1. Implicit learning of artificial grammatical structures after inferior frontal cortex lesions
- Author
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Sonja A. Kotz, Tatiana Jarret, Anika Stockert, Barbara Tillmann, Section Neuropsychology, RS: FPN NPPP I, Auditory Cognition and Psychoacoustics Team [Lyon], Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon, Language and Aphasia Laboratory [Leipzig, Allemagne], Department of Neurology [Leipzig, Allemagne], Universität Leipzig [Leipzig]-Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Department of Neuropsychology [Leipzig, Allemagne], Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences [Leipzig] (IMPNSC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Neuropsychology [Maastricht, Pays-Bas], Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience [Maastricht, Pays-Bas], Maastricht University [Maastricht]-Maastricht University [Maastricht], Department of Psychopharmacology [Maastricht, Pays-Bas], This research was supported by a grant from EBRAMUS ITN to BT and SAK (Europe BRAin and MUSic) (Grant Agreement number 238157). The team 'Auditory cognition and psychoacoustics' is part of the LabEx CeLyA ('Centre Lyonnais d’Acoustique', grant ANR-10-LABX-60 to BT)., ANR-10-LABX-0060,CeLyA,Lyon Acoustics Centre(2010), Bodescot, Myriam, Lyon Acoustics Centre - - CeLyA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0060 - LABX - VALID, Auditory Cognition and Psychoacoustics (CAP), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Male ,NEURAL BASIS ,Physiology ,[SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health ,Social Sciences ,LANGUAGE ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Learning and Memory ,BASAL GANGLIA ,COGNITIVE CONTROL ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Evoked Potentials ,Clinical Neurophysiology ,Cognitive Impairment ,Grammar ,Brain Mapping ,BRAIN BASIS ,Multidisciplinary ,CHUNK STRENGTH ,Learning Disabilities ,Cognitive Neurology ,05 social sciences ,SYNTAX ,Electroencephalography ,Middle Aged ,Language acquisition ,Frontal Lobe ,Electrophysiology ,Bioassays and Physiological Analysis ,Categorization ,Brain Electrophysiology ,Neurology ,Medicine ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Female ,psychological phenomena and processes ,ERP ,Cognitive psychology ,Research Article ,Artificial grammar learning ,Imaging Techniques ,Science ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,education ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Neurophysiology ,Context (language use) ,Neuroimaging ,EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS ,Cognitive neuroscience ,Research and Analysis Methods ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,BROCAS AREA ,Humans ,Learning ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,[SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Aged ,Language Acquisition ,Language Disorders ,Electrophysiological Techniques ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Linguistics ,Syntax ,Implicit learning ,Broca Area ,[SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health ,Case-Control Studies ,Lesions ,Cognitive Science ,Clinical Medicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Objective Previous research associated the left inferior frontal cortex with implicit structure learning. The present study tested patients with lesions encompassing the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG; including Brodmann areas 44 and 45) to further investigate this cognitive function, notably by using non-verbal material, implicit investigation methods, and by enhancing potential remaining function via dynamic attending. Patients and healthy matched controls were exposed to an artificial pitch grammar in an implicit learning paradigm to circumvent the potential influence of impaired language processing. Methods Patients and healthy controls listened to pitch sequences generated within a finite-state grammar (exposure phase) and then performed a categorization task on new pitch sequences (test phase). Participants were not informed about the underlying grammar in either the exposure phase or the test phase. Furthermore, the pitch structures were presented in a highly regular temporal context as the beneficial impact of temporal regularity (e.g. meter) in learning and perception has been previously reported. Based on the Dynamic Attending Theory (DAT), we hypothesized that a temporally regular context helps developing temporal expectations that, in turn, facilitate event perception, and thus benefit artificial grammar learning. Results Electroencephalography results suggest preserved artificial grammar learning of pitch structures in patients and healthy controls. For both groups, analyses of event-related potentials revealed a larger early negativity (100–200 msec post-stimulus onset) in response to ungrammatical than grammatical pitch sequence events. Conclusions These findings suggest that (i) the LIFG does not play an exclusive role in the implicit learning of artificial pitch grammars, and (ii) the use of non-verbal material and an implicit task reveals cognitive capacities that remain intact despite lesions to the LIFG. These results provide grounds for training and rehabilitation, that is, learning of non-verbal grammars that may impact the relearning of verbal grammars. © 2019 Jarret et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Published
- 2019