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5. Safety and Efficacy of Stereotactic Aspiration Plus Urokinase in Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation (STAPLE-dICH)

Author

Department of Science and Technology of Fujian province, Longyan City First Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, LanZhou University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shishi General Hospital, Wuping County Hospital, Fuqing Municipal Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Huian County Hospital, Anxi County Hospital, The Second Hospital of Sanming, Pucheng County Hospital, Nanan Hospital, MinDong Hospital of Ningde City, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Lianjiang County Hospital, Shunchang County Hospital, and Fuxin Lin, Doctor

Published
2020

7. Planar hyperbolic polaritons in 2D van der Waals materials

Author

National Science Foundation (US), Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, Office of Naval Research (US), Department of Science and Technology (India), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Department of Energy (US), US Army Research Office, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Gobierno de Aragón, Wang, Hongwei, Kumar, Anshuman, Dai, Siyuan, Lin, Xiao, Jacob, Zubin, Oh, Sang-Hyun, Menon, Vinod, Narimanov, Evgenii, Kim, Young Duck, Wang, Jian-Ping, Avouris, Phaedon, Martín-Moreno, Luis, Caldwell, Joshua, Low, Tony, National Science Foundation (US), Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, Office of Naval Research (US), Department of Science and Technology (India), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Department of Energy (US), US Army Research Office, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Gobierno de Aragón, Wang, Hongwei, Kumar, Anshuman, Dai, Siyuan, Lin, Xiao, Jacob, Zubin, Oh, Sang-Hyun, Menon, Vinod, Narimanov, Evgenii, Kim, Young Duck, Wang, Jian-Ping, Avouris, Phaedon, Martín-Moreno, Luis, Caldwell, Joshua, and Low, Tony

Abstract

Anisotropic planar polaritons - hybrid electromagnetic modes mediated by phonons, plasmons, or excitons - in biaxial two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention due to their fundamental physics and potential nanophotonic applications. In this Perspective, we review the properties of planar hyperbolic polaritons and the variety of methods that can be used to experimentally tune them. We argue that such natural, planar hyperbolic media should be fairly common in biaxial and uniaxial 2D and 1D van der Waals crystals, and identify the untapped opportunities they could enable for functional (i.e. ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric) polaritons. Lastly, we provide our perspectives on the technological applications of such planar hyperbolic polaritons.

Published
2024

8. Synergistic Integration of Nanogenerators and Solar Cells: Advanced Hybrid Structures and Applications

Author

National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (South Korea), Permanent Secretary (Thailand), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Department of Science and Technology (India), Royal Society of Chemistry (UK), Institute for Basic Science (South Korea), Ministry of Education (South Korea), Borrás, Ana [0000-0001-8799-2054], Hajra, Sugato, Ali, Amanat, Panda, Swati, Song, Heewoon, Rajaitha, P. M., Dubal, Deepak, Borrás, Ana, In-Na, Pichaya, Vittayakorn, Naratip, Vivekananthan, Venkateswaran, Kim, Hoe Joon, Divya, Sivasubramani, Oh, Tae Hwan, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (South Korea), Permanent Secretary (Thailand), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Department of Science and Technology (India), Royal Society of Chemistry (UK), Institute for Basic Science (South Korea), Ministry of Education (South Korea), Borrás, Ana [0000-0001-8799-2054], Hajra, Sugato, Ali, Amanat, Panda, Swati, Song, Heewoon, Rajaitha, P. M., Dubal, Deepak, Borrás, Ana, In-Na, Pichaya, Vittayakorn, Naratip, Vivekananthan, Venkateswaran, Kim, Hoe Joon, Divya, Sivasubramani, and Oh, Tae Hwan

Abstract

The rapid growth of global energy consumption and the increasing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources have urged vast research into harnessing energy from various sources. Among them, the most promising approaches are nanogenerators (NGs) and solar cells (SCs), which independently offer innovative solutions for energy harvesting. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the integration of NGs and SCs, exploring advanced hybrid structures and their diverse applications. First, an overview of the principles and working mechanisms of NGs and SCs is provided for seamless hybrid integrations. Then, various design strategies are discussed, such as piezoelectric and triboelectric NGs with different types of SCs. Finally, a wide range of applications are explored that benefit from the synergistic integration of NGs and SCs, including self-powered electronics, wearable devices, environmental monitoring, and wireless sensor networks. The potential for these hybrid systems is highlighted to address real-world energy needs and contribute to developing sustainable and self-sufficient technologies. In conclusion, this review provides valuable insights into the state-of-the-art developments in NGs and SCs integration, shedding light on advanced hybrid structures and their diverse applications.

Published
2024

9. 5-t-But-catecholato (DTBcat)-gold-phosphine-complexes: Synthesis and spectral study

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España), Department of Science and Technology (India), Byabartta, Prithwiraj, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España), Department of Science and Technology (India), and Byabartta, Prithwiraj

Abstract

Ag+- assisted dechlorination of Gold(I) and Gold(III) phosphine complexes followed by the reaction with 5-t-But-Catecholato (DTBcat)- (H2CA) in presence of Et3N gives a neutral violet complexes whereas 1-9,8a, 14-16 are Gold(I) two coordinate linear complexes and 10-13 are Gold(III) square planar four coordinate complexes. The seventeen new complexes are charecterised by ESIMS, IR and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 19F; 31P) spectroscopic studies. In addition by dimentional NMR studies as 1H 1H COSY permit a complete assignment of the complexes in the solution phase.

Published
2024

10. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Universitaire de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, San Jose State University Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Royal Society (UK), United Arab Emirates University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, German Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (India), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, Swedish Research Council, #NODATA#, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Bron, Emeric, Haworth, Thomas J., Klaassen, Pamela, Trahin, Boris, Abergel, Alain, Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., Zhen, Junfeng, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bera, Partha P., Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Black, John H, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Boulanger, Francois, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Simmer, Thomas, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Bouwman, Jordy, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Baruteau, Clément, Bejaoui, Salma, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Le Petit, Franck, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, José, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L J, Demyk, Karine, Li, Aigen, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Linz, Hendrik, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Mackie, Cameron J., Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Van De Putte, Dries, Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Alarcón, Felipe, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Zannese, Marion, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Simonnin, Adrien, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Universitaire de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, San Jose State University Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Royal Society (UK), United Arab Emirates University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, German Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (India), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, Swedish Research Council, #NODATA#, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Bron, Emeric, Haworth, Thomas J., Klaassen, Pamela, Trahin, Boris, Abergel, Alain, Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., Zhen, Junfeng, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bera, Partha P., Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Black, John H, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Boulanger, Francois, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Simmer, Thomas, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Bouwman, Jordy, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Baruteau, Clément, Bejaoui, Salma, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Le Petit, Franck, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, José, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L J, Demyk, Karine, Li, Aigen, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Linz, Hendrik, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Mackie, Cameron J., Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Van De Putte, Dries, Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Alarcón, Felipe, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Zannese, Marion, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Simonnin, Adrien, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, and Witt, Adolf N.

Abstract

Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photodissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, which affects planet formation within the disks. We report James Webb Space Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula. Emission lines are detected from the PDR; modeling their kinematics and excitation allowed us to constrain the physical conditions within the gas. We quantified the mass-loss rate induced by the FUV irradiation and found that it is sufficient to remove gas from the disk in less than a million years. This is rapid enough to affect giant planet formation in the disk.

Published
2024

11. Flexophotovoltaic effect and above-band-gap photovoltage induced by strain gradients in halide perovskites

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Jiangxi Province, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Nanchang University, Wang, Zhiguo, Shu, Shengwen, Wei, Xiaoyong, Liang, Renhong, Ke, Shanming, Shu, Longlong, Catalán, Gustau, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Jiangxi Province, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Nanchang University, Wang, Zhiguo, Shu, Shengwen, Wei, Xiaoyong, Liang, Renhong, Ke, Shanming, Shu, Longlong, and Catalán, Gustau

Abstract

We have measured the flexophotovoltaic effect of single crystals of halide perovskites MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3, as well as the benchmark oxide perovskite SrTiO3. For halide perovskites, the flexophotovoltaic effect is found to be orders of magnitude larger than for SrTiO3, and indeed large enough to induce photovoltages bigger than the band gap. Moreover, we find that in MAPbI3 the flexophotovoltaic effect is additional to a native bulk photovoltaic response that is switchable and ferroelectric-like. The results suggest that strain gradient engineering can be a powerful tool to modify the photovoltaic output even in already well-established photovoltaic materials.

Published
2024

16. Continuos Terlipressin Infusion in Septic Shock

Author

Guangdong Province, Department of Science and Technology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 302 Hospital, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Wuhan Union Hospital, China, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Anhui Provincial Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital Bengbu Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Jinling Hospital, China, West China Hospital, Hainan People's Hospital, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China Medical University, China, First People's Hospital of Foshan, ZhuHai Hospital, and Guan XiangDong, director of surgical intensive care unit

Published
2014

21. Correction of illumination effects on seasonal divergent NIRv photosynthetic phenology

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Chen, Rui, Yin, Gaofei, Liu, Guoxiang, Yang, Yajie, Wang, Changjing, Xie, Qiaoyun, Zhao, Wei, Verger, Aleixandre, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Chen, Rui, Yin, Gaofei, Liu, Guoxiang, Yang, Yajie, Wang, Changjing, Xie, Qiaoyun, Zhao, Wei, and Verger, Aleixandre

Abstract

Accurate estimation of photosynthetic phenology is of great importance for understanding the response of terrestrial biosphere to climate change. The near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv) has been increasingly used to estimate photosynthetic phenology. However, topography significantly affects illumination conditions and induces uncertainty in the retrieval of NIRv photosynthetic phenology over mountainous areas. We evaluated the illumination effects on three modalities of NIRv: (i) the original NIRv, (ii) the product of NIRv and solar incident radiation (NIRvP), and (iii) the topographically corrected NIRv (TCNIRv). We assessed the impact of sun geometry on the phenological metrics for the timing of the start and end of the season (i.e., SOS and EOS) derived from satellite NIRv time series as compared with those derived from in-situ gross primary production (GPP) measured at the Brasschaat (BE-Bra) and Lägeren (CH-Lae) flux towers located, respectively, over a flat and a mountainous forest area in Europe. We observed a seasonally divergent performance of NIRv in photosynthetic phenology extraction: NIRv-derived SOS had a good consistency with GPP-derived estimates (109/114d for NIRv vs 108/115d for GPP at BE-Bra/CH-Lae), whilst it showed a positive time lag for the EOS (291/292d for NIRv vs 264/268d for GPP at BE-Bra/CH-Lae). The radiation constraint in NIRvP formulation corrected the bias in NIRv-based EOS estimates. Path length correction (PLC) also alleviates the illumination effects on the original NIRv, making TCNIRv comparable to NIRvP in estimating SOS and EOS. We conclude that illumination effects must be corrected from NIRv for the extraction of photosynthetic phenology, especially for the autumn phenology. Our study has significant implications for understanding the responses of phenology to climate change and the climate-carbon feedbacks, particularly over complex topography mountainous areas.

Published
2023

22. Effects of climate change and anthropogenic activity on ranges of vertebrate species endemic to the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau over 40 years

Author

Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Jiang, Dechun, Zhao, Xumao, López-Pujol, Jordi, Wang, Zhiqiang, Qu, Yanhua, Zhang, Yanming, Zhang, Tongzuo, Li, Dayong, Jiang, Ke, Wang, Bin, Yan, Chaochao, Li, Jia-Tang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Jiang, Dechun, Zhao, Xumao, López-Pujol, Jordi, Wang, Zhiqiang, Qu, Yanhua, Zhang, Yanming, Zhang, Tongzuo, Li, Dayong, Jiang, Ke, Wang, Bin, Yan, Chaochao, and Li, Jia-Tang

Abstract

Over the past 40 years, the climate has been changing and human disturbance has increased in the vast Qinghai¿Tibet Plateau (QTP). These 2 factors are expected to affect the distribution of a large number of endemic vertebrate species. However, quantitative relationships between range shifts and climate change and human disturbance of these species in the QTP have rarely been evaluated. We used occurrence records of 19 terrestrial vertebrate species (birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles) occurring in the QTP from 1980 to 2020 to quantify the effects of climate change and anthropogenic impacts on the distribution of these 4 taxonomic groups and estimated species range changes in each species. The trend in distribution changes differed among the taxonomic groups, although, generally, ranges shifted to central QTP. Climate change contributed more to range variation than human disturbance (the sum of the 4 climatic variables contributed more than the sum of the 4 human disturbance variables for all 4 taxonomic groups). Suitable geographic range increased for most mammals, amphibians, and reptiles (+27.6%, +18.4%, and +27.8% on average, respectively), whereas for birds range decreased on average by 0.9%. Quantitative evidence for climate change and human disturbance associations with range changes for endemic vertebrate species in the QTP can provide useful insights into biodiversity conservation under changing environments.

Published
2023

23. Unveiling the role of counter-anions in amorphous transition metal-based oxygen evolution electrocatalysts

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, China Scholarship Council, Generalitat de Catalunya, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, Wang, Xiang, Han, Xu, Du, Ruifeng, Liang, Zhifu, Zuo, Yong, Guardia, Pablo, Li, Junshan, Llorca, Jordi, Arbiol, Jordi, Zheng, Renji, Cabot, Andreu, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, China Scholarship Council, Generalitat de Catalunya, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, Wang, Xiang, Han, Xu, Du, Ruifeng, Liang, Zhifu, Zuo, Yong, Guardia, Pablo, Li, Junshan, Llorca, Jordi, Arbiol, Jordi, Zheng, Renji, and Cabot, Andreu

Abstract

At the initial stage of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) most electrocatalysts undergo structural and chemical surface reconstruction. While this reconstruction strongly influences their performance, it is frequently overlooked. Herein, we analyze the role of the oxidized anions, which is particularly neglected in most previous works. We introduce a range of different anionic groups (Cl-, CH3COO-, NO3-, SO42-) on the surface of an amorphous ZnCoxNiyOz catalyst by a facile proton etching and ion exchange method from a ZIF-8 self-sacrificial template. The structural and chemical properties of the obtained set of materials are thoroughly analysed and correlated with their electrocatalytic performance to study the effect of surface anionic groups, phase transition, metal leaching and defect generation on OER activity. Exploiting the control possibilities provided by the synthesis method here described and employing the uncovered property-performance correlations, the electrocatalyst is optimized. As a result, we produce ZnCo1.25Ni0.73Ox-SO4 catalysts with outstanding OER performances, including a low overpotential of 252 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 41.6 mV dec−1. Furthermore, this catalyst exhibits remarkable stability with negligible overpotential variation for 100 h. The excellent catalytic properties are rationalized using density functional theory calculations, showing that the surface-adsorbed anions, particularly SO42−, can stabilize the OOH* intermediate, thus enhancing the OER activity. This work offers new insight into the roles of metal leaching and surface-adsorbed anions in the OER progress and facilitates the rational design of highly-efficient electrocatalysts for OER.

Published
2023

24. Phosphorous incorporation into palladium tin nanoparticles for the electrocatalytic formate oxidation reaction

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Universidad de Barcelona, European Commission, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Werner Siemens Foundation, Montaña-Mora, Guillem [0000-0003-1208-6836], Qi, Xueqiang [0000-0003-4566-9552], Martinez-Alanis, Paulina R. [0000-0003-3675-4472], Arbiol, Jordi [0000-0002-0695-1726], Montaña-Mora, Guillem, Qi, Xueqiang, Wang, Xiang, Chacón-Borrero, Jesús, Martínez-Alanis, Paulina R., Yu, Xiaoting, Li, Junshan, Xue, Qian, Arbiol, Jordi, Ibáñez, María, Cabot, Andreu, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Universidad de Barcelona, European Commission, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Werner Siemens Foundation, Montaña-Mora, Guillem [0000-0003-1208-6836], Qi, Xueqiang [0000-0003-4566-9552], Martinez-Alanis, Paulina R. [0000-0003-3675-4472], Arbiol, Jordi [0000-0002-0695-1726], Montaña-Mora, Guillem, Qi, Xueqiang, Wang, Xiang, Chacón-Borrero, Jesús, Martínez-Alanis, Paulina R., Yu, Xiaoting, Li, Junshan, Xue, Qian, Arbiol, Jordi, Ibáñez, María, and Cabot, Andreu

Abstract

The deployment of direct formate fuel cells (DFFCs) relies on the development of active and stable catalysts for the formate oxidation reaction (FOR). Palladium, providing effective full oxidation of formate to CO2, has been widely used as FOR catalyst, but it suffers from low stability, moderate activity, and high cost. Herein, we detail a colloidal synthesis route for the incorporation of P on Pd2Sn nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are dispersed on carbon black and the obtained composite is used as electrocatalytic material for the FOR. The Pd2Sn0.8P-based electrodes present outstanding catalytic activities with record mass current densities up to 10.0 A mgPd-1, well above those of Pd1.6Sn/C reference electrode. These high current densities are further enhanced by increasing the temperature from 25 °C to 40 °C. The Pd2Sn0.8P electrode also allows for slowing down the rapid current decay that generally happens during operation and can be rapidly re-activated through potential cycling. The excellent catalytic performance obtained is rationalized using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Published
2023

25. Biogenic factors explain soil carbon in paired urban and natural ecosystems worldwide

Author

Fundación BBVA, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Hermon Slade Foundation, Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Banaras Hindu University, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Bradford, Mark A. [0000-0002-2022-8331], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Alfaro, Fernando D. [0000-0003-2922-1838], Abades, Sebastián [0000-0001-5704-4037], Bastida, F. [0000-0001-9958-7099], Durán, Jorge [0000-0002-7375-5290], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Blanco-Pastor, José Luis [0000-0002-7708-1342], Grebenc, Tine [0000-0003-4035-8587], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar [0000-0003-0198-3726], Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F. [0000-0001-7085-9521], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra [0000-0001-5849-8778], Siebe, Christina [0000-0002-2636-6778], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Sun, Wei [0000-0002-1601-2159], Trivedi, Pankaj [0000-0003-0173-2804], Verma, Jay Prakash [0000-0002-2643-9623], Wang, Jianyong [0000-0002-9863-0056], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Eldridge, David J., Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Liu, Yu-Rong, Alfaro, Fernando D., Abades, Sebastián, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, F., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Illán, Javier, G., Grebenc, Tine, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar, Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Rey, Ana, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Sun, Wei, Trivedi, Pankaj, Verma, Jay Prakash, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Plaza de Carlos, César, Fundación BBVA, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Hermon Slade Foundation, Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Banaras Hindu University, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Bradford, Mark A. [0000-0002-2022-8331], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Alfaro, Fernando D. [0000-0003-2922-1838], Abades, Sebastián [0000-0001-5704-4037], Bastida, F. [0000-0001-9958-7099], Durán, Jorge [0000-0002-7375-5290], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Blanco-Pastor, José Luis [0000-0002-7708-1342], Grebenc, Tine [0000-0003-4035-8587], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar [0000-0003-0198-3726], Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F. [0000-0001-7085-9521], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra [0000-0001-5849-8778], Siebe, Christina [0000-0002-2636-6778], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Sun, Wei [0000-0002-1601-2159], Trivedi, Pankaj [0000-0003-0173-2804], Verma, Jay Prakash [0000-0002-2643-9623], Wang, Jianyong [0000-0002-9863-0056], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Eldridge, David J., Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Liu, Yu-Rong, Alfaro, Fernando D., Abades, Sebastián, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, F., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Illán, Javier, G., Grebenc, Tine, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar, Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Rey, Ana, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Sun, Wei, Trivedi, Pankaj, Verma, Jay Prakash, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, and Plaza de Carlos, César

Abstract

Urban greenspaces support multiple nature-based services, many of which depend on the amount of soil carbon (C). Yet, the environmental drivers of soil C and its sensitivity to warming are still poorly understood globally. Here we use soil samples from 56 paired urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems worldwide and combine soil C concentration and size fractionation measures with metagenomics and warming incubations. We show that surface soils in urban and natural ecosystems sustain similar C concentrations that follow comparable negative relationships with temperature. Plant productivity’s contribution to explaining soil C was higher in natural ecosystems, while in urban ecosystems, the soil microbial biomass had the greatest explanatory power. Moreover, the soil microbiome supported a faster C mineralization rate with experimental warming in urban greenspaces compared with natural ecosystems. Consequently, urban management strategies should consider the soil microbiome to maintain soil C and related ecosystem services.

Published
2023

26. Polar-facing slopes showed stronger greening trend than equatorial-facing slopes in Tibetan plateau grasslands

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Fundación Ramón Areces, Generalitat de Catalunya, Yin, Gaofei, Yan, Xinyu, Ma, Dujuan, Xie, Jiangliu, Chen, Rui, Pan, Huiqin, Zhao, Wei, Wang, Changjing, Verger, Aleixandre, Descals, Adrià, Filella, Iolanda, Peñuelas, Josep, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Fundación Ramón Areces, Generalitat de Catalunya, Yin, Gaofei, Yan, Xinyu, Ma, Dujuan, Xie, Jiangliu, Chen, Rui, Pan, Huiqin, Zhao, Wei, Wang, Changjing, Verger, Aleixandre, Descals, Adrià, Filella, Iolanda, and Peñuelas, Josep

Abstract

The orientation of slopes in alpine zones creates microclimates, e.g. equatorial-facing slopes (EFSs) are generally drier and warmer than are polar-facing slopes (PFSs). The vegetation growing in these microhabitats responds divergently to climatic warming depending on the slope orientation. We proposed a spatial metric, the greenness asymmetric index (GAI), defined as the ratio between the average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on PFSs and EFSs within a given spatial window, to quantify the asymmetry of greenness across aspects. We calculated GAI for each non-overlapping 3 × 3 km2 (100 × 100 Landsat pixels) grid, and seamlessly mapped it on Tibetan Plateau (TP) grassland using NDVI time series from the Landsat-5, -7 and -8 satellites. PFSs were greener than EFSs (GAI > 1) in warm and dry areas, and EFSs were greener than PFSs (GAI < 1) in cold and wet areas. We also detected a stronger greening trend (0.0040 vs 0.0034 y−1) and a higher sensitivity of NDVI to temperature (0.031 vs 0.026 °C−1) on PFSs than EFSs, leading to a significant positive trend in GAI (0.00065 y−1, P < 0.01) in the TP from 1991 to 2020. Our results suggest that global warming exacerbated the greenness asymmetry associated with the slope orientation: PFSs are more sensitive to warming and have been greening at a faster rate than EFSs. The gradient of EFSs and PFSs provided a “natural laboratory” to study interaction of water and temperature limitations on vegetation growth. Our study is the first to detect the effect of aspect on the greening trend in the TP. Future research needs to clarify the full biotic and abiotic determinants for this spatial and temporal asymmetry of greenness across aspects with the support of extensive field measurements and refined high-resolution NDVI products.

Published
2023

27. Aspect Matters: Unraveling Microclimate Impacts on Mountain Greenness and Greening

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundación Ramón Areces, Yin, Gaofei, Xie, Jiangliu, Ma, Dujuan, Xie, Qiaoyun, Verger, Aleixandre, Descals, Adrià, Filella, Iolanda, Peñuelas, Josep, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundación Ramón Areces, Yin, Gaofei, Xie, Jiangliu, Ma, Dujuan, Xie, Qiaoyun, Verger, Aleixandre, Descals, Adrià, Filella, Iolanda, and Peñuelas, Josep

Abstract

Mountains are vital ecosystems, yet predicting plant growth there is complex due to diverse microclimates on slopes. Equatorial-facing slopes (EFSs) are drier and warmer, and polar-facing slopes (PFSs) are wetter and colder, than their regional macroclimates. Analyzing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer normalized difference vegetation index from 2003 to 2021, we identified a clear geographic pattern of differences in greenness on the two opposite aspects: EFSs were greener than PFSs in cold areas and were browner in dry areas, mainly determined by the relative importance of limitations of temperature and water. PFSs had stronger greening trends than did EPSs, leading to a weakening difference in greenness between EPSs and PFSs in temperature-limited areas, and an intensifying difference in water-limited areas. This suggests the alleviation of temperature limitation and exacerbation of water limitation. Montane ecosystems constitute a “natural laboratory” for deepening our understanding of the temporal evolution of the climatic control of vegetation growth with a space-for-time substitution.

Published
2023

28. The accretion/ejection link in the neutron star X-ray binary 4U 1820-30 I: a boundary layer-jet coupling?

Author

European Commission, European Research Council, Royal Society (UK), Department of Science and Technology (India), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Marino, Alessio, Russell, T. D., Santo, Melania del, Beri, Aru, Sanna, Andrea, Coti Zelati, Francesco, Degenaar, Nathalie, Altamirano, Diego, Ambrosi, Elena, Anitra, A., Carotenuto, Francesco, D'Aí, Antonino, Salvo, Tiziana di, Manca, Arianna, Motta, S. E., Pinto, Ciro, Pintore, Fabio, Rea, Nanda, Eijnden, Jakob van den, European Commission, European Research Council, Royal Society (UK), Department of Science and Technology (India), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Marino, Alessio, Russell, T. D., Santo, Melania del, Beri, Aru, Sanna, Andrea, Coti Zelati, Francesco, Degenaar, Nathalie, Altamirano, Diego, Ambrosi, Elena, Anitra, A., Carotenuto, Francesco, D'Aí, Antonino, Salvo, Tiziana di, Manca, Arianna, Motta, S. E., Pinto, Ciro, Pintore, Fabio, Rea, Nanda, and Eijnden, Jakob van den

Abstract

The accretion flow/jet correlation in neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) is far less understood when compared to black hole (BH) LMXBs. In this paper we will present the results of a dense multiwavelength observational campaign on the NS LMXB 4U 1820-30, including X-ray (NICER, NuSTAR, and AstroSat) and quasi-simultaneous radio (ATCA) observations in 2022. 4U 1820-30 shows a peculiar 170 d super-orbital accretion modulation, during which the system evolves between ‘modes’ of high and low X-ray flux. During our monitoring, the source did not show any transition to a full hard state. X-ray spectra were well described using a disc blackbody, a Comptonization spectrum along with a Fe K emission line at ∼6.6 keV. Our results show that the observed X-ray flux modulation is almost entirely produced by changes in the size of the region providing seed photons for the Comptonization spectrum. This region is large (∼15 km) in the high mode and likely coincides with the whole boundary layer, while it shrinks significantly (≲10 km) in low mode. The electron temperature of the corona and the observed rms variability in the hard X-rays also exhibit a slight increase in low mode. As the source moves from high to low mode, the radio emission due to the jet becomes ∼5 fainter. These radio changes appear not to be strongly connected to the hard-to-soft transitions as in BH systems, while they seem to be connected mostly to variations observed in the boundary layer.

Published
2023

29. Finite-time cosmological singularities and the possible fate of the Universe

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Department of Science and Technology (India), European Commission, Haro, Jaume de, Nojiri, Shin'ichi, Odintsov, Sergei D., Oikonomou, Vasilis K., Pan, Supriya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Department of Science and Technology (India), European Commission, Haro, Jaume de, Nojiri, Shin'ichi, Odintsov, Sergei D., Oikonomou, Vasilis K., and Pan, Supriya

Abstract

Singularities in any physical theory are either remarkable indicators of the unknown underlying fundamental theory, or indicate a change in the description of the physical reality. In General Relativity there are three fundamental kinds of singularities that might occur, firstly the black hole spacelike crushing singularities, e.g. in the Schwarzschild case and two cosmological spacelike singularities appearing in finite-time, namely, the Big Bang singularity and the Big Rip singularity. In the case of black hole and Big Bang singularity, the singularity indicates that the physics is no longer described by the classical gravity theory but some quantum version of gravity is probably needed. The Big Rip is a future singularity which appears in the context of General Relativity due to a phantom scalar field needed to describe the dark energy era. Apart from the Big Rip singularity, a variety of finite-time future singularities, such as, sudden singularity, Big Freeze singularity, generalized sudden singularity, w-singularity and so on, are allowed in various class of cosmological models irrespective of their origin. The occurrence of these finite-time singularities has been intensively investigated in the context of a variety of dark energy, modified gravity, and other alternative cosmological theories. These singularities suggest that the current cosmological scenario is probably an approximate version of a fundamental theory yet to be discovered. In this review we provide a concrete overview of the cosmological theories constructed in the context of Einstein’s General Relativity and modified gravity theories that may lead to finite-time cosmological singularities. We also discuss various approaches suggested in the literature that could potentially prevent or mitigate finite-time singularities within the cosmological scenarios.

Published
2023

30. Metal-organic framework-derived cation regulation of metal sulfides for enhanced oxygen evolution activity

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Guangzhou Institute of Science and Technology, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, Guangdong Science and Technology Department, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Wan, Kai, Luo, Jiangshui, Liu, Wenbo, Zhang, Ting, Arbiol, Jordi, Zhang, Xuan, Subramanian, Palaniappan, Fu, Zhiyong, Fransaer, Jan, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Guangzhou Institute of Science and Technology, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, Guangdong Science and Technology Department, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Wan, Kai, Luo, Jiangshui, Liu, Wenbo, Zhang, Ting, Arbiol, Jordi, Zhang, Xuan, Subramanian, Palaniappan, Fu, Zhiyong, and Fransaer, Jan

Abstract

Heteroatom doping serves as an important strategy to improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of transition-metal compounds, while the investigation of intrinsic active sites and mechanisms remains insufficient. In this work, a facile cation regulation strategy is reported to boost the OER activity of metal sulfides via pyrolysis of the Ni-Co bimetallic metal-organic framework. The obtained Ni-substituted CoS nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (Ni-CoS/NC) catalyst achieves a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a small overpotential of 270 mV with a Tafel slope of 37 mV dec−1 in 1.0 mol L−1 KOH. Through a combination of spectroscopy study and theoretical computations, the activity origin is revealed at the atomic level. The CoxNi1–xOOH serves as the real active site for the OER generated by the Ni-CoS/NC reconstruction under oxidation potential during OER. The Ni substitution results in a strong electronic interaction between the two metals, thus generating more negatively charged Co atoms and more positively charged Ni atoms in the electrocatalyst. The metal sites with regulated electronic structure exhibit enhanced surface adsorption of OOH* and reduce the OER overpotential. Meanwhile, the conductive porous carbon scaffold facilitates electron transfer, mass diffusion, and the accessibility of active sites. This work not only provides a feasible cation regulation strategy for the design of high-performance electrocatalysts for low-cost energy storage and conversion systems, but also yields fresh insight into the activity enhancement mechanisms and intrinsic active sites.

Published
2023

31. Oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids over geopolymer supported CuO

Author

Department of Science and Technology (India), Upadhyay, Jyoti, Misra, Swayam Prabha, Irusta, Silvia, Sharma, Sudhanshu, Deshpande, Parag A., Department of Science and Technology (India), Upadhyay, Jyoti, Misra, Swayam Prabha, Irusta, Silvia, Sharma, Sudhanshu, and Deshpande, Parag A.

Abstract

This article focuses on the synthesis of copper (II) oxide impregnated mesoporous geopolymer (CuO/Geo) catalyst and its catalytic activity for the oxidation of aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids. CuO/Geo was synthesised by a two-step method. Mesoporous geopolymer was prepared which was used as a support for CuO through incipient wetness method. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using FE-SEM, FT-IR, BET surface area, XRD and XPS. For the oxidation reaction, water was used as the solvent and oxygen as the sole oxidant. On the basis of the experimental observations, CuO/Geo was found to be a good catalyst with 67% conversion of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid, observed in 10 h at 80 °C. It was established from XPS analysis that the oxidation reaction took place via Cu2+/Cu+/Cu2+ transformations. Density functional theory calculations provided insights into the adsorption energetics and the reaction mechanism. The mechanism for benzaldehyde oxidation was developed and the rate determining step was identified. The product formation step was observed to be the rate determining step with the free energy barrier of 59.6 kcal/mol.

Published
2023

32. Noncontact longitudinal shear wave imaging for the evaluation of heterogeneous porcine brain biomechanical properties using optical coherence elastography

Author

Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Zhu, Yirui, Shi, Jiulin, Gómez Álvarez-Arenas, Tomás, Li, Chenxi, Wang, Haohao, Zhang, Dong, He, Xingdao, Wu, Xiao, Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Zhu, Yirui, Shi, Jiulin, Gómez Álvarez-Arenas, Tomás, Li, Chenxi, Wang, Haohao, Zhang, Dong, He, Xingdao, and Wu, Xiao

Abstract

High-resolution quantification of heterogeneous brain biomechanical properties has long been an important topic. Longitudinal shear waves (LSWs) can be used to assess the longitudinal Young’s modulus, but contact excitation methods have been used in most previous studies. We propose an air-coupled ultrasound transducer-based optical coherence elastography (AcUT-OCE) technique for noncontact excitation and detection of LSWs in samples and assessment of the nonuniformity of the brain’s biomechanical properties. The air-coupled ultrasonic transducer (AcUT) for noncontact excitation of LSWs in the sample has a center frequency of 250 kHz. Phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image and reconstruct the propagation behavior of LSWs and surface ultrasound waves at high resolution. An agar phantom model was used to verify the feasibility of the experimental protocol, and experiments with ex vivo porcine brain samples were used to assess the nonuniformity of the brain biomechanical properties. LSWs with velocities of 0.83 ± 0.11 m/s were successfully excited in the agar phantom model. The perivascular elastography results in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the ex vivo porcine brains showed that the Young’s modulus was significantly higher in the longitudinal and transverse directions on the left side of the cerebral vessels than on the right side and that the Young’s modulus of the PFC decreased with increasing depth. The AcUT-OCE technique, as a new scheme for LSW applications in in vivo elastography, can be used for noncontact excitation of LSWs in brain tissue and high-resolution detection of heterogeneous brain biomechanical properties.

Published
2023

33. Roadmap for optical tweezers

Author

NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts, Australian Research Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Boğaziçi Üniversity, Novo Nordisk UK Research Foundation, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Wellcome Trust, Austrian Science Fund, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, European Commission, European Research Council, German Research Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Swedish Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Office of Naval Research (US), National Science Foundation (US), Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Science Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, University of Münster, Department of Science and Technology (India), Human Frontier Science Program, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Danish National Research Foundation, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Beckman Institute, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Volpe, Giovanni [0000-0001-5057-1846], Maragò, Onofrio M. [0000-0002-7220-8527], Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina [0000-0002-8332-2309], Stilgoe, Alexander B. [0000-0002-9299-5695], Volpe, Giorgio [0000-0001-9993-5348], Truong, Viet Giang [0000-0003-3589-7850], Chormaic, Síle Nic [0000-0003-4276-2014], Elahi, Parviz [0000-0003-3545-8436], Käll, Mikael [0000-0002-1163-0345], Callegari, Agnese [0000-0002-4488-4106], Neves, Antonio A. R. [0000-0002-2615-8573], Eismann, Jörg S. [0000-0002-2495-4613], Banzer, Peter [0000-0002-6336-6953], Roy, Basudev [0000-0003-0737-2889], Thalhammer-Thurner, Gregor [0000-0002-3948-8045], Ritsch-Marte, Monika [0000-0002-5945-546X], Pérez Castillo, Isaac0000-0001-7622-9440, Muenker, Till M. [0000-0003-3225-8746], Vos, Bart E. [0000-0002-4325-6298], Betz, Timo [0000-0002-1548-0655], Reece, Peter J. [0000-0003-4852-3735], McGloin, David [0000-0002-0075-4481], Gordon, Reuven [0000-0002-1485-6067], Bruce, Graham D. [0000-0003-3403-0614], Dholakia, Kishan [0000-0001-6534-9009], Roichman, Yael [0000-0003-1927-4506], Bobkova, Valeriia [0000-0003-4080-9069], Wittkowski, Raphael [0000-0003-4881-9173], Denz, Cornelia [0000-0002-7292-2499], Pavan Kumar, G. V. [0000-0002-4036-7187], Foti, Antonino [0000-0002-9824-3099], Donato, Maria Grazia [0000-0002-7580-3137], Gucciardi, Pietro G. [0000-0003-1826-9174], Gardini, Lucia [0000-0003-0923-9221], Kashchuk, Anatolii V. [0000-0002-2364-9393], Capitanio, Marco [0000-0002-9799-9353], Paterson, Lynn [0000-0003-0493-5041], Jones, Philip H. [0000-0002-0860-631X], Berg-Sørensen, Kirstine [0000-0002-9977-3980], Oddershede, Lene B. [0000-0003-2923-2844], Magazzù, Alessandro [0000-0003-1247-2702], Bronte Ciriza, David [0000-0002-5874-6601], Iatì, Maria Antonia [0000-0002-3576-8656], Swartzlander, Grover A. [0000-0003-3513-2225], Volpe, Giovanni, Maragò, Onofrio M., Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina, Pesce, Giuseppe, Stilgoe, Alexander B., Volpe, Giorgio, Tkachenko, Georgiy, Truong, Viet Giang, Chormaic, Síle Nic, Kalantarifard, Fatemeh, Elahi, Parviz, Käll, Mikael, Callegari, Agnese, Marqués, Manuel I., Neves, Antonio A. R., Moreira, Wendel L., Fontes, Adriana, César, Carlos L., Saija, Rosalba, Saidi, Abir, Beck, Paul, Eismann, Jörg S., Banzer, Peter, Fernandes, Thales F. D., Pedaci, Francesco, Bowen, Warwick P., Vaippully, Rahul, Lokesh, Muruga, Roy, Basudev, Thalhammer-Thurner, Gregor, Ritsch-Marte, Monika, Pérez García, Laura, Arzola, Alejandro V., Pérez Castillo, Isaac, Argun, Aykut, Muenker, Till M., Vos, Bart E., Betz, Timo, Cristiani, Ilaria, Minzioni, Paolo, Reece, Peter J., Wang, Fan, McGloin, David, Ndukaife, Justus C., Quidant, Romain, Roberts, Reece P., Laplane, Cyril, Volz, Thomas, Gordon, Reuven, Hanstorp, Dag, Tello Marmolejo, Javier, Bruce, Graham D., Dholakia, Kishan, Li, Tongcang, Brzobohatý, Oto, Simpson, Stephen H., Zemánek, Pavel, Ritort, Félix, Roichman, Yael, Bobkova, Valeriia, Wittkowski, Raphael, Denz, Cornelia, Pavan Kumar, G. V., Foti, Antonino, Donato, Maria Grazia, Gucciardi, Pietro G., Gardini, Lucia, Bianchi, Giulio, Kashchuk, Anatolii V., Capitanio, Marco, Paterson, Lynn, Jones, Philip H., Berg-Sørensen, Kirstine, Barooji, Younes F., Oddershede, Lene B., Pouladian, Pegah, Preece, Daryl, Adiels, Caroline Beck, De Luca, Anna Chiara, Magazzù, Alessandro, Bronte Ciriza, David, Iatì, Maria Antonia, Swartzlander, Grover A., NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts, Australian Research Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Boğaziçi Üniversity, Novo Nordisk UK Research Foundation, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Wellcome Trust, Austrian Science Fund, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, European Commission, European Research Council, German Research Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Swedish Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Office of Naval Research (US), National Science Foundation (US), Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Science Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, University of Münster, Department of Science and Technology (India), Human Frontier Science Program, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Danish National Research Foundation, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Beckman Institute, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Volpe, Giovanni [0000-0001-5057-1846], Maragò, Onofrio M. [0000-0002-7220-8527], Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina [0000-0002-8332-2309], Stilgoe, Alexander B. [0000-0002-9299-5695], Volpe, Giorgio [0000-0001-9993-5348], Truong, Viet Giang [0000-0003-3589-7850], Chormaic, Síle Nic [0000-0003-4276-2014], Elahi, Parviz [0000-0003-3545-8436], Käll, Mikael [0000-0002-1163-0345], Callegari, Agnese [0000-0002-4488-4106], Neves, Antonio A. R. [0000-0002-2615-8573], Eismann, Jörg S. [0000-0002-2495-4613], Banzer, Peter [0000-0002-6336-6953], Roy, Basudev [0000-0003-0737-2889], Thalhammer-Thurner, Gregor [0000-0002-3948-8045], Ritsch-Marte, Monika [0000-0002-5945-546X], Pérez Castillo, Isaac0000-0001-7622-9440, Muenker, Till M. [0000-0003-3225-8746], Vos, Bart E. [0000-0002-4325-6298], Betz, Timo [0000-0002-1548-0655], Reece, Peter J. [0000-0003-4852-3735], McGloin, David [0000-0002-0075-4481], Gordon, Reuven [0000-0002-1485-6067], Bruce, Graham D. [0000-0003-3403-0614], Dholakia, Kishan [0000-0001-6534-9009], Roichman, Yael [0000-0003-1927-4506], Bobkova, Valeriia [0000-0003-4080-9069], Wittkowski, Raphael [0000-0003-4881-9173], Denz, Cornelia [0000-0002-7292-2499], Pavan Kumar, G. V. [0000-0002-4036-7187], Foti, Antonino [0000-0002-9824-3099], Donato, Maria Grazia [0000-0002-7580-3137], Gucciardi, Pietro G. [0000-0003-1826-9174], Gardini, Lucia [0000-0003-0923-9221], Kashchuk, Anatolii V. [0000-0002-2364-9393], Capitanio, Marco [0000-0002-9799-9353], Paterson, Lynn [0000-0003-0493-5041], Jones, Philip H. [0000-0002-0860-631X], Berg-Sørensen, Kirstine [0000-0002-9977-3980], Oddershede, Lene B. [0000-0003-2923-2844], Magazzù, Alessandro [0000-0003-1247-2702], Bronte Ciriza, David [0000-0002-5874-6601], Iatì, Maria Antonia [0000-0002-3576-8656], Swartzlander, Grover A. [0000-0003-3513-2225], Volpe, Giovanni, Maragò, Onofrio M., Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina, Pesce, Giuseppe, Stilgoe, Alexander B., Volpe, Giorgio, Tkachenko, Georgiy, Truong, Viet Giang, Chormaic, Síle Nic, Kalantarifard, Fatemeh, Elahi, Parviz, Käll, Mikael, Callegari, Agnese, Marqués, Manuel I., Neves, Antonio A. R., Moreira, Wendel L., Fontes, Adriana, César, Carlos L., Saija, Rosalba, Saidi, Abir, Beck, Paul, Eismann, Jörg S., Banzer, Peter, Fernandes, Thales F. D., Pedaci, Francesco, Bowen, Warwick P., Vaippully, Rahul, Lokesh, Muruga, Roy, Basudev, Thalhammer-Thurner, Gregor, Ritsch-Marte, Monika, Pérez García, Laura, Arzola, Alejandro V., Pérez Castillo, Isaac, Argun, Aykut, Muenker, Till M., Vos, Bart E., Betz, Timo, Cristiani, Ilaria, Minzioni, Paolo, Reece, Peter J., Wang, Fan, McGloin, David, Ndukaife, Justus C., Quidant, Romain, Roberts, Reece P., Laplane, Cyril, Volz, Thomas, Gordon, Reuven, Hanstorp, Dag, Tello Marmolejo, Javier, Bruce, Graham D., Dholakia, Kishan, Li, Tongcang, Brzobohatý, Oto, Simpson, Stephen H., Zemánek, Pavel, Ritort, Félix, Roichman, Yael, Bobkova, Valeriia, Wittkowski, Raphael, Denz, Cornelia, Pavan Kumar, G. V., Foti, Antonino, Donato, Maria Grazia, Gucciardi, Pietro G., Gardini, Lucia, Bianchi, Giulio, Kashchuk, Anatolii V., Capitanio, Marco, Paterson, Lynn, Jones, Philip H., Berg-Sørensen, Kirstine, Barooji, Younes F., Oddershede, Lene B., Pouladian, Pegah, Preece, Daryl, Adiels, Caroline Beck, De Luca, Anna Chiara, Magazzù, Alessandro, Bronte Ciriza, David, Iatì, Maria Antonia, and Swartzlander, Grover A.

Abstract

Optical tweezers are tools made of light that enable contactless pushing, trapping, and manipulation of objects, ranging from atoms to space light sails. Since the pioneering work by Arthur Ashkin in the 1970s, optical tweezers have evolved into sophisticated instruments and have been employed in a broad range of applications in the life sciences, physics, and engineering. These include accurate force and torque measurement at the femtonewton level, microrheology of complex fluids, single micro- and nano-particle spectroscopy, single-cell analysis, and statistical-physics experiments. This roadmap provides insights into current investigations involving optical forces and optical tweezers from their theoretical foundations to designs and setups. It also offers perspectives for applications to a wide range of research fields, from biophysics to space exploration.

Published
2023

34. Multiple Mechanisms in Proton-Induced Nucleon Removal at ∼100 MeV/Nucleon

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / German Research Foundation (DFG), European Union (UE). H2020, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research. Japón, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Junta de Andalucía, Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong. China, Research Grants Council (RGC). Hong Kong, Institute for Basic Science. Corea, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, Pohl, T., Sun, Y. L., Obertelli, A., Lee, J., Gómez Ramos, Mario, Ogata, K., Yoshida, K., Cai, B. S., Yuan, C. X., Brown, B. A., Zenihiro, J., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / German Research Foundation (DFG), European Union (UE). H2020, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research. Japón, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Junta de Andalucía, Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong. China, Research Grants Council (RGC). Hong Kong, Institute for Basic Science. Corea, National Science Foundation (NSF). United States, Pohl, T., Sun, Y. L., Obertelli, A., Lee, J., Gómez Ramos, Mario, Ogata, K., Yoshida, K., Cai, B. S., Yuan, C. X., Brown, B. A., and Zenihiro, J.

Abstract

We report on the first proton-induced single proton- and neutron-removal reactions from the neutron-deficient O14 nucleus with large Fermi-surface asymmetry Sn-Sp=18.6 MeV at ∼100 MeV/nucleon, a widely used energy regime for rare-isotope studies. The measured inclusive cross sections and parallel momentum distributions of the N13 and O13 residues are compared to the state-of-the-art reaction models, with nuclear structure inputs from many-body shell-model calculations. Our results provide the first quantitative contributions of multiple reaction mechanisms including the quasifree knockout, inelastic scattering, and nucleon transfer processes. It is shown that the inelastic scattering and nucleon transfer, usually neglected at such energy regime, contribute about 50% and 30% to the loosely bound proton and deeply bound neutron removal, respectively. These multiple reaction mechanisms should be considered in analyses of inclusive one-nucleon removal cross sections measured at intermediate energies for quantitative investigation of single-particle strengths and correlations in atomic nuclei.

Published
2023

37. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to a dark matter signal from the Galactic centre

Author

Australian Research Council, University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, University of New South Wales (Australia), University of Sydney, Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (Austria), University of Innsbruck, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Instituto Serrapilheira, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Space Agency, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Croatian Science Foundation, University of Zagreb, University of Rijeka, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Academy of Finland, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Max Planck Society, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Helmholtz Association, Department of Atomic Energy (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Tokyo, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Netherlands Research School for Astronomy, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, University of Oslo, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), National Science Centre (Poland), Slovenian Research Agency, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Comunidad de Madrid, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Acharyya, A., Agudo, Iván, Aguirre-Santaella, A., Ascasíbar, Y., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Fornieri, O., Gaggero, D., Gammaldi, Viviana, Pérez-Romero, J., Sánchez-Conde, Miguel A., CTA Consortium, Australian Research Council, University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, University of New South Wales (Australia), University of Sydney, Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (Austria), University of Innsbruck, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Instituto Serrapilheira, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Space Agency, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Croatian Science Foundation, University of Zagreb, University of Rijeka, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Academy of Finland, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Max Planck Society, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Helmholtz Association, Department of Atomic Energy (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Tokyo, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Netherlands Research School for Astronomy, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, University of Oslo, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), National Science Centre (Poland), Slovenian Research Agency, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Comunidad de Madrid, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Acharyya, A., Agudo, Iván, Aguirre-Santaella, A., Ascasíbar, Y., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Fornieri, O., Gaggero, D., Gammaldi, Viviana, Pérez-Romero, J., Sánchez-Conde, Miguel A., and CTA Consortium

Abstract

We provide an updated assessment of the power of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) to search for thermally produced dark matter at the TeV scale, via the associated gamma-ray signal from pair-annihilating dark matter particles in the region around the Galactic centre. We find that CTA will open a new window of discovery potential, significantly extending the range of robustly testable models given a standard cuspy profile of the dark matter density distribution. Importantly, even for a cored profile, the projected sensitivity of CTA will be sufficient to probe various well-motivated models of thermally produced dark matter at the TeV scale. This is due to CTA's unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolutions, and the planned observational strategy. The survey of the inner Galaxy will cover a much larger region than corresponding previous observational campaigns with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. CTA will map with unprecedented precision the large-scale diffuse emission in high-energy gamma rays, constituting a background for dark matter searches for which we adopt state-of-the-art models based on current data. Throughout our analysis, we use up-to-date event reconstruction Monte Carlo tools developed by the CTA consortium, and pay special attention to quantifying the level of instrumental systematic uncertainties, as well as background template systematic errors, required to probe thermally produced dark matter at these energies. © 2021 The Author(s).

Published
2021

38. Periodic Indefinite Sturm-Liouville Problems With One Turning Point

Author

Department of Science and Technology(DST), New Delhi., Thakar, Sarita; Department of Mathematics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Demanna, Pratiksha; Department of Mathematics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Department of Science and Technology(DST), New Delhi., Thakar, Sarita; Department of Mathematics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, and Demanna, Pratiksha; Department of Mathematics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur

Abstract

Multiplicity of eigenvalues of the regular indefinite Sturm- Liouville problem ?y"" + qy = ?wy on [a, b] subject to periodic boundary conditions is discussed. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of non-simple real eigenvalues is proved. Eigenfunctions corresponding to non-simple real eigenvalues are obtained. In this article, we discuss the interlacing property in one turning point case with periodic boundary conditions.

Published
2022

39. Past and future impacts of urbanisation on land surface temperature in Greater Cairo over a 45 year period

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt, National Research Centre (Egypt), Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Abd-Elmabod, Sameh K., Jiménez González, Marco A., Jordán López, Antonio, Zhang, Zhenhua, Mohamed, Elsayed S., Hammam, Amr A., Jones, Laurence, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt, National Research Centre (Egypt), Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Abd-Elmabod, Sameh K., Jiménez González, Marco A., Jordán López, Antonio, Zhang, Zhenhua, Mohamed, Elsayed S., Hammam, Amr A., and Jones, Laurence

Abstract

Rapid and unplanned urbanisation can lead to altered local climate by increasing land surface temperature (LST), particularly in summer months. This study investigates the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Greater Cairo, Egypt, using remote sensing techniques to estimate LST of summer months over 45 years (1986, 2000, 2017, and predicted year 2030). The research objectives and steps were, 1- mapped land use/ land cover (LULC), 2- conducted spatiotemporal analysis of LST, with a comparison of change in LST across different land cover types, 3- predicted future LST for 2030, and 4- examined this temporal change for a hot-spot area (ring road) and a cool-spot area (the River Nile). The results showed that urban areas have increased over the last 30 years by 179.9 km2 (13 %), while agriculture areas decreased by 148 km2 (12 %) and water bodies decreased by 6 km2 (0.5 %). The mean LST over Greater Cairo increased over time, from 31.3 °C (1986) to 36.0 °C (2017) and is predicted to reach 37.9 °C in 2030. While a notable rise of mean LST in the Cairo ring road buffer zone (88 km2), where it was 31.1 °C (1986), and 37 °C (2017) due to the triple increase of urban areas on account of agriculture areas, and the LST it may reach 38.9 °C by 2030. The mean LST increased slightly more in urban hot-spot areas than in cooler cultivated areas. UHI may induce a modification in the local climate that can negatively affect agricultural land, and human thermal comfort and unfortunately lead to a less sustainable environment.

Published
2022

40. Electrochemical conversion of alcohols into acidic commodities on nickel sulfide nanoparticles

Author

Chengdu University, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Sichuan University, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), China Scholarship Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Li, Junshan, Tian, Xi, Wang, Xiang, Zhang, Ting, Spadaro, Maria Chiara, Arbiol, Jordi, Li, Luming, Zuo, Yong, Cabot, Andreu, Chengdu University, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Sichuan University, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), China Scholarship Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Li, Junshan, Tian, Xi, Wang, Xiang, Zhang, Ting, Spadaro, Maria Chiara, Arbiol, Jordi, Li, Luming, Zuo, Yong, and Cabot, Andreu

Abstract

The electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols is a potentially cost-effective strategy for the synthesis of valuable chemicals at the anode while simultaneously generating hydrogen at the cathode. For this approach to become commercially viable, high-activity, low-cost, and stable catalysts need to be developed. Herein, we demonstrate an electrocatalyst based on earth-abundant nickel and sulfur elements. Experimental investigations reveal the produced NiS displays excellent electrocatalytic performance associated with a higher electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and the presence of sulfate ions on the formed NiOOH surface in basic media. The current densities reached for the oxidation of ethanol and methanol at 1.6 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) are up to 175.5 and 145.1 mA cm–2, respectively. At these high current densities, the Faradaic efficiency of methanol to formate conversion is 98% and that of ethanol to acetate is 81%. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate the presence of the generated sulfate groups to modify the electronic properties of the NiOOH surface, improving electroconductivity and electron transfer. Besides, calculations are used to determine the reaction energy barriers, revealing the dehydrogenation of ethoxy groups to be more favorable than that of methoxy on the catalyst surface, which explains the highest current densities obtained for ethanol oxidation.

Published
2022

41. Cobalt molybdenum nitride-based nanosheets for seawater splitting

Author

China Scholarship Council, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Wang, Xiang, Han, Xu, Du, Ruifeng, Xing, Congcong, Qi, Xueqiang, Liang, Zhifu, Guardia, Pablo, Arbiol, Jordi, Cabot, Andreu, Li, Junshan, China Scholarship Council, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Wang, Xiang, Han, Xu, Du, Ruifeng, Xing, Congcong, Qi, Xueqiang, Liang, Zhifu, Guardia, Pablo, Arbiol, Jordi, Cabot, Andreu, and Li, Junshan

Abstract

The development of cost-effective bifunctional catalysts for water electrolysis is both a crucial necessity and an exciting scientific challenge. Herein, a simple approach based on a metal–organic framework sacrificial template to preparing cobalt molybdenum nitride supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets is reported. The porous structure of produced composite enables fast reaction kinetics, enhanced stability, and high corrosion resistance in critical seawater conditions. The cobalt molybdenum nitride-based electrocatalyst is tested toward both oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction half-reactions using the seawater electrolyte, providing excellent performances that are rationalized using density functional theory. Subsequently, the nitride composite is tested as a bifunctional catalyst for the overall splitting of KOH-treated seawater from the Mediterranean Sea. The assembled system requires overpotentials of just 1.70 V to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm–2 in 1 M KOH seawater and continuously works for over 62 h. This work demonstrates the potential of transition-metal nitrides for seawater splitting and represents a step forward toward the cost-effective implementation of this technology.

Published
2022

42. Nonlinear thermal responses outweigh water limitation in the attenuated effect of climatic warming on photosynthesis in northern ecosystems

Author

Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundación Ramón Areces, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Yin, Gaofei, Verger, Aleixandre, Descals, Adrià, Filella, Iolanda, Peñuelas, Josep, Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundación Ramón Areces, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Yin, Gaofei, Verger, Aleixandre, Descals, Adrià, Filella, Iolanda, and Peñuelas, Josep

Abstract

Plant photosynthesis is strongly limited by temperature at high northern latitudes. The temperature sensitivity of plant photosynthesis in scenarios of future climatic warming, however, is highly uncertain. We used sun-induced fluorescence—a satellite proxy for plant photosynthesis—to analyze the spatiotemporal response of photosynthesis to temperature at high northern latitudes. We detected a widespread decline in the sensitivity of photosynthesis to temperature during the last two decades: 3.25 versus 2.19%/°C, in the 2000s and 2010s, respectively. We used methods of machine learning and temporal composition to characterize the contribution of nonlinear thermal responses and water limitation. Both methods consistently identified the nonlinear thermal responses as the main driver of the attenuated positive warming effect. We highlighted the traditionally temperature-limited ecosystems at high northern latitudes may be approaching the temperature tipping point, beyond which the warming effect on plant photosynthesis would transition from positive to negative.

Published
2022

43. Experimental and theoretical work on reverse osmosis - Dual stage pressure retarded osmosis hybrid system

Author

Australian Government, Department of Science and Technology (India), Altaee, Ali [0000-0001-9764-3974], Bartocci, Pietro [0000-0002-9888-6852], Ibrar, Ibrar [0000-0001-7460-944X], Samal, Akshaya K. [0000-0002-7623-3711], Fantozzi, Francesco [0000-0002-8674-8364], Al-Zainati, Nahawand, Senthilmurugan, Subbiah, Yadav, Sudesh, Altaee, Ali, Bartocci, Pietro, Ibrar, Ibrar, Zhou, John, Samal, Akshaya K., Fantozzi, Francesco, Australian Government, Department of Science and Technology (India), Altaee, Ali [0000-0001-9764-3974], Bartocci, Pietro [0000-0002-9888-6852], Ibrar, Ibrar [0000-0001-7460-944X], Samal, Akshaya K. [0000-0002-7623-3711], Fantozzi, Francesco [0000-0002-8674-8364], Al-Zainati, Nahawand, Senthilmurugan, Subbiah, Yadav, Sudesh, Altaee, Ali, Bartocci, Pietro, Ibrar, Ibrar, Zhou, John, Samal, Akshaya K., and Fantozzi, Francesco

Abstract

Two-pass reverse osmosis desalination is a common process to treat high-salinity feed solution and provides a low-salinity permeate solution. This study investigated the significance of the energy generated by the dual-stage pressure retarded osmosis (DSPRO) from the reverse osmosis (RO) brine stream. The main components of the DSPRO-RO hybrid system are RO, pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), and energy recovery device, and their models are determined. Dymola software, using Modelica modelling language, was utilized for solving the hybrid system models. Two different flowsheets were built; the first included a two-pass RO, while the second is a hybrid of a two-pass RO (2RO)-DSPRO system. Seawater salinities of 40 and 45 g/L were the RO feed solution, and 1 g/L tertiary treated wastewater was the feed solution of the DSPRO process. The net specific energy consumption was calculated for the 2RO and 2RO-DSPRO systems for 40 and 45 g/L salinities. At a 47 % recovery rate and 40 g/L seawater salinity, the 2RO-DSPRO system was 14.7 % more energy efficient than the 2RO system. The corresponding energy saving at a 47 % recovery rate and 45 g/L seawater salinity was 17.5 %. The desalination energy for the 2RO system was between 3.25 and 3.49 kWh/m3, and for the 2RO-DSPRO system was between 2.91 and 2.97 kWh/m3. The results demonstrate the great potential of integrating the 2RO with the DSPRO to reduce desalination's energy consumption and environmental impacts.

Published
2022

44. Spin reorientation in CoV2O4 thin film: A first principles study

Author

Ministry of Education (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Sharma, Mukesh, Krishna, Jyoti, Maitra, Tulika, Ministry of Education (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Sharma, Mukesh, Krishna, Jyoti, and Maitra, Tulika

Abstract

Spinel vanadates (AV2O4) are a class of materials where an interesting interplay between spin and orbital degrees of freedom on a frustrated lattice is manifested in the multiple structural and magnetic phase transitions. CoV2O4 is unique among the spinel vanadates as it shows no or very weak cubic to tetragonal structural phase transition but two magnetic (paramagnetic to collinear ferrimagnetic and collinear to noncollinear ferrimagnetic) phase transitions at lower temperatures in its bulk form. In a recent experiment (Thompson et al., Phys. Rev. Mater. 2 (2018) 104411), an epitaxial thin film of CoV2O4 grown on the SrTiO3 (001) substrate, is observed to have an orthorhombic structural phase accompanied by a noncollinear magnetic state where the spin moments of Co and V are reoriented from [001] (seen in the bulk form) to the [110] direction. In this work, we have explored the mechanism behind this complex spin-reorientation and noncollinear magnetic ground state by investigating the electronic structure, magnetic, and structural properties of CoV2O4 in its orthorhombic phase and compared with the corresponding properties of the cubic phase using the first principles density functional theory. Our GGA+U+SO calculations on orthorhombic CoV2O4 reveal that spin moments prefer to lie in the ab-plane with the crystallographic b-direction being the preferred direction in the collinear ferrimagnetic state where it has a larger band gap and orbital moment (of V) as compared to the cases with spin moments aligned parallel to a and c-directions. We further observe competing magnetic exchange interaction values in orthorhombic phase when the spins lie in the ab-plane giving rise to more frustration and hence more canting in the non-collinear magnetic ground stateas compared to the cubic phase, consistent with experiment. With the help of source-free exchange–correlation (XC) functional we were able to capture the non-collinear magnetic ground state and the spin-reorientation

Published
2022

45. Decoupling of glassy dynamics from viscosity in thin supported poly(n-butyl methacrylate) films

Author

Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Princeton University, National Science Foundation (US), Materials Research Science & Engineering Center (US), Eusko Jaurlaritza, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Chowdhury, Mithun, Monnier, Xavier, Cangialosi, Daniele, Priestley, Rodney D., Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Princeton University, National Science Foundation (US), Materials Research Science & Engineering Center (US), Eusko Jaurlaritza, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Chowdhury, Mithun, Monnier, Xavier, Cangialosi, Daniele, and Priestley, Rodney D.

Abstract

We utilized fast scanning calorimetry to characterize the glass transition temperature (Tg) and intrinsic molecular mobility of low-molecular-weight poly(n-butyl methacrylate) thin films of varying thicknesses. We found that the Tg and intrinsic molecular mobility were coupled, showing no film thickness-dependent variation. We further employed a unique noncontact capillary nanoshearing technique to directly probe layer-resolved gradients in the rheological response of these films. We found that layer-resolved shear mobility was enhanced with a reduction in film thickness, whereas the effective viscosity decreased. Our results highlight the importance of polymer–substrate attractive interactions and free surface-promoted enhanced mobility, establishing a competitive nanoconfinement effect in poly(n-butyl methacrylate) thin films. Moreover, the findings indicate a decoupling in the thickness-dependent variation of Tg and intrinsic molecular mobility with the mechanical responses (shear mobility and effective viscosity).

Published
2022

46. Nanocoral architecture for enhanced hydrazine assisted water oxidation: Insight from experiment and theory

Author

Department of Science and Technology (India), Universidad de Zaragoza, Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Sethulakshmi, Narayanan, Nellaiappan, Subramanian, Kechanda Prasanna, Ponnappa, Das, Tisita, Irusta, Silvia, Chakraborty, Sudip, Sharma, Sudhanshu, Department of Science and Technology (India), Universidad de Zaragoza, Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Sethulakshmi, Narayanan, Nellaiappan, Subramanian, Kechanda Prasanna, Ponnappa, Das, Tisita, Irusta, Silvia, Chakraborty, Sudip, and Sharma, Sudhanshu

Abstract

Hydrothermally synthesized nanocoral structures of copper-cobalt sulfide is identified as a novel catalyst for electrocatalytic splitting of hydrazine (N2H4) in both basic and neutral mediums. Electrochemical studies in basic medium indicated that electrocatalytic splitting of hydrazine occurs at a much lower potential 0.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in copper-cobalt sulfide in comparison to cobalt sulfide. Gaseous analysis reveals formation of oxygen at near thermodynamic voltage of 1.23 V. Experimental observations revealed the influence of hydrazine electro-oxidation on water splitting reaction. Adsorption energy of N2H4 on catalyst surface and projected density of states from computational studies using Density Function Theory (DFT) proved higher activity for copper-cobalt sulfide catalyst for the electrocatalytic splitting of Hydrazine. Plausible mechanism is depicted based upon the experimental observations.

Published
2022

47. Molecular insights into the physics of poly(amidoamine)-dendrimer-based supercapacitors

Author

Ministry of Science and Technology (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Maity, Tarun, Gosika, Mounika, Pascal, Tod A., Maiti, Prabal K., Ministry of Science and Technology (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Maity, Tarun, Gosika, Mounika, Pascal, Tod A., and Maiti, Prabal K.

Abstract

Increasing the energy density in electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), also known as supercapacitors, remains an active area of research. Specifically, there is a need to design and discover electrode and electrolyte materials with enhanced electrochemical storage capacity. Here, using fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate the performance of hyper-branched “poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM)” dendrimer as an electrolyte and an electrode coating material in a graphene-based supercapacitor. We investigate the performance of the capacitor using two different modeling approaches, namely the constant charge method (CCM) and the constant potential method (CPM). These simulations facilitated the direct calculation of the charge density, electrostatic potential, and field, and hence the differential capacitance. We found that the presence of the dendrimer in the electrodes and the electrolyte increased the capacitance by about 65.25% and 99.15%, respectively, compared with the bare graphene electrode-based aqueous EDLCs. Further analysis revealed that these increases were due to the enhanced electrostatic screening and reorganization of the double-layer structure of the dendrimer-based electrolyte.

Published
2022

48. Enhanced room-temperature spin-valley coupling in V-doped MoS2

Author

Department of Atomic Energy (India), Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Universidad de Zaragoza, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Gobierno de Aragón, European Commission, Diputación General de Aragón, Sahoo, Krishna Rani, Panda, Janmey Jay, Bawari, Sumit, Sharma, Rahul, Maity, Dipak, Lal, Ashique, Arenal, Raúl, Rajalaksmi, G., Narayanan, Tharangattu N., Department of Atomic Energy (India), Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Universidad de Zaragoza, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Gobierno de Aragón, European Commission, Diputación General de Aragón, Sahoo, Krishna Rani, Panda, Janmey Jay, Bawari, Sumit, Sharma, Rahul, Maity, Dipak, Lal, Ashique, Arenal, Raúl, Rajalaksmi, G., and Narayanan, Tharangattu N.

Abstract

Achieving room-temperature valley polarization in two-dimensional (2D) atomic layers (2D materials) by substitutional doping opens new avenues of applications. Here, monolayer MoS2, when doped with vanadium at low (0.1 atomic %) concentrations, is shown to exhibit high spin-valley coupling, and hence a high degree of valley polarization at room-temperature. The atomic layers of MoS2 (MS) and V-doped MoS2 (VMS) are grown via the chemical vapor deposition-assisted method. The formation of new energy states near the valence band is confirmed from band gap calculations and also from the density functional theory–based band structure analyses. Time-reversal symmetry broken energy shift in the equivalent valleys is predicted in VMS, and the room-temperature chirality-controlled photoluminescent (PL) excitation measurements indicate such a shift in valley exciton energies (∼35 meV). An enhanced valley polarization in VMS (∼42%) is observed in comparison to that in MS (<12%), while in MS, the chirality-controlled excitations did not show the difference in emission energies. Spin Hall effect of light–based optical rotation measurements indicate the asymmetric absorption among the two different chiralities of the incident light, hence supporting the existence of room-temperature valley polarization. This study opens possibilities of room-temperature opto-spintronics using stable 2D materials.

Published
2022

49. Strontium-deficient SrxCoO2-CoO2 nanotubes as a high ampacity and high conductivity material

Author

Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Aragón, European Research Council, Diputación General de Aragón, Roy, Kankona Singha, Hettler, Simon, Arenal, Raúl, Panchakarla, Leela S., Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Aragón, European Research Council, Diputación General de Aragón, Roy, Kankona Singha, Hettler, Simon, Arenal, Raúl, and Panchakarla, Leela S.

Abstract

Continuous miniaturization of electronics demands the development of interconnectors with high ampacity and high conductivity, which conventional conductors such as copper and gold cannot offer. Here we report the synthesis of Sr-deficient misfit SrxCoO2–CoO2 nanotubes by a novel crystal conversion method and investigate their electrical properties. Bulk Sr6Co5O15 having a quasi-one-dimensional CoO6 polyhedral structure (face-sharing octahedron and trigonal prismatic CoO6 arranged in one-dimension) is converted to SrxCoO2–CoO2 nanotubes where CoO2 adopts a two-dimensional edge-sharing CoO2 layered structure in a basic hydrothermal process. Electrical properties measured on individual nanotubes demonstrate that these nanotubes are semiconducting with a conductivity of 1.28 × 104 S cm−1 and an ampacity of 109 A cm−2, which is the highest reported ampacity value to date of any inorganic oxide-based material. The nanotubes also show a breakdown power per unit channel length (P/L) of ∼38.3 W cm−1, the highest among the regularly used interconnect materials. The above results demonstrate that SrxCoO2–CoO2 nanotubes are potential building blocks for high-power electronic applications.

Published
2022

50. Multiwavelength analysis of short GRB 201221D and its comparison with other high & low redshift short GRBs

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Department of Science and Technology (India), Dimple, Misra, K., Kann, D.A., Arun, K. G., Ghosh, A., Gupta, R., Resmi, L., Agüı́ Fernández, J. F., Thöne, Cristina Carina, de Ugarte Postigo, A., Pandey, Shashi Bhushan, Yadav, L., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Department of Science and Technology (India), Dimple, Misra, K., Kann, D.A., Arun, K. G., Ghosh, A., Gupta, R., Resmi, L., Agüı́ Fernández, J. F., Thöne, Cristina Carina, de Ugarte Postigo, A., Pandey, Shashi Bhushan, and Yadav, L.

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of short GRB 201221D lying at redshift z = 1.045. We analyse the high-energy data of the burst and compare it with the sample of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs). The prompt emission characteristics are typical of those seen in the case of other SGRBs except for the peak energy (Ep), which lies at the softer end (generally observed in the case of long bursts). We estimate the host galaxy properties by utilizing the Python-based software Prospector to fit the spectral energy distribution of the host. The burst lies at a high redshift relative to the SGRB sample with a median redshift of z = 0.47. We compare the burst characteristics with other SGRBs with known redshifts along with GRB 200826A (SGRB originated from a collapsar). A careful examination of the characteristics of SGRBs at different redshifts reveals that some of the SGRBs lying at high redshifts have properties similar to long GRBs indicating they might have originated from collapsars. Further study of these GRBs can help to explore the broad picture of progenitor systems of SGRBs. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

Published
2022

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