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180 results on '"Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford]"'

1. Largest recent impact craters on Mars: Orbital imaging and surface seismic co-investigation

Author: L. V. Posiolova, P. Lognonné, W. B. Banerdt, J. Clinton, G. S. Collins, T. Kawamura, S. Ceylan, I. J. Daubar, B. Fernando, M. Froment, D. Giardini, M. C. Malin, K. Miljković, S. C. Stähler, Z. Xu, M. E. Banks, É. Beucler, B. A. Cantor, C. Charalambous, N. Dahmen, P. Davis, M. Drilleau, C. M. Dundas, C. Durán, F. Euchner, R. F. Garcia, M. Golombek, A. Horleston, C. Keegan, A. Khan, D. Kim, C. Larmat, R. Lorenz, L. Margerin, S. Menina, M. Panning, C. Pardo, C. Perrin, W. T. Pike, M. Plasman, A. Rajšić, L. Rolland, E. Rougier, G. Speth, A. Spiga, A. Stott, D. Susko, N. A. Teanby, A. Valeh, A. Werynski, N. Wójcicka, G. Zenhäusern, Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), UAR-Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP-UAR / UAR3454), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Seismological Service [ETH Zurich] (SED), Institute of Geophysics [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut für Geophysik [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences [Providence], Brown University, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), ANR-19-CE31-0008,MAGIS,MArs Geophysical InSight(2019), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, General Science & Technology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Two >130-meter-diameter impact craters formed on Mars during the later half of 2021. These are the two largest fresh impact craters discovered by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter since operations started 16 years ago. The impacts created two of the largest seismic events (magnitudes greater than 4) recorded by InSight during its 3-year mission. The combination of orbital imagery and seismic ground motion enables the investigation of subsurface and atmospheric energy partitioning of the impact process on a planet with a thin atmosphere and the first direct test of martian deep-interior seismic models with known event distances. The impact at 35°N excavated blocks of water ice, which is the lowest latitude at which ice has been directly observed on Mars.
Published: 2022

2. Eocene emergence of highly calcifying coccolithophores despite declining atmospheric CO2

Author: L. M. Claxton, H. L. O. McClelland, M. Hermoso, R. E. M. Rickaby, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Victoria University [Melbourne], Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: Coccolithophores, a group of unicellular calcifying phytoplankton, have been major contributors to marine carbonate production since the calcite plates that they produce (coccoliths) first appeared in the fossil record over 200 million years ago (Ma). The response of this process to changes in environment on evolutionary timescales remains poorly understood, particularly in warm climates. Here we integrate a dataset consisting of carbon isotope ratios of size-separated coccolith calcite from marine sediments with a cell-scale model to interrogate cellular carbon fluxes and $$p_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2}$$ p CO 2 through the Eocene (~55–34 Ma), Earth’s hottest interval of the past 100 million years. We show that the large coccolithophores that rose to dominate the oceans through the Eocene have higher calcification-to-carbon fixation ratios than their predecessors while the opposite is true for smaller coccolithophores. These changes, which occurred in the context of increasing ocean alkalization, may have played a role in an apparent positive carbon cycle feedback to decreasing $$p_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2}$$ p CO 2 . Our approach also provides independent support of multiproxy-based evidence for general $$p_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2}$$ p CO 2 decline through the Eocene in step with temperature. Together, this challenges the emerging view that a general decline in $$p_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2}$$ p CO 2 reduces calcification on evolutionary timescales.
Published: 2022

3. Newly formed craters on Mars located using seismic and acoustic wave data from InSight

Author: Raphael F. Garcia, Ingrid J. Daubar, Éric Beucler, Liliya V. Posiolova, Gareth S. Collins, Philippe Lognonné, Lucie Rolland, Zongbo Xu, Natalia Wójcicka, Aymeric Spiga, Benjamin Fernando, Gunnar Speth, Léo Martire, Andrea Rajšić, Katarina Miljković, Eleanor K. Sansom, Constantinos Charalambous, Savas Ceylan, Sabrina Menina, Ludovic Margerin, Rémi Lapeyre, Tanja Neidhart, Nicholas A. Teanby, Nicholas C. Schmerr, Mickaël Bonnin, Marouchka Froment, John F. Clinton, Ozgur Karatekin, Simon C. Stähler, Nikolaj L. Dahmen, Cecilia Durán, Anna Horleston, Taichi Kawamura, Matthieu Plasman, Géraldine Zenhäusern, Domenico Giardini, Mark Panning, Mike Malin, William Bruce Banerdt, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences [Providence], Brown University, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), UAR-Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP-UAR / UAR3454), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering [London] (DEEE), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Institute of Geophysics [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut für Geophysik [Zürich], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ANR-14-CE36-0012,SEISMARS,Seismology on Mars(2014), ANR-19-CE31-0008,MAGIS,MArs Geophysical InSight(2019), and ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018)
Subjects: Science & Technology, EXPLOSION, Natural hazards, Geology, ATMOSPHERE, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Inner planets, Meteoritics, Physical Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, MOON, Seismology, METEORITE IMPACTS
Abstract: International audience; Meteoroid impacts shape planetary surfaces by forming new craters and alter atmospheric composition. During atmospheric entry and impact on the ground, meteoroids excite transient acoustic and seismic waves. However, new crater formation and the associated impact-induced mechanical waves have yet to be observed jointly beyond Earth. Here we report observations of seismic and acoustic waves from the NASA InSight lander’s seismometer that we link to four meteoroid impact events on Mars observed in spacecraft imagery. We analysed arrival times and polarization of seismic and acoustic waves to estimate impact locations, which were subsequently confirmed by orbital imaging of the associated craters. Crater dimensions and estimates of meteoroid trajectories are consistent with waveform modelling of the recorded seismograms. With identified seismic sources, the seismic waves can be used to constrain the structure of the Martian interior, corroborating previous crustal structure models, and constrain scaling relationships between the distance and amplitude of impact-generated seismic waves on Mars, supporting a link between the seismic moment of impacts and the vertical impactor momentum. Our findings demonstrate the capability of planetary seismology to identify impact-generated seismic sources and constrain both impact processes and planetary interiors.
Published: 2022

4. Redox control on chromium isotope behaviour in silicate melts in contact with magnesiochromite

Author: Emilie Bruand, A. K. Matzen, Bernard Wood, P. Bonnand, Federica Schiavi, Maud Boyet, Matthew Jerram, Alex N. Halliday, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Oxford
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Inorganic chemistry, Partial melting, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Silicate, Mantle (geology), law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Isotope fractionation, Magnesiochromite, chemistry, Transition metal, Fractional crystallisation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, Mineral redox buffer, Oxidation state, Redox conditions, Cr isotopes, Crystallization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: co-auteur étranger; International audience; Transition metal isotopes are particularly useful for understanding the conditions under which magmatic processes occur. Moreover, those with more than one oxidation state (e.g. Cr2+, Cr3+ and Cr6+) may also provide powerful constraints on the evolution of the redox state of the mantle over time. By investigating the Cr isotopic compositions in both magnesiochromite and silicate melts during experiments performed at 1300 °C and under controlled redox conditions (−12 −6) are much lighter than those of melts equilibrated with magnesiochromite at lower oxygen fugacity. The observed variations can be explained by changes in bonding environment for Cr under oxidised conditions in the silicate melts and/or in the magnesiochromite grains. Similarly, the second set of experiments designed to study fractional crystallisation (series B) suggest that Cr isotope fractionation is larger under oxidising conditions.
Published: 2020

5. Fast mechanisms linking the Labrador Sea with subtropical Atlantic overturning

Author: Kostov, Y, Messias, M-J, Mercier, H, Johnson, HL, Marshall, DP, University of Exeter, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, and Department of Physics [Oxford]
Subjects: s AMOC, Atmospheric Science, NAC, Lower North Atlantic Deep Water, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, LNADW, RAPID-MOCHA, North Atlantic Current, Labrador Sea, Water mass transformation, Surface heat fuxes, AMOC, Surface heat fluxes, OSNAP, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: We use an ocean general circulation model and its adjoint to analyze the causal chain linking sea surface buoyancy anomalies in the Labrador Sea to variability in the deep branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) on inter-annual timescales. Our study highlights the importance of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) for the north-to-south connectivity in the AMOC and for the meridional transport of Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW). We identify two mechanisms that allow the Labrador Sea to impact velocities in the LNADW layer. The first mechanism involves a passive advection of surface buoyancy anomalies from the Labrador Sea towards the eastern subpolar gyre by the background NAC. The second mechanism plays a dominant role and involves a dynamical response of the NAC to surface density anomalies originating in the Labrador Sea; the NAC adjustment modifies the northward transport of salt and heat and exerts a strong positive feedback, amplifying the upper ocean buoyancy anomalies. The two mechanisms spin up/down the subpolar gyre on a timescale of years, while boundary trapped waves rapidly communicate this signal to the subtropics and trigger an adjustment of LNADW transport on a timescale of months. The NAC and the eastern subpolar gyre play an essential role in both mechanisms linking the Labrador Sea with LNADW transport variability and the subtropical AMOC. We thus reconcile two apparently contradictory paradigms about AMOC connectivity: (1) Labrador Sea buoyancy anomalies drive AMOC variability; (2) water mass transformation is largest in the eastern subpolar gyre.
Published: 2022

6. Seismic constraints from a Mars impact experiment using InSight and Perseverance

Author: Manish R. Patel, Nicholas A Teanby, Taichi Kawamura, Matthieu Plasman, Marouchka Froment, Tarje Nissen-Meyer, N. Wójcicka, Philippe Lognonné, Constantinos Charalambous, Nikolaj Dahmen, Lilya Posiolova, A. Stott, Simon Stähler, Géraldine Zenhäusern, Anna Horleston, Benjamin Fernando, Aymeric Spiga, Lucie Rolland, Ingrid Daubar, Bruce Banerdt, Ross Maguire, John Clinton, Carene Larmat, Özgür Karatekin, Gareth S. Collins, Savas Ceylan, Matthew P. Golombek, Domenico Giardini, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Department of Geology [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering [London] (DEEE), Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences [Providence], Brown University, This paper constitutes InSight contribution number 218 and LA-UR-21-26319. B.F. and T.N.-M. are supported by the Natural Environment Research Council under the Oxford Environmental Research Doctoral Training Partnership, and the UK Space Agency Aurora grant ST/S001379/1. M.R.P. acknowledges support from the UK Space Agency (grants ST/S00145X/1 and ST/V002295/1). A.H. is funded by the UK Space Agency (grant ST/R002096/1). N.W. and G.S.C. are funded by UK Space Agency grants ST/S001514/1 and ST/T002026/1. S.C.S., G.Z., J.C. and N.D. acknowledge support from ETH Zürich through the ETH+ funding scheme (ETH+02 19-1: ‘Planet Mars’). N.A.T. is funded by UK Space Agency grants ST/R002096/1 and ST/T002972/1. M.F. and C.L. are funded by the Center for Space and Earth Science of Los Alamos National Laboratory. P.L., T.K., A.S., A.E.S., L.R. and M.F. acknowledge the support of CNES and of ANR (MAGIS, ANR-19-CE31-0008-08) for SEIS science support. I.J.D. is supported by NASA InSight Participating Scientist grant 80NM0018F0612. O.K. acknowledges the support of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through the ESA/PRODEX programme. A portion of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA., and ANR-19-CE31-0008,MAGIS,MArs Geophysical InSight(2019)
Subjects: Martian, Spacecraft, business.industry, Mars landing, Mars, NASA InSight Mission, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atmosphere of Mars, Mars Exploration Program, Seismic wave, Planet, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Inner planets, Martian surface, Impacts, Traitement du signal et de l'image, business, Seismology, Geology
Abstract: NASA's InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission has operated a sophisticated suite of seismology and geophysics instruments on the surface of Mars since its arrival in 2018. On 18 February 2021, we attempted to detect the seismic and acoustic waves produced by the entry, descent and landing of the Perseverance rover using the sensors onboard the InSight lander. Similar observations have been made on Earth using data from both crewed(1,2) and uncrewed(3,4) spacecraft, and on the Moon during the Apollo eras(5), but never before on Mars or another planet. This was the only seismic event to occur on Mars since InSight began operations that had an a priori known and independently constrained timing and location. It therefore had the potential to be used as a calibration for other marsquakes recorded by InSight. Here we report that no signal from Perseverance's entry, descent and landing is identifiable in the InSight data. Nonetheless, measurements made during the landing window enable us to place constraints on the distance-amplitude relationships used to predict the amplitude of seismic waves produced by planetary impacts and place in situ constraints on Martian impact seismic efficiency (the fraction of the impactor kinetic energy converted into seismic energy)., Nature Astronomy, 6 (1), ISSN:2397-3366
Published: 2022
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7. Temporal variation of planetary iron as a driver of evolution

Author: Jon Wade, David J. Byrne, Chris J. Ballentine, Hal Drakesmith, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Radcliffe Department of Medicine [Oxford], Natural Environment Research Council 'Mantle Volatile' grant- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit Award, and European Project: 695618
Subjects: complex life, Multidisciplinary, Evolution, Earth, Planet, Iron, Biological Availability, Genetic Variation, Siderophores, Water, Geology, Biological Sciences, Biological Evolution, Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Perspective, Physical Sciences, planetary habitability, Host-Pathogen Interactions, oxygenation, Evolution, Planetary, Oxidation-Reduction, Ecosystem
Abstract: Iron is an irreplaceable component of proteins and enzyme systems required for life. This need for iron is a well-characterized evolutionary mechanism for genetic selection. However, there is limited consideration of how iron bioavailability, initially determined by planetary accretion but fluctuating considerably at global scale over geological time frames, has shaped the biosphere. We describe influences of iron on planetary habitability from formation events >4 Gya and initiation of biochemistry from geochemistry through oxygenation of the atmosphere to current host–pathogen dynamics. By determining the iron and transition element distribution within the terrestrial planets, planetary core formation is a constraint on both the crustal composition and the longevity of surface water, hence a planet’s habitability. As such, stellar compositions, combined with metallic core-mass fraction, may be an observable characteristic of exoplanets that relates to their ability to support life. On Earth, the stepwise rise of atmospheric oxygen effectively removed gigatons of soluble ferrous iron from habitats, generating evolutionary pressures. Phagocytic, infectious, and symbiotic behaviors, dating from around the Great Oxygenation Event, refocused iron acquisition onto biotic sources, while eukaryotic multicellularity allows iron recycling within an organism. These developments allow life to more efficiently utilize a scarce but vital nutrient. Initiation of terrestrial life benefitted from the biochemical properties of abundant mantle/crustal iron, but the subsequent loss of iron bioavailability may have been an equally important driver of compensatory diversity. This latter concept may have relevance for the predicted future increase in iron deficiency across the food chain caused by elevated atmospheric CO 2 .
Published: 2021

8. Australian Plate Subduction is Responsible for Northward Motion of the India‐Asia Collision Zone and ∼1,000 km Lateral Migration of the Indian Slab

Author: Kasra Hosseini, A. J. Parsons, Karin Sigloch, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Collision zone, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Plate tectonics, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Slab, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

9. Decomposing the Oxygen Signal in the Ocean Interior: Beyond Decomposing Organic Matter

Author: David P. Nicholson, Ellen Cliff, Nicolas Cassar, Samar Khatiwala, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States, affiliation inconnue, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Oxford
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, gas exchange, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Oxygen, remineralization, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, AOU, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, organic matter, Ar, chemistry.chemical_classification, disequilibrium, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Remineralisation, decomposition, photosynthesis, OU, O2/Ar, ocean, O-2, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, oxygen
Abstract: At depth, O2 depleted because of organic matter remineralization is generally estimated based on apparent oxygen utilization (AOU). However, AOU is an imperfect measure of oxygen utilization because of O2 air-sea disequilibrium at the site of deep-water formation. Recent methodological and instrumental advances have paved the way to further deconvolve processes driving the O2 signature. Using numerical model simulations of the global ocean, we show that measurements of the dissolved O2/Ar ratio, which so far have been confined to the ocean surface, can provide improved estimates of oxygen utilization, especially in regions where the disequilibrium at the site of deep-water formation is associated with physical processes. We discuss applications of this new approach and implications for current tracers relying on O2 such as remineralization ratios, respiratory quotients and preformed nutrients. Finally, we propose a new composite geochemical tracer, [O2]*bio combining dissolved O2/Ar and phosphate concentration. Being insensitive to photosynthesis and respiration, the change in this new tracer reflects gas exchange at the air-sea interface at the sites of deep-water formation. Plain Language Summary Oxygen utilization at depth offers insight into organic matter remineralization and the strength of the biological carbon pump. However, the oxygen concentration in the ocean interior is also impacted by additional biotic and abiotic processes occurring at the sites of deep-water formation and during transit in the ocean interior. In this study, we summarize, formalize, and model these processes to explore how decomposing the O2 signal at depth with new tools can provide new insight and more refined budgets of the broad-scale oceanic biogeochemical cycling of oxygen and nutrients. This is particularly important in light of the recent evidence that the role of physical processes in regions of convective deep-water formation may currently be underestimated.
Published: 2021

10. Phytoplankton biodiversity is more important for ecosystem functioning in highly variable thermal environments

Author: Soraya Alvarez Codesal, Samuel Barton, Elvire Bestion, Alexandre Garreau, Michèle Huet, José M. Montoya, Bart Haegeman, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Exeter, ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, climate variability, Climate Change, biodiversity-ecosystem functioning, Biodiversity, Climate change, Climate Models, Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, thermal tolerance, 03 medical and health sciences, biodiversity loss, Phytoplankton, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Global warming, technology, industry, and agriculture, Temperature, 15. Life on land, Biological Sciences, temperature fluctuations, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Species richness, marine phytoplankton, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology
Abstract: International audience; The 21st century has seen an acceleration of anthropogenic climate change and biodiversity loss, with both stressors deemed to affect ecosystem functioning. However, we know little about the interactive effects of both stressors and in particular about the interaction of increased climatic variability and biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning. This should be remedied because larger climatic variability is one of the main features of climate change. Here, we demonstrated that temperature fluctuations led to changes in the importance of biodiversity for ecosystem functioning. We used microcosm communities of different phytoplankton species richness and exposed them to a constant, mild, and severe temperature-fluctuating environment. Wider temperature fluctuations led to steeper biodiversity–ecosystem functioning slopes, meaning that species loss had a stronger negative effect on ecosystem functioning in more fluctuating environments. For severe temperature fluctuations, the slope increased through time due to a decrease of the productivity of species-poor communities over time. We developed a theoretical competition model to better understand our experimental results and showed that larger differences in thermal tolerances across species led to steeper biodiversity–ecosystem functioning slopes. Species-rich communities maintained their ecosystem functioning with increased fluctuation as they contained species able to resist the thermally fluctuating environments, while this was on average not the case in species-poor communities. Our results highlight the importance of biodiversity for maintaining ecosystem functions and services in the context of increased climatic variability under climate change.
Published: 2021

11. Fossilized cell structures identify an ancient origin for the teleost whole-genome duplication

Author: Per Ahlberg, Matt Friedman, Giorgio Carnevale, Roger B. J. Benson, Armin D. Schmitt, Donald Davesne, Vincent Fernandez, Sophie Sanchez, University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Leibniz Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], Department of Earth Sciences [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), and Uppsala University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, Genome evolution, Lineage (evolution), genome evolution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, stomatognathic system, Gene Duplication, biology.animal, genome duplication, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, Clade, Genome size, Phylogeny, Genome, Multidisciplinary, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Fossils, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Fishes, Vertebrate, Genomics, Biological Sciences, Crown group, Evolutionary radiation, paleogenomics, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, teleostei, sense organs, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, osteocytes
Abstract: International audience; Teleost fishes comprise one-half of all vertebrate species and possess a duplicated genome. This whole-genome duplication (WGD) occurred on the teleost stem lineage in an ancient common ancestor of all living teleosts and is hypothesized as a trigger of their exceptional evolutionary radiation. Genomic and phylogenetic data indicate that WGD occurred in the Mesozoic after the divergence of teleosts from their closest living relatives but before the origin of the extant teleost groups. However, these approaches cannot pinpoint WGD among the many extinct groups that populate this 50- to 100-million-y lineage, preventing tests of the evolutionary effects of WGD. We infer patterns of genome size evolution in fossil stem-group teleosts using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray tomography to measure the bone cell volumes, which correlate with genome size in living species. Our findings indicate that WGD occurred very early on the teleost stem lineage and that all extinct stem-group teleosts known so far possessed duplicated genomes. WGD therefore predates both the origin of proposed key innovations of the teleost skeleton and the onset of substantial morphological diversification in the clade. Moreover, the early occurrence of WGD allowed considerable time for postduplication reorganization prior to the origin of the teleost crown group. This suggests at most an indirect link between WGD and evolutionary success, with broad implications for the relationship between genomic architecture and large-scale evolutionary patterns in the vertebrate Tree of Life.
Published: 2021

12. Plate kinematic and mantle seismic tomography constraints for the India-Asia collision, Part II: Insights from Myanmar to Sulawesi

Author: A. J. Parsons, Kasra Hosseini, Karin Sigloch, University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), The Alan Turing Institute, and Sigloch, Karin
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Kinematics, Collision, Mantle (geology), [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Seismic tomography, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Geology, Seismology, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: The India-Asia collision is one of the most globally significant tectonic events of the Cenozoic era. It is widely cited as providing a unique natural laboratory for studying collisional tectonics, offering invaluable insights of processes associated with continental collision across a multitude of scales. Yet despite its importance, significant debate continues to surround the validity of three mutually exclusive models to explain the India-Asia collision. These include: (1) the single subduction model; (2) the double subduction model; and (3) the Greater India Basin hypothesis. In our recent review (Parsons et al. 2020, Earth-Science Reviews) we demonstrated that available constraints from the Himalayan orogen and Tibetan plateau, including tomographic analysis of subducted slabs beneath these regions, are unable to robustly define the relative likeliness of each model. In this contribution, we expand upon the work of Parsons et al. (2020), with geological, geophysical, and plate kinematic constraints from the southern Eurasian margin between Myanmar and Sulawesi.Our analysis focuses on the interpretation of subducted oceanic lithosphere beneath Myanmar to Sulawesi and includes a cross sectional area-based restoration of actively subducting India-Australia plate oceanic lithosphere. Our results provide a new restoration for the southern Eurasian margin and the India-Australia plate boundary (the Wharton ridge) during the India-Asia collision. Our integration of plate kinematic constraints with tomographic interpretation of subducted slabs suggests that the plate boundary between the Indian continent and southern Tibet migrated ~1000-2000 km northwards during collision. This includes ~1000 km lateral migration of subducted Indian plate oceanic lithosphere, now imaged beneath northern India and southern Tibet.Our reconstruction proposes that northward migration of the India-Tibet suture and subducted Indian plate oceanic lithosphere initiated at ~43 Ma and reflects a major plate network reorganisation event. At this time, “hard collision” of the Indian continent with southern Eurasia occurred synchronously with (1) reduction in Indian plate velocity; (2) cessation of the Wharton ridge and coupling of the Indian and Australian plates; (3) subduction initiation of Australian plate oceanic lithosphere beneath southeast Eurasia, and onset of northeast migration of the Australian continent; (4) accelerated ocean spreading between Australia and Antarctica; and (5) southwest ridge jump of the Central India spreading ridge. Buoyancy of the Indian continent kept it afloat, whilst oceanic lithosphere to the east continued to drive wholesale motion of the coupled India-Australia plate. This forced the Indian continent to migrate northwards, dragging the subducted Indian plate oceanic slab with it, which effectively unzipped the coupled India-Australia plate along the extinct Wharton ridge, during subduction.Our findings are most consistent with models (2) and (3), which are characterised by two collisions, the latter of which occurred between India and the Eurasian margin at ~45-40 Ma. More generally, our study demonstrates how changes in the balance of forces within a plate network, caused by events such as continental collision, can lead to significant plate network reorganisations. Such events can have dramatic effects on the position and geometry of subducted slabs and should be considered when interpreting plate restorations from deep-mantle structure.
Published: 2021

13. X-ray Free Electron Laser-Induced Synthesis of ϵ-Iron Nitride at High Pressures

Author: Dana Dattlebaum, Alexander F. Goncharov, Thomas Vogt, R. Stewart McWilliams, R. J. Husband, Guillaume Morard, Emma McBride, A. L. Coleman, Vitali B. Prakapenka, Jaeyong Kim, Jona Mainberger, Elena Bykova, Jeffrey S. Pigott, Julien Chantel, Zuzana Konôpková, Leora E. Dresselhaus-Marais, Yongjae Lee, E. F. O'Bannon, Georg Spiekermann, A. Pelka, Karen Appel, Jon Eggert, Nenad Velisavljevic, Christoph Otzen, Richard Briggs, Clemens Prescher, Konstantin Glazyrin, Guillaume Fiquet, Mungo Frost, M. A. Baron, Edward J. Pace, James D. McHardy, Ulf Zastrau, Hyunchae Cynn, Max Wilke, C. Strohm, Lars Ehm, Taehyun Kim, Hauke Marquardt, Hanns-Peter Liermann, Valerio Cerantola, Charles Pépin, Sébastien Merkel, Blake T. Sturtevant, Malcolm McMahon, Orianna B. Ball, Ronald Redmer, M. Makita, Choong-Shik Yoo, Zsolt Jenei, Maxim Bykov, Carsten Baehtz, Sergio Speziale, Huijeong Hwang, William J. Evans, Hwang, H, Kim, T, Cynn, H, Vogt, T, Husband, R, Appel, K, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Baron, M, Briggs, R, Bykov, M, Bykova, E, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Coleman, A, Dattlebaum, D, Dresselhaus-Marais, L, Eggert, J, Ehm, L, Evans, W, Fiquet, G, Frost, M, Glazyrin, K, Goncharov, A, Jenei, Z, Kim, J, Konôpková, Z, Mainberger, J, Makita, M, Marquardt, H, Mcbride, E, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, O'Bannon, E, Otzen, C, Pace, E, Pelka, A, Pépin, C, Pigott, J, Prakapenka, V, Prescher, C, Redmer, R, Speziale, S, Spiekermann, G, Strohm, C, Sturtevant, B, Velisavljevic, N, Wilke, M, Yoo, C, Zastrau, U, Liermann, H, Mcmahon, M, Mcwilliams, R, Lee, Y, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yonsei University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of South Carolina [Columbia], Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), University of Edinburgh, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Institution for Science, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Hanyang University, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], University of Chicago, Institut für Physik [Rostock], Universität Rostock, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Institut für Geowissenschaften [Potsdam], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Washington State University (WSU), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), University of Oxford [Oxford], Universität Potsdam, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [LLNL], Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] [DESY], Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie [IMPMC], Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Los Alamos National Laboratory [LANL], Stony Brook University [SUNY] [SBU], Institut des Sciences de la Terre [ISTerre], DAM Île-de-France [DAM/DIF], GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam [GFZ], and Washington State University [WSU]
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Solid-gas reaction, X-ray free electron laser, Diamond-anvil cell, Iron, Iron nitride, synthesis, Nitrogen, x-ray heating, Analytical chemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Diamond anvil cell, high temperature, chemistry.chemical_compound, extreme condition, Chemical reactions, X-rays, General Materials Science, ddc:530, Irradiation, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, iron nitride, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], XFEL, X-ray, Free-electron laser, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, high pressure, chemistry, diamond anvil cell, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Ultrashort pulse, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: The journal of physical chemistry letters 12(12), 3246 - 3252 (2021). doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00150, The ultrafast synthesis of ε-Fe$_3$N$_{1+x}$ in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) from Feand N$_2$ under pressure was observed using serial exposures of an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL). When the sample at 5 GPa was irradiated by a pulse train separated by 443 ns, the estimated sample temperature at the delay time was above 1400 K, confirmed by in situ transformation of $α$- to $γ$-iron. Ultimately, the Fe and N$_2$ reacted uniformly throughout the beam path to form Fe$_3$N$_{1.33}$, as deduced from its established equation of state (EOS). We thus demonstrate that the activation energy provided by intense X-ray exposures in an XFEL can be coupled with the source time structure to enable exploration of the time-dependence of reactions under high-pressure conditions., Published by ACS, Washington, DC
Published: 2021

14. No signal of a plume push force in Indo-Atlantic plate speeds before, during, or after Deccan plume arrival

Author: Graeme Eagles, Lucía Pérez Diaz, Karin Sigloch, Sigloch, Karin, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Signal, Plume, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Geology, Seismology, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: Observations of the apparent links between plate speeds and the global distribution of plate boundary types have led to the suggestion that subduction may provide the largest component in the balance of torques maintaining plate motions. This would imply that plate speeds should not exceed the sinking rates of slabs into the upper mantle. Instances of this ‘speed limit’ having been broken may thus hint at the existence of driving mechanisms additional to those resulting from plate boundary forces. The arrival and emplacement of the Deccan-Réunion mantle plume beneath the Indian-African plate boundary in the 67-62 Ma period has been discussed in terms of one such additional driving mechanism, leading to the establishment of “plume-push” hypothesis, which in recent years has gained significant traction. We challenge the model-based observations that form the principal evidence in favour of plume-push: a late Cretaceous pulse of anticorrelating accelerations and decelerations in seafloor spreading rates around the African and Indian plates. Using existing and newly-calculated high-resolution models of plate motion, we instead document an increase in divergence rates at 67-64 Ma. Because of its ubiquity, we consider this increase to be the artefact of a timescale error affecting chrons 29-28. Corrected for this artefact, the evolution of plate speeds resembles a smooth continuation of pre-existing late Cretaceous trends, consistent with the idea that the arrival of the Réunion plume did not substantially affect the existing balance of plate boundary forces on the Indian and African plates.
Published: 2021

15. Correction: Kulk et al. Primary Production, an Index of Climate Change in the Ocean: Satellite-Based Estimates over Two Decades. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 826

Author: Žarko Kovač, Hafsteinn G. Gudfinnsson, James Dingle, Marta Estrada, Mini Raman, Gavin H. Tilstone, Trevor Platt, Tomonori Isada, Bangqin Huang, Katherine Richardson, Takashi Yoshikawa, Heather A. Bouman, Willem H. van de Poll, Gemma Kulk, Natalia González-Benítez, Bror Jönsson, Ken Furuya, Emilio Marañón, Shubha Sathyendranath, Francisco G. Figueiras, Thomas J. Jackson, Kristinn Gudmundsson, Vivian A. Lutz, Julia Uitz, Martina A. Doblin, Patrick D. Rozema, Valeria Segura, Marcel Babin, Virginie van Dongen-Vogels, Robert J. W. Brewin, European Space Agency, Simons Foundation, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Index (typography), 0211 other engineering and technologies, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Art, 01 natural sciences, n/a, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 14. Life underwater, primary production, phytoplankton, photosynthesis, ocean-colour remote-sensing, climate change, Humanities, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: A Corrigendum on Primary Production, an Index of Climate Change in the Ocean: Satellite-Based Estimates over Two Decades.-- Special Issue Feature Paper Special Issue on Ocean Remote Sensing.-- 13 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables by Kulk, Gemma; Platt, Trevor; Dingle, James; Jackson, Thomas; Jönsson, Bror F.; Bouman, Heather A.; Babin, Marcel; Brewin, Robert; Doblin, Martina; Estrada, Marta; Figueiras, F. G.; Furuya, Ken; González, Natalia; Gudfinnsson, Hafsteinn G.; Gudmundsson, Kristinn; Huang, Bangqin; Isada, Tomonori; Kovač, Žarko; Lutz, Vivian A.; Marañón, Emilio; Raman, Mini; Richardson, Katherine; Rozema, Patrick D.; Poll, Willem H. van de; Segura, Valeria; Tilstone, Gavin H.; Uitz, Julia; Dongen-Vogels, Virginie van; Yoshikawa, Takashi; Sathyendranath, Shubha. (2021).Remote Sensing 12(5): 826 (2020). doi: 10.3390/rs12050826.-- pecial Issue Feature Paper Special Issue on Ocean Remote Sensing.-- 13 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, Since the article “Primary Production, an Index of Climate Change in the Ocean: Satellite-Based Estimates over Two Decades” by Kulk et al. [1] was published, we discovered an error in the code of the primary production model, which crept in when the code was updated from the original version described by Platt and Sathyendranath (1988), Sathyendranath et al. (1995) and Longhurst et al. (1995) ([2,31,52] in [1]). The main error in the code led to a time interval for the integration of daily water-column primary production that was shorter than it should have been. As a consequence, daily surface irradiance and hence primary production were systematically underestimated by 20–25% for the entire time series. We also discovered that the Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) products of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that were used to scale the daily light cycle were rounded down for 2003–2019 (MODIS years), which led to an additional but small underestimation of daily surface irradiance. In addition to addressing these errors, we have included a merged time series of the PAR product to remove inter-sensor biases (as described in the corrected text of Appendix B; see below). The main corrections increased our estimate of global annual primary production on average by +23.9% between 1998 and 2018, while the correction of the rounding error in the PAR products increased global annual primary production between 2003 and 2018 by +0.9%. Inclusion of the merged PAR product in the primary production model caused a −0.25% decrease in global annual primary production between 1998 and 2002 and a +0.08% increase between 2003 and 2010 (relative to the aforementioned +23.9% increase for the entire time series). Our estimate of global annual primary production between 1998 and 2018 now is 48.7 to 52.5 Gt C y−1 instead of the published estimate of 38.8 to 42.1 Gt C y−1. Although this is a substantial increase in the estimate of primary production, the results of the sensitivity analysis in which the photosynthesis versus irradiance parameters were varied by ±1 standard deviation and, importantly, the observed trends in regional and global annual primary production are largely unchanged. We therefore consider the outcomes of the study still valid after the corrections. We also note that our corrected estimate of global annual primary production is still within the range of earlier reports (32.0–70.7 Gt C y−1 [5,104] in [1]). The corrected paragraphs, tables and figures appear below. All references mentioned below can be found in the original article [1]. The corrections affect a number of results, but the nature of the corrections is largely the same: the magnitude of primary production has increased significantly everywhere, whereas the trends have been affected only marginally, and the major conclusions remain unchanged, except for the magnitude of marine primary production. The authors apologise for any inconvenience caused. The original article has been updated, This research was funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) Living Planet Fellowship programme (PICCOLO, G.K.), the Simons Foundation grant Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems (CBIOMES, number 549947, S.S.) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council National Capability funding for the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT, G.H.T.). This paper is a contribution to the Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) and Biological Pump and Carbon Exchange Processes (BICEP) projects of ESA. Additional support from the National Centre for Earth Observations (UK) is also gratefully acknowledge, With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)
Published: 2021

16. Endochondral bone in an Early Devonian ‘placoderm’ from Mongolia

Author: Thomas Guillerme, Ya. Ariunchimeg, E. Zorig, Sam Giles, Marco Castiello, Martin D. Brazeau, Robert S. Sansom, Richard P. Dearden, Anna Jerve, Commission of the European Communities, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, UK, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Natural History Museum, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEES), University of Manchester [Manchester], Department of Animal and Plant Sciences [Sheffield], and University of Sheffield [Sheffield]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, PHYLOGENY, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Devonian, Skeletal tissue, Evolutionsbiologi, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Endochondral ossification, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, 0303 health sciences, Science & Technology, Ecology, Skull roof, ORIGIN, Fossils, Skull, EARLY EVOLUTION, Mongolia, GENOME, INSIGHTS, medicine.anatomical_structure, Computed microtomography, Jaw, Sister group, Evolutionary biology, %22">Fish , [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract: Endochondral bone is the main internal skeletal tissue of nearly all osteichthyans—the group comprising more than 60,000 living species of bony fishes and tetrapods. Chondrichthyans (sharks and their kin) are the living sister group of osteichthyans and have primarily cartilaginous endoskeletons, long considered the ancestral condition for all jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes). The absence of bone in modern jawless fishes and the absence of endochondral ossification in early fossil gnathostomes appear to lend support to this conclusion. Here we report the discovery of extensive endochondral bone in Minjinia turgenensis, a new genus and species of ‘placoderm’-like fish from the Early Devonian (Pragian) of western Mongolia described using X-ray computed microtomography. The fossil consists of a partial skull roof and braincase with anatomical details providing strong evidence of placement in the gnathostome stem group. However, its endochondral space is filled with an extensive network of fine trabeculae resembling the endochondral bone of osteichthyans. Phylogenetic analyses place this new taxon as a proximate sister group of the gnathostome crown. These results provide direct support for theories of generalized bone loss in chondrichthyans. Furthermore, they revive theories of a phylogenetically deeper origin of endochondral bone and its absence in chondrichthyans as a secondary condition. Minjinia turgenensis, an Early Devonian fish, preserves anatomical details consistent with it being a stem gnathostome, but also endochondral bone similar to that of osteichthyans. These findings suggest that endochondral bone is an ancestral condition subsequently lost in chondrichthyans.
Published: 2020

17. The δ53Cr isotope composition of komatiite flows and implications for the composition of the bulk silicate Earth

Author: P. Bonnand, Andrew C. Kerr, Matthew Jerram, Euan G. Nisbet, Igor S. Puchtel, Alex N. Halliday, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, University of Oxford [Oxford], The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Department of Earth Sciences [Egham], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Department of Geology, University of Maryland, 8000 Regents Drive, College Park, MD, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cardiff University, University of Maryland [College Park], and University of Maryland System
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), chemistry.chemical_compound, Mantle melting, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Cr stable isotopes, Metasomatism, Komatiites, Achondrite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Bulk silicate Earth, Olivine, Stable isotope ratio, Partial melting, Geology, Silicate, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Fractional crystallisation, engineering
Abstract: Data on the chromium stable isotope composition of planetary reservoirs have the potential to provide information about core formation, partial melting and conditions of the Moon formation. In order to detect the small Cr isotopic differences between various reservoirs in the solar system, their compositions need to be precisely constrained. The current BSE value of δ53Cr = −0.11 ± 0.06‰ (Sossi et al., 2018) cannot resolve differences between achondrites, (Vesta δ53Cr = −0.17 ± 0.05‰) and chondrites (carbonaceous δ53Cr = −0.12 ± 0.05‰; ordinary δ53Cr = −0.11 ± 0.04‰). The composition of the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) is often used as a reference point for comparisons to other planetary reservoirs. However, past attempts to estimate the Cr isotopic composition of the BSE have been unable to provide a well-constrained BSE value. Traditional methods, using mantle peridotites, are affected by the susceptibility of Cr isotopes to fractionation during metasomatism. More recently, the Cr isotope composition of the BSE has been calculated using komatiites, in addition to mantle peridotites, to produce a more precise value (Sossi et al., 2018). In order to constrain the BSE composition to a higher precision, the δ53Cr of remarkably fresh komatiite lava flows from three localities, ranging in age from 2.7 Ga to 89 Ma, have been investigated in detail. These included the Tony's Flow in the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, the Victoria's Lava Lake in Fennoscandia, and komatiites from Gorgona Island in Colombia.\ud\udIn the komatiites studied, a range in Cr isotopic compositions was found, from δ53Cr = −0.16 ± 0.02 to −0.01 ± 0.02‰. We show that the high degrees of partial melting that produced the komatiites, did not result in Cr isotopic fractionation between the komatiitic melt and mantle residue. However, limited Cr isotopic fractionation is found to be a consequence of komatiite lava differentiation. For the lava flows with high Mg content and high Cr2+/ƩCrTOT (the molar ratio of Cr2+/(Cr2+ + Cr3+)), such as Tony's Flow and Gorgona, δ53Cr increases in the evolved portion of the magma during olivine fractionation due to the preferential inclusion of light Cr into olivine. Other flows with lower MgO content do not show this behaviour because a smaller fraction of the Cr is contained in olivine. The effects of fractional crystallisation must, therefore, be taken into account when calculating the Cr isotopic composition of the source of komatiite lavas.\ud\udThe weighted average of δ53Cr for the komatiite lavas analysed is −0.12 ± 0.04‰ (n = 5) and represents our best estimate for the Cr isotopic composition of the BSE. It agrees with the previous estimates, while providing an improvement to the uncertainty. There is no resolvable difference between this value and that of chondritic meteorites. Our data also indicate that the δ53Cr of the mantle has been constant since at least the Archean.
Published: 2020

18. Potential of Earth’s core as a reservoir for noble gases: Case for helium and neon

Author: Don Porcelli, Simon P. Kelley, Mohamed Ali Bouhifd, B. Marty, Andrew P. Jephcoat, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Okayama University, School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, chemistry.chemical_element, Noble gas, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Early Earth, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Mantle plume, Outer core, Neon, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Mineral redox buffer, Environmental Chemistry, Atomic physics, Helium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Co-auteur étranger; International audience; doi: 10.7185/geochemlet.2028 lower mantle upper mantle OIB MORB outer core Low 3 He/ 22 Ne High 3 He/ 4 He Co re C on tr ib ut io n This study investigates metal-silicate partitioning of neon (D Ne) under the likely conditions of early Earth's core formation: up to 16 GPa, ∼ 3000 K and an oxygen fugacity near IW-2 (2 log units below the Iron-Wüstite buffer). We find that the D Ne coefficients range between 10 −2 and 10 −1. These partition coefficients are only one of the controlling factors of noble gas distributions within the early Earth: because, even if D He and D Ne are low (∼10 −4), there may have been sufficient noble gases present in the mantle to supply a significant quantity of He and Ne to the core. Assuming gas-melt equilibrium of the molten proto-Earth with a nebular gas composition and con-comitant metal-silicate differentiation, the core would have inherited and maintained throughout Earth's history high 3 He/ 4 He ratios and low 3 He/ 22 Ne ratios (
Published: 2020

19. Towards the use of the coccolith vital effects in palaeoceanography: A field investigation during the middle Miocene in the SW Pacific Ocean

Author: H. L. O. McClelland, James S. Hirst, Rosalind E. M. Rickaby, Magali Bonifacie, Michaël Hermoso, Fabrice Minoletti, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Deep-Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)Fonds National de la Recherche (Luxembourg) under grant agreement 480 PDR-08-002 and from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) for grant ANR-481 17-CE01-0004-01 (project CARCLIM). F.M. and M.H. both acknowledge the Mission pour 482 l’Interdisciplinarité of the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) for 483 financial support within the Défi ISOTOP Scheme (project COCCOTOPE). R.R. is grateful 484 to the ERC (Grant SP2-GA-2008-200915), ANR-17-CE01-0004,CARCLIM,Les coccolithophoridés : acteurs et enregistreurs des changements climatiques(2017), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Weizmann Institute of Science, University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Coccoliths, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Forcing (mathematics), Aquatic Science, Late Miocene, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Pacific ocean, Coccolith, chemistry.chemical_compound, DSDP site 588, 14. Life underwater, pCO2, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, Vital effect, Miocene, SST, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Period (geology), Carbon
Abstract: International audience; Recent culture studies of living coccolithophores have established a biogeochemical framework for the use of the geochemical compositions of their calcite biominerals as proxies in palaeoceanography. Yet, questions remain regarding the transferability of such experimental data to fossil coccoliths. Here we analysed the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of Miocene coccoliths to assess the suitability of such data for reconstructing the past environment. We found that the oxygen isotopic compositions of the relatively small Noelaerhabdaceae coccoliths gathered in the 3-5 μm fractions appear to be a suitable material to derive temperatures after a correction for a constant vital offset of 0.8‰. The interpretation of the isotopic signal of the relatively large Coccolithales coccoliths (5-8 μm fractions) is more complex, but supports results from cultures. The expression of the carbon and oxygen vital effect in coccoliths appears to be limited during the so-called Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO), a period of relatively elevated atmospheric pCO2. Subsequently, during the Miocene Climatic Transition (MCT; ~14 Ma), which saw a decline in pCO2, large carbon and oxygen vital effects were expressed in coccolith calcite. This phenomenon predates the postulated “Late Miocene Threshold” by approximately 4 Ma, and cannot be reconciled as a temporally-synchronous nor localised feature. Furthermore, we observed a statistically significant correlation between the oxygen and carbon offsets of the small relative to large coccoliths (hence, the vital effect per se) that is likely linked to variations in atmospheric CO2. This biogeochemical correlation further supports a forcing of the environment on the cellular physiology (growth rate and utilisation of intracellular carbon) and ultimately the magnitude of isotopic vital effects in fossil coccoliths.
Published: 2020

20. A Re‐evaluation of the Plenus Cold Event, and the Links Between CO2, Temperature, and Seawater Chemistry During OAE 2

Author: Sietske J. Batenburg, Serginio R. C. Remmelzwaal, Stuart A. Robinson, Hugh C. Jenkyns, Andrew S. Gale, Lauren K. O'Connor, Ian J. Parkinson, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Arizona, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Bristol [Bristol], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), University of Portsmouth, University College, Oxford, University of Oxford, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Neodymium, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ocean chemistry, Excursion, Ocean current, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Paleontology, Context (language use), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Plenus Cold Event, SSTs, Ocean circulation, Boreal, 13. Climate action, Upwelling, CO2, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, OAE2, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The greenhouse world of the mid‐Cretaceous (~94 Ma) was punctuated by an episode of abrupt climatic upheaval: Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2). High‐resolution climate records reveal considerable changes in temperature, carbon cycling, and ocean chemistry during this climatic perturbation. In particular, an interval of cooling has been detected in the English Chalk on the basis of an invasive boreal fauna and bulk oxygen‐isotope excursions registered during the early stages of OAE 2—a phenomenon known as the Plenus Cold Event (PCE), which has tentatively been correlated with climatic shifts worldwide.Here we present new high‐resolution neodymium‐, carbon‐, and oxygen‐isotope data, as well as elemental chromium concentrations and cerium anomalies, from the English Chalk exposed at Dover, UK, which we evaluate in the context of >400 records from across the globe. A negative carbon‐isotope excursion that correlates with the original ‘PCE’ is consistently expressed worldwide, and CO2 proxy records, where available, indicate a rise and subsequent fall in CO2 over the Plenus interval. However, variability in the timing and expression of cooling at different sites suggests that, although sea‐surface paleo‐temperatures may reflect a response to global CO2 change, local processes likely played a dominant role at many sites. Variability in the timing and expression of changes in water‐mass character, and problems in determining the driver of observed proxy changes, suggest that no single simple mechanism can link the carbon cycle to oceanography during the Plenus interval and other factors including upwelling and circulation patterns were locally important. As such, it is proposed that the Plenus carbon‐isotope event is a more reliable stratigraphic marker to identify the Plenus interval, rather than any climatic shifts that may have been overprinted by local effects.
Published: 2020

21. An improved setup for radial diffraction experiments at high pressures and high temperatures in a resistive graphite-heated diamond anvil cell

Author: A. Ehnes, Hauke Marquardt, I. Schwark, Sébastien Merkel, Hanns-Peter Liermann, Julia Immoor, Sergio Speziale, Lowell Miyagi, Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), Universität Bayreuth, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Utah, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), University of Oxford, Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) - UMR 8207, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] [DESY]
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Silicate perovskite, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Diamond anvil cell, 010305 fluids & plasmas, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Graphite, Composite material, Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], DESY, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, chemistry, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Vacuum chamber, ddc:620, Ferropericlase, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Tantalum carbide
Abstract: Review of scientific instruments 91(4), 045121 - (2020). doi:10.1063/1.5143293, We present an improved setup for the experimental study of deformation of solids at simultaneous high pressures and temperatures by radial x-ray diffraction. This technique employs a graphite resistive heated Mao–Bell type diamond anvil cell for radial x-ray diffraction in combination with a water-cooled vacuum chamber. The new chamber has been developed by the sample environment group at PETRA III and implemented at the Extreme Conditions Beamline P02.2 at PETRA III, DESY (Hamburg, Germany). We discuss applications of the new setup to study deformation of a variety of materials, including ferropericlase, calcium perovskite, bridgmanite, and tantalum carbide, at high-pressure/temperature., Published by American Institute of Physics, [S.l.]
Published: 2020

22. The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-δ18O and δ2H records to aid understanding of Common Era climate

Author: Konecky, Bronwen, Mckay, Nicholas, Churakova (sidorova), Olga, Comas-Bru, Laia, Dassié, Émilie, Delong, Kristine L., Falster, Georgina, Fischer, Matt, Jones, Matthew, Jonkers, Lukas, Kaufman, Darrell S., Leduc, Guillaume, Managave, Shreyas, Martrat, Belen, Opel, Thomas, Orsi, Anais, Partin, Judson, Sayani, Hussein, Thomas, Elizabeth R., Thompson, Diane, Tyler, Jonathan J., Abram, Nerilie J., Atwood, Alyssa, Cartapanis, Olivier, Conroy, Jessica, Curran, Mark, Dee, Sylvia, Deininger, Michael, Divine, Dmitry V., Kern, Zoltán, Porter, Trevor J., Stevenson, Samantha, von Gunten, Lucien, Braun, Kerstin, Carré, Matthieu, Incarbona, Alessandro, Kaushal, Nikita, Klaebe, Robert M., Kolus, Hannah R., Mortyn, Peter Graham, Moy, Andrew D., Roop, Heidi A., Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Yoshimura, Kei, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), University of Reading (UOR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LSU - Department of Geography and Anthropology [Baton Rouge], Louisiana State University (LSU), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Earth and Climate Science Department [IISER Pune], Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), Department of Environmental Chemistry [Barcelona], Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo), State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Geosciences [Tucson], University of Arizona, Department of Earth Sciences [Adelaide], University of Adelaide, Research School of Earth Sciences and Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Rice University [Houston], Institute of Geosciences [Mainz], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Department of Geography and Planning [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Faculty of the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, Past Global Changes International Project Office (PAGES), Past Global Changes International Project Office, Institute of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Earth and Marine Sciences [Palermo], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], The University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sustainability, Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University of Washington [Seattle], Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Swiss Academy of SciencesNational Science Foundation (NSF)Chinese Academy of SciencesNSF-AGS1805141NSF-AGS PRF1433408PalMod, the German paleoclimate modeling initiativeFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences [University of Arizona], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and University of Oxford
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Reconstructions of global hydroclimate during the Common Era (CE; the past ∼2000 years) are important for providing context for current and future global environmental change. Stable isotope ratios in water are quantitative indicators of hydroclimate on regional to global scales, and these signals are encoded in a wide range of natural geologic archives. Here we present the Iso2k database, a global compilation of previously published datasets from a variety of natural archives that record the stable oxygen (δ18O) or hydrogen (δ2H) isotopic compositions of environmental waters, which reflect hydroclimate changes over the CE. The Iso2k database contains 759 isotope records from the terrestrial and marine realms, including glacier and ground ice (210); speleothems (68); corals, sclerosponges, and mollusks (143); wood (81); lake sediments and other terrestrial sediments (e.g., loess) (158); and marine sediments (99). Individual datasets have temporal resolutions ranging from sub-annual to centennial and include chronological data where available. A fundamental feature of the database is its comprehensive metadata, which will assist both experts and nonexperts in the interpretation of each record and in data synthesis. Key metadata fields have standardized vocabularies to facilitate comparisons across diverse archives and with climate-model-simulated fields. This is the first global-scale collection of water isotope proxy records from multiple types of geological and biological archives. It is suitable for evaluating hydroclimate processes through time and space using large-scale synthesis, model–data intercomparison and (paleo)data assimilation. The Iso2k database is available for download at https://doi.org/10.25921/57j8-vs18 (Konecky and McKay, 2020) and is also accessible via the NOAA/WDS Paleo Data landing page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/29593 (last access: 30 July 2020).
Published: 2020

23. Submarine landslides around volcanic islands: A review of what can be learned from the Lesser Antilles Arc

Author: Anne Le Friant, Maya Coussens, Michael Cassidy, Sara Lafuerza, Elodie Lebas, Matthew J. Hornbach, Morgane Brunet, Sebastian F. L. Watt, Peter J. Talling, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Christian‐Albrechts‐University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, Sorbonne Université (SU), SMU Dedman College, Dallas, Texas, United States, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom, Kei Ogata, Andrea Festa, and Gian Andrea Pini
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, International Ocean Discovery Program, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Arc (geometry), Volcano, Tsunami hazard, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Seismology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Submarine landslide
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

24. Primary Production, an Index of Climate Change in the Ocean: Satellite-Based Estimates over Two Decades

Author: Natalia González-Benítez, Kristinn Gudmundsson, Julia Uitz, Žarko Kovač, Bangqin Huang, Heather A. Bouman, Hafsteinn G. Gudfinnsson, Mini Raman, Katherine Richardson, Ken Furuya, Patrick D. Rozema, Bror Jönsson, Vivian Alicia Lutz, Marcel Babin, Virginie van Dongen-Vogels, Gemma Kulk, Marta Estrada, Shubha Sathyendranath, James Dingle, Valeria Segura, Thomas Jackson, Francisco G. Figueiras, Martina A. Doblin, Willem H. van de Poll, Tomonori Isada, Robert J. W. Brewin, Gavin H. Tilstone, Trevor Platt, Takashi Yoshikawa, Emilio Marañón, European Space Agency, Simons Foundation, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Exeter, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Xiamen University, Hokkaido Information University, University of Split, Universidade de Vigo, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Groningen [Groningen], Australian Institute of Marine Science [Townsville] (AIMS Townsville), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), and Ocean Ecosystems
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 2417.05 Biología Marina, 2510.01 Oceanografía Biológica, OCEAN-COLOUR REMOTE-SENSING, SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, CLIMATE CHANGE, PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS, Irradiance, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Water column, primary production, phytoplankton, photosynthesis, ocean-colour remote-sensing, climate change, PHYTOPLANKTON, PRIMARY PRODUCTION, Temporal scales, lcsh:Science, LIGHT, GROWTH, NATURAL ASSEMBLAGES, Climate change, Photosynthesis, MANUKAU HARBOR, Phytoplankton, Production (economics), SPECIES COMPOSITION, 14. Life underwater, PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0203 Classical Physics, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 0909 Geomatic Engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, 2502.9 Cambio climático, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, MARINE PRIMARY PRODUCTION, SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology
Abstract: Special Issue Feature Paper Special Issue on Ocean Remote Sensing.-- 27 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, 2 appendixes.-- Correction: Kulk et al. Primary Production, an Index of Climate Change in the Ocean: Satellite-Based Estimates over Two Decades. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 826. doi: 10.3390/rs13173462, Primary production by marine phytoplankton is one of the largest fluxes of carbon on our planet. In the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in estimating global primary production at high spatial and temporal scales by combining in situ measurements of primary production with remote-sensing observations of phytoplankton biomass. One of the major challenges in this approach lies in the assignment of the appropriate model parameters that define the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton to the light field. In the present study, a global database of in situ measurements of photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) parameters and a 20-year record of climate quality satellite observations were used to assess global primary production and its variability with seasons and locations as well as between years. In addition, the sensitivity of the computed primary production to potential changes in the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton cells under changing environmental conditions was investigated. Global annual primary production varied from 38.8 to 42.1 Gt C yr −1 over the period of 1998–2018. Inter-annual changes in global primary production did not follow a linear trend, and regional differences in the magnitude and direction of change in primary production were observed. Trends in primary production followed directly from changes in chlorophyll-a and were related to changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the water column due to inter-annual and multidecadal climate oscillations. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis in which P-I parameters were adjusted by ±1 standard deviation showed the importance of accurately assigning photosynthetic parameters in global and regional calculations of primary production. The assimilation number of the P-I curve showed strong relationships with environmental variables such as temperature and had a practically one-to-one relationship with the magnitude of change in primary production. In the future, such empirical relationships could potentially be used for a more dynamic assignment of photosynthetic rates in the estimation of global primary production. Relationships between the initial slope of the P-I curve and environmental variables were more elusive, This research was funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) Living Planet Fellowship programme (PICCOLO, G.K.), the Simons Foundation grant Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems (CBIOMES, number 549947, S.S.) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council National Capability funding for the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT, G.H.T.). This paper is a contribution to the Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) and Biological Pump and Carbon Exchange Processes (BICEP) projects of ESA. Additional support from the National Centre for Earth Observations (UK) is also gratefully acknowledge, With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)
Published: 2020

25. Geological, geophysical and plate kinematic constraints for models of the India-Asia collision and the post-Triassic central Tethys oceans

Author: Kasra Hosseini, Richard M. Palin, Karin Sigloch, A. J. Parsons, Colorado School of Mines, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, Bedrock, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Collision, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Paleontology, Continental margin, 13. Climate action, Seismic tomography, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Suture (geology), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; In this study, we integrate bedrock datasets, observations of subducted slabs in the mantle, and plate kinematic constraints to constrain models for the India-Asia collision and the central Tethys oceans. To accomplish this, we review: (1) the post-Triassic bedrock record of subduction in Tibet; (2) seismic tomographic imaging of subducted slabs in the mantle; (3) timing of the India-Asia collision; and (4) the pre-collisional size of Greater India. Following the assumption that slabs sink vertically through the mantle, their positions and geometries determined from seismic tomography constrain the locations and kinematics of paleo-subduction zones. Integrating this with bedrock constraints allows us to constrain post-Triassic subduction zone configurations for the central Tethys oceans. Neotethys was consumed by at least two subduction zones since the Jurassic. At the onset of the India-Asia collision at 59 ± 1 Ma, one subduction zone was active along the southern Asian continental margin at ~20°N. At that time, a second may have been active at subequatorial latitudes, but support for this from a bedrock perspective is lacking. This subduction zone configuration allows for three reconstructions for Greater India: The (1) minimum-area; (2) enlarged-area; and (3) Greater India Basin reconstructions. We integrate these reconstructions and subduction zone configurations in a plate kinematic framework to test their validity for the India-Asia collision. No single model is entirely satisfactory and each invokes assumptions that challenge accepted concepts. These include our understanding of suture zones, and the limits of continental subduction. We explore these challenges and their implications for our understanding of the India-Asia collision and continental collisions in general.
Published: 2020

26. 230 Th Normalization: New Insights on an Essential Tool for Quantifying Sedimentary Fluxes in the Modern and Quaternary Ocean

Author: Laura F. Robinson, Paul Lerner, Allison W Jacobel, Sylvain Pichat, Kassandra M Costa, Adi Torfstein, George H. Rowland, Walter Geibert, Jörg Lippold, Alessandro Tagliabue, Samuel L Jaccard, Jean-Claude Dutay, Gideon M. Henderson, Stephanie S. Kienast, Alexandra R. Bausch, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, David McGee, Christoph Heinze, Gisela Winckler, Yuxin Zhou, Sharon S. Hoffmann, Robert F. Anderson, Figen Mekik, Christelle Not, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Frank J. Pavia, Lauren Kipp, Jerry F. McManus, Christopher T. Hayes, Franco Marcantonio, Lise Missiaen, Jennifer L. Middleton, Feifei Deng, David C Lund, Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pleistocene, Nepheloid layer, Paleontology, Last Glacial Maximum, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Continental margin, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Carbonate, Sedimentary rock, 14. Life underwater, Quaternary, 550 Earth sciences & geology, Holocene, Geology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; 230 Th normalization is a valuable paleoceanographic tool for reconstructing high-resolution sediment fluxes during the late Pleistocene (last~500,000 years). As its application has expanded to ever more diverse marine environments, the nuances of 230 Th systematics, with regard to particle type, particle size, lateral advective/diffusive redistribution, and other processes, have emerged. We synthesized over 1000 sedimentary records of 230 Th from across the global ocean at two time slices, the late Holocene (0-5,000 years ago, or 0-5 ka) and the Last Glacial Maximum (18.5-23.5 ka), and investigated the spatial structure of 230 Th-normalized mass fluxes. On a global scale, sedimentary mass fluxes were significantly higher during the Last Glacial Maximum (1.79-2.17 g/cm 2 kyr, 95% confidence) relative to the Holocene (1.48-1.68 g/cm 2 kyr, 95% confidence). We then examined the potential confounding influences of boundary scavenging, nepheloid layers, hydrothermal scavenging, size-dependent sediment fractionation, and carbonate dissolution on the efficacy of 230 Th as a constant flux proxy. Anomalous 230 Th behavior is sometimes observed proximal to hydrothermal ridges and in continental margins where high particle fluxes and steep continental slopes can lead to the combined effects of boundary scavenging and nepheloid interference. Notwithstanding these limitations, we found that 230Th normalization is a robust tool for determining sediment mass accumulation rates in the majority of pelagic marine settings (>1,000 m water depth).
Published: 2020

27. The Relationship Between Seismic and Aseismic Slip on the Philippine Fault on Leyte Island: Bayesian Modeling of Fault Slip and Geothermal Subsidence

Author: Romain Jolivet, J. D. B. Dianala, Barry Parsons, Marion Y. Thomas, Richard Walker, Yo Fukushima, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Tohoku University [Sendai]
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Seismic slip, Slip (materials science), Bayesian inference, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Aseismic slip, Fault slip, Geothermal gradient, Seismology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Slip rate
Abstract: International audience; Delineating seismic and aseismic slip on faults allows the exploration of the complex relationship between these different modes of slip. Further, quantifying them helps in the assessment of seismogenic potential. We present a distributed slip model of the rate of aseismic slip along the Leyte island section of the Philippine Fault and make comparisons with the extent of seismic slip from the latest significant earthquakes in July 2017. We derived both coseismic and aseismic slip distributions from kinematic inversions of synthetic aperture radar interferometric (InSAR) observations using a probabilistic (Bayesian) framework. Velocity maps from stacking and time series analysis of ALOS interferograms spanning 4 years (2007–2011) show a step change in ground deformation right on the fault. Inverting for slip at depth reveals along‐strike variations of aseismic slip rate over ∼100 km. Aseismic slip on the surface reaches rates of more than 3 cm/yr, equivalent to the long‐term slip rate (3.3 ± 0.2 cm/yr). Over the same period, a 20‐km segment in Tongonan appears to be locked. This segment ruptured in Mw 6.5 and Mw 5.8 earthquakes on 6 and 10 July 2017, respectively, as constrained by Sentinel‐1 and ALOS‐2 InSAR data. Seismic slip appears to be restricted within the Tongonan segment, with up to 152 ± 21 cm of left‐lateral displacement. The slip budget and complementarity between the extents of interseismic and coseismic slip suggest that a seismogenic asperity exists in Tongonan. The presence of active hydrothermal systems and rate‐strengthening materials provide physical conditions that can promote aseismic slip.
Published: 2020

28. First record of non-mineralized cephalopod jaws and arm hooks from the latest Cretaceous of Eurytania, Greece

Author: Klug, Christian, Davesne, Donald, Fuchs, Dirk, Argyriou, Thodoris, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), SNMB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Zurich, and Klug, Christian
Subjects: Desmoceratoidea, Palaeontology, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, 1911 Paleontology, lcsh:GN282-286.7, Maastrichtian, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, Cephalopoda, lcsh:Paleontology, Ammonoidea, Taphonomy, lcsh:Fossil man. Human paleontology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, lcsh:QE701-760, Coleoidea, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Due to the lower fossilization potential of chitin, non-mineralized cephalopod jaws and arm hooks are much more rarely preserved as fossils than the calcitic lower jaws of ammonites or the calcitized jaw apparatuses of nautilids. Here, we report such non-mineralized fossil jaws and arm hooks from pelagic marly limestones of continental Greece. Two of the specimens lie on the same slab and are assigned to the Ammonitina; they represent upper jaws of the aptychus type, which is corroborated by finds of aptychi. Additionally, one intermediate type and one anaptychus type are documented here. The morphology of all ammonite jaws suggest a desmoceratoid affinity. The other jaws are identified as coleoid jaws. They share the overall U-shape and proportions of the outer and inner lamellae with Jurassic lower jaws of Trachyteuthis (Teudopseina). We also document the first belemnoid arm hooks from the Tethyan Maastrichtian. The fossils described here document the presence of a typical Mesozoic cephalopod assemblage until the end of the Cretaceous in the eastern Tethys.
Published: 2020
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29. A new set of standards for in–situ measurement of bromine abundances in natural silicate glasses: Application to SR-XRF, LA-ICP-MS and SIMS techniques

Author: Anita Cadoux, Giada Iacono-Marziano, Michela Costa, Kim Berlo, Lorenzo Brusca, Antonio Paonita, G. Nelson Eby, Kalotina Geraki, Tamsin A. Mather, Etienne Deloule, David M. Pyle, Ida Di Carlo, Alessandro Aiuppa, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences [Lowell], University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], DIAMOND Light source, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), European Project: 305377,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,BRIDGE(2012), European Project: 307356,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,MAGMA DEGASSING(2013), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, University of Oxford, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)
Subjects: Accuracy and precision, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, bromine, Analytical chemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Liquidus, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Matrix (chemical analysis), Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Neutron activation analysis, LA-ICP-MS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Detection limit, Bromine, Geology, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, SR-XRF, volcanic glasses, INAA, SIMS
Abstract: International audience; Measuring the low bromine abundances in Earth’s materials remains an important challenge in order to constrain the geodynamical cycle of this element. Suitable standard materials are therefore required to establish reliable analytical methods to quantify Br abundances. In this study we characterise 21 Br-doped glasses synthesized from natural volcanic rocks of mafic to silicic compositions, in order to produce a new set of standards for Br analyses using various techniques. The nominal Br contents (amounts of Br loaded in the experimental samples) of 15 of 21 glasses were confirmed within 20% by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Using this new set of standards, we compare three micro-analytical approaches to measure Br contents in silicate glasses: synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF), laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). With SR-XRF, the Br contents of the standard glasses were determined with the highest accuracy (< 10% for Br ≥ 10 ppm; > 25% for Br ≤ 5 ppm), and high precision (< 10% for Br contents > 10 ppm; 20-30% for Br ≤ 10 ppm). The detection limit was estimated to be less than 1 ppm Br. All those factors combined with a high spatial resolution (5x5 μm for the presented measurements), means that SR-XRF is well suited to determine the low Br abundance in natural volcanic glasses (crystal-hosted melt inclusions or matrix glasses of crystallized samples). At its current stage of development, the LA-ICP-MS method allows the measurement of hundreds to thousands ppm Br in silicate glasses with a precision and accuracy generally within 20 %. The Br detection limit of this method has not been estimated but its low spatial resolution (90 μm) currently prevents its use to characterise natural volcanic glasses, however it is fully appropriate to analyse super liquidus or sparsely phyric, Br-rich experimental charges. Our study shows that SIMS appears to be a promising technique to measure the low Br contents of natural volcanic glasses. Its spatial resolution is relatively good (~ 15 μm) and, similarly to SR-XRF, the detection limit is estimated to be ≤ 1 ppm. Using our new set of standards, the Br contents of two MPI-DING reference glasses containing less than 1.2 ppm of Br were reproduced with precision < 5% and accuracy < 20%. Moreover, SIMS presents the advantage of being a more accessible instrument than SR-XRF and data processing is more straightforward.
Published: 2017

30. The long recurrence intervals of small repeating earthquakes may be due to the slow slip rates of small fault strands

Author: Olivier Lengliné, J. C. Hawthorne, J. R. Williams, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Sismologie (IPGS) (IPGS-Sismologie), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Seismic slip, Slip (materials science), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Aseismic slip, Fault slip, Scaling, Seismology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Slip rate
Abstract: Observations since 1998 have revealed that repeating earthquakes, and particularly small repeating earthquakes, occur less often than expected given their seismically derived slip and the regional fault slip rate. Here we test the hypothesis that small repeaters occur infrequently because they occur on fault segments or strands with low slip rates. We analyze the recurrence interval-moment scaling of earthquake sequences near Parkfield, California. We find that closely spaced sequences, which likely occur on the same fault strand and respond to the same slip rate, follow a M1/30 scaling consistent with seismic slip rates while widely spaced sequences, which likely occur on different strands, follow a M0.170 scaling consistent with the previous counterintuitive observations. These results suggest that spatially varying slip rates could create the M0.170 recurrence interval scaling, though we cannot exclude other explanations.
Published: 2019

31. Global mantle structure from multi-frequency tomography using P, PP and P-diffracted waves

Author: Tarje Nissen-Meyer, Maria Tsekhmistrenko, Kasra Hosseini, Heiner Igel, Afsaneh Zaheri, Karin Sigloch, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)
Subjects: Diffraction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Body waves, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geochemistry and Petrology, Seismic tomography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Tomography, Structure of the Earth, Waveform inversion, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Computational seismology
Abstract: SUMMARY In global-scale seismic tomography, teleseismic P and PP waves mainly constrain structures in the upper two thirds of the mantle, whereas core-diffracted waves (Pdiff) constrain the lower third. This study is the first to invert a very large data set of Pdiff waves, up to the highest possible frequencies. This results in tomographic resolution matching and exceeding that of global S-wave tomographies, which have long been the models of choice for interpreting lowermost mantle structure. We present three new global tomography models of 3-D isotropic P-wave velocity in the earth’s mantle. Multifrequency cross-correlation traveltimes are measured on all phases in passbands from 30 s dominant period to the highest frequencies that produce satisfactory fits (≈3 s). Model DETOX-P1 fits ≈2.5 M traveltimes from teleseismic P waves. DETOX-P2 fits the same data, plus novel measurements of ≈1.4 M traveltimes of Pdiff waves. DETOX-P3 fits the same data as DETOX-P2, plus ≈ 1.2 M PP traveltimes. Synthetics up to 1 s dominant period are computed by full wave propagation in a spherically symmetric earth using the spectral-element method AxiSEM. Traveltimes are linked to 3-D velocity perturbations (dVP/VP) by finite-frequency Fréchet kernels, parametrized on an adaptive tetrahedral grid of ≈400 000 vertices spaced by ≈80 km in the best-sampled regions. To complete spatial coverage, the waveform cross-correlation measurements are augmented by ≈5.7 million analyst-picked, teleseismic P arrival times. P, Pdiff and PP traveltimes are jointly inverted for 3-D isotropic P-velocity anomalies in the mantle and for events corrections, by least squares solution of an explicit matrix–vector equation. Inclusion of Pdiff traveltimes (in DETOX-P2, -P3) improves the spatial sampling of the lowermost mantle 100- to 1000-fold compared to teleseismic P waves (DETOX-P1). Below ≈2400 km depth, seismically slow anomalies are clustered at southern and equatorial latitudes, in a dozen or more intensely slow patches of 600–1400 km diameter. These features had long been classed into two large low shear velocity provinces (LLVP), which now appears questionable. Instead, patches of intensely slow anomalies in the lowermost mantle seem to form a nearly continuous, globe-spanning chain beneath the southern hemisphere, according to our increased resolution of LLVP-internal subdivisions and newly imaged patches beneath South America. Our tomography also supports the existence of whole-mantle plumes beneath Iceland, Ascension, Afar, Kerguelen, Canary, Azores, Easter, Galapagos, Hawaii, French Polynesia and the Marquesas. Seismically fast structure in the lowermost mantle is imaged as narrowly elongated belts under Eastern Asia and the Americas, presumably reflecting the palaeo-trench geometries of subduction zones and arcs that assembled Eastern Asia and the American Cordilleras in Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic times. Mid-mantle structure is primarily constrained by teleseismic P waves, but Pdiff data have a stabilizing effect, for example, sharpening the geometries of subducted slabs under the Americas, Eurasia and the Northern Pacific in the upper 2000 km. PP traveltimes contribute complementary constraints in the upper and mid mantle, but they also introduce low-velocity artefacts beneath the oceans, through downward smearing of lithospheric structure. Our three new global P-wave models can be accessed and interactively visualized through the SubMachine web portal (http://submachine.earth.ox.ac.uk/).
Published: 2019

32. Infrared multiple photon dissociation action spectroscopy of protonated glycine, histidine, lysine, and arginine complexed with 18-crown-6 ether

Author: Philippe Maître, P. B. Armentrout, Y.-w. Nei, M. T. Rodgers, Christopher P. McNary, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Stereochemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Infrared spectroscopy, Ether, Protonation, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Amino acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Side chain, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Infrared multiphoton dissociation, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Conformational isomerism, Histidine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Complexes of 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) with four protonated amino acids (AAs) are examined using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectroscopy utilizing light generated by the infrared free electron laser at the Centre Laser Infrarouge d'Orsay (CLIO). The AAs examined in this work include glycine (Gly) and the three basic AAs: histidine (His), lysine (Lys), and arginine (Arg). To identify the (AA)H+(18C6) conformations present in the experimental studies, the measured IRMPD spectra are compared to spectra calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. Relative energies of various conformers and isomers are provided by single point energy calculations carried out at the B3LYP, B3P86, M06, and MP2(full) levels using the 6-311+G(2p,2d) basis set. The comparisons between the IRMPD and theoretical IR spectra indicate that 18C6 binds to Gly and His via the protonated backbone amino group, whereas protonated Lys prefers binding via the protonated side-chain amino group. Results for Arg are less definitive with strong evidence for binding to the protonated guanidino side chain (the calculated ground conformer at most levels of theory), but contributions from backbone binding to a zwitterionic structure are likely.
Published: 2019

33. Santorini Volcano and its Plumbing System

Author: David M. Pyle, Tamsin A. Mather, Timothy H. Druitt, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, magma reservoir, volcanic unrest, Lower intensity, Volcanism, Unrest, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Intrusion, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Magma, Plinian eruption, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Caldera, Aegean arc, Petrology, Volcanic unrest, Geology, Santorini caldera, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Santorini Volcano is an outstanding natural laboratory for studying arc volcanism, having had twelve Plinian eruptions over the last 350,000 years, at least four of which caused caldera collapse. Periods between Plinian eruptions are characterized by intra-caldera edifice construction and lower intensity explosive activity. The Plinian eruptions are fed from magma reservoirs at 4–8 km depth that are assembled over several centuries prior to eruption by the arrival of high-flux magma pulses from deeper in the sub-caldera reservoir. Unrest in 2011–2012 involved intrusion of two magma pulses at about 4 km depth, suggesting that the behaviour of the modern-day volcano is similar to the behaviour of the volcano prior to Plinian eruptions. Emerging understanding of Santorini's plumbing system will enable better risk mitigation at this highly hazardous volcano.
Published: 2019

34. The equation of state of TaC0.99 by X-ray diffraction in radial scattering geometry to 32 GPa and 1073 K

Author: Sergio Speziale, Hauke Marquardt, A Ermakov, Julia Immoor, Hanns-Peter Liermann, Sébastien Merkel, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), Universität Bayreuth, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, projects 'GeoMaX' under the Emmy-Noether Program of the German Science Foundation [MA4534/3-1, MA4534/4-1], Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), University of Oxford [Oxford], Bayerisches GeoInstitut, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, and Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET]
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Diffraction, Equation of state, Materials science, Scattering, General Physics and Astronomy, Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Grüneisen parameter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, Isothermal process, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, X-ray crystallography, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ddc:530, 0210 nano-technology, Ambient pressure
Abstract: Journal of applied physics 126(10), 105107 (2019). doi:10.1063/1.5115350, We have performed in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments on TaC$_{0.99}$ compressed in a diamond anvil cell along 3 isothermal pathsto maximum pressure (P)-temperature (T) conditions of 38.8 GPa at 1073 K. By combining measurements performed in axial diffractiongeometry at 296 K and in radial geometry at 673 K and 1073 K, we place constraints on the pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) equation ofstate of TaC in a wide range of conditions. A fit of the Birch-Murnaghan equation to the measurements performed in axial geometry atambient temperature yields a value of the isothermal bulk modulus at ambient conditions $K_{T0} = 305\pm (1σ)$GPa and its pressure derivative $(@K_{T}=@P)_{T0} = 6.1\pm 0.5$. The fit of the Birch-Murnaghan-Debye model to our complete P-V-T dataset allows us to constrain the Grüneisenparameter at ambient pressure $γ_0 = V(@P=@E)_{V0}$ to the value of 1.2 $±$ 0.1., Published by American Inst. of Physics, Melville, NY
Published: 2019

35. Monsoon control on channel avulsions in the Late Quaternary Congo Fan

Author: Picot, M., Marsset, T., Droz, L., Dennielou, B., Baudin, F., Hermoso, M., de Rafélis, M., Sionneau, T., Cremer, M., Laurent, D., Bez, M., Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), TOTAL-Scientific and Technical Center Jean Féger (CSTJF), TOTAL FINA ELF, ISBlue - Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet (2017), ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre scientifique et Technique Jean Feger (CSTJF)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

36. The rupture extent of low frequency earthquakes near Parkfield, CA

Author: J. C. Hawthorne, Jean-Paul Ampuero, Amanda M. Thomas, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Earth Sciences [Eugene OR], University of Oregon [Eugene], Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Continental tectonics: strike-slip and transform, Transient deformation, Earthquake source observations, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Slip (materials science), EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, Low frequency, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, strike-slip and [Continental tectonics], bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Geophysics and Seismology, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Wave speed, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Travel time, Tectonics, transform, Geophysics, Rheology and friction of fault zones, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Geophysics and Seismology, Seismology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) that constitute tectonic tremor are often inferred to be slow: to have durations of 0.2-0.5 s, a factor of 10-100 longer than those of typical MW 1-2 earthquakes. Here we examine LFEs near Parkfield, CA in order to assess several proposed explanations for LFEs' long durations. We determine LFE rupture areas and location distributions using a new approach, similar to directivity analysis, where we examine how signals coming from various locations within LFEs' finite rupture extents create differences in the apparent source time functions recorded at various stations. We use synthetic ruptures to determine how much the LFE signals recorded at each station would be modified by spatial variations of the source-station traveltime within the rupture area given various possible rupture diameters, and then compare those synthetics with the data. Our synthetics show that the methodology can identify interstation variations created by heterogeneous slip distributions or complex rupture edges, and thus lets us estimate LFE rupture extents for unilateral or bilateral ruptures. To obtain robust estimates of the sources' similarity across stations, we stack signals from thousands of LFEs, using an empirical Green's function approach to isolate the LFEs' apparent source time functions from the path effects. Our analysis of LFEs in Parkfield implies that LFEs' apparent source time functions are similar across stations at frequencies up to 8-16 Hz, depending on the family. The interstation coherence observed at these relatively high frequencies, or short wavelengths (down to 0.2-0.5 km), suggest that LFEs in each of the seven families examined occur on asperities. They are clustered in patches with sub-1-km diameters. The individual LFEs' rupture diameters are estimated to be smaller than 1.1 km for all families, and smaller than 0.5 km and 1 km for the two shallowest families, which were previously found to have 0.2-s durations. Coupling the diameters with the durations suggests that it is possible to model these MW 1-2 LFEs with earthquake-like rupture speeds: around 70 per cent of the shear wave speed. However, that rupture speed matches the data only at the edge of our uncertainty estimates for the family with highest coherence. The data for that family are better matched if LFEs have rupture velocities smaller than 40 per cent of the shear wave speed, or if LFEs have different rupture dynamics. They could have long rise times, contain composite sub-ruptures, or have slip distributions that persist from event to event.
Published: 2019

37. The phylogenetic origin and evolution of acellular bone in teleost fishes: insights into osteocyte function in bone metabolism

Author: François J. Meunier, Roger B. J. Benson, Armin D. Schmitt, Matt Friedman, Donald Davesne, Olga Otero, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Laboratoire de paléontologie, évolution, paléoécosystèmes, paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cell type, osteocyte, Teleostei, endothermy, Osteocytes, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bone and Bones, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bone remodeling, 03 medical and health sciences, acellular bone, ancestral state reconstruction, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Synapomorphy, Salmoniformes, 0303 health sciences, Actinopterygii, anosteocytic bone, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Fishes, Vertebrate, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Evolutionary biology, Osteocyte, Scombridae, Bone Remodeling, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, bone remodelling, Euteleostei
Abstract: Vertebrate bone is composed of three main cell types: osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, the latter being by far the most numerous. Osteocytes are thought to play a fundamental role in bone physiology and homeostasis, however they are entirely absent in most extant species of teleosts, a group that comprises the vast majority of bony ‘fishes’, and approximately half of vertebrates. Understanding how this acellular (anosteocytic) bone appeared and was maintained in such an important vertebrate group has important implications for our understanding of the function and evolution of osteocytes. Nevertheless, although it is clear that cellular bone is ancestral for teleosts, it has not been clear in which specific subgroup the osteocytes were lost. This review aims at clarifying the phylogenetic distribution of cellular and acellular bone in teleosts, to identify its precise origin, reversals to cellularity, and their implications. We surveyed the bone type for more than 600 fossil and extant ray-finned fish species and optimised the results on recent large-scale molecular phylogenetic trees, estimating ancestral states. We find that acellular bone is a probable synapomorphy of Euteleostei, a group uniting approximately two-thirds of teleost species. We also confirm homoplasy in these traits: acellular bone occurs in some non-euteleosts (although rarely), and cellular bone was reacquired several times independently within euteleosts, in salmons and relatives, tunas and the opah (Lampris sp.). The occurrence of peculiar ecological (e.g. anadromous migration) and physiological (e.g. red-muscle endothermy) strategies in these lineages might explain the reacquisition of osteocytes. Our review supports that the main contribution of osteocytes in teleost bone is to mineral homeostasis (via osteocytic osteolysis) and not to strain detection or bone remodelling, helping to clarify their role in bone physiology.
Published: 2018
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38. Indigenous nitrogen in the Moon: Constraints from coupled nitrogen–noble gas analyses of mare basalts

Author: Evelyn Füri, Bernard Marty, Lawrence A. Taylor, Peter H. Barry, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary Geosciences Institute [Knoxville], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville]-The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: Basalt, Olivine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lunar mare, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Anorthosite, Isotopic signature, Geophysics, Lunar magma ocean, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), engineering, Mafic, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Nitrogen and noble gas (Ne–Ar) abundances and isotope ratios, determined by step-wise CO2 laser-extraction, static-mass spectrometry analysis, are reported for bulk fragments and mineral separates of ten lunar mare basalts (10020, 10057, 12008, 14053, 15555, 70255, 71557, 71576, 74255, 74275), one highland breccia (14321), and one ferroan anorthosite (15414). The mare basalt sub-samples 10057,183 and 71576,12 contain a large amount of solar noble gases, whereas neon and argon in all other samples are purely cosmogenic, as shown by their 21Ne/22Ne ratios of ≈0.85 and 36Ar/38Ar ratios of ≈0.65. The solar-gas-free basalts contain a two-component mixture of cosmogenic 15N and indigenous nitrogen (
Published: 2015

39. The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017

Author: Thomas J. Browning, Hans-Jürgen Brumsack, Katharina Pahnke, Saeed Roshan, Stephanie Owens, Rosie Chance, Peter Croot, Steven van Heuven, Alison E. Hartman, Mercedes López-Lora, Pu Zhang, Heather A. Bouman, Géraldine Sarthou, François Lacan, Robyn E. Tuerena, José Marcus Godoy, Ester Garcia-Solsona, Steven L. Goldstein, Hans A. Slagter, Celia Venchiarutti, A. Russell Flegal, Emily Townsend, Ralph Till, Christopher T. Hayes, Melanie Gault-Ringold, Ros Watson, Peter N. Sedwick, Chandranath Basak, Bronwyn Wake, Loes J. A. Gerringa, Noriko Nakayama, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Paul J. Morris, François Fripiat, Paul B. Henderson, Chris J. Daniels, Catherine Jeandel, Helen M. Snaith, Patrizia Ziveri, Toshitaka Gamo, Yanbin Lu, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, Yingzhe Wu, Andreas Wisotzki, Hajime Obata, Cynthia Dumousseaud, Ashley T. Townsend, Sebastian Mieruch, Donna Cockwell, Laurent Bopp, Elena Masferrer Dodas, Bernhard Schnetger, J. K. Klar, Sunil K. Singh, Joaquin E. Chaves, Kuo-Fang Huang, Louise A. Zimmer, Laura F. Robinson, Michiel M Rutgers van der Loeff, Corey Archer, Feifei Deng, Karen Grissom, Robert Rember, Nicholas J. Hawco, Jingfeng Wu, Robert M. Sherrell, Rachel U. Shelley, Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Fanny Chever, Yuichiro Kumamoto, Hélène Planquette, Dorothea Bauch, Frank Dehairs, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Akira Nishiuchi, Paul D. Quay, Sanjin Mehic, Zichen Xue, Maxi Castrillejo, Brian Peters, Michael J. Ellwood, Stephen R. Rintoul, Tobias Roeske, Jing Zhang, Gretchen J. Swarr, Peng Ho, Ken O. Buesseler, Gwenaelle Moncoiffe, Martin Frank, Maureen E. Auro, Abby Bull, David Kadko, Montserrat Roca-Martí, Maeve C. Lohan, Roulin Khondoker, Patricia Cámara Mor, Melissa Gilbert, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Erin E. Black, Santiago R. Gonzalez, Gideon M. Henderson, David J. Janssen, Sylvain Rigaud, Amandine Radic, Maxence Paul, Cyril Abadie, Ana Aguliar-Islas, Seth G. John, Marie Boye, Evgenia Ryabenko, Abigail E. Noble, Luke Bridgestock, Brian Duggan, Hisayuki Yoshikawa, Jun Nishioka, Kathrin Wuttig, Pieter van Beek, Jana Friedrich, Thomas M. Church, Maija Heller, Stephen J.G. Galer, Pier van der Merwe, Claire P. Till, Xin Yuan Zheng, Henning Fröllje, John Niedermiller, Howie D. Scher, Johnny Stutsman, Patricia Zunino, Christel S. Hassler, Ye Zhao, Tim M. Conway, William M. Landing, Yang Xiang, Katrin Bluhm, Maria T. Maldonado, Elena Chamizo, Sabrina Speich, Claudine H. Stirling, Guillaume Brissebrat, Matthew A. Charette, Jeremy E. Jacquot, Yu-Te Hsieh, Pinghe Cai, Ivia Closset, Yoshiki Sohrin, Ejin George, Jong-Mi Lee, Leopoldo D. Pena, Edward Mawji, Damien Cardinal, Catherine Pradoux, Martin Q. Fleisher, Virginie Sanial, Derek Vance, Craig A. Carlson, Pere Masqué, Katlin L. Bowman, Evaline M. van Weerlee, Oliver Baars, Ruifang C. Xie, María Villa-Alfageme, Hein J W de Baar, M. Alexandra Weigand, Tina van de Flierdt, J. Bown, Timothy C. Kenna, Kenneth W. Bruland, Jeroen E. Sonke, Hai Cheng, Mark J. Warner, Sven Ober, Rob Middag, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Emilie Le Roy, Yishai Weinstein, Nicholas R. Bates, Joerg Rickli, Daniel M. Sigman, Hendrik M. van Aken, Angela Milne, Cheryl M. Zurbrick, Gregory A. Cutter, Igor Semiletov, Marie Labatut, Torben Stichel, Pascale Lherminier, Gabriel Dulaquais, Jay T. Cullen, Christopher I. Measures, Mark Rosenberg, Tomoharu Minami, Mariko Hatta, Alexander L. Thomas, Gonzalo Carrasco, Karel Bakker, Clifton S. Buck, Maarten B Klunder, Willard S. Moore, Reiner Schlitzer, Tomas A. Remenyi, Susan H. Little, Eberhard Fahrbach, Charles R. McClain, Edward A. Boyle, Ursula Schauer, Linjie Zheng, Alex R. Baker, Emma Slater, Kay Thorne, Patrick Laan, Christina Schallenberg, Reiner Steinfeldt, Benjamin S. Twining, Yolanda Echegoyen-Sanz, Neil J. Wyatt, Alison M. Agather, Viena Puigcorbé, Peter Scott, Gillian Stewart, Matthew P. Humphreys, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Phoebe J. Lam, Núria Casacuberta, Josh Helgoe, Edward C.V. Butler, Mark Rehkämper, Elizabeth M. Jones, Karen L. Casciotti, James W. Moffett, Tristan J. Horner, Sue Velazquez, Yuzuru Nakaguchi, Micha J.A. Rijkenberg, Antje H L Voelker, Joseph A. Resing, Lesley Salt, Eric P. Achterberg, Sven Kretschmer, Jan van Ooijen, Dominik J. Weiss, Moritz Zieringer, Carl H. Lamborg, Rick Kayser, Pierre Branellec, John M. Rolison, Sara Rauschenberg, Walter Geibert, Raja S. Ganeshram, Myriam Lambelet, Janice L. Jones, Chad R. Hammerschmidt, William J. Jenkins, Jordi Garcia-Orellana, Alessandro Tagliabue, Philip W. Boyd, Alan M. Shiller, Marcus Christl, Mark Baskaran, Mak A. Saito, Huong Thi Dieu, Morten B. Andersen, Kenji Isshiki, Taejin Kim, Christian Schlosser, Melanie K. Behrens, Albert S. Colman, Frédéric Planchon, Bettina Sohst, Andrew R. Bowie, Mark A. Brzezinski, R. Lawrence Edwards, Kristen N. Buck, Jeanette O'Sullivan, William M. Smethie, Wafa Abouchami, Valentí Rodellas, Ed C Hathorne, Robert F. Anderson, James H. Swift, Frank J. Pavia, Daniel Cossa, Lauren Kipp, Peter L. Morton, Fabien Quéroué, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, University of California, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Toyama, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Department of Geology, Wayne State University [Detroit], The Bartlett, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institute for Environmental Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Research on Learning, Services communs OMP - UMS 831 (UMS 831), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Marine Science Institute [Santa Barbara] (MSI), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Universidad de Dakota del Sur, Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Wright State University, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Institute of Global Environmental Change [China] (IGEC), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics and Science, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU), School of Information Technology [Kharagpur], Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, The University of Tokyo, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Knowledge Media Institute (KMI), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Bermuda Biological Station for Research (BBSR), Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Department of Geosciences [Princeton], Princeton University, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Géochimie des Isotopes Stables (GIS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Queens New York], Queens College [New York], City University of New York [New York] (CUNY)-City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), SOEST, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), RITE, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Agricultural Information Institute (AII), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Department of Mathematics [Shanghai], Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), University of California (UC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Oxford, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southern California (USC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Services communs OMP (UMS 831), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC), Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment [Newark] (CEOE), University of Delaware [Newark], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Knowledge Media Institute (KMi), Kyoto University, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Academia Sinica, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) from the U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0608600, OCE-0938349, OCE-1243377, OCE-1546580], UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Ministry of Earth Science of India, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, l'Universite Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees Toulouse, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Kiel Excellence Cluster The Future Ocean, Swedish Museum of Natural History, University of Tokyo, University of British Columbia, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, GEOMAR-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Alfred Wegener Institute, Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, National Science Foundation (US), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministry of Earth Sciences (India), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (France), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), Schlitzer, Reiner [0000-0002-3740-6499], Masferrer Dodas, Elena [0000-0003-0879-1954], Chamizo, Elena [0000-0001-8266-6129], Christl, M. [0000-0002-3131-6652], Masqué, Pere [0000-0002-1789-320X], Villa-Alfageme, María [0000-0001-7157-8588], Universitat de Barcelona, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Leverhulme Trust, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Carrasco Rebaza, Gonzalo, Echegoyen Sanz, Yolanda, Kayser, Richard A, Isotope Research, Ocean Ecosystems, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Hassler, Christel, Schlitzer, Reiner, Masferrer Dodas, Elena, Chamizo, Elena, Christl, M., Masqué, Pere, and Villa-Alfageme, María
Subjects: Geochemistry & Geophysics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isòtops, sub-01, Geotraces, MODELS, Digital data, Context (language use), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, IDP2017, Isotopes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Oceans, Electronic atlas, ddc:550, 0402 Geochemistry, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, NetCDF, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Trace elements, Science & Technology, Information retrieval, ACL, Geology, computer.file_format, Ocean Data View, Metadata, Data processing, GEOTRACES, 0403 Geology, Data extraction, 13. Climate action, Data quality, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, computer, Processament de dades, Trace elements Isotopes
Abstract: The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017 (IDP2017) is the second publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2016. The IDP2017 includes data from the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern and Indian oceans, with about twice the data volume of the previous IDP2014. For the first time, the IDP2017 contains data for a large suite of biogeochemical parameters as well as aerosol and rain data characterising atmospheric trace element and isotope (TEI) sources. The TEI data in the IDP2017 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at crossover stations. The IDP2017 consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 450 TEIs as well as standard hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing an on-line atlas that includes more than 590 section plots and 130 animated 3D scenes. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. Users can download the full data packages or make their own custom selections with a new on-line data extraction service. In addition to the actual data values, the IDP2017 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering and for statistical analysis. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2017 as section plots and rotating 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes combine data from many cruises and provide quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. These 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of tracer plumes near ocean margins or along ridges. The IDP2017 is the result of a truly international effort involving 326 researchers from 25 countries. This publication provides the critical reference for unpublished data, as well as for studies that make use of a large cross-section of data from the IDP2017. This article is part of a special issue entitled: Conway GEOTRACES - edited by Tim M. Conway, Tristan Horner, Yves Plancherel, and Aridane G. González., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE-0608600), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE0938349), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE-1243377), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE-1546580)
Published: 2018

40. Magmatic evolution of the Boku Volcanic Complex, Main Ethiopian Rift

Author: Amdemichael Zafu Tadesse, Dereje Ayalew, Raphaël Pik, Gezahegn Yirgu, Karen Fontijn, School of Earth Sciences [Addis Ababa], Addis Ababa University (AAU), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: Basalt, Explosive eruption, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lava, Geochemistry, Silicic, Lava dome, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Pumice, Caldera, Scoria, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The Boku volcanic complex is a Quaternary center situated on the axial segment of the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER), located 92 km South-east from Addis Ababa. The main objective of this study is to understand the magmatic evolution of the volcanic complex and to develop a model to answer some outstanding questions related to bimodal products of rift related volcanism , using geological mapping, petrographic and geochemical approaches. The Boku complex is characterized by two main phases of activity: pre-caldera/caldera forming eruptive activity and post-caldera eruptive activity. The volcanic stratigraphy consists from bottom to top of a sequence of rhyolitic lava flows , pumice flows, welded ignimbrite, pumice fall, rhyolitic lava dome , obsidian flow, lower basaltic lava flow, ash flow, basaltic scoria and upper basaltic lava flows. The lithologic varieties together with the geochemical results indicate that the Boku eruptive products are bimodal in composition; no intermediate compositions are found. The mafic rocks are transitional to weakly subalkaline basalts while the silicic rocks are predominantly peralkaline rhyolites . These two groups of rocks are co-genetic and related to each other by fractional crystallization processes starting from mantle-derived basaltic magma with a small component of crustal contamination . The available geophysical, geochemical and field data suggest that the evolution of the evolved silicic center which hosts a bimodal rock distribution can be explained as a result of prolonged stagnation of transitional basaltic melt (sourced from the mantle) at relatively high pressures, where these evolve to intermediate compositions. The transitional basaltic melts can occasionally erupt to the surface along weakness lines such as faults that infrequently cut the lower part of the shallow reservoir, generating basalts from the intra-caldera and lateral eruptive centers. We consider the intermediate magma is mechanically trapped at mid-crustal depths because of its higher crystal load (ca. 50%). Silicic magma is formed at shallow depth by prolonged fractional crystallization of the intermediate magma and minor assimilation of crustal material. These silicic magmas generate both effusive and explosive eruption products in the overall stratigraphy of the volcanic complex.
Published: 2018

41. Clock errors in land and ocean bottom seismograms: High-accuracy estimates from multiple-component noise cross-correlations

Author: Karin Sigloch, Sarah Hable, Guilhem Barruol, Céline Hadziioannou, Simon Stähler, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Universität Hamburg (UHH), ANR-11-BS56-0013,RHUM-RUM,Imagerie mantellique du point chaud de La Réunion(2011), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Université de La Réunion (UR), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Observational error, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seismic noise, business.industry, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Clock drift, Skew, Time signal, Seismic interferometry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, Synchronization, Seismic instruments, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Assisted GPS, Time-series analysis, Global Positioning System, 14. Life underwater, business, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Many applications in seismology rely on the accurate absolute timing of seismograms. However, both seismological land stations and ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) can be affected by clock errors, which cause the absolute timing of seismograms to deviate from a highly accurate reference time signal, usually provided by GPS satellites. Timing problems can occur in land stations when synchronization with a GPS signal is temporarily or permanently lost. This can give rise to complicated, time-dependent clock drifts relative to GPS time, due to varying environmental conditions. Seismometers at the ocean bottom cannot receive GPS satellite signals, but operate in more stable ambient conditions than land stations. The standard protocol is to synchronize an OBS with a GPS signal immediately before deployment and after recovery. The measured timing deviation, called “skew”, is assumed to have accumulated linearly over the deployment interval, an assumption that is plausible but usually not verifiable. In recent years, cross-correlations of ambient microseismic noise have been put to use for correcting timing errors, but have been limited to interstation distances of at most a few tens of kilometres without reducing the temporal resolution. We apply noise cross-correlations to the evaluation of clock errors in four broadband land stations and 53 wideband and broadband OBSs, which were installed on and around the island of La Réunion in the western Indian Ocean during the RHUM-RUM (Réunion Hotspot and Upper Mantle - Réunions Unterer Mantel) experiment. We correlate all three seismic components, plus a hydrophone channel in OBS stations. Daily cross-correlation functions are derived for intermediate distances (∼20 km) for land-to-land station pairs; stable, 10-day stacks are obtained for very large interstation distances up to >300 km for land-to-OBS, and OBS-to-OBS configurations. Averaging over multiple station pairs, and up to 16 component pairs per station, improves the accuracy of the method by a factor of four compared to the single-channel approaches of prior studies. The timing accuracy of our method is estimated to be ∼20 ms standard deviation, or one sample at a sampling rate of 50 Hz. In land stations, non-linear clock drifts and clock jumps of up to six minutes are detected and successfully corrected. For 52 out of 53 OBSs, we successfully obtain drift functions over time, which validate the common assumption of linear clock drift. Skew values that were available for 29 of these OBSs are consistent with our independent estimates within their observational error bars. For 23 OBSs that lacked skew measurements, linear OBS clock drifts range between 0.2 ms/day and 8.8 ms/day. In addition to linear drift, three OBSs are affected by clock jumps of ∼1 s, probably indicating a missing sample problem that would otherwise have gone undetected. Thus we demonstrate the routine feasibility of high-accuracy clock corrections in land and ocean bottom seismometers over a wide range of interstation distances.
Published: 2018

42. Earthquake nucleation and fault slip complexity in the lower crust of central Alaska

Author: Yoshihiro Kaneko, Vipul Silwal, Jean-Paul Ampuero, S. G. Holtkamp, Chen Ji, Carl Tape, Michael West, Kyle Smith, J. C. Hawthorne, Natalia A. Ruppert, The Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks 903 Koyukuk Ave Fairbanks, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], GNS Science [Lower Hutt], GNS Science, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Geophysical Institute, Geophysical Institute [Fairbanks], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, Nucleation, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Slip (materials science), Fault (geology), Geodynamics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Foreshock, Physics::Geophysics, Tectonics, 13. Climate action, Epicenter, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Earthquakes start under conditions that are largely unknown. In laboratory analogue experiments and continuum models, earthquakes transition from slow-slipping, growing nucleation to fast-slipping rupture. In nature, earthquakes generally start abruptly, with no evidence for a nucleation process. Here we report evidence from a strike-slip fault zone in central Alaska of extended earthquake nucleation and of very-low-frequency earthquakes (VLFEs), a phenomenon previously reported only in subduction zone environments. In 2016, a VLFE transitioned into an earthquake of magnitude 3.7 and was preceded by a 12-hour-long accelerating foreshock sequence. Benefiting from 12 seismic stations deployed within 30 km of the epicentre, we identify coincident radiation of distinct high-frequency and low-frequency waves during 22 s of nucleation. The power-law temporal growth of the nucleation signal is quantitatively predicted by a model in which high-frequency waves are radiated from the vicinity of an expanding slow slip front. The observations reveal the continuity and complexity of slip processes near the bottom of the seismogenic zone of a strike-slip fault system in central Alaska.
Published: 2018

43. Yellowstone debate erupts again

Author: Karin Sigloch, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Volcanism, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Paleontology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The heat driving Yellowstone’s volcanism originates from a depth of at least 700 km, according to images of the mantle created using novel seismic methods.
Published: 2018

44. Exceptional preservation of a Cretaceous intestine provides a glimpse of the early ecological diversity of spiny-rayed fishes (Acanthomorpha, Teleostei)

Author: Davesne, D, Gueriau, P, Dutheil, D, Bertrand, L, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens (IPANEMA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANRHorizon2020 Programme of the EULeverhulme TrustWolfson College, University of Oxford, ANR-11-EQPX-0034,PATRIMEX,PATrimoines matériels : Réseau d'Instrumentation Multisites Expérimental(2011), European Project: 654028,H2020 Pilier Excellent Science,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,IPERION CH(2015), and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: Ecology, Fossils, Teleost, lcsh:R, Fishes, X-ray fluorescence, lcsh:Medicine, Paleontology, Biodiversity, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Extinction, Biological, Biological Evolution, Article, Imaging, Synchrotron, Intestines, Morocco, Fish, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Animals, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, lcsh:Science, Ecosystem, Phylogeny
Abstract: International audience; Acanthomorph teleosts (spiny-rayed fishes) account for approximately a third of extant vertebrate species. They appeared during the Late Cretaceous and have been a major component of aquatic biodiversity since the early Cenozoic. They occupy today most trophic levels and ecological niches in aquatic environments, however very little is known about those that were adopted by the earliest representatives of the group. Here, we report on an exceptional glimpse into the ecological diversity of early spiny-rayed fishes provided by the unusual preservation of a newly discovered specimen of the freshwater acanthomorph Spinocaudichthys from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco. A combination of major-to-trace elemental mapping methods reveals that the gross morphology of the specimen's intestine has been remarkably preserved owing to the rapid mineralization of iron hydroxides around it. Differing with the typically short and straight intestinal tract of carnivorous teleosts, the intestine in Spinocaudichthys is long and highly convoluted, indicating a probable herbivorous diet. Acanthomorphs would therefore have conquered various ecological niches in their early evolutionary history, prior to their subsequent phylogenetic diversification in both marine and freshwater environments that followed the K-Pg extinction event.
Published: 2018

45. Resonant interatomic Coulombic decay in HeNe: Electron angular emission distributions

Author: Marc Simon, Reinhard Dörner, A. Mhamdi, Ph. V. Demekhin, M. Weller, C. Rauch, Gregor Schiwietz, Juliane Siebert, Till Jahnke, M. Pitzer, Jonas Rist, B. Cunha de Miranda, M. Waitz, F. Wiegandt, D. Metz, Markus Schöffler, Kirill Gokhberg, C. Janke, Florian Trinter, T. Bauer, G. Kastirke, H. Sann, Maurice Tia, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of Stuttgart, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], RAFFINAGE (RAFFINAGE), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Ionen-Strahl-Labor (ISL), Hahn-Meitner Institut, and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Interatomic Coulombic decay, 010304 chemical physics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Electron, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 3. Good health
Abstract: Resonant interatomic Coulombic decay (RICD) has been studied with HeNe dimers, where two decay channels are identified by bound HeNe${}^{+}$ states and low-energetic He+Ne${}^{+}$ fragments, and the state-resolved angular emission distributions of respective RICD electrons are examined in detail.
Published: 2018

46. Crust and Mantle Structure Beneath the Azores Hotspot—Evidence from Geophysics

Author: O'Neill, C, Sigloch, K, Kueppers, U, Beier, C, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Triple junction, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Crust, Volcanism, Geophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Mantle plume, Plume, Cape verde, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hotspot (geology), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 14. Life underwater, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Azores hotspot marks the triple junction between the North American, Eurasian, and African plates, and is responsible for the ~20 Ma Azores plateau, and ongoing, off-axis volcanism today. The dynamics of the interaction between the Azores hotspot and the slow-spreading North Atlantic ridge has led to short wavelength V-shaped bathymetric and geochemical anomalies along the mid-ocean ridge, suggesting variations in the flow of mantle plume material towards the southwest. The depth extent of the Azores plume is unclear, or indeed whether it constitutes a traditional plume at all. Surface-wave models have suggested that the “plume” is confined to the upper 250–300 km of the mantle, suggesting either a shallow origin to the Azores hotspot, or that the plume is waning. In contrast, recent finite-frequency body-wave tomography has suggested that the Azores conduit may extend to the core-mantle boundary, and that the Azores, Canary, and Cape Verde hotspots may have a common origin under West Africa. Here we assess geophysical constraints on crustal and mantle structure beneath the Azores hotspot. Geochemical constraints and body-wave tomography results argue for a deep origin of the Azores hotspot. Radial anisotropy suggests significant vertical flow in the vicinity of the hotspot, and this is consistent with the geoid and gravity field. Calculations of plume conduit dynamics in simulations of the global mantle flow field suggest that the present conduit tilts towards West Africa, as observed in the body-wave tomography, and support a common origin for the Azores, Canary, and Cape Verde plumes.
Published: 2018

47. Time-dependent postseismic slip following the 1978 M 7.3 Tabas-e-Golshan, Iran earthquake revealed by over 20 years of ESA InSAR observations

Author: Richard Walker, Yu Zhou, Barry Parsons, Marion Y. Thomas, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Optical image, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Coseismic slip, Slip (materials science), Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Time-dependent postseismic slip, 01 natural sciences, Rate-and-state friction, InSAR, Geochemistry and Petrology, Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 1978 Tabas-e-Golshan earthquake, Fold (geology), Geodesy, Geophysics, Shear (geology), Space and Planetary Science, Sentinel-1, Geology
Abstract: We use over 20 yrs (1996–2017) of the European Space Agency's (ESA) radar interferometry (InSAR) observations to investigate the postseismic deformation of the Tabas fold segment following the 1978 M w 7.3 Tabas-e-Golshan earthquake in eastern Iran. We generated maps of satellite line-of-sight (LOS) velocity using two ERS descending tracks (1996–1999), one Envisat descending track (2003–2010), one Sentinel-1A descending track (2014–2017) and one Sentinel-1A ascending track (2014–2017). The LOS velocity shows afterslip continuing for at least 40 yrs after the earthquake. Elastic dislocation modelling based on the InSAR measurements reveals a decrease in postseismic velocities from 5.0 ± 0.8 mm/yr in 1996–1999 to 3.9 ± 0.6 mm/yr in 2003–2005, 3.0 ± 0.4 mm/yr in 2006–2010, and a present rate of 2.3 ± 0.6 mm/yr in 2014–2017. The rates decay with time, t, as 1 / t , consistent with the predictions of a simple block-slider model. We then combine the InSAR rates and our previous estimates of the total earthquake slip derived from optical image matching and DEM differencing to explore the frictional behaviour of the Tabas fold. We obtained a rate-and-state parameter a − b ≈ 0.003 , indicating rate-strengthening frictional behaviour of the Tabas fault. We also inferred a minimum coseismic slip of 4.7 m, which might have driven bedding-plane shear at shallow depth, resulting in distributed fold growth and secondary faulting observed in the field. The results imply that both coseismic slip and afterslip have occurred in the same location. One possible mechanism to explain such a phenomenon is that the frictional parameter a − b is small enough to allow dynamic ruptures to propagate into rate-strengthening regions.
Published: 2018

48. SKS splitting in the Western Indian Ocean from land and seafloor seismometers: Plume, plate and ridge signatures

Author: Eléonore Stutzmann, Guilhem Barruol, Laurent Michon, Jean-Paul Montagner, Alessandro Mazzullo, Karin Sigloch, Fabrice R. Fontaine, John-Robert Scholz, Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: Seismic anisotropy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], upper mantle seismic anisotropy, Central Indian Ridge, Southwest Indian Ridge, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Geochemistry and Petrology, Asthenosphere, Lithosphere, plume–ridge connection, Hotspot (geology), Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Seafloor spreading, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Ridge, Upwelling, SKS splitting, Seismology, Geology, La Réunion hotspot
Abstract: International audience; We present SKS splitting measurements in the Western Indian Ocean, recorded on 20 land and 57 seafloor seismometers deployed by the RHUM-RUM experiment (Réunion Hotspot and Upper Mantle – Réunions Unterer Mantel). We discuss our splitting observations within their geodynamic settings and compare them to SKS splitting parameters predicted from an azimuthally anisotropic Rayleigh wave tomography model that includes the RHUM-RUM data. We find that anisotropic directions poorly correlate with the present-day motion of the Somali plate, which at
Published: 2018

49. Impact of video on the understanding and satisfaction of patients receiving informed consent before elective inpatient coronary angiography: A randomized trial

Author: Infocoro investigators, Benjamin Alos, Justine Pollet, Fiona Ecarnot, Thomas Levasseur, Anis Sfaxi, Nicolas Danchin, Mariama Akodad, Noelie Miton, Yves Juillière, Nicolas Barber-Chamoux, Claire Bouleti, Clement Servoz, Nathan Mewton, Pascal Motreff, Olivier Lairez, Damien Metz, Benoit Lattuca, Loic Belle, François Derimay, Thomas Mathivet, Philippe-Gabriel Steg, Aurélien Mulliez, Olivier Hachet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut Pascal - Clermont Auvergne (IP), Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pascal (IP), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Oxford, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Coronary angiography, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Younger age, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Video Recording, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Anxiety, Coronary Angiography, outcomes, law.invention, information, surgery, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Informed consent, law, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, intervention, Informed Consent, communication, of-life, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Patient Satisfaction, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, comprehension, decision-support tool, medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, artery-disease, Access to Information, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient Education as Topic, Humans, cancer, Aged, Inpatients, business.industry, Comprehension, Multicenter study, Physical therapy, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Educational Measurement, business
Abstract: International audience; Background: Appropriate information about the benefits and risks of invasive procedures is crucial, but limited data is available in this field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incremental value of a short video about coronary angiography compared with standard information, in terms of patient understanding, satisfaction and anxiety. Methods: This prospective multicenter study included patients admitted for scheduled coronary angiography, who were randomized to receive either standard information or video information by watching a three-dimensional educational video. After information was delivered, patients were asked to complete a dedicated 16-point information questionnaire, as well as satisfaction and anxiety scales. Results: From 21 September to 4 October 2015, 821 consecutive patients were randomized to receive either standard information (n = 415) or standard information with an added educational video (n = 406). The information score was higher in the video information group than in the standard group (11.8 +/- 2.8 vs 9.5 +/- 3.1; P \textless .001). This result was consistent across age and education level subgroups. Self-reported satisfaction was also higher in the video information group (8.4 +/- 1.9 vs. 7.7 +/- 2.3; P \textless .001), while anxiety level did not differ between groups. The variables associated with a higher information score were the use of the educational video, younger age, higher level of education, previous follow-up by a cardiologist, prior information about coronary angiography and previous coronary angiography. Conclusions: In comparison with standard information, viewing a dedicated educational video improved patients' understanding and satisfaction before scheduled coronary angiography. These results are in favor of widespread use of this incremental information tool. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2018

50. SubMachine: Web-Based Tools for Exploring Seismic Tomography and Other Models of Earth's Deep Interior

Author: Kara J. Matthews, Maria Tsekhmistrenko, Mathew Domeier, Grace E. Shephard, Kasra Hosseini, Karin Sigloch, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], and The University of Sydney
Subjects: Engineering drawing, Informatics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, seismic tomography, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Earth's Interior: Composition and State, geological and geophysical data sets, 01 natural sciences, Data Presentation and Visualization, Software, data visualization, Data Analysis: Algorithms and Implementation, Tomography, Seismology, Research Articles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Complement (set theory), Earth's Interior: Dynamics, Marine Geology and Geophysics, Plate Tectonics, Geophysics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plate Motions: Past, subduction, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Geology, Research Article, Plate Motions: General, Visualization and Portrayal, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Plate Motions: Present and Recent, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Radio Science, Physics::Geophysics, Data visualization, Geochemistry and Petrology, Geoid, Plate Boundary: General, Web application, 14. Life underwater, Geodesy and Gravity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Interactive visualization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Structure (mathematical logic), business.industry, Tomography and Imaging, deep Earth, Tectonophysics, Seismic tomography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Computational Geophysics, Mantle, business
Abstract: We present SubMachine, a collection of web‐based tools for the interactive visualization, analysis, and quantitative comparison of global‐scale data sets of the Earth's interior. SubMachine focuses on making regional and global‐scale seismic tomography models easily accessible to the wider solid Earth community, in order to facilitate collaborative exploration. We have written software tools to visualize and explore over 30 tomography models—individually, side‐by‐side, or through statistical and averaging tools. SubMachine also serves various nontomographic data sets that are pertinent to the interpretation of mantle structure and complement the tomographies. These include plate reconstruction models, normal mode observations, global crustal structure, shear wave splitting, as well as geoid, marine gravity, vertical gravity gradients, and global topography in adjustable degrees of spherical harmonic resolution. By providing repository infrastructure, SubMachine encourages and supports community contributions via submission of data sets or feedback on the implemented toolkits., Key Points Web‐based tools for the interactive visualization, analysis, and quantitative comparison of global‐scale, volumetric (3‐D) data sets of the subsurfaceFocus on global seismic tomography models from body waves, surface waves, and normal modes (>30 models currently implemented)Additional tools for interacting with related data sets: plate tectonic reconstructions, topography, geoid, marine gravity, normal mode observations, etc
Published: 2018

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