, magnitude, and generality of these biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. Here, we review findings from TreeDivNet, a global network of 25 tree diversity experiments, on relationships between levels of biodiversity and (a) tree growth and survival and (b) damage to trees from pests and pathogens. Tree diversity often improved the survival and above- and belowground growth of young trees. The mechanistic bases of the diversity effects on tree growth and survival include both selection effects (i.e., an increasing impact of particular species in more species-rich communities) and complementary effects (e.g. related to resource differentiation and facilitation). Plant traits and abiotic stressors may mediate these relationships. Studies of the responses of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage have demonstrated that trees in more diverse experimental plots may experience more, less, or similar damage compared to conspecific trees in less diverse plots. Documented mechanisms producing these patterns include changes in concentration, frequency, and apparency of hosts; herbivore and pathogen diet breadth; the spatial scale of interactions; and herbivore and pathogen regulation by natural enemies. Our review of findings from TreeDivNet indicates that tree diversity experiments are extending BEF research across systems and scales, complementing previous BEF work in grasslands by providing opportunities to use remote sensing and spectral approaches to study BEF dynamics, integrate belowground and aboveground approaches, and trace the consequences of tree physiology for ecosystem functioning. This extension of BEF research into tree-dominated systems is improving ecologists’ capacity to understand the mechanistic bases behind BEF relationships. Tree diversity experiments also present opportunities for novel research. Since experimental tree diversity plantations enable measurements at tree, neighbourhood and plot level, they allow for explicit consideration of temporal and spatial scales in BEF dynamics. Presently, most TreeDivNet experiments have run for less than ten years. Given the longevity of trees, exciting results on BEF relationships are expected in the future.
Published: 2018
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10. Early stage litter decomposition across biomes

Author: Umberto Morra di Cella, Sean P. Charles, Matteo Gualmini, Naoko Tokuchi, Michael Mirtl, Marta Lobão Lopes, Takeshi Ise, Inmaculada García Quirós, Geovana Carreño-Rocabado, Arne Verstraeten, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Thomas Zechmeister, Jill Thompson, Norbert Hölzel, Maroof Hamid, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Taiki Mori, José Marcelo Domingues Torezan, Dana Polyanskaya, Peter Haase, Björn Berg, Angela Stanisci, Issaka Senou, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Markus Wagner, Adriano Caliman, Laurel M. Brigham, Alejandro Valdecantos, Céline Meredieu, Kalifa Coulibaly, Margarida Santos-Reis, Georg Wohlfahrt, Regin Rønn, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Weih, Bernd Ahrends, Kaie Kriiska, Anja Schmidt, Luciana S. Carneiro, Ana I. Lillebø, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Ana I. Sousa, Sonja Wipf, Chi-Ling Chen, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, Sue J. Milton, Ivan Mihal, Ika Djukic, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Peter Fleischer, Tatsuro Nakaji, Cendrine Mony, Sara Puijalon, Rafael D. Guariento, Rosa Isela Meneses, Mihai Pușcaș, Pablo Luis Peri, Flurin Sutter, Kate Lajtha, Peter B. Reich, Lindsey E. Rustad, María Guadalupe Almazán Torres, Laura Williams, George L. Vourlitis, Evanilde Benedito, Arely N. Palabral-Aguilera, Luis Villar, Stefanie Hoeber, Juan J. Jiménez, Esperança Gacia, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Takanori Sato, Eric Lucot, Osvaldo Borges Pinto, Artur Stefanski, Andrew R. Smith, Takuo Hishi, Rosario G. Gavilán, Till Kleinebecker, Julia Seeber, Gina Arena, Marcelo Sternberg, Mo Jiangming, Tsutom Hiura, Satoshi N. Suzuki, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Christine Delire, Francisco Cuesta, Bill Parker, Mark Frenzel, Franz Zehetner, Vincent Maire, Edward Crawford, Heinke Jäger, Nicolas Lecomte, Tanaka Kenta, Yuji Kominami, Joseph C. Morina, Paige E. Weber, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marc Lebouvier, Pascal Vittoz, Jónína Sigríður Þorláksdóttir, Anne Probst, David Fuentes Delgado, Laura Yahdjian, Johan Neirynck, Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele, Bernard Bosman, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Yury Rozhkov, Ute Hamer, Henning Meesenburg, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Steffen Seitz, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Jess K. Zimmerman, Hans Verbeeck, Thomas Scholten, Elena Preda, Thomas Spiegelberger, Romain Georges, Stefan Löfgren, Ferdinand Kristöfel, Pierre Marmonier, Juha M. Alatalo, Katalin Szlavecz, Ana Carolina Ruiz Fernández, Johannes M. H. Knops, Rita Adrian, Vanessa Mendes Rêgo, Jean-Christophe Lata, Rafaella Canessa, Kathrin Käppeler, Andrea Fischer, Michael Bierbaumer, Jiří Doležal, Hideaki Shibata, Marcus Schaub, Zsolt Toth, Diyaa Radeideh, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Robert Kanka, William H. McDowell, Birgit Sattler, Jean-Luc Probst, Mioko Ataka, Katarína Gerhátová, Jawad Shoqeir, Stefan Stoll, Michael Danger, Sébastien Gogo, Katja Tielbörger, Laryssa Helena Ribeiro Pazianoto, Bo Yang, Franco L. Souza, John Loehr, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Michael J. Liddell, Sylvie Dousset, Dirk Wundram, Ralf Kiese, Yalin Hu, Miglena Zhiyanski, José-Luis Benito-Alonso, Katie A. Jennings, Tsutomu Enoki, Helena Cristina Serrano, Quentin Ponette, Helge Bruelheide, Simon Drollinger, Vincent Bretagnolle, Ivika Ostonen, Lambiénou Yé, Javier Roales, Philippe Choler, Madison Morley, Charles A. Nock, Grizelle González, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Cristina Branquinho, Hugo López Rosas, Nina V. Filippova, Erzsébet Hornung, Anzar A. Khuroo, Lourdes Morillas, Harald Auge, Andreas Bohner, Florian Kitz, Stephan Glatzel, Aurora Gaxiola, Marijn Bauters, Stefan Trogisch, Guylaine Canut, Oscar Romero, Hélène Verheyden, Yulia Zaika, Veronika Piscová, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Valentin H. Klaus, Elena Tropina, Michele Di Musciano, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Florian Hofhansl, Wenjun Zhou, Corinna Rebmann, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Zsolt Kotroczó, Evy Ampoorter, Michal Růžek, Jana Borovská, Jianwu Tang, Petr Petřík, Juan Dario Quinde, Simone Mereu, Esther Lévesque, Olga Ferlian, Veronika Fontana, Joël Merlet, Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, André-Jean Francez, Wentao Luo, Héctor Alejandro Bahamonde, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Brigitta Erschbamer, Christopher Andrews, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Martin Schädler, Luciano Di Martino, Verena Busch, Elli Groner, Victoria Carbonell, Michinari Matsushita, Maria Glushkova, Sarah Freda, Alain Paquette, Annie Ouin, Robert Weigel, Monique Carnol, Bohdan Juráni, Ian D. Yesilonis, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Hugo L. Rojas Villalobos, Alberto Humber, Martha Apple, Nico Eisenhauer, Claus Beier, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Hiroko Kurokawa, Nadia Barsoum, Thierry Camboulive, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Frank Berninger, Laura Dienstbach, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Inara Melece, Felipe Varela, Sally Wittlinger, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Marina Mazón, E. Carol Adair, Hanna Lee, István Fekete, Liesbeth van den Brink, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Ken Green, Heike Feldhaar, Jonathan von Oppen, Michele Carbognani, Lu Xiankai, Christophe Piscart, Fernando T. Maestre, Karibu Fukuzawa, Chiao-Ping Wang, Bart Muys, Lipeng Zhang, Harald Pauli, Inge van Halder, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Priscilla Muriel, Heather D. Alexander, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Victoria Ochoa, Casper T. Christiansen, Mohammed Alsafran, Thaisa Sala Michelan, Christel Baum, Amélie Saillard, Hervé Jactel, Markus Didion, Evgeny A. Davydov, Sabyasachi Dasgupta, Anna Avila, Andrijana Andrić, Kris Verheyen, Jörg Löffler, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Anikó Seres, Jutta Stadler, Milan Barna, Andrey V. Malyshev, Rebecca E. Hewitt, Joh R. Henschel, Peter I. Macreadie, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institute of Information Engineering [Beijing] (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Rostock, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department Computational Hydrosystems [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département de chimie-biologie & Centre d’études nordiques [CANADA], Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Area de Biodiversidad y Conservaciín, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Soil Research, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut du Développement rural (IDR), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie (CAP), Fondation Jean-Marcel Aubert, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou (CUP-D), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), USDA Forest Service, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Zurich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) - Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Canada Research in Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Department of Crop Production Ecology, University of Freiburg, Forest Research Institute- BAS, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversité (LADYBIO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leipzig University, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Limnology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museums, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Bangor University, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory RIKEN (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), 730938, Biological Interactions Doctoral Programme, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, 2/0101/18, Scientific Grant Agency VEGA, 2190, Fundación Charles Darwin, UID/AMB/50017, Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro, ILTER Initiative Grant, ClimMani Short-Term Scientific Missions Grant, ES1308-231015-068365, Austrian Environment Agency, SFRH/BPD/107823/2015, Portuguese Foundation, DEB-1557009, NSF, UID/BIA/00329/2013, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), University of Helsinki, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie, Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Lisbon, Université de Leipzig, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of Sassari, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Météo France (FRANCE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences - Department of Forest Soils, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science Politique Relations Internationales Territoire (SPIRIT), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Rostock [Germany], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Laboratoire de Comportement et d'Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Universidad de Puerto Rico, Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou, Université de Ouagadougou, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), LTSER Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Hokkaido University, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Djukic I., Kepfer-Rojas S., Schmidt I.K., Larsen K.S., Beier C., Berg B., Verheyen K., Caliman A., Paquette A., Gutierrez-Giron A., Humber A., Valdecantos A., Petraglia A., Alexander H., Augustaitis A., Saillard A., Fernandez A.C.R., Sousa A.I., Lillebo A.I., da Rocha Gripp A., Francez A.-J., Fischer A., Bohner A., Malyshev A., Andric A., Smith A., Stanisci A., Seres A., Schmidt A., Avila A., Probst A., Ouin A., Khuroo A.A., Verstraeten A., Palabral-Aguilera A.N., Stefanski A., Gaxiola A., Muys B., Bosman B., Ahrends B., Parker B., Sattler B., Yang B., Jurani B., Erschbamer B., Ortiz C.E.R., Christiansen C.T., Carol Adair E., Meredieu C., Mony C., Nock C.A., Chen C.-L., Wang C.-P., Baum C., Rixen C., Delire C., Piscart C., Andrews C., Rebmann C., Branquinho C., Polyanskaya D., Delgado D.F., Wundram D., Radeideh D., Ordonez-Regil E., Crawford E., Preda E., Tropina E., Groner E., Lucot E., Hornung E., Gacia E., Levesque E., Benedito E., Davydov E.A., Ampoorter E., Bolzan F.P., Varela F., Kristofel F., Maestre F.T., Maunoury-Danger F., Hofhansl F., Kitz F., Sutter F., Cuesta F., de Almeida Lobo F., de Souza F.L., Berninger F., Zehetner F., Wohlfahrt G., Vourlitis G., Carreno-Rocabado G., Arena G., Pinha G.D., Gonzalez G., Canut G., Lee H., Verbeeck H., Auge H., Pauli H., Nacro H.B., Bahamonde H.A., Feldhaar H., Jager H., Serrano H.C., Verheyden H., Bruelheide H., Meesenburg H., Jungkunst H., Jactel H., Shibata H., Kurokawa H., Rosas H.L., Rojas Villalobos H.L., Yesilonis I., Melece I., Van Halder I., Quiros I.G., Makelele I., Senou I., Fekete I., Mihal I., Ostonen I., Borovska J., Roales J., Shoqeir J., Lata J.-C., Theurillat J.-P., Probst J.-L., Zimmerman J., Vijayanathan J., Tang J., Thompson J., Dolezal J., Sanchez-Cabeza J.-A., Merlet J., Henschel J., Neirynck J., Knops J., Loehr J., von Oppen J., Thorlaksdottir J.S., Loffler J., Cardoso-Mohedano J.-G., Benito-Alonso J.-L., Torezan J.M., Morina J.C., Jimenez J.J., Quinde J.D., Alatalo J., Seeber J., Stadler J., Kriiska K., Coulibaly K., Fukuzawa K., Szlavecz K., Gerhatova K., Lajtha K., Kappeler K., Jennings K.A., Tielborger K., Hoshizaki K., Green K., Ye L., Pazianoto L.H.R., Dienstbach L., Williams L., Yahdjian L., Brigham L.M., van den Brink L., Rustad L., Zhang L., Morillas L., Xiankai L., Carneiro L.S., Di Martino L., Villar L., Bader M.Y., Morley M., Lebouvier M., Tomaselli M., Sternberg M., Schaub M., Santos-Reis M., Glushkova M., Torres M.G.A., Giroux M.-A., de Graaff M.-A., Pons M.-N., Bauters M., Mazon M., Frenzel M., Didion M., Wagner M., Hamid M., Lopes M.L., Apple M., Schadler M., Weih M., Gualmini M., Vadeboncoeur M.A., Bierbaumer M., Danger M., Liddell M., Mirtl M., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Ruzek M., Carbognani M., Di Musciano M., Matsushita M., Zhiyanski M., Puscas M., Barna M., Ataka M., Jiangming M., Alsafran M., Carnol M., Barsoum N., Tokuchi N., Eisenhauer N., Lecomte N., Filippova N., Holzel N., Ferlian O., Romero O., Pinto O.B., Peri P., Weber P., Vittoz P., Turtureanu P.D., Fleischer P., Macreadie P., Haase P., Reich P., Petrik P., Choler P., Marmonier P., Muriel P., Ponette Q., Guariento R.D., Canessa R., Kiese R., Hewitt R., Ronn R., Adrian R., Kanka R., Weigel R., Gatti R.C., Martins R.L., Georges R., Meneses R.I., Gavilan R.G., Dasgupta S., Wittlinger S., Puijalon S., Freda S., Suzuki S., Charles S., Gogo S., Drollinger S., Mereu S., Wipf S., Trevathan-Tackett S., Lofgren S., Stoll S., Trogisch S., Hoeber S., Seitz S., Glatzel S., Milton S.J., Dousset S., Mori T., Sato T., Ise T., Hishi T., Kenta T., Nakaji T., Michelan T.S., Camboulive T., Mozdzer T.J., Scholten T., Spiegelberger T., Zechmeister T., Kleinebecker T., Hiura T., Enoki T., Ursu T.-M., di Cella U.M., Hamer U., Klaus V.H., Rego V.M., Di Cecco V., Busch V., Fontana V., Piscova V., Carbonell V., Ochoa V., Bretagnolle V., Maire V., Farjalla V., Zhou W., Luo W., McDowell W.H., Hu Y., Utsumi Y., Kominami Y., Zaika Y., Rozhkov Y., Kotroczo Z., Toth Z., and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: DYNAMICS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Carbon turnover, 01 natural sciences, CARBON, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CLIMATE-CHANGE, биомы, Tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, Carbon turnover, TeaComposition initiative, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, TRAITS, Rooibos tea, IMPACTS, Environmental Engineering, почвенные процессы, chemistry.chemical_element, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Ingénierie de l'environnement, Green tea, Tea bag, TeaComposition initiative, Ecology and Environment, Atmosphere, подстилки, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, RATES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, оборот углерода, Science & Technology, Tea composition initiative, FEEDBACK, 15. Life on land, Decomposition, влияние климата, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, MODEL, экосистемы, chemistry, 13. Climate action, PATTERNS, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie::577 Ökologie, Carbon, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litter and methodologies, adding major uncertainty to syntheses, comparisons and meta-analyses across different experiments and sites. In the TeaComposition initiative, the potential litter decomposition is investigated by using standardized substrates (Rooibos and Green tea) for comparison of litter mass loss at 336 sites (ranging from -9 to +26 °C MAT and from 60 to 3113 mm MAP) across different ecosystems. In this study we tested the effect of climate (temperature and moisture), litter type and land-use on early stage decomposition (3 months) across nine biomes. We show that litter quality was the predominant controlling factor in early stage litter decomposition, which explained about 65% of the variability in litter decomposition at a global scale. The effect of climate, on the other hand, was not litter specific and explained
Published: 2018
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11. New gSSR and EST-SSR markers reveal high genetic diversity in the invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and can be transferred to other invasive Ambrosia species

Author: Meyer, Lucie, Causse, Romain, Pernin, Fanny, Scalone, Romain, Bailly, Géraldine, Chauvel, Bruno, Délye, Christophe, Le Corre, Valérie, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Sustainable Agriculture Department, BASF Agro SAS, BASF France SAS, EU COST Action FM203, Carl Trygger Foundation for Scientific Research (CTS), Short Term Scientific Mission [COST-STSM-FA1203-21009, CTS 14.425]valerie.le-corre@dijon.inra.fr, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: Genetic Markers, ASTERACEAE, Bioinformatics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA, LOCI, lcsh:Medicine, Invasive Species, Research and Analysis Methods, COMMON RAGWEED, Geographical Locations, Database and Informatics Methods, Species Colonization, Sequence Motif Analysis, POPULATION-STRUCTURE, CLIMATE-CHANGE, NULL ALLELES, R-PACKAGE, EUROPE, TESTS, Genetics, lcsh:Science, Alleles, Expressed Sequence Tags, Evolutionary Biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Biology, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetic Variation, Europe, Genetic Loci, People and Places, North America, lcsh:Q, France, Ambrosia, Introduced Species, Sequence Analysis, Population Genetics, Research Article
Abstract: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., (common ragweed), is an annual invasive and highly troublesome plant species originating from North America that has become widespread across Europe. New sets of genomic and expressed sequence tag (EST) based simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers were developed in this species using three approaches. After validation, 13 genomic SSRs and 13 EST-SSRs were retained and used to characterize the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations from the native (North America) and invasive (Europe) ranges of the species. Analysing the mating system based on maternal families did not reveal any departure from complete allogamy and excess homozygosity was mostly due the presence of null alleles. High genetic diversity and patterns of genetic structure in Europe suggest two main introduction events followed by secondary colonization events. Cross-species transferability of the newly developed markers to other invasive species of the Ambrosia genus was assessed. Sixty-five percent and 75% of markers, respectively, were transferable from A. artemisiifolia to Ambrosia psilostachya and Ambrosia tenuifolia. 40% were transferable to Ambrosia trifida, this latter species being seemingly more phylogenetically distantly related to A. artemisiifolia than the former two.
Published: 2017
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12. Organic farming increases richness of fungal taxa in the wheat phyllosphere

Author: Karlsson, Ida, Friberg, Hanna, Kolseth, Anna-Karin, Steinberg, Christian, Persson, Paula, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Agroécologie [Dijon], and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: winter-wheat, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Triticum aestivum, microbiome, multivariate analyses, diversity, microbiota, farming systems, Agricultural Science, diversity measures, Triticum, biodiversity, Sweden, cereals, Organic Agriculture, Ecology, Fungi, food and beverages, high-throughput sequencing, conventional wheat, Plant Leaves, communities, Microbiology (Microbiology in the medical area to be 30109), foliar pathogens, septoria-tritici, management
Abstract: International audience; Organic farming is often advocated as an approach to mitigate biodiversity loss on agricultural land. The phyllosphere provides a habitat for diverse fungal communities that are important for plant health and productivity. However, it is still unknown how organic farming affects the diversity of phyllosphere fungi in major crops. We sampled wheat leaves from 22 organically and conventionally cultivated fields in Sweden, paired based on their geographical location and wheat cultivar. Fungal communities were described using amplicon sequencing and real-time PCR. Species richness was higher on wheat leaves from organically managed fields, with a mean of 54 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) compared with 40 OTUs for conventionally managed fields. The main components of the fungal community were similar throughout the 350-km-long sampling area, and seven OTUs were present in all fields : Zymoseptoria, Dioszegia fristingensis, Cladosporium, Dioszegia hungarica, Cryptococcus, Ascochyta and Dioszegia. Fungal abundance was highly variable between fields, 10(3)-10(5) internal transcribed spacer copies per ng wheat DNA, but did not differ between cropping systems. Further analyses showed that weed biomass was the strongest explanatory variable for fungal community composition and OTU richness. These findings help provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effect of organic farming on the diversity of organism groups in different habitats within the agroecosystem.
Published: 2017
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13. Agricultural factors affecting Fusarium communities in wheat kernels

Author: Ida Karlsson, Hanna Friberg, Paula Persson, Anna-Karin Kolseth, Christian Steinberg, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning [2010-1945], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Fusarium, Gibberella, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Triticum aestivum, Food Contamination, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Abundance (ecology), Grain quality, Cultivar, Pathogen ecology, Agricultural Science, Mycotoxin, Triticum, Plant Diseases, Sweden, Biomass (ecology), High-throughput sequencing, Ecology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], biology, food and beverages, Agriculture, General Medicine, Mycotoxins, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology (Microbiology in the medical area to be 30109), 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, chemistry, Seeds, Pyrosequencing, Grain, Edible Grain, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereals caused by Fusarium fungi. The disease is of great economic importance especially owing to reduced grain quality due to contamination by a range of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium. Disease control and prediction is difficult because of the many Fusarium species associated with FHB. Different species may respond differently to control methods and can have both competitive and synergistic interactions. Therefore, it is important to understand how agricultural practices affect Fusarium at the community level. Lower levels of Fusariwn mycotoxin contamination of organically produced cereals compared with conventionally produced have been reported, but the causes of these differences are not well understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of agricultural factors on Fusarium abundance and community composition in different cropping systems. Winter wheat kernels were collected from 18 organically and conventionally cultivated fields in Sweden, paired based on their geographical distance and the wheat cultivar grown. We characterised the Fusarium community in harvested wheat kernels using 454 sequencing of translation elongation factor 1-alpha amplicons. In addition, we quantified Fusariwn spp. using real-time PCR to reveal differences in biomass between fields. We identified 12 Fusariwn operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a median of 4.5 OTUs per field. Fusarium graminearum was the most abundant species, while F. avenaceum had the highest occurrence. The abundance of Fusariwn spp. ranged two orders of magnitude between fields. Two pairs of Fusariurt species co-occurred between fields: F. poae with F. tricinctwn and F. culmorwn with F. sporofrichoides. We could not detect any difference in Fusariwn communities between the organic and conventional systems. However, agricultural intensity, measured as the number of pesticide applications and the amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied, had an impact on Fusariwn communities, specifically increasing the abundance of F. tricinctwn. There were geographical differences in the Fusarium community composition where F. graminearwn was more abundant in the western part of Sweden. The application of amplicon sequencing provided a comprehensive view of the Fusarium community in cereals. This gives us better opportunities to understand the ecology of Fusarium spp., which is important in order to limit FHB and mycotoxin contamination in cereals.
Published: 2017
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14. The implication of input data aggregation on up-scaling soil organic carbon changes

Author: Gang Zhao, Elisabet Lewan, Sren Gebbert, Claas Nendel, Zhigan Zhao, Thomas Gaiser, Edmar Teixeira, Edwin Haas, Elsa Coucheney, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Reimund Rtter, Giacomo Trombi, Frank Ewert, Enli Wang, Jagadeesh Yeluripati, Davide Cammarano, Marco Moriondo, Stefan Siebert, Matthias Kuhnert, Julie Constantin, Luca Doro, Daniel Wallach, Xenia Specka, Marco Bindi, Belay T. Kassie, Holger Hoffmann, Fulu Tao, Helene Raynal, Henrik Eckersten, Balzs Grosz, Rene Dechow, Senthold Asseng, Pier Paolo Roggero, Lutz Weihermller, Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Crop Science Group, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, The James Hutton Institute, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Systems Modeling Team (Sustainable Production Group), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence (UNIFI), Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Desertification Research Centre, University of Sassari, Desertification Research Centre - Department of Agricultural Sciences, CSIRO, Climate Impacts Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departement of Soil and Environment, Plant & Food Research, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), and University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, data aggregation, biogeochemical model, up-scaling error, Ecological Modeling, Up scaling, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, Common method, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Data availability, Data aggregator, soil organic carbon, North west, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Limit (mathematics), Software, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In up-scaling studies, model input data aggregation is a common method to cope with deficient data availability and limit the computational effort. We analyzed model errors due to soil data aggregation for modeled SOC trends. For a region in North West Germany, gridded soil data of spatial resolutions between 1km and 100km has been derived by majority selection. This data was used to simulate changes in SOC for a period of 30 years by 7 biogeochemical models. Soil data aggregation strongly affected modeled SOC trends. Prediction errors of simulated SOC changes decreased with increasing spatial resolution of model output. Output data aggregation only marginally reduced differences of model outputs between models indicating that errors caused by deficient model structure are likely to persist even if requirements on the spatial resolution of model outputs are low. Analysis of soil data aggregation on model errors of up-scaled SOC trends.Determination of factors controlling aggregation effects (AE) on modeled SOC trends.Comparison of variability between 7 biogeochemical models and AE.Development of ex ante methods to approximate AE for SOC simulation studies.
Published: 2017
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15. Microbial community structure and activity in trace element-contaminated soils phytomanaged by Gentle Remediation Options (GRO)

Author: Laura Giagnoni, Rafal Galazka, Markus Puschenreiter, Jolien Janssen, Ángeles Prieto-Fernández, Silke Neu, Jurate Kumpiene, J. Eriksson, Giancarlo Renella, Ioannis Dimitriou, Angela Sessitsch, Günter Brader, Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl, Jaco Vangronsveld, P.S. Kidd, Grzegorz Siebielec, Michel Mench, Ingo Müller, M. Touceda-González, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University delgi Studi di Firenze, Center for Health & Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Waste Science & Technology, Luleå University of Technology (LUT), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Departement of Soil and Environment, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG), Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, and Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU)-Institute of Silviculture
Subjects: Enzyme activity, Microbial community structure, Phytoexclusion, Phytoextraction, Phytostabilization, Bacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Biomass, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, Europe, France, Plants, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Trace Elements, Biodegradation, Environmental, Soil Microbiology, Environmental remediation, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Actinobacteria, Environmental, phytoextraction, Soil functions, phytoexclusion, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, phytostabilization, 2. Zero hunger, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, 6. Clean water, enzyme activity, Soil conditioner, Phytoremediation, Microbial population biology, 13. Climate action, microbial community structure, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Biodegradation, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis
Abstract: Gentle remediation options (GRO) are based on the combined use of plants, associated microorganisms and soil amendments, which can potentially restore soil functions and quality. We studied the effects of three GRO (aided-phytostabilisation, in situ stabilisation and phytoexclusion, and aided-phytoextraction) on the soil microbial biomass and respiration, the activities of hydrolase enzymes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, and S, and bacterial community structure of trace element contaminated soils (TECS) from six field trials across Europe. Community structure was studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of Bacteria, α - and β - Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria and Streptomycetaceae , and sequencing of DGGE bands characteristic of specific treatments. The number of copies of genes involved in ammonia oxidation and denitrification were determined by qPCR. Phytomanagement increased soil microbial biomass at three sites and respiration at the Biogeco site (France). Enzyme activities were consistently higher in treated soils compared to untreated soils at the Biogeco site. At this site, microbial biomass increased from 696 to 2352 mg ATP kg −1 soil, respiration increased from 7.4 to 40.1 mg C-CO 2 kg −1 soil d −1 , and enzyme activities were 2–11-fold higher in treated soils compared to untreated soil. Phytomanagement induced shifts in the bacterial community structure at both, the total community and functional group levels, and generally increased the number of copies of genes involved in the N cycle ( nirK , nirS , nosZ , and amoA ). The influence of the main soil physico-chemical properties and trace element availability were assessed and eventual site-specific effects elucidated. Overall, our results demonstrate that phytomanagement of TECS influences soil biological activity in the long term.
Published: 2016
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16. DATA Aggregation effects in regional yield simulations

Author: Hoffmann, Holger, Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Zhao, Gang, Asseng, Senthold, Bindi, Marco, Cammarano, Davide, Constantin, Julie, Coucheney, Elsa, Dechow, Rene, Doro, Luca, Eckersten, Henrik, Gaiser, Thomas, Grosz, Balazs, Haas, Edwin, Kassie, Belay T., Kiese, Ralf, Klatt, Steffen, Kuhnert, Matthias, Lewan, Elisabet, Moriondo, Marco, Nendel, Claas, Raynal, Helene, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Rötter, Reimund Paul, Siebert, Stefan J., Sosa, Carmen, Specka, Xenia, Tao, Fulu, Teixeira, Edmar, Trombi, Giacomo, Yeluripati, Jagadeesh, Vanuytrecht, Eline, Wallach, Daniel, Wang, Enli, Weihermueller, Lutz, Zhao, Zhigan, Ewert, Frank, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn-Division of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, University of Florida [Gainesville], University of Florence (UNIFI), The James Hutton Institute, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Texas A&M University System, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Instutute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Climate Impacts Group, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University delgi Studi di Firenze, Information and Computational Sciences Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), CSIRO, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), China Agricultural University, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departement of Soil and Environment, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Plant & Food Research, and China Agricultural University (CAU)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Session: AgMIP: Advances in Crop & Soil Model Intercomparison and Improvement Oral; Regional yield simulations with process-based models often rely on input data of coarse spatial resolution (Ewert et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2015). Using aggregated data as input for process-based models entails the risks of introducing so-called aggregation errors (AE). Such AE depend on the model structure in combination with the aggregation method, the type of aggregated data as well as its spatial heterogeneity. While the regional crop yield bias is usually
Published: 2016

17. Impact of climate aggregation over different scales on regional NPP modelling

Author: Kuhnert, Matthias, Yeluripati, Jagadeesh, Smith, Pete, Hoffmann, Holger, Zhao, Gang, Constantin, Julie, Raynal, Helene, Wallach, Daniel, Coucheney, Elsa, Lewan, Elisabet, Eckersten, Henrik, Specka, Xenia, Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Nendel, Claas, Grosz, Balázs, Dechow, Rene, Kiese, Ralf, Haas, Edwin, Klatt, Steffen, Teixeira, Edmar, Bindi, Marco, Trombi, Giacomo, Moriondo, Marco, Doro, Luca, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Zhao, Zhigan, Wang, Enli, Vanuytrecht, Eline, Tao, Fulu, Rötter, Reimund P., Cammarano, Davide, Asseng, Senthold, Weihermüller, Lutz, Siebert, Stefan, Gaiser, Thomas, Ewert, Frank, Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, The James Hutton Institute, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation /Crop Science Group, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Plant & Food Research, Department of Agri - food Production and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Desertification Research Group, University of Sassari, CSIRO, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Climate Impacts Group, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, University of Florence (UNIFI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, and University of Florida [Gainesville]
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: In spatial modelling of Net Primary Productivity (NPP), predictability and uncertainty depends on the availability of input data, as well as on the scale of the available data sets. Therefore, the study presented here quantifies the impact of aggregation effect of input data of different scales for a regional modelling approach using 5 different resolutions. As part of this study, the presentation focuses on the impact of the climate aggregation on the simulation of NPP. The effect is investigated on the model results of 11 different crop and biogeochemical modelssimulating NPP for wheat and maize for the area of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The focus of the study is on the impact of drought effects across the scales considered. The data are analysed on annual time steps we followed two approaches to investigate the impact of water limitation on primary production: First, two model runs, one considers water limitation and the other one ignores the impacts of water limitation on plant production second, an external definition of dry conditions by a drought index, only considering climate data, enables a separation of grid-cells and years with drought impacts, independent of the model internal functions. The results show hardly any difference between the overall average NPP across the scales, but some variability for the impact of extreme weather conditions on the simulated NPP.
Published: 2016

18. Responses of soil nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching on climate, soil and management input data aggregation: a biogeochemistry model ensemble study

Author: Haas, Edwin, Kiese, Ralf, Klatt, Steffen, Hoffmann, Holger, Zhao, Gang, Ewert, Frank, Constantin, Julie, Raynal, Helene, Coucheney, Elsa, Lewan, Elisabeth, Sosa, Carmen, Dechow, Rene, Grosz, Balazs, Eckersten, Henrik, Gaiser, Thomas, Kuhnert, Matthias, Smith, Paul, Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Nendel, Claas, Specka, Xenia, Wang, E., Zhang, Zhaoliang, Weihermüller, Lutz, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Crop Science Group, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Department of Crop Production Ecology, University of Aberdeen, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), CSIRO, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Responses of soil nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching on climate, soil and management input data aggregation: a biogeochemistry model ensemble study. iCROPM 2016 International Crop Modelling Symposium "Crop Modelling for Agriculture and Food Security under Global Change"
Published: 2016

19. Impacts of soil and weather data aggregation in spatial modelling of net primary production of croplands

Author: Matthias Kuhnert, Yeluripati, Jagadeesh B., Pete Smith, Holger Hoffmann, Julie Constantin, Elsa Coucheney, Rene Dechow, Henrik Eckersten, Thomas Gaiser, Balázs Grosz, Edwin Haas, Kurt-Christian Kersebaum, Ralf Kiese, Klatt, S., Elisabet Lewan, Claas Nendel, Helene Raynal, Sosa, C., Xenia Specka, Edmar Teixeira, Wang, E., Lutz Weihermueller, Gang Zhao, Zhigan Zhao, Frank Ewert, School of Biological Sciences [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, The James Hutton Institute, Crop Science Group, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, CSIRO, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departement of Soil and Environment, and Plant & Food Research
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Impacts of soil and weather data aggregation in spatial modelling of net primary production of croplands. iCROPM 2016 International Crop Modelling Symposium "Crop Modelling for Agriculture and Food Security under Global Change"
Published: 2016

20. Genus-Specific Primers for Study of Fusarium Communities in Field Samples

Author: Anna-Karin Kolseth, Véronique Edel-Hermann, Ida Karlsson, Nadine Gautheron, Christian Steinberg, Hanna Friberg, Paula Persson, Mikael Brandström Durling, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, and Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning [2010-1945]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Fusarium, Species complex, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Peptide Elongation Factor 1, Species Specificity, Botany, Methods, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Amino Acid Sequence, Mycotoxin, Relative species abundance, Phylogeny, Soil Microbiology, Triticum, DNA Primers, Fungal protein, Ecology, biology, food and beverages, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Phylogenetic diversity, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Nested polymerase chain reaction, Soil microbiology, Sequence Alignment, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract: Fusarium is a large and diverse genus of fungi of great agricultural and economic importance, containing many plant pathogens and mycotoxin producers. To date, high-throughput sequencing of Fusarium communities has been limited by the lack of genus-specific primers targeting regions with high discriminatory power at the species level. In the present study, we evaluated two Fusarium -specific primer pairs targeting translation elongation factor 1 (TEF1). We also present the new primer pair Fa+7/Ra+6. Mock Fusarium communities reflecting phylogenetic diversity were used to evaluate the accuracy of the primers in reflecting the relative abundance of the species. TEF1 amplicons were subjected to 454 high-throughput sequencing to characterize Fusarium communities. Field samples from soil and wheat kernels were included to test the method on more-complex material. For kernel samples, a single PCR was sufficient, while for soil samples, nested PCR was necessary. The newly developed primer pairs Fa+7/Ra+6 and Fa/Ra accurately reflected Fusarium species composition in mock DNA communities. In field samples, 47 Fusarium operational taxonomic units were identified, with the highest Fusarium diversity in soil. The Fusarium community in soil was dominated by members of the Fusarium incarnatum-Fusarium equiseti species complex, contradicting findings in previous studies. The method was successfully applied to analyze Fusarium communities in soil and plant material and can facilitate further studies of Fusarium ecology.
Published: 2016
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21. Contributions of a global network of tree diversity experiments to sustainable forest plantations

Author: Helge Bruelheide, Martin Weih, Douglas L. Godbold, Peter B. Reich, Michel Loreau, Andy Hector, Andrew R. Smith, Kris Verheyen, Josephine Haase, Margot Vanhellemont, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, John D. Parker, Bart Muys, Nadia Barsoum, Michael P. Perring, Julia Koricheva, Lander Baeten, Bastien Castagneyrol, Philippe Nolet, Alain Paquette, Christopher Baraloto, Catherine Potvin, Simone Mereu, Simon Bilodeau-Gauthier, Quentin Ponette, Christian Messier, Harald Auge, Hervé Jactel, Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Institute for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University (FIU), Department of Botany, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Ecosystem Management, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute Agricultural Science (ETH Zurich), Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford [Oxford], School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, University of Sassari, Division on Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (IAFES), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Institut des Sciences de la Forêt tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Département des Sciences naturelles, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Department of Biology [Montréal], McGill University, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University (UWS), School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Forest Research [Great Britain], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Western Sydney University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Oxford, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), and Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Technology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Functional biodiversity research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sustainable forest management, Geography, Planning and Development, ecological restoration, Biodiversity, TROPICAL FORESTS, INSECTS, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, Forests, Plantation forest, Procedures, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Trees, BIOMASS, Engineering, plantation forest, Conservation Of Natural Resources, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Timber Industry, PRODUCTIVITY, Experimental Design, Environmental resource management, General Medicine, functional biodiversity research, Forest Management, Geography, Data Acquisition, Sustainability, Perspective, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, HERBIVORY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Tree, Environmental Monitoring, Conservation of Natural Resources, Carbon Sequestration, Pest Resistance, Vulnerability, Forestry Policy, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, STANDS, Sustainable Forestry, Global network, biodiversity experiments, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Forest, Restoration ecology, Ecological restoration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Resistance (ecology), Global Perspective, business.industry, Biodiversity experiments, Engineering, Environmental, Restoration Ecology, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Plantation Forestry, sustainable forest management, DENSITY, Genotype-environment Interaction, business, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Protection
Abstract: The area of forest plantations is increasing worldwide helping to meet timber demand and protect natural forests. However, with global change, monospecific plantations are increasingly vulnerable to abiotic and biotic disturbances. As an adaption measure we need to move to plantations that are more diverse in genotypes, species, and structure, with a design underpinned by science. TreeDivNet, a global network of tree diversity experiments, responds to this need by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of mixed species plantations. The network currently consists of 18 experiments, distributed over 36 sites and five ecoregions. With plantations 1-15 years old, TreeDivNet can already provide relevant data for forest policy and management. In this paper, we highlight some early results on the carbon sequestration and pest resistance potential of more diverse plantations. Finally, suggestions are made for new, innovative experiments in understudied regions to complement the existing network. ispartof: Ambio vol:45 issue:1 pages:29-41 ispartof: location:Sweden status: published
Published: 2016
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22. Impact of Spatial Soil and Climate Input Data Aggregation on Regional Yield Simulations

Author: Hoffmann, Holger, Zhao, Gang, Asseng, Senthold, Bindi, Marco, Biernath, Christian, Constantin, Julie, Coucheney, Elsa, Dechow, Rene, Doro, Luca, Eckersten, Henrik, Gaiser, Thomas, Grosz, Balázs, Heinlein, Florian, Kassie, Belay T., Klein, Christian, Kuhnert, Matthias, Lewan, Elisabet, Moriondo, Marco, Nendel, Claas, Priesack, Eckart, Raynal, Helene, Roggero, Pier P., Rötter, Reimund P., Siebert, Stefan, Specka, Xenia, Tao, Fulu, Teixeira, Edmar, Trombi, Giacomo, Wallach, Daniel, Weihermüller, Lutz, Yeluripati, Jagadeesh, Ewert, Frank, Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Crop Science Group, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University delgi Studi di Firenze, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Soil and Environment, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, Desertification Research Group, University of Sassari, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institute of landscape systems analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), University of Aberdeen, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Environmental Impacts Group, Natural resources institute Finland, Plant & Food Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Craigiebuckler, The James Hutton Institute, German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) through Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE) [2851ERA01J], FACCE MACSUR through Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MMM) [3200009600], Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning [220-2007-1218], faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), INRA ACCAF metaprogram, UR MIAT INRA, Helmholtz project 'REKLIM - Regional Climate Change', HGF Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics' (EDA), German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) [FOR1695], German Science Foundation [EW 119/5-1], Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), and Hoffmann, Holger
Subjects: winter-wheat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Databases, Factual, SYSTEMS SIMULATION, NITROGEN DYNAMICS, WINTER-WHEAT, CROP MODELS, DATA RESOLUTION, SCALE, WATER, VARIABILITY, CALIBRATION, WEATHER, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], nitrogen dynamics, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Geographical Locations, Soil, Yield (wine), Agricultural Soil Science, Germany, Range (statistics), [MATH]Mathematics [math], Triticum, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Simulation and Modeling, Sampling (statistics), Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plants, data resolution, Europe, Agricultural soil science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Wheat, Medicine, ddc:500, Seasons, Maize, Simulation and modeling, Winter, Cereal crops, Research Article, Crops, Agricultural, Climate Change, Science, Soil Science, Soil science, Crops, Research and Analysis Methods, Zea mays, crop models, scale, Model Organisms, Plant and Algal Models, Calibration, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Computer Simulation, Grasses, Agricultural Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, AGR/02 Agronomia e coltivazioni erbacee, variability, Crop yield, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Water, Oryza, 15. Life on land, calibration, Data aggregator, 13. Climate action, People and Places, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Earth Sciences, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, systems, Scale (map), water, Crop Science, Cereal Crops
Abstract: International audience; We show the error in water-limited yields simulated by crop models which is associated with spatially aggregated soil and climate input data. Crop simulations at large scales (regional, national, continental) frequently use input data of low resolution. Therefore, climate and soil data are often generated via averaging and sampling by area majority. This may bias simulated yields at large scales, varying largely across models. Thus, we evaluated the error associated with spatially aggregated soil and climate data for 14 crop models. Yields of winter wheat and silage maize were simulated under water-limited production conditions. We calculated this error from crop yields simulated at spatial resolutions from 1 to 100 km for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Most models showed yields biased by
Published: 2016
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23. Impact analysis of climate data aggregation at different spatial scales on simulated net primary productivity for croplands

Author: Frank Ewert, Stephen M. Ogle, Lutz Weihermüller, Holger Hoffmann, Gang Zhao, Edmar Teixeira, Pete Smith, Xenia Specka, Balász Grosz, Thomas Gaiser, Zhigan Zhao, Ralf Kiese, Helene Raynal, Matthias Kuhnert, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Rene Dechow, Jagadeesh Yeluripati, Elisabet Lewan, Claas Nendel, Enli Wang, Elsa Coucheney, Edwin Haas, Marcel van Oijen, Carmen Sosa, Julie Constantin, Henrik Eckersten, Steffen Klatt, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, (SFIRC), Crop Science Group, INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Systems Modelling Team (Sustainable Production Group), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, CSIRO, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departement of Soil and Environment, and Plant & Food Research
Subjects: extreme events, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, data aggregation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Growing season, Plant Science, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Extreme weather, Range (statistics), Data and Information, Spatial analysis, climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, npp, Ecology, Phenology, scaling, Primary production, net primary production, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Agriculture and Soil Science, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Monoculture, Scale (map), Agronomy and Crop Science, crop modelling
Abstract: For spatial crop and agro-systems modelling, there is often a discrepancy between the scale of measured driving data and the target resolution. Spatial data aggregation is often necessary, which can introduce additional uncertainty into the simulation results. Previous studies have shown that climate data aggregation has little effect on simulation of phenological stages, but effects on net primary production (NPP) might still be expected through changing the length of the growing season and the period of grain filling. This study investigates the impact of spatial climate data aggregation on NPP simulation results, applying eleven different models for the same study region (∼34,000 km2), situated in Western Germany. To isolate effects of climate, soil data and management were assumed to be constant over the entire study area and over the entire study period of 29 years. Two crops, winter wheat and silage maize, were tested as monocultures. Compared to the impact of climate data aggregation on yield, the effect on NPP is in a similar range, but is slightly lower, with only small impacts on averages over the entire simulation period and study region. Maximum differences between the five scales in the range of 1–100 km grid cells show changes of 0.4–7.8% and 0.0–4.8% for wheat and maize, respectively, whereas the simulated potential NPP averages of the models show a wide range (1.9–4.2 g C m−2 d−1 and 2.7–6.1 g C m−2 d−1 for wheat and maize, respectively). The impact of the spatial aggregation was also tested for shorter time periods, to see if impacts over shorter periods attenuate over longer periods. The results show larger impacts for single years (up to 9.4% for wheat and up to 13.6% for maize). An analysis of extreme weather conditions shows an aggregation effect in vulnerability up to 12.8% and 15.5% between the different resolutions for wheat and maize, respectively. Simulations of NPP averages over larger areas (e.g. regional scale) and longer time periods (several years) are relatively insensitive to climate data aggregation. However, the scale of climate data is more relevant for impacts on annual averages of NPP or if the period is strongly affected or dominated by drought stress. There should be an awareness of the greater uncertainty for the NPP values in these situations if data are not available at high resolution. On the other hand, the results suggest that there is no need to simulate at high resolution for long term regional NPP averages based on the simplified assumptions (soil and management constant in time and space) used in this study.
Published: 2016
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24. Specific root length as an indicator of environmental change

Author: Odair Alberton, Mark R. Bakker, Ivika Ostonen, Daniel B. Metcalfe, Elena Vanguelova, Krista Lõhmus, C. Biel, Martin Weih, Ivano Brunner, A. F. M. Olsthoorn, Annette Pronk, U. Puttsepp, Hooshang Majdi, University of Tartu, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Transfert Sol-Plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les Ecosystèmes Cultivés (TCEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Van Hall Larenstein University of Professional Education, Plant Research International (PRI), Environmental and Human Sciences Division, Forest Research [Great Britain], Department of Crop Production Ecology, and Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, STRESS, Environmental change, FACTEUR DU MILIEU, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology (disciplines), Plant Science, Root system, Biology, PRI Agrosysteemkunde, 01 natural sciences, Root length, FERTILIZATION, Botany, potential growth-rate, spruce picea-abies, Wageningen Environmental Research, INDICATOR, Bodembiologie, elevated atmospheric co2, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, soil solution chemistry, silver birch, fine-root, Soil solution chemistry, FINE ROOT MORPHOLOGY, Soil Biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, pine pinus-sylvestris, Centrum Ecosystemen, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, l. karst, norway spruce, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agrosystems, nutrient availability, SPECIFIC ROOT LENGTH, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Specific root length (SRL, m g(-1)) is probably the most frequently measured morphological parameter of fine roots. It is believed to characterize economic aspects of the root system and to be indicative of environmental changes. The main objectives of this paper were to review and summarize the published SRL data for different tree species throughout Europe and to assess SRL under varying environmental conditions. Meta-analysis was used to summarize the response of SRL to the following manipulated environmental conditions: fertilization, irrigation, elevated temperature, elevated CO2, Al-stress, reduced light, heavy metal stress and physical disturbance of soil. SRL was found to be strongly dependent on the fine root classes, i.e. on the ectomycorrhizal short roots (ECM), and on the roots < 0.5 mm, < 1 mm, < 2 mm and 1-2 mm in diameter SRL was largest for ECM and decreased with increasing diameter. Changes in soil factors influenced most strongly the SRL of ECM and roots < 0.5 mm. The variation in the SRL components, root diameter and root tissue density, and their impact on the SRL value were computed. Meta-analyses showed that SRL decreased significantly under fertilization and Al-stress; it responded negatively to reduced light, elevated temperature and CO2. We suggest that SRL can be used successfully as an indicator of nutrient availability to trees in experimental conditions.
Published: 2007
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25. Effect of weather data aggregation on regional crop simulation for different crops, production conditions, and response variables

Author: Gunther Krauss, Marco Moriondo, Holger Hoffmann, Claas Nendel, Matthias Kuhnert, Julie Constantin, Frank Ewert, Lenny G.J. van Bussel, Elisabet Lewan, Zhigan Zhao, Thomas Gaiser, Henrik Eckersten, Balázs Grosz, Edmar Teixeira, Eline Vanuytrecht, Ralf Kiese, Xenia Specka, Reimund P. Rötter, Jagadeesh Yeluripati, Stefan Siebert, Pier Paolo Roggero, Davide Cammarano, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Edwin Haas, Giacomo Trombi, Luca Doro, Gang Zhao, Enli Wang, Daniel Wallach, Carmen Sosa, Marco Bindi, Andreas Enders, Fulu Tao, Helene Raynal, Senthold Asseng, Michaela Bach, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of landscape systems analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, University of Aberdeen, The James Hutton Institute, Agrifood Research Finland, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Systems Modelling Team (Sustainable Production Group), Plant & Food Research, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Division Soil and Water Management, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University delgi Studi di Firenze, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), BMBF/BMELV project on 'Modeling European Agriculture with Climate Change for Food Security (MACSUR)' [2812ERA115], Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning [220-2007-1218], strategic funding 'Soil-Water-Landscape' from the faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), Royal Society of New Zealand, and Climate Changes, Impacts and Implications for New Zealand Project (CCII)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, Mean squared error, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Growing season, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Atmospheric sciences, Scaling, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Crop, Evapotranspiration, Environmental Chemistry, Water-use efficiency, Crop model, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Spatial resolution, Model comparison, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Spatial heterogeneity, Data aggregation, Geography, Plant Production Systems, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Spatial variability, Cropping
Abstract: International audience; We assessed the weather data aggregation effect (DAE) on the simulation of cropping systems for different crops, response variables, and production conditions. Using 13 process-based crop models and the ensemble mean, we simulated 30 yr continuous cropping systems for 2 crops (winter wheat and silage maize) under 3 production conditions for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The DAE was evaluated for 5 weather data resolutions (i.e. 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 km) for 3 response variables including yield, growing season evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency. Five metrics, viz. the spatial bias (Delta), average absolute deviation (AAD), relative AAD, root mean squared error (RMSE), and relative RMSE, were used to evaluate the DAE on both the input weather data and simulated results. For weather data, we found that data aggregation narrowed the spatial variability but widened the., especially across mountainous areas. The DAE on loss of spatial heterogeneity and hotspots was stronger than on the average changes over the region. The DAE increased when coarsening the spatial resolution of the input weather data. The DAE varied considerably across different models, but changed only slightly for different production conditions and crops. We conclude that if spatially detailed information is essential for local management decision, higher resolution is desirable to adequately capture the spatial variability for heterogeneous regions. The required resolution depends on the choice of the model as well as the environmental condition of the study area.
Published: 2015
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26. Variability of effects of spatial climate data aggregation on regional yield simulation by crop models

Author: Edwin Haas, Daniel Wallach, Fulu Tao, Helene Raynal, Jagadeesh Yeluripati, Gunther Krauss, Claas Nendel, Thomas Gaiser, Zhigan Zhao, Henrik Eckersten, Elisabeth Lewan, Stefan Siebert, Edmar Teixeira, Frank Ewert, Steffen Klatt, Carmen Sosa, Holger Hoffmann, Julie Constantin, Senthold Asseng, Andreas Enders, Luca Doro, L.G.J. van Bussel, Xenia Specka, Enli Wang, Davide Cammarano, Matthias Kuhnert, Gang Zhao, Ralf Kiese, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Eline Vanuytrecht, Pier Paolo Roggero, Balázs Grosz, Reimund P. Rötter, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of landscape systems analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, University of Aberdeen, The James Hutton Institute, Climate Impacts Group, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Plant & Food Research, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, Desertification Research Group, University of Sassari, Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), and University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Atmospheric Science, Crop simulation model, crop simulation model, Yield (finance), yield simulation, Atmospheric sciences, Scaling, Environmental Chemistry, Variability, Input data, Image resolution, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, variability, Crop yield, scaling, Model comparison, input data, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Yield simulation, Field (geography), Data aggregator, Geography, Agronomy, Plant Production Systems, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, model comparison, spatial aggregation effects, Spatial aggregation effects, Arable land, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: Field-scale crop models are often applied at spatial resolutions coarser than that of the arable field. However, little is known about the response of the models to spatially aggregated climate input data and why these responses can differ across models. Depending on the model, regional yield estimates from large-scale simulations may be biased, compared to simulations with high-resolution input data. We evaluated this so-called aggregation effect for 13 crop models for the region of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. The models were supplied with climate data of 1 km resolution and spatial aggregates of up to 100 km resolution raster. The models were used with 2 crops (winter wheat and silage maize ) and 3 production situations (potential, waterlimited and nitrogen-water- imited growth) to improve the understanding of errors in model simulations related to data aggregation and possible interactions with the model structure. The most important climate variables identified in determining the model-specific input data aggregation on simulated yields were mainly related to changes in radiation (wheat) and temperature (maize). Additionally, aggregation effects were systematic, regardless of the extent of the effect. Climate input data aggregation changed the mean simulated regional yield by up to 0.2 t ha−1, whereas simulated yields from single years and models differed considerably, depending on the data aggregation. This implies that large-scale crop yield simulations are robust against climate data aggregation. However, large-scale simulations can be systematically biased when being evaluated at higher temporal or spatial resolution depending on the model and its parameterization. ispartof: Climate Research vol:65 pages:53-69 status: published
Published: 2015
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27. Fungicide effects on fungal community composition in the wheat phyllosphere

Author: Karlsson, Ida, Friberg, Hanna, Steinberg, Christian, Persson, Paula, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Crop Production Ecology, and Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning 2010-1945
Subjects: lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.TOX.TVM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Vegetal toxicology and mycotoxicology, Crops, Vegetal toxicology and mycotoxicology, Microbial Ecology, Ascomycota, blé, phyllosphere, Pesticides, Agricultural Science, lcsh:Science, Triticum, Plant Diseases, Ecology, fongicide, Basidiomycota, Toxicologie végétale et mycotoxicologie, suède, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Environmental and Society, lcsh:R, Organisms, Fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, food and beverages, Agriculture, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, environnement, Fungicides, Industrial, Plant Leaves, Microbiology (Microbiology in the medical area to be 30109), Community Ecology, Wheat, lcsh:Q, Microbiome, Environnement et Société, Agrochemicals, Research Article, Crop Science, Cereal Crops
Abstract: The fungicides used to control diseases in cereal production can have adverse effects on non-target fungi, with possible consequences for plant health and productivity. This study examined fungicide effects on fungal communities on winter wheat leaves in two areas of Sweden. High-throughput 454 sequencing of the fungal ITS2 region yielded 235 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the species level from the 18 fields studied. It was found that commonly used fungicides had moderate but significant effect on fungal community composition in the wheat phyllosphere. The relative abundance of several saprotrophs was altered by fungicide use, while the effect on common wheat pathogens was mixed. The fungal community on wheat leaves consisted mainly of basidiomycete yeasts, saprotrophic ascomycetes and plant pathogens. A core set of six fungal OTUs representing saprotrophic species was identified. These were present across all fields, although overall the difference in OTU richness was large between the two areas studied.
Published: 2014
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28. Ecosystem function enhanced by combining four functional types of plant species in intensively managed grassland mixtures: a 3-year continental-scale field experiment

Author: Finn, John A., Kirwan, Laura, Connolly, John, Sebastià, M. Teresa, Helgadottir, Aslaug, Baadshaug, Ole H., Bélanger, Gilles, Black, Alistair, Brophy, Caroline, Collins, Rosemary P., Čop, Jure, Dalmannsdóttir, Sigridur, Delgado, Ignacio, Elgersma, Anjo, Fothergill, Michael, Frankow-Lindberg, Bodil E., Ghesquiere, An, Golinska, Barbara, Golinski, Piotr, Grieu, Philippe, Gustavsson, Anne-Maj, Höglind, Mats, Huguenin-Elie, Olivier, Jørgensen, Marit, Kadziuliene, Zydre, Kurki, Päivi, Llurba, Rosa, Lunnan, Tor, Porqueddu, Claudio, Suter, Matthias, Thumm, Ulrich, Lüscher, Andreas, Wilsey, Brian, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Environment Research Centre, Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT), School of Mathematical Sciences [Dublin], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Escola Technica Superior d'Enginyeria Agraria, Partenaires INRAE, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Agricultural University of Iceland, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), National University of Ireland Maynooth (Maynooth University), Aberystwyth University, University of Ljubljana, Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (CITA), Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Department of grassland and natural landscape sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Agroscope, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Plant Production Research, Agrifood Research Finland, Universitat de Lleida, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and University of Hohenheim
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], forage yield, Monocultures, Biodiversity, nitrogen-fixation, agronomic mixtures, diversity effect, ecosystem function, functional groups, monocultures, resource efficiency, sustainable intensification, traits, transgressive overyielding, 01 natural sciences, Agronomic mixtures, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Sustainable intensification, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Groep Elgersma, PE&RC, Traits, pasture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Functional groups, Species evenness, evenness, Forage yield, productivity, Transgressive overyielding, Field experiment, Biology, diversity, Resource efficiency, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, impacts, Sowing, forage, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Diversity effect, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, systems, Ecosystem function, Species richness, Monoculture, Weed, richness, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; A coordinated continental‐scale field experiment across 31 sites was used to compare the biomass yield of monocultures and four species mixtures associated with intensively managed agricultural grassland systems. To increase complementarity in resource use, each of the four species in the experimental design represented a distinct functional type derived from two levels of each of two functional traits, nitrogen acquisition (N 2‐fixing legume or nonfixing grass) crossed with temporal development (fast‐establishing or temporally persistent). Relative abundances of the four functional types in mixtures were systematically varied at sowing to vary the evenness of the same four species in mixture communities at each site and sown at two levels of seed density. Across multiple years, the total yield (including weed biomass) of the mixtures exceeded that of the average monoculture in >97% of comparisons. It also exceeded that of the best monoculture (transgressive overyielding) in about 60% of sites, with a mean yield ratio of mixture to best‐performing monoculture of 1·07 across all sites. Analyses based on yield of sown species only (excluding weed biomass) demonstrated considerably greater transgressive overyielding (significant at about 70% of sites, ratio of mixture to best‐performing monoculture = 1·18). Mixtures maintained a resistance to weed invasion over at least 3 years. In mixtures, median values indicate
Published: 2013
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29. Strong presence of the high grain protein content allele of NAM-B1 in Fennoscandian wheat

Author: Linnéa Asplund, François Balfourier, Jenny Hagenblad, Catherine Ravel, Matti W. Leino, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Lagersberg foundation, Carl Tryggers foundation, Helge Ax:son Johnsson foundation, FORMAS, and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Genotype, Plant genetics, Introgression, Biology, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, Genetics, Cultivar, Plant breeding, Allele, Alleles, Triticum, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Ecotype, 0303 health sciences, Wild type, food and beverages, General Medicine, Europe, Agronomy, Seeds, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract: ISI Document Delivery No.: 035MX Times Cited: 2; Grain protein content in wheat has been shown to be affected by the NAM-B1 gene where the wildtype allele confers high levels of protein and micronutrients but can reduce yield. Two known non-functional alleles instead increase yield but lead to lower levels of protein and micronutrients. The wildtype allele in hexaploid bread wheat is so far mainly known from historical specimens and a few lines with an emmer wheat introgression. Here we report a screening for the wildtype allele in wheats of different origin. First, a worldwide core collection of 367 bread wheats with worldwide origin was screened and five accessions carrying the wildtype NAM-B1 allele were found. Several of these could be traced to a Fennoscandian origin and the wildtype allele was more frequent in spring wheat. These findings, together with the late maturation of spring wheat, suggested that the faster maturation caused by the wildtype allele might have preserved it in areas with a short growing season. Thus a second set consisting of 138 spring wheats of a northern origin was screened and as many as 33 % of the accessions had the wildtype allele, all of a Fennoscandian origin. The presence of the wildtype allele in landraces and cultivars is in agreement with the use of landraces in Fennoscandian wheat breeding. Last, 22 spelt wheats, a wheat type previously suggested to carry the wildtype allele, were screened and five wildtype accessions found. The wildtype NAM-B1 accessions found could be a suitable material for plant breeding efforts directed towards increasing the nutrient content of bread wheat.
Published: 2013
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30. Coincidence of variation in yield and climate in Europe

Author: Jørgen E. Olesen, Bernard Seguin, Ben Schaap, Anne Gobin, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Miroslav Trnka, Jerzy Kozyra, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Lauri Jauhiainen, Simone Orlandini, P. Calanca, Fabio Micale, Anna Dalla Marta, Suresh Kumar, Josef Eitzinger, Arne Oddvar Skjelvåg, Henrik Eckersten, Agrifood Research Finland, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Department of Agroecology and Environment, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Air Pollution and Climate Group, Agroscope, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institute of Meteorology, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Environmental Modelling Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Institute of landscape systems analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG), National University of Ireland (NUI), Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Maine, Joint Research center, European Commission, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), and MSM6215648905
Subjects: OILSEED RAPE, Rapeseed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land Use and Food Security, BARLEY, drought, 01 natural sciences, agricultural meteorology, Yield (wine), Evapotranspiration, gewasopbrengst, TEMPERATURE, COLZA, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, POTATO, europa, YIELD DEVIATION, quality, weather, PRECIPITATION, Sugar beet, europe, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, WHEAT, weer, key, veldgewassen, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, grain-growth, business.industry, variability, Crop yield, high-temperature, barley, Landgebruik en Voedselzekerheid, 15. Life on land, crop yield, biology.organism_classification, crops, field crops, Agronomy, Relative yield, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, VIARIABILITY, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, SOLAR RADIATION, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, agrometeorologie, SUGAR BEET
Abstract: We aimed to characterise the coincidence of yield variations with weather variables for major field crops using long-term datasets and reveal whether there are commonalities across the European agricultural regions. Long-term national and/or regional yield datasets were used from 14 European countries (total of 25 regions). Crops studied were spring and winter barley and wheat, winter oilseed rape, potato and sugar beet. Relative yield deviations were determined for all crops. Meteorological data on monthly means for temperature variables, solar radiation, accumulated precipitation and evapotranspiration were provided for the relevant agricultural regions of each country for 1975-2008. Harmful effects of high precipitation during grain-filling in grain and seed crops and at flowering in oilseed rape were recorded. In potato reduced precipitation at tuber formation was associated with yield penalties. Elevated temperatures had harmful effects for cereals and rapeseed yields. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., JRC.H.4-Monitoring Agricultural Resources
Published: 2010
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31. Optimized irrigation and fertilization can mitigate negative CO 2 impacts on seed yield and vigor of hybrid maize.

Author: Chen S, Liu W, Parsons D, and Du T
Subjects: China, Mexico, Zea mays growth & development, Seeds, Carbon Dioxide, Agricultural Irrigation methods, Climate Change, Fertilizers
Abstract: Seed yield and vigor of hybrid maize determine the planting, yield, and quality of maize, and consequently affect food, nutrition, and livelihood security; however, the response of seed yield and vigor to climate change is still unclear. We established an optimization-simulation framework consisting of a water‑nitrogen crop production function, a seed vigor and a gridded process-based model to optimize irrigation and nitrogen fertilization management, and used it to evaluate seed yield and vigor in major seed production locations of China, the USA, and Mexico. This framework could reflect the influence of water and nitrogen inputs at different stages on seed yield and vigor considering the spatio-temporal variability of climate and soil properties. Projected seed yield and vigor decreased by 5.8-9.0 % without adaptation by the 2050s, due to the 1.3-5.8 % decrease in seed number and seed protein concentration. Seed yield was positively correlated with CO 2 and negatively correlated with temperature, while seed vigor depended on the response of components of seed vigor to climatic factors. Under optimized management, the direct positive effects of temperature on seed protein concentration and CO 2 on seed number were strengthened, and the direct negative effects of temperature on seed number and CO 2 on seed protein concentration were weakened, which mitigated the reductions in both seed yield and vigor. Elevated CO 2 was projected to exacerbate the 2.6 % seed vigor reduction and mitigate the 2.9 % seed yield loss without adaptation, while optimized management could increase seed yield by 4.1 % and mitigate the 2.2 % seed vigor reduction in the Hexi Corridor of China, and decrease the seed yield and vigor reduction by 2.4-5.8 % in the USA and Mexico. Optimized management can strengthen the positive and mitigate the negative effects of climate change on irrigated hybrid maize and inform high-yield and high-quality seed production globally., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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32. Four approaches to setting soil health targets and thresholds in agricultural soils.

Author: Matson A, Fantappiè M, Campbell GA, Miranda-Vélez JF, Faber JH, Gomes LC, Hessel R, Lana M, Mocali S, Smith P, Robinson DA, Bispo A, van Egmond F, Keesstra S, Saby NPA, Smreczak B, Froger C, Suleymanov A, and Chenu C
Abstract: Soil health is a key concept in worldwide efforts to reverse soil degradation, but to be used as a tool to improve soils, it must be definable at a policy level and quantifiable in some way. Soil indicators can be used to define soil health and quantify the degree to which soils fulfil expected functions. Indicators are assessed using target and/or threshold values, which define achievable levels of the indicators or functions. However, defining robust targets and thresholds is not a trivial task, as they should account for soil, climate, land-use, management, and history, among others. This paper introduces and discusses (through theory and stakeholder feedback) four approaches to setting targets and thresholds: fixed, reference, distribution and relative change. Three approaches (not including relative change) are then illustrated using a case study, located in Denmark, Italy, and France, which highlights key strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Finally, a framework is presented that facilitates both choosing the most appropriate target/threshold method for a given context, and using targets/thresholds to trigger follow-up actions to promote soil health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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33. Host dependent specialized metabolism of nitrogen export in actinorhizal nodules induced by Frankia cluster-2.

Author: Berckx F, Van Nguyen T, Hilker R, Wibberg D, Battenberg K, Kalinowski J, Berry A, and Pawlowski K
Abstract: Frankia cluster-2 strains are diazotrophs that engage in root nodule symbiosis with actinorhizal plants of the Cucurbitales and the Rosales. Previous studies have shown that an assimilated nitrogen source, presumably arginine, is exported to the host in nodules of Datisca glomerata (Cucurbitales), while a different metabolite is exported in the nodules of Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (Rosales). To investigate if an assimilated nitrogen form is commonly exported to the host by cluster-2 strains, and which metabolite would be exported in Ceanothus, we analysed gene expression levels, metabolite profiles, and enzyme activities in nodules. We conclude that the export of assimilated nitrogen in symbiosis seems to be a common feature for Frankia cluster-2 strains, but which source is host-dependent. The export of assimilated ammonium to the host suggests that 2-oxoglutarate is drawn from the TCA cycle at a high rate. This specialised metabolism obviates the need for the reductive branch of the TCA cycle. We found several genes encoding enzymes of the central carbon and nitrogen metabolism were lacking in Frankia cluster-2 genomes: the glyoxylate shunt and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. This led to a linearization of the TCA cycle, and we hypothesize this could explain the low saprotrophic potential of Frankia cluster-2., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.)
Published: 2024
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34. A global database of soil seed bank richness, density, and abundance.

Author: Auffret AG, Ladouceur E, Haussmann NS, Daouti E, Elumeeva TG, Kačergytė I, Knape J, Kotowska D, Low M, Onipchenko VG, Paquet M, Rubene D, and Plue J
Subjects: Ecosystem, Plants classification, Seed Bank, Soil, Databases, Factual, Biodiversity, Seeds
Abstract: A soil seed bank is the collective name for viable seeds that are stored naturally in the soil. At the species or population level, the ability to form a seed bank represents a strategy for (re)colonization following a disturbance or other change in the local environmental conditions. At the community level, seed banks are thought to buffer local diversity during periods of environmental change and are often studied in relation to the potential for passive habitat restoration. The role that seed banks play in plant population and community dynamics, as well as their importance in the agricultural sector, means that they have been widely studied in ecological research. This database is the result of a comprehensive literature search, including all seed bank studies from the Web of Science from which data could be extracted, as well as an additional search of the Russian language literature. The database contains information on the species richness, seed density, and/or seed abundance in 3096 records from at least 1929 locations across the world's seven continents, extracted from 1442 studies published between 1940 and 2020. Records are grouped into five broad habitat categories (aquatic, arable, forest, grassland-including shrubland-and wetland), including information relating to habitat degradation from, or restoration to other habitats (total 14 combinations). Sampling protocols were also extracted for each record, and the database was extensively checked for errors. The location of each record was then used to extract summary climate data and biome classification from external published databases. The database has several potential uses. The large geographical spread relative to many other global biodiversity datasets is relevant for investigating patterns of diversity in biogeographical or macroecological contexts. Habitat type and status (intact, degraded, and restored) can be used to provide insights for biodiversity conservation, while the potential effects of sampling method and effort can be used to inform optimized data collection for future seed bank studies. This database is released under the CC-BY license., (© 2024 The Author(s). Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America.)
Published: 2024
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35. Soil properties modulate actual evapotranspiration and precipitation impacts on crop yields in the USA.

Author: Suliman M, Scaini A, Manzoni S, and Vico G
Subjects: United States, Plant Transpiration, Agriculture methods, Seasons, Zea mays growth & development, Triticum growth & development, Soil chemistry, Crops, Agricultural growth & development, Rain
Abstract: Crop yields are affected by hydroclimatic and edaphic conditions, but their interacting roles are often neglected when assessing crop yields at the regional scale. Moreover, often used hydroclimatic conditions such as precipitation and temperature are not as physiologically linked to primary production and yields as actual evapotranspiration. Using statistical models, we quantified the combined effects of edaphic and hydroclimatic conditions on county yields of irrigated rice and rainfed corn, soybean, and spring and winter wheat in the USA (2000-2019). Precipitation and temperature, or actual evapotranspiration, aggregated during the growing season or before and after flowering/silk emergence, in interaction with soil sand content or bulk density, explained up to 87 % of the yield variability. However, actual evapotranspiration explained yields better than precipitation and temperature and their interactions for most combinations of crops and growth periods. At high actual evapotranspiration, yield plateaued or, for spring wheat, decreased. Yields were generally most sensitive to changes in hydroclimatic conditions during part of rather than the entire growing season, and most often after flowering. Soil texture and bulk density modulated the impacts of hydroclimatic conditions: corn and soybean yields were higher in finer soils compared with sandy soils under high evapotranspiration, but lower at low evapotranspiration. Additionally, the yield-maximizing precipitation decreased with sand content and increased with bulk density for most crops. Increasingly available actual evapotranspiration estimates, combined with soil properties, offer an alternative, and more physiologically-based, yield predictor over large climatic gradients to the more widely used precipitation and temperature., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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36. Frankia [NiFe] uptake hydrogenases and genome reduction: different lineages of loss.

Author: Pawlowski K, Wibberg D, Mehrabi S, Obaid NB, Patyi A, Berckx F, Nguyen H, Hagen M, Lundin D, Brachmann A, Blom J, Herrera-Belaroussi A, Abrouk D, Pujic P, Hahlin AS, Kalinowski J, Normand P, and Sellstedt A
Abstract: Uptake hydrogenase (Hup) recycles H2 formed by nitrogenase during nitrogen fixation, thereby preserving energy. Among root nodule bacteria, most rhizobial strains examined are Hup-, while only one Hup- Frankia inoculum had been identified. Previous analyses had led to the identification of two different [NiFe] hydrogenase syntons. We analysed the distribution of different types of [NiFe] hydrogenase in the genomes of different Frankia species. Our results show that Frankia strains can contain four different [NiFe] hydrogenase syntons representing groups 1f, 1h, 2a and 3b according to Søndergaard et al. (2016); no more than three types were found in any individual genome. The phylogeny of the structural proteins of groups 1f, 1h and 2a follows Frankia phylogeny; the phylogeny of the accessory proteins does not consistently. An analysis of different [NiFe] hydrogenase types in Actinomycetia shows that under the most parsimonious assumption, all four types were present in the ancestral Frankia strain. Based on Hup activities analysed and the losses of syntons in different lineages of genome reduction, we can conclude that groups 1f and 2a are involved in recycling H2 formed by nitrogenase while group 1h and group 3b are not., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.)
Published: 2024
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37. Authorship and Citizen Science: Seven Heuristic Rules.

Author: Sandin P, Baard P, Bülow W, and Helgesson G
Subjects: Humans, Editorial Policies, Research Personnel ethics, Volunteers, Social Responsibility, Authorship standards, Citizen Science ethics, Heuristics, Guidelines as Topic, Ethics, Research, Publishing ethics, Publishing standards
Abstract: Citizen science (CS) is an umbrella term for research with a significant amount of contributions from volunteers. Those volunteers can occupy a hybrid role, being both 'researcher' and 'subject' at the same time. This has repercussions for questions about responsibility and credit, e.g. pertaining to the issue of authorship. In this paper, we first review some existing guidelines for authorship and their applicability to CS. Second, we assess the claim that the guidelines from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), known as 'the Vancouver guidelines', may lead to exclusion of deserving citizen scientists as authors. We maintain that the idea of including citizen scientists as authors is supported by at least two arguments: transparency and fairness. Third, we argue that it might be plausible to include groups as authors in CS. Fourth and finally, we offer a heuristic list of seven recommendations to be considered when deciding about whom to include as an author of a CS publication., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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38. Quantifying farm sustainability through the lens of ecological theory.

Author: Storkey J, Maclaren C, Bullock JM, Norton LR, Redhead JW, and Pywell RF
Subjects: Ecosystem, Farms, Ecology methods, Animals, Crops, Agricultural, Agriculture methods, Conservation of Natural Resources methods
Abstract: The achievements of the Green Revolution in meeting the nutritional needs of a growing global population have been won at the expense of unintended consequences for the environment. Some of these negative impacts are now threatening the sustainability of food production through the loss of pollinators and natural enemies of crop pests, the evolution of pesticide resistance, declining soil health and vulnerability to climate change. In the search for farming systems that are sustainable both agronomically and environmentally, alternative approaches have been proposed variously called 'agroecological', 'conservation agriculture', 'regenerative' and 'sustainable intensification'. While the widespread recognition of the need for more sustainable farming is to be welcomed, this has created etymological confusion that has the potential to become a barrier to transformation. There is a need, therefore, for objective criteria to evaluate alternative farming systems and to quantify farm sustainability against multiple outcomes. To help meet this challenge, we reviewed the ecological theories that explain variance in regulating and supporting ecosystem services delivered by biological communities in farmland to identify guiding principles for management change. For each theory, we identified associated system metrics that could be used as proxies for agroecosystem function. We identified five principles derived from ecological theory: (i) provide key habitats for ecosystem service providers; (ii) increase crop and non-crop habitat diversity; (iii) increase edge density: (iv) increase nutrient-use efficiency; and (v) avoid extremes of disturbance. By making published knowledge the foundation of the choice of associated metrics, our aim was to establish a broad consensus for their use in sustainability assessment frameworks. Further analysis of their association with farm-scale data on biological communities and/or ecosystem service delivery would provide additional validation for their selection and support for the underpinning theories., (© 2024 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.)
Published: 2024
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39. Light distribution at the fruit tree-crop interface and consequences for yield in sloping upland agroforestry.

Author: Pham HT, La N, Öborn I, Bergkvist G, Mulia R, and Dahlin S
Abstract: Agroforestry can improve soil conservation and overall farm productivity compared with sole-crop systems, but its benefits are limited by competitive interactions between tree and crop components. Studies on light competition have been performed on relatively flat land, but slope can influence light distribution. Little is known about optimizing light utilization and enhancing system productivity and/or income from agroforestry on sloping land. This study examined how slope influences light distribution and performance of maize and coffee crops in fruit tree-crop agroforestry. Starting hypotheses were that 1) crops upslope of tree rows receive and intercept greater amounts of light than those downslope; and 2) position of the crop is more important for light interception and yield when fruit trees have a large, dense canopy. Five-year-old fruit-crop agroforestry experiments on west-southwest facing slopes were revisited. Each agroforestry treatment was divided into nine zones relative to the tree rows (zone 5), with zones 1-4 upslope and 6-9 downslope of the fruit tree row. Light distribution was assessed using Hemiview and SunScan and compared with that in sole-maize and sole-coffee systems. Crop growth and yield were also recorded. Incident light to the crop was higher in the sole-crop system than in agroforestry. In agroforestry, incident light to the crops was lower downslope of trees than upslope but increased with increasing distance from the tree rows. On average, 0.40-0.50 fraction of total light reached the soil surface. Downslope had a stronger negative effect on light distribution and crop yield than upslope. The available light at the soil surface provides scope for additional components. Further studies on the light demands of different crops during the season could improve system design., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)
Published: 2024
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40. Tree drought-mortality risk depends more on intrinsic species resistance than on stand species diversity.

Author: Decarsin R, Guillemot J, le Maire G, Blondeel H, Meredieu C, Achard E, Bonal D, Cochard H, Corso D, Delzon S, Doucet Z, Druel A, Grossiord C, Torres-Ruiz JM, Bauhus J, Godbold DL, Hajek P, Jactel H, Jensen J, Mereu S, Ponette Q, Rewald B, Ruffault J, Sandén H, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Serrano-León H, Simioni G, Verheyen K, Werner R, and Martin-StPaul N
Subjects: Europe, Climate Change, Xylem physiology, Droughts, Biodiversity, Trees physiology, Forests
Abstract: Increasing tree diversity is considered a key management option to adapt forests to climate change. However, the effect of species diversity on a forest's ability to cope with extreme drought remains elusive. In this study, we assessed drought tolerance (xylem vulnerability to cavitation) and water stress (water potential), and combined them into a metric of drought-mortality risk (hydraulic safety margin) during extreme 2021 or 2022 summer droughts in five European tree diversity experiments encompassing different biomes. Overall, we found that drought-mortality risk was primarily driven by species identity (56.7% of the total variability), while tree diversity had a much lower effect (8% of the total variability). This result remained valid at the local scale (i.e within experiment) and across the studied European biomes. Tree diversity effect on drought-mortality risk was mediated by changes in water stress intensity, not by changes in xylem vulnerability to cavitation. Significant diversity effects were observed in all experiments, but those effects often varied from positive to negative across mixtures for a given species. Indeed, we found that the composition of the mixtures (i.e., the identities of the species mixed), but not the species richness of the mixture per se, is a driver of tree drought-mortality risk. This calls for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms before tree diversity can be considered an operational adaption tool to extreme drought. Forest diversification should be considered jointly with management strategies focussed on favouring drought-tolerant species., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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41. Seasonal soil health dynamics in soy-wheat relay intercropping.

Author: Thompson JB, Döring TF, Bowles TM, Kolb S, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, and Reckling M
Subjects: Soil Microbiology, Germany, Carbon analysis, Carbon metabolism, Ecosystem, Crop Production methods, Water, Triticum growth & development, Soil chemistry, Glycine max growth & development, Seasons, Agriculture methods, Crops, Agricultural growth & development
Abstract: There is growing interest in intercropping as a practice to increase productivity per unit area and ecosystem functioning in agricultural systems. Relay intercropping with soy and winter wheat may benefit soil health due to increased diversity and longer undisturbed soil cover, yet this remains largely unstudied. Using a field experiment in Eastern Germany, we studied the temporal dynamics of chemical, biological, and physical indicators of soil health in the topsoil over a year of cultivation to detect early effects of soy-wheat relay intercropping compared to sole cropping. Indicators included microbial abundance, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, carbon fractions, pH, and water infiltration. Relay intercropping showed no unique soil health benefits compared to sole cropping, likely affected by drought that stressed intercropped soy. Relay intercropping did, however, maintain several properties of both sole crops including an increased MAOM C:N ratio and higher soil water infiltration. The MAOM C:N ratio increased by 4.2 and 6.2% in intercropping and sole soy and decreased by 5% in sole wheat. Average near-saturated soil water infiltration rates were 12.6, 14.9, and 6.0 cm hr -1 for intercropping, sole wheat, and sole soy, respectively. Cropping system did not consistently affect other indicators but we found temporal patterns of these indicators, showing their sensitivity to external changes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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42. Biochar and peat amendments affect nitrogen retention, microbial capacity and nitrogen cycling microbial communities in a metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated urban soil.

Author: Rijk I, Ekblad A, Dahlin AS, Enell A, Larsson M, Leroy P, Kleja DB, Tiberg C, Hallin S, and Jones C
Subjects: Metals metabolism, Environmental Restoration and Remediation methods, Charcoal chemistry, Soil Pollutants analysis, Soil Pollutants metabolism, Soil Microbiology, Soil chemistry, Nitrogen, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons analysis, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons metabolism, Microbiota, Nitrogen Cycle
Abstract: Soil contaminants may restrict soil functions. A promising soil remediation method is amendment with biochar, which has the potential to both adsorb contaminants and improve soil health. However, effects of biochar amendment on soil-plant nitrogen (N) dynamics and N cycling microbial guilds in contaminated soils are still poorly understood. Here, a metal- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated soil was amended with either biochar (0, 3, 6 % w/w) and/or peat (0, 1.5, 3 % w/w) in a full-factorial design and sown with perennial ryegrass in an outdoor field trial. After three months, N and the stable isotopic ratio δ 15 N was measured in soil, roots and leaves, along with microbial responses. Aboveground grass biomass decreased by 30 % and leaf N content by 20 % with biochar, while peat alone had no effect. Peat in particular, but also biochar, stimulated the abundance of microorganisms (measured as 16S rRNA gene copy number) and basal respiration. Microbial substrate utilization (MicroResp™) was altered differentially, as peat increased respiration of all carbon sources, while for biochar, respiration of carboxylic acids increased, sugars decreased, and was unaffected for amino acids. Biochar increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea, while peat stimulated ammonia oxidizing bacteria, Nitrobacter-type nitrite oxidizers and comB-type complete ammonia oxidizers. Biochar and peat also increased nitrous oxide reducing communities (nosZI and nosZII), while peat alone or combined with biochar also increased abundance of nirK-type denitrifiers. However, biochar and peat lowered leaf δ 15 N by 2-4 ‰, indicating that processes causing gaseous N losses, like denitrification and ammonia volatilization, were reduced compared to the untreated contaminated soil, probably an effect of biotic N immobilization. Overall, this study shows that in addition to contaminant stabilization, amendment with biochar and peat can increase N retention while improving microbial capacity to perform important soil functions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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43. Accounting for deep soil carbon in tropical forest conservation payments.

Author: Sundqvist MK, Hasselquist NJ, Jensen J, Runesson J, Goodman RC, Axelsson EP, Alloysius D, Lindh A, Ilstedt U, and Aguilar FX
Subjects: Trees, Malaysia, Soil chemistry, Carbon analysis, Conservation of Natural Resources economics, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Forests, Tropical Climate
Abstract: Secondary tropical forests are at the forefront of deforestation pressures. They store large amounts of carbon, which, if compensated for to avoid net emissions associated with conversion to non-forest uses, may help advance tropical forest conservation. We measured above- and below-ground carbon stocks down to 1 m soil depth across a secondary forest and in oil palm plantations in Malaysia. We calculated net carbon losses when converting secondary forests to oil palm plantations and estimated payments to avoid net emissions arising from land conversion to a 22-year oil palm rotation, based on land opportunity costs per hectare. We explored how estimates would vary between forests by also extracting carbon stock data for primary forest from the literature. When tree and soil carbon was accounted for, payments of US$18-51 tCO 2 -1 for primary forest would equal opportunity costs associated with oil palm plantations per hectare. If detailed assessments of soil carbon were not accounted for, payments to offset opportunity costs would need to be considerably higher for secondary forests (US$28-80 tCO 2 ). These results show that assessment of carbon stocks down to 1 m soil depth in tropical forests can substantially influence the estimated value of avoided-emission payments.-1 for primary forest would equal opportunity costs associated with oil palm plantations per hectare. If detailed assessments of soil carbon were not accounted for, payments to offset opportunity costs would need to be considerably higher for secondary forests (US$28-80 tCO 2 -1 ). These results show that assessment of carbon stocks down to 1 m soil depth in tropical forests can substantially influence the estimated value of avoided-emission payments., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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44. Maize yield prediction and condition monitoring at the sub-county scale in Kenya: synthesis of remote sensing information and crop modeling.

Author: Kipkulei HK, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Lana M, Ghazaryan G, Baatz R, Matavel C, Boitt MK, Chisanga CB, Rotich B, Moreira RM, and Sieber S
Subjects: Kenya, Crop Production methods, Agriculture methods, Models, Theoretical, Seasons, Remote Sensing Technology methods, Zea mays growth & development, Crops, Agricultural growth & development
Abstract: Agricultural production assessments are crucial for formulating strategies for closing yield gaps and enhancing production efficiencies. While in situ crop yield measurements can provide valuable and accurate information, such approaches are costly and lack scalability for large-scale assessments. Therefore, crop modeling and remote sensing (RS) technologies are essential for assessing crop conditions and predicting yields at larger scales. In this study, we combined RS and a crop growth model to assess phenology, evapotranspiration (ET), and yield dynamics at grid and sub-county scales in Kenya. We synthesized RS information from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Water Productivity Open-access portal (WaPOR) to retrieve sowing date information for driving the model simulations. The findings showed that grid-scale management information and progressive crop growth could be accurately derived, reducing the model output uncertainties. Performance assessment of the modeled phenology yielded satisfactory accuracies at the sub-county scale during two representative seasons. The agreement between the simulated ET and yield was improved with the combined RS-crop model approach relative to the crop model only, demonstrating the value of additional large-scale RS information. The proposed approach supports crop yield estimation in data-scarce environments and provides valuable insights for agricultural resource management enabling countermeasures, especially when shortages are perceived in advance, thus enhancing agricultural production., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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45. Precrop-treated soil influences wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) root system architecture and its response to drought.

Author: Cope JE, Berckx F, Galinski A, Lentz J, Nagel KA, Fiorani F, and Weih M
Abstract: Aims: Root system architecture (RSA) plays an important role in the plant's ability to sustain yield under abiotic stresses such as drought. Preceding crops (precrops) can affect the yield of the proceeding crop, partially by affecting the RSA. This experiment aims to explore the interactions between precrop identity, crop genotype and drought at early growth stages., Methods: Rhizotrons, sized 60 × 80 × 3.5 cm, were used to assess the early root growth of two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, using precrop-treated soil around the seedlings and differing water regimes. The rhizotrons were automatically imaged 3 times a week to track root development., Results: Precrop-treated soil affected the RSA and changes caused by the reduced water treatment (RWT) were different depending on the precrop. Largest of these was the 36% reduction in root depth after wheat, but 44% after OSR. This indicates that effects caused by the precrop can be simulated, at least partially, by transferring precrop-treated soils to controlled environments. The genotypes had differential RSA and reacted differently to the RWT, with Julius maintaining an 8.8-13.1% deeper root system compared to Brons in the RWT. In addition, the combined environmental treatment affected the genotypes differently., Conclusion: Our results could help explain discrepancies found from using precrops to enhance yield as they indicate differences in the preceding crop effect when experiencing drought stress. Further, these differences are affected by genotypic interactions, which can be used to select and adapt crop genotypes for specific crop rotations, depending on the year. Additionally, we have shown a viable method of stimulating a partial precrop effect at the seedling stage in a controlled greenhouse setting using field soil around the germinated seed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cope, Berckx, Galinski, Lentz, Nagel, Fiorani and Weih.)
Published: 2024
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46. Clear effects on root system architecture of winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) from cultivation environment and practices.

Author: Cope JE, Berckx F, Lundmark J, Henriksson T, Karlsson I, and Weih M
Subjects: Sweden, Seasons, Phenotype, Environment, Triticum genetics, Triticum growth & development, Plant Roots growth & development
Abstract: Roots play a pivotal role in the adaption of a plant to its environment, with different root traits adapting the plant to different stresses. The environment affects the Root System Architecture (RSA), but the genetic factors determine to what extent, and whether stress brought about by extreme environmental conditions is detrimental to a specific crop. This study aimed to identify differences in winter wheat RSA caused by cultivation region and practice, in the form of preceding crop (precrop), and to identify if modern cultivars used in Sweden differ in their reaction to these environments. This was undertaken using high-throughput phenotyping to assess the RSA. Clear differences in the RSA were observed between the Swedish cultivation regions, precrop treatments, and interaction of these conditions with each other and the genetics. Julius showed a large difference between cultivars, with 9.3-17.1% fewer and 12-20% narrower seminal roots. Standardized yield decreased when grown after wheat, 23% less compared to oilseed rape (OSR), and when grown in the Southern region, 14% less than the Central region. Additionally, correlations were shown between the root number, angle, and grain yield, with different root types being correlated depending on the precrop. Cultivars on the Swedish market show differences that can be adapted to the region-precrop combinations. The differences in precrop effect on RSA between regions show global implications and a need for further assessment. Correlations between RSA and yield, based on root-type × precrop, indicate different needs of the RSA depending on the management practices and show the potential for improving crop yield through targeting genotypic and environmental conditions in a holistic manner. Understanding this RSA variance, and the mechanisms of conditional response, will allow targeted cultivar breeding for specific environments, increasing plant health and food security., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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47. Tree diversity enhances predation by birds but not by arthropods across climate gradients.

Author: Vázquez-González C, Castagneyrol B, Muiruri EW, Barbaro L, Abdala-Roberts L, Barsoum N, Fründ J, Glynn C, Jactel H, McShea WJ, Mereu S, Mooney KA, Morillas L, Nock CA, Paquette A, Parker JD, Parker WC, Roales J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schuldt A, Verheyen K, Weih M, Yang B, and Koricheva J
Subjects: Animals, Food Chain, Larva physiology, Arthropods physiology, Predatory Behavior, Birds physiology, Biodiversity, Trees, Climate
Abstract: Tree diversity can promote both predator abundance and diversity. However, whether this translates into increased predation and top-down control of herbivores across predator taxonomic groups and contrasting environmental conditions remains unresolved. We used a global network of tree diversity experiments (TreeDivNet) spread across three continents and three biomes to test the effects of tree species richness on predation across varying climatic conditions of temperature and precipitation. We recorded bird and arthropod predation attempts on plasticine caterpillars in monocultures and tree species mixtures. Both tree species richness and temperature increased predation by birds but not by arthropods. Furthermore, the effects of tree species richness on predation were consistent across the studied climatic gradient. Our findings provide evidence that tree diversity strengthens top-down control of insect herbivores by birds, underscoring the need to implement conservation strategies that safeguard tree diversity to sustain ecosystem services provided by natural enemies in forests., (© 2024 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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48. Crop rotational diversity can mitigate climate-induced grain yield losses.

Author: Costa A, Bommarco R, Smith ME, Bowles T, Gaudin ACM, Watson CA, Alarcón R, Berti A, Blecharczyk A, Calderon FJ, Culman S, Deen W, Drury CF, Garcia Y Garcia A, García-Díaz A, Hernández Plaza E, Jonczyk K, Jäck O, Navarrete Martínez L, Montemurro F, Morari F, Onofri A, Osborne SL, Tenorio Pasamón JL, Sandström B, Santín-Montanyá I, Sawinska Z, Schmer MR, Stalenga J, Strock J, Tei F, Topp CFE, Ventrella D, Walker RL, and Vico G
Subjects: North America, Europe, Edible Grain growth & development, Agriculture methods, Biodiversity, Crop Production methods, Climate Change, Crops, Agricultural growth & development, Zea mays growth & development
Abstract: Diversified crop rotations have been suggested to reduce grain yield losses from the adverse climatic conditions increasingly common under climate change. Nevertheless, the potential for climate change adaptation of different crop rotational diversity (CRD) remains undetermined. We quantified how climatic conditions affect small grain and maize yields under different CRDs in 32 long-term (10-63 years) field experiments across Europe and North America. Species-diverse and functionally rich rotations more than compensated yield losses from anomalous warm conditions, long and warm dry spells, as well as from anomalous wet (for small grains) or dry (for maize) conditions. Adding a single functional group or crop species to monocultures counteracted yield losses from substantial changes in climatic conditions. The benefits of a further increase in CRD are comparable with those of improved climatic conditions. For instance, the maize yield benefits of adding three crop species to monocultures under detrimental climatic conditions exceeded the average yield of monocultures by up to 553 kg/ha under non-detrimental climatic conditions. Increased crop functional richness improved yields under high temperature, irrespective of precipitation. Conversely, yield benefits peaked at between two and four crop species in the rotation, depending on climatic conditions and crop, and declined at higher species diversity. Thus, crop species diversity could be adjusted to maximize yield benefits. Diversifying rotations with functionally distinct crops is an adaptation of cropping systems to global warming and changes in precipitation., (Global Change Biology© 2024 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)
Published: 2024
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49. Daily bias-corrected weather data and daily simulated growth data of maize, millet, sorghum, and wheat in the changing climate of sub-Saharan Africa.

Author: Alimagham S, van Loon MP, Ramirez-Villegas J, Berghuijs HNC, and van Ittersum MK
Abstract: Crop models are the primary means by which agricultural scientists assess climate change impacts on crop production. Site-based and high-quality weather and climate data is essential for agronomically and physiologically sound crop simulations under historical and future climate scenarios. Here, we describe a bias-corrected dataset of daily agro-meteorological data for 109 reference weather stations distributed across key production areas of maize, millet, sorghum, and wheat in ten sub-Saharan African countries. The dataset leverages extensive ground observations from the Global Yield Gap Atlas (GYGA), an existing climate change projections dataset from the Inter-Sectoral Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP), and a calibrated crop simulation model (the WOrld FOod Studies -WOFOST). The weather data were bias-corrected using the delta method, which is widely used in climate change impact studies. The bias-corrected dataset encompasses daily values of maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation rate, and global radiation obtained from five models participating in the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), as well as simulated daily growth variables for the four crops. The data covers three periods: historical (1995-2014), 2030 (2020-2039), and 2050 (2040-2059). The simulation of daily growth dynamics for maize, millet, sorghum, and wheat growth was performed using the daily weather data and the WOFOST crop model, under potential and water-limited potential conditions. The crop simulation outputs were evaluated using national agronomic expertise. The presented datasets, including the weather dataset and daily simulated crop growth outputs, hold substantial potential for further use in the investigation of future climate change impacts in sub-Saharan Africa. The daily weather data can be used as an input into other modelling frameworks for crops or other sectors (e.g., hydrology). The weather and crop growth data can provide key insights about agro-meteorological conditions and water-limited crop output to inform adaptation priorities and benchmark (gridded) crop simulations. Finally, the weather and simulated growth data can also be used for training machine learning techniques for extrapolation purposes., (© 2024 The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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50. Genome analysis and biogeographic distribution of the earliest divergent Frankia clade in the southern hemisphere.

Author: Berckx F, Wibberg D, Brachmann A, Morrison C, Obaid NB, Blom J, Kalinowski J, Wall LG, and Pawlowski K
Subjects: Genome, Bacterial, New Zealand, Argentina, Phylogeography, Root Nodules, Plant microbiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Frankia genetics, Frankia classification, Phylogeny, Symbiosis
Abstract: Coriariaceae are a small plant family of 14-17 species and subspecies that currently have a global but disjunct distribution. All species can form root nodules in symbiosis with diazotrophic Frankia cluster-2 strains, which form the earliest divergent symbiotic clade within this bacterial genus. Studies on Frankia cluster-2 mostly have focused on strains occurring in the northern hemisphere. Except for one strain from Papua New Guinea, namely Candidatus Frankia meridionalis Cppng1, no complete genome of Frankia associated with Coriaria occurring in the southern hemisphere has been published thus far, yet the majority of the Coriariaceae species occur here. We present field sampling data of novel Frankia cluster-2 strains, representing two novel species, which are associated with Coriaria arborea and Coriaria sarmentosa in New Zealand, and with Coriaria ruscifolia in Patagonia (Argentina), in addition to identifying Ca. F. meridionalis present in New Zealand. The novel Frankia species were found to be closely related to both Ca. F. meridionalis, and a Frankia species occurring in the Philippines, Taiwan, and Japan. Our data suggest that the different Frankia cluster-2 species diverged early after becoming symbiotic circa 100 million years ago., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.)
Published: 2024
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