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1. The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-δ18O and δ2H records to aid understanding of Common Era climate

Author

Konecky, Bronwen, Mckay, Nicholas, Churakova (sidorova), Olga, Comas-Bru, Laia, Dassié, Émilie, Delong, Kristine L., Falster, Georgina, Fischer, Matt, Jones, Matthew, Jonkers, Lukas, Kaufman, Darrell S., Leduc, Guillaume, Managave, Shreyas, Martrat, Belen, Opel, Thomas, Orsi, Anais, Partin, Judson, Sayani, Hussein, Thomas, Elizabeth R., Thompson, Diane, Tyler, Jonathan J., Abram, Nerilie J., Atwood, Alyssa, Cartapanis, Olivier, Conroy, Jessica, Curran, Mark, Dee, Sylvia, Deininger, Michael, Divine, Dmitry V., Kern, Zoltán, Porter, Trevor J., Stevenson, Samantha, von Gunten, Lucien, Braun, Kerstin, Carré, Matthieu, Incarbona, Alessandro, Kaushal, Nikita, Klaebe, Robert M., Kolus, Hannah R., Mortyn, Peter Graham, Moy, Andrew D., Roop, Heidi A., Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Yoshimura, Kei, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), University of Reading (UOR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LSU - Department of Geography and Anthropology [Baton Rouge], Louisiana State University (LSU), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Earth and Climate Science Department [IISER Pune], Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), Department of Environmental Chemistry [Barcelona], Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo), State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Geosciences [Tucson], University of Arizona, Department of Earth Sciences [Adelaide], University of Adelaide, Research School of Earth Sciences and Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Rice University [Houston], Institute of Geosciences [Mainz], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Department of Geography and Planning [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Faculty of the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, Past Global Changes International Project Office (PAGES), Past Global Changes International Project Office, Institute of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Earth and Marine Sciences [Palermo], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], The University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sustainability, Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University of Washington [Seattle], Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Swiss Academy of SciencesNational Science Foundation (NSF)Chinese Academy of SciencesNSF-AGS1805141NSF-AGS PRF1433408PalMod, the German paleoclimate modeling initiativeFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences [University of Arizona], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and University of Oxford

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Reconstructions of global hydroclimate during the Common Era (CE; the past ∼2000 years) are important for providing context for current and future global environmental change. Stable isotope ratios in water are quantitative indicators of hydroclimate on regional to global scales, and these signals are encoded in a wide range of natural geologic archives. Here we present the Iso2k database, a global compilation of previously published datasets from a variety of natural archives that record the stable oxygen (δ18O) or hydrogen (δ2H) isotopic compositions of environmental waters, which reflect hydroclimate changes over the CE. The Iso2k database contains 759 isotope records from the terrestrial and marine realms, including glacier and ground ice (210); speleothems (68); corals, sclerosponges, and mollusks (143); wood (81); lake sediments and other terrestrial sediments (e.g., loess) (158); and marine sediments (99). Individual datasets have temporal resolutions ranging from sub-annual to centennial and include chronological data where available. A fundamental feature of the database is its comprehensive metadata, which will assist both experts and nonexperts in the interpretation of each record and in data synthesis. Key metadata fields have standardized vocabularies to facilitate comparisons across diverse archives and with climate-model-simulated fields. This is the first global-scale collection of water isotope proxy records from multiple types of geological and biological archives. It is suitable for evaluating hydroclimate processes through time and space using large-scale synthesis, model–data intercomparison and (paleo)data assimilation. The Iso2k database is available for download at https://doi.org/10.25921/57j8-vs18 (Konecky and McKay, 2020) and is also accessible via the NOAA/WDS Paleo Data landing page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/29593 (last access: 30 July 2020).

Published
2020
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2. Exposure to heavy metal-contaminated sediments disrupts gene expression, lipid profile, and life history traits in the midge Chironomus riparius

Author

Lola Llorente, Hélène Arambourou, Carlos Barata, Oscar Herrero, Inmaculada Fuertes, Iñigo Moreno-Ocio, Rosario Planelló, Nicolas Delorme, Leire Méndez-Fernández, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Department of Zoology and Animal Cellular Biolog, University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Department of Environmental Chemistry [Barcelona], Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, National Distance Education University (UNED) : 2018I/PPRO/008, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) :CGL 2013-44655-RCTM 2017-83242-R, Community of Madrid Government, European Social Fund (ESF) :PEJ-2017-AI/BIO-6834, University of Basque Country, project 'Ecosystem Services Assessment of the Basque Country', Department of Environment and Regional Planning of the Basque Government :CONV18/01, Department of Sustainability and Environment of Biscay Provincial Council :CONV15/08, Barata Martí, Carlos, Fuertes, Inmaculada, Barata Martí, Carlos [0000-0002-3360-0729], and Fuertes, Inmaculada [0000-0001-8415-7993]

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, Endocrine disruption, 0208 environmental biotechnology, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, Chironomidae, Metals, Heavy, Integrative approach, Animals, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Waste Management and Disposal, Life History Traits, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Chironomus riparius, Larva, ved/biology, Ecological Modeling, Lipidomic, Shape markers, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Lipids, 3. Good health, 020801 environmental engineering, Environmental chemistry, Larval development, Toxicity, Midge, Transcriptional alterations, Respiration rate, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Despite the concern about anthropogenic heavy metal accumulation, there remain few multi-level ecotoxicological studies to evaluate their effects in fluvial ecosystems. The toxicity of field-collected sediments exhibiting a gradient of heavy metal contamination (Cd, Pb, and Zn) was assessed in Chironomus riparius. For this purpose, larvae were exposed throughout their entire life cycle to these sediments, and toxic effects were measured at different levels of biological organization, from the molecular (lipidomic analysis and transcriptional profile) to the whole organism response (respiration rate, shape markers, and emergence rate). Alterations in the activity of relevant genes, as well as an increase of storage lipids and decrease in membrane fluidity, were detected in larvae exposed to the most contaminated sediments. Moreover, reduced larval and adult mass, decrease of larval respiration rate, and delayed emergence were observed, along with increased mentum and mandible size in larvae and decreased wing loading in adults. This study points out the deleterious effects of heavy metal exposure at various levels of biological organization and provides some clues regarding the mode of toxic action. This integrative approach provides new insights into the multi-level effects on aquatic insects exposed to heavy metal mixtures in field sediments, providing useful tools for ecological risk assessment in freshwater ecosystems. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd, The professional editing service NB Revisions was used for technical preparation of the text prior to submission.

Published
2020
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3. Exposition de Chironomus riparius à des sédiments de terrain contaminés : des effets sub-cellulaires à la réponse de l'organisme

Author

Hélène Arambourou, Carlos Barata, Patrice Noury, Aurélie Villeneuve, Inmaculada Fuertes, Oscar Herrero, Lola Llorente, Nicolas Delorme, Rosario Planelló, Chloé Bonnineau, RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACION A DISTANCIA MADRID ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY BARCELONA ESP, ANDRA, Fuertes, Inmaculada, Barata Martí, Carlos, Fuertes, Inmaculada [0000-0001-8415-7993], and Barata Martí, Carlos [0000-0002-3360-0729]

Subjects
GENE EXPRESSION, Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, SHAPE MARKERS, 01 natural sciences, Chironomidae, Biotransformation, Rivers, Metals, Heavy, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, LARVAL DEVELOPMENT, Pesticides, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chironomus riparius, Pollutant, ved/biology, Aquatic ecosystem, Lipidomic, Shape markers, Sediment, Pesticide, SEDIMENT BIOASSAY, Pollution, 13. Climate action, Larval development, Environmental chemistry, Toxicity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Gene expression, France, Respiration rate, LIPIDOMIC, Sediment bioassay, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The toxicity of three field-collected sediments differentially contaminated with pesticides, heavy metals, phtalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was assessed in Chironomus riparius. For this purpose, C. riparius larvae were exposed throughout their entire life cycle to sediments collected in three sites along the Saulx river in France, and the toxic effects were measured at different levels of biological organization: from the molecular (lipidomic analysis and transcriptional variations) to the whole organism response (respiration rate, shape markers and emergence rate). In the sediment characterized by an intermediate level of contamination with PAHs and phtalates, we detected an increase of the cell stress response and delayed emergence of males. In the group exposed to the most contaminated sediment with PAHs, phtalates and pesticides, genes related to endocrine pathways, cell stress response and biotransformation processes were overexpressed, while female wing shape was affected. Field-collected sediment exposure did not induce significant effects on mentum shape markers or on the lipid profile. The present study provides new insights into the multilevel effects of differentially contaminated sediments in insects. This integrative approach will certainly contribute to improved assessment of the risk that complex mixtures of pollutants pose to the aquatic ecosystem. © 2019 Elsevier B.V., The authors acknowledge Bernard Motte for his help and expertise in sediment sampling. Lipidomic analysis was supported by the Spanish Government project CTM2017-83242-R.

Published
2018
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4. Développement d'une méthode de quantification SRM multiplexée de biomarqueurs protéiques chez Gammarus fossarum

Author

Barata, C., Campos, B., Rivetti, C., Le Blanc, G.A., Eytcheson, S., Tobor Kaplon, M., De Vries Buitenweg, S., Choi, J., Sarapultseva, E.I., Coutellec, Marie-Agnès, Pandard, P., Chaumot, Arnaud, Martinez Jeronimo, F.F., Haruna, W., Norihisa, T., Lopez, Isabel, Pestana, J., De schamphelaere, K., Pereira, C.M., DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY BARCELONA ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH USA, DEPARTMENT OF DISCOVERY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES NDL, SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF SEOUL KOR, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY RUS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), DIRECTION DES RISQUES CHRONIQUES VERNEUUIL EN HALATTE FRA, Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL MEX, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), CESAM DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO PRT, and GHENT UNIVERSITY

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Most eco-toxicological test guidelines only evaluate the effects observed within one generation, thus disregarding those potential detrimental effects that may appear across generations. The toxicological potential of contaminants may either decrease or increase across generations, or even remain unchanged. Reproductive toxicity in mammals monitors the effects on the parental generation as well as on their offspring. In fact, there are already standardized test procedures aimed to assess multigenerational effects for mammals and fish, but there are no equivalent tests for invertebrates, despite that their short life-cycles offer to cost-effectively monitor multigenerational effects of toxic substances in individuals and populations. Here we described the activities that are currently been conducted on behave of the SETAC EVOGENERATE Working Group to set up protocol for a two generation Daphnia magna reproduction test and to test the performance of that protocol across up to 20 different labs from Europe, America and Asia. Indeed this is one of the largest conducted intercalibration tests ever conducted using the OECD 2011 guideline. We aimed to develop a two generation test with only few amendments of the already existing guidelines. The few modifications included to start the second generation with third brood neonates collected from reproducing females from the first generation. We selected pyperonil butoxide as a test chemical based on previous studies that showed that this compound was the best candidate among other two compounds. To minimize interlab variability all laboratories used the same stock solutions, which were prepared by one of the partners and send it the rest of partners. The results obtained in this intercalibration test will be discussed in this poster.

Published
2016

5. Origin and implications of orbital-induced sedimentary cyclicity in Pliocene well-logs of the Western Mediterranean

Author

Ochoa, Diana, Sierro, Francisco J., Hilgen, Frits J., Cortina, Aleix, Lofi, Johanna, Kouwenhoven, Tanja, Flores, José Abel, Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, University of Salamanca, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Department of Environmental Chemistry, Barcelona, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stratigraphy and paleontology, and Stratigraphy & paleontology

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, precipitation (climatology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pliocene, Sorbas Basin, Cyclostratigraphy, Carbonate cycle, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, carbonate, Mediterranean sea, Cyclicity, monsoon, Atlantic Ocean, seasonal variation, Almeria [Andalucia], Mediterranean Sea (West), Well log data, Geology, Sapropel, Sedimentology, Carbonate cycles, climate forcing, Sapropel formation, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.11 [https], Carbonation, Neogene, sedimentation, Atlantic Ocean (North), Well-log data, Western Mediterranean sedimentary cyclicity, Monsoon, Atmospheric thermodynamics, sapropel, Quaternary, well logging, Geochemistry and Petrology, precession, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.06 [https], Mediterranean Sea, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.04 [https], [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, Mediterranean climates, Andalucia, 13. Climate action, Spain, Pliocene cyclostratigraphy
Abstract

International audience; The climatic origin of astronomically induced sedimentary cycles in the Mediterranean and adjacent areas during the late Neogene and Quaternary remains puzzling; as cycles have been linked to concomitant but seasonally opposite changes in African summer monsoon precipitation (Eastern Mediterranean sapropels) and Atlantic regulated winter-precipitation (carbonate cycles on the Atlantic side of the Mediterranean). Particularly, little is known about the cyclic sedimentation on orbital time scales in the Western Mediterranean, with the prime exception of the Messinian sapropels from the Sorbas basin (southern Spain).Here we show that regular alternations in Pliocene downhole logs from the industrial drill-site Muchamiel-1, located along the Balearic Promontory in the Western Mediterranean, are related to eccentricity (bundles) and to obliquity and precession cycles (basic meter-scale alternations). We establish an astronomically based age model for the interval between 5.33 and 2.8 Ma, by first correlating cycle bundles to eccentricity and then the basic dominantly precession-related cycles to the 65°N summer insolation of La2004. The striking bed-to-bed similarities between the Muchamiel-1 well-logs and other records from both the Atlantic margin and the Central Mediterranean suggest that the same climatic forcing was responsible for the formation of carbonate cycles across the Western Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic. We conclude that formation of alternating carbonate-rich/carbonate-poor beds was controlled by Western Mediterranean cyclogenetic mechanisms as well as by peri-Mediterranean precipitation associated with changes in the North Atlantic System (NAS). These findings highlight the importance of peri-Mediterranean precipitation on the sedimentary cyclicity by dictating terrigenous (clay) supply and potentially on the hydrology of the basin by providing additional freshwater required for sapropel formation. Consequently, cyclic sedimentation in the Mediterranean results from the combined effect of precipitation changes driven by (i) the North African monsoon, (ii) the Atlantic system, and (iii) intrabasinal Mediterranean atmospheric dynamics.

Published
2018
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6. Langmuirian parameters for Tenax GC adsorption of airborne hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds

Author

Pau Comes, Joan O. Grimalt, Norbert Gonzalez-Flesca, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Department of Environmental Chemistry [Barcelona], Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)

Subjects
Langmuir, Tenax, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Adsorption, AIR ANALYSIS, KETONES, Volatile organic compound, Crotonaldehyde, ALDEHYDES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Langmuir adsorption model, General Medicine, ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS, 0104 chemical sciences, Dilution, Hydrocarbon, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, symbols, BREAKTHROUGH VOLUMES, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), HYDROCARBONS, VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Abstract

International audience; A study of the sampling conditions of diverse volatile aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, eaters (acetates), aldehydes (crotonaldehyde) and alcohols (n-butanol) adsorbed on Tenax GC showed that the chromatographic behavior of these compounds can be modeled with a Langmuir isotherm. The equations derived from this model allow a description of the dependence between breakthrough volumes and atmospheric phase concentration of the adsorbates. They also indicate the breakthrough volumes at infinite dilution and the concentration thresholds requiring the application of Langmuir isotherms to avoid important quantitative sampling errors

Published
1998
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7. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 overexpression in breast cancer cells resistant to methotrexate

Author

Cinta Porte, Véronique Noé, Carlos J. Ciudad, Elisabet Selga, Rémi Thibaut, M. Cristina de Almagro, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC)-University of Barcelona, Department of Environmental Chemistry [Barcelona], Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Barcelona-Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, breast cancer, Internal medicine, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Glucuronosyltransferase, Cytotoxicity, Transcription factor, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, drug resistance, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Cancer, Transfection, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Tamoxifen, Endocrinology, Methotrexate, Cell culture, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Female, Breast disease, microarray, medicine.drug, UGT1A6, Transcription Factors
Abstract

International audience; Methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic agent used in breast cancer treatment, but the occurrence of resistance limits its therapeutic use. A microarrays analysis between sensitive and methotrexate resistant MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells pointed out the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) family as a common deregulated node in both cell lines. This family of genes is involved in Phase II metabolism. UGT1A6 was the main isoform responsible for UGT1A family overexpression in these cells. Its overexpression was not due to gene amplification. Transfection of a vector encoding for UGT1A6 in sensitive cells counteracted the cytotoxicity caused by methotrexate. Methotrexate increased the transcriptional activity from a luciferase reporter driven by the UGT1A6 promoter and induced UGT1A6 mRNA and enzymatic activity. Promoter analysis suggested that UGT1A6 induction by methotrexate could be driven by the transcription factors ARNT (HIF-1) and AhR/ARNT. Cells incubated with anticancer drugs susceptible to glucuronidation, such as tamoxifen or irinotecan, together with methotrexate, showed a lesser degree of cytotoxicity, due to UGT1A6 induction. The pharmacological effect of this induction should be taken into account when combining methotrexate with other drugs that are glucuronidated.

Published
2010
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8. Triclosan persistence through wastewater treatment plants and its potential toxic effects on river biofilms

Author

Chloé Bonnineau, Josep Ferrer, Mireia Alberch, F. Ricciardi, Damià Barceló, Sergi Sabater, David Sureda, Soizic Morin, Helena Guasch, Marta Ricart, Lorenzo Proia, Lluís Sala, Anna M. Romaní, Marinella Farré, Anita Geiszinger, Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC ECOLOGY GIRONA ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), EMPRESA MIXTA D'AIGUES DE LA COSTA BRAVA GIRONA ESP, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY BARCELONA ESP, Réseaux épuration et qualité des eaux (UR REBX), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), and CONSORCI DE LA COSTA BRAVA GIRONA ESP

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Biofilm communities, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, TRICLOSAN, 01 natural sciences, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Rivers, Aquatic plant, Wastewater treatment plants, Ecotoxicology, Microfiltration, Water pollution, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, Experimental channels, Reverse osmosis, Aquatic ecosystem, Biofilm, Triclosan toxicity, 6. Clean water, 3. Good health, Triclosan, Wastewater, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Biofilms, Toxicity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Triclosan is a commonly used bactericide that survives several degradation steps in WWTP (wastewater treatment plants) and potentially reaches fluvial ecosystems. In Mediterranean areas, where water scarcity results in low dilution capacity, the potential environmental risk of triclosan is high. A set of experimental channels was used to examine the short-term effects of triclosan (from 0.05 to 500 μg L−1) on biofilm algae and bacteria. Environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan caused an increase of bacterial mortality with a no effect concentration (NEC) of 0.21 μg L−1. Dead bacteria accounted for up to 85% of the total bacterial population at the highest concentration tested. The toxicity of triclosan was higher for bacteria than algae. Photosynthetic efficiency was inhibited with increasing triclosan concentrations (NEC = 0.42 μg L−1), and non-photochemical quenching mechanisms decreased. Diatom cell viability was also affected with increasing concentrations of triclosan. Algal toxicity may be a result of indirect effects on the biofilm toxicity, but the clear and progressive reduction observed in all the algal-related endpoints suggest the existence of direct effects of the bactericide. The toxicity detected on the co-occurring non-target components of the biofilm community, the capacity of triclosan to survive through WWTP processes and the low dilution capacity that characterizes Mediterranean systems extend the relevance of triclosan toxicity beyond bacteria in aquatic habitats., This study was supported by the European Commission project Modelkey (Project 511237-2 GOCE). Additional funds were provided by the European Project Keybioeffects (MRTN-CT-2006-035695), the Spanish projects Fluvialfitomarc (GCL 2006-12785/HID), VIECO (009/RN08/011), SCARCE (Consolider-Ingenio 2010, CSD2009-00065) and Fluvialmultiestres (CTM2009-14111-CO2-01), as well as by Consorci de la Costa Brava and Empresa Mixta d’Aigües de la Costa Brava, S.A.

Published
2010
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9. Langmuirian parameters for Tenax GC adsorption or airborne organohalogen compounds

Author

Pau Comes, Norbert Gonzalez-Flesca, Joan O. Grimalt, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Department of Environmental Chemistry [Barcelona], Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Civs, Gestionnaire

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Langmuir, Tenax, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, symbols.namesake, Adsorption, AIR ANALYSIS, Volatile organic compound, Sample preparation, Alkyl, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SAMPLE HANDLING, Langmuir adsorption model, General Medicine, ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS, ORGANOHALOGEN COMPOUNDS, ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS, 0104 chemical sciences, Dilution, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, symbols, BREAKTHROUGH VOLUMES, VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Abstract

International audience; A study of the sampling conditions of diverse trihalomethanes, alkyl, alkenyl and aromatic chlorinated and brominated compounds and one chloroalcohol adsorbed on Tenax GC showed that the chromatographic behavior of these volatile organohalogen compounds can be modeled with a Langmuir isotherm. The equations derived from this model allow a description of the dependence between breakthrough volumes and atmospheric phase concentration of the adsorbates. They also indicate the breakthrough volumes at infinite dilution and the concentration thresholds requiring the application of Langmuir isotherms to avoid important quantitative sampling errors

Published
1997
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10. Refrigerated multibed adsorption in sampling and analysis of atmospheric light hydrocarbons at ppb (v/v) and sub-ppb (v/v) concentrations

Author

Norbert Gonzalez-Flesca, Angels Castellnou, Joan O. Grimalt, Department of Environmental Chemistry [Barcelona], Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)

Subjects
Analytical chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Light hydrocarbons, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Propane, AIR ANALYSIS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chromatography, Traffic pollution, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SAMPLE HANDLING, Sampling (statistics), General Medicine, Toluene, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, HYDROCARBONS, VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Abstract

International audience; Higher ppb (v/v) and sub-ppb (v/v) concentrations of airborne C-2-C-8 light hydrocarbons are obtained when analyzed by refrigerated (-10 degrees C) vs. ambient temperature cartridges filled with a combination of carbonaceous packings. The quantitative differences essentially concern some of the lower molecular weight compounds present in higher concentrations, e.g., ethane and propane, as well as toluene. These results have been evidenced from a field comparison involving parallel samplings with both refrigerated and ambient temperature systems and canister collection for reference. The site selected for study is a semi-urban area receiving low traffic pollution inputs. The concentrations provided by these refrigerated tubes are close to those obtained with the canister which is the sampling method giving the highest concentration values in a larger number of compounds

Published
1997
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11. On-site monitoring of VOC in semi-urban areas in France On-site comparison of canister and solid-sorbent trap collection of highly volatile hydrocarbons in ambient atmospehres

Author

Castellnou, Angels, Gonzalez-Flesca, Norbert, Grimalt, Joan O., Department of Environmental Chemistry [Barcelona], Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Civs, Gestionnaire

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; A field experiment for the comparison of the efficiency of canisters and adsorption multibed tubes for sampling atmospheric highly volatile hydrocarbons at ppbv levels is described. The canister was passivated by the Summa process and the adsorption tubes were filled with Carbotrap C, Carbotrap B and Carbosieve S-III. The sampling with the adsorption tubes was performed at ambient temperature and at -10°C. The highest concentrations were generally obtained with canisters but these results are very similar to those obtained with refrigerated multibed adsorption tubes. Both methods appear to be equivalent for most of the highly volatile hydrocarbons encountered in moderately polluted urban areas. In contrast, sampling with ambient temperature tubes provides lower concentrations. This study has also shown that K2CO3 drying efficiently removes humidity from air samples allowing the obtention of reliable concentration data on highly volatile hydrocarbons at ppbv levels. These drying tubes can easily be re-conditioned and tested for blanks and memory effects, which greatly facilitates the control of external contamination and sample cross-contamination

Published
1996
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12. Langmuirian behaviour of smelly volatile organic compounds on air sampling with solid adsorbents

Author

Françoise Bader, Norbert Gonzalez-Flesca, Joan O. Grimalt, Pau Comes, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Elf Antar France, Department of Environmental Chemistry [Barcelona], Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)

Subjects
SMELLY, Langmuir, Ethanethiol, Trimethylamine, Methanethiol, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Adsorption, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chromatography, Methylamine, VOC, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Langmuir adsorption model, General Medicine, LANGMUIRIAN, ADSORBENTS, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, Dilution, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, symbols
Abstract

International audience; A study of the sampling conditions of methylamine, trimethylamine, methanethiol, acetaldehyde, ethanethiol, dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl disulphide adsorbed on Carboxen-569 and HayeSep Q showed that the chromatographic behaviour of these volatile organic compounds (VOC) in these packings can be modelled with a Langmuir isotherm. The equations derived from this model allow the relationship between breakthrough volumes and atmospheric phase concentration of the adsorbates to be described. They also predict, for each adsorbent-adsorbate system, the breakthrough volumes at infinite dilution and the VOC concentration thresholds requiring the application of Langmuir isotherms to avoid important quantitative errors

Published
1996
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13. Chlorination of Source Water Containing Iodinated X-ray Contrast Media: Mutagenicity and Identification of New Iodinated Disinfection Byproducts.

Author

Postigo C, DeMarini DM, Armstrong MD, Liberatore HK, Lamann K, Kimura SY, Cuthbertson AA, Warren SH, Richardson SD, McDonald T, Sey YM, Ackerson NOB, Duirk SE, and Simmons JE

Subjects
Animals, Contrast Media, Disinfection, Halogenation, Mutagens, X-Rays, Disinfectants, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Purification
Abstract

Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are nonmutagenic agents administered for X-ray imaging of soft tissues. ICM can reach μg/L levels in surface waters because they are administered in high doses, excreted largely unmetabolized, and poorly removed by wastewater treatment. Iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) are highly genotoxic and have been reported in disinfected waters containing ICM. We assessed the mutagenicity in Salmonella of extracts of chlorinated source water containing one of four ICM (iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol, and diatrizoate). We quantified 21 regulated and nonregulated DBPs and 11 target I-DBPs and conducted a nontarget, comprehensive broad-screen identification of I-DBPs. We detected one new iodomethane (trichloroiodomethane), three new iodoacids (dichloroiodoacetic acid, chlorodiiodoacetic acid, bromochloroiodoacetic acid), and two new nitrogenous I-DBPs (iodoacetonitrile and chloroiodoacetonitrile). Their formation depended on the presence of iopamidol as the iodine source; identities were confirmed with authentic standards when available. This is the first identification in simulated drinking water of chloroiodoacetonitrile and iodoacetonitrile, the latter of which is highly cytotoxic and genotoxic in mammalian cells. Iopamidol (5 μM) altered the concentrations and relative distribution of several DBP classes, increasing total haloacetonitriles by >10-fold. Chlorination of ICM-containing source water increased I-DBP concentrations but not mutagenicity, indicating that such I-DBPs were either not mutagenic or at concentrations too low to affect mutagenicity.

Published
2018
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14. Chemometric analysis of comprehensive LC×LC-MS data: Resolution of triacylglycerol structural isomers in corn oil.

Author

Navarro-Reig M, Jaumot J, van Beek TA, Vivó-Truyols G, and Tauler R

Subjects
Chromatography, Liquid, Isomerism, Mass Spectrometry, Triglycerides chemistry, Corn Oil chemistry, Triglycerides analysis
Abstract

Comprehensive hyphenated two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC×LC-MS) is a very powerful analytical tool achieving high throughput resolution of highly complex natural samples. However, even using this approach there is still the possibility of not resolving some of the analytes of interest. For instance, triacylglycerols (TAGs) structural isomers in oil samples are extremely difficult to separate chromatographically due to their very similar structure and chemical properties. Traditional approaches based on current vendor chromatographic software cannot distinguish these isomers from their different mass spectral features. In this work, a chemometric approach is proposed to solve this problem. First, the experimental LC×LC-MS data structure is discussed, and results achieved by different methods based on the fulfilment of the trilinear model are compared. Then, the step-by-step resolution and identification of strongly coeluted compounds from different examples of triacylglycerols (TAGs) structural isomers in corn oil samples are described. As a conclusion, the separation power of two-dimensional chromatography can be significantly improved when it is combined with the multivariate curve resolution method., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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15. Identification of phototransformation products of sildenafil (Viagra) and its N-demethylated human metabolite under simulated sunlight.

Author

Eichhorn P, Pérez S, Aceña J, Gardinali P, Abad JL, and Barceló D

Subjects
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Photolysis, Purines chemistry, Purines radiation effects, Sildenafil Citrate, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Sunlight, Piperazines chemistry, Piperazines radiation effects, Pyrimidinones chemistry, Pyrimidinones radiation effects, Sulfones chemistry, Sulfones radiation effects
Abstract

Recent publications on pharmaceutical monitoring are increasingly covering the field of illicit drugs and lately the forensic evaluation of designing illegal analogs of lifestyle drugs like the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors Viagra (sildenafil), Levitra (vardenafil) and Cialis (tadalafil). Recently, the presence of all three erectile dysfunction treatment drugs has been reported in wastewaters at very low concentrations. In the environment, contaminants undergo various physical or chemical processes classified into abiotic (photolysis, hydrolysis) and biotic (biodegradation) reactions. Thus, changes in the chemical structure lead to the formation of new transformation products, which may persist in the environment or be further degraded. This study describes the photolysis of sildenafil (SDF) and its human metabolite N-demethylsildenafil (DM-SDF) under simulated solar radiation (Xenon lamp). Following chromatographic separation of the irradiated samples, eight photoproducts in the SDF samples and six photoproducts for DM-SDF were detected and characterized. The combination of ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS), liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-QqQ-MS) and hydrogen/deuterium-exchange experiments allowed to propose plausible chemical structures for the photoproducts, taking into account the characteristic fragmentation patterns and the accurate mass measurements. These mass spectral data provided sound evidence for the susceptibility of the piperazine ring toward photodegradation. A gradual breakdown of this heterocyclic structure gave rise to a series of products, which in part were identical for SDF and DM-SDF. The sulfonic acid, as the formal product of sulfonamide hydrolysis, was identified as key intermediate in the photolysis pathway. In both drug/metabolite molecules, phototransformation processes taking place beyond the sulfonamide group were deemed to be of minor relevance., (Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Published
2012
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16. Inter-laboratory comparison of liquid chromatographic techniques and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of surfactants in wastewaters.

Author

Castillo M, Riu J, Ventura F, Boleda R, Scheding R, Schröder HF, Nistor C, Emneus J, Eichhorn P, Knepper TP, Jonkers CC, de Voogt P, González-Mazo E, León VM, and Barceló D

Subjects
Mass Spectrometry methods, Sewage analysis, Water analysis, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Surface-Active Agents analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract

Seven laboratories participated in an inter-laboratory comparison exercise within the framework of the PRISTINE, SANDRINE and INEXsPORT European Union Projects. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) methodologies were used for the extraction of target analytes from wastewaters. The analytical strategies were based on liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometric (MS) or to fluorescent (FL) detection in all cases with the exception of one laboratory using a test-tube enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Samples were spiked with the surfactants nonylphenolpolyglycol ether, coconut diethanolamide, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, nonylphenolpolyglycol ether sulfate, alkylpolyglycol ether and secondary alkane sulfonate. After enrichment on previously conditioned SPE cartridges, the SPE cartridges were distributed among the participating laboratories without the information about the amount of spiked surfactants. In addition, SPE cartridges loaded with a real-world environmental sample containing a tannery wastewater were also analyzed. The results of the programme showed that SPE followed by LC-MS techniques are reliable for the surfactants determination at submicrogram to microgram per liter levels in wastewaters. Inter-laboratory precision values were calculated as the reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSD(R)) which was determined from the reproducibility standard deviation (sR) and the average concentration at a particular concentration level. When data from all laboratories were pooled, the RSD(R) values ranged from 5.1 to 28.3% for the determination of target analytes. The most accurate result corresponded to that given for linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. Taking into account that different methodologies were used (including non-chromatographic techniques) and the complexity of the samples analyzed, it can be considered that acceptable reproducibility values were obtained in this inter-laboratory study.

Published
2000
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