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Background: Burnout is prevalent in medical training, and some data indicates certain personality types are more susceptible. The criterion reference for measurement of burnout is the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which scores three factors: emotional exhaustion (EE); depersonalization (DP); and personal accomplishment (PA). Emotional exhaustion most closely correlates with burnout. Studies have yet to evaluate a link between burnout markers and certain personality traits in emergency medicine (EM) residents. The personality traits of openness, agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism can be measured with a 50-item International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) Big 5 survey. Our goal in this study was to be the first to examine the relationship between personality traits and burnout among EM residents and guide future research on potential predictors of burnout and targeted interventions for resident well-being.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted in March and April of 2023 in an urban, Level II trauma center, involving all EM residents at a three-year residency program. Two surveys, the IPIP and MBI-Human Services Survey, were distributed to all residents, and their responses were anonymous. We calculated raw/mean scores and standard deviations for each personality trait/burnout measure and compared them by the Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: All 38 residents completed the surveys. A total of 31% of the cohort reported high exhaustion, 13% reported high DP, and 42% reported low PA. Two of 38 (5%) residents reported the combination of high EE, high DP, and low PA. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between conscientiousness and EE (n = 38; Pearson r = −0.40, P < 0.001) and a positive correlation between conscientiousness and PA (n = 38; Pearson r = 0.36, P = 0.03).Conclusion: In our sample, residents who were more conscientious reported experiencing lower levels of emotional exhaustion and a greater sense of personal accomplishment. Programs may cautiously explore the potential of assessing resident personality traits as part of broader efforts to identify predictors of burnout, but further research with larger, multicenter, longitudinal samples is needed to corroborate these results. The small sample size and single-center design may limit generalizability of these findings, and the use of self-reported measures introduces the risk of response bias.

Background: Nursing students worldwide are exposed to burnout syndrome resulting from constant academic and clinical stressors. The consequences of student burnout can be related to the student's mental and physical health. Burnout may affect the learning process, achieving professional skills, and future effectiveness while working with a patient and, eventually, might lead to the decision to quit the job. This study aims to analyze the intensity of burnout syndrome among undergraduate nursing students based on their year of study (1), establishing the impact of stress, anxiety, insomnia, and selected sociodemographic variables on the level of burnout (2) and establishing a student profile predestined to be affected by burnout (3). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 841 bachelor's degree nursing students from March 2022 to June 2022. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, Athens Insomnia Scale, Modified Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale were used. Results: High levels of emotional exhaustion were found in 40.9% and depersonalization in 20.33%, while low personal accomplishment was found in 16.88% of the students. Students of nursing in Year 2 presented the highest levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and achieved significantly higher scores on the Athens Insomnia Scale. The determinants of burnout syndrome identified by the regression analysis were: sociodemographic factors (age, gender, and financial resources), the factors connected with the studying environment (year of studies and clinical and academic stressors), and emotional/mental/interpersonal factors (anxiety, depression, insomnia, and intensity of stress related to life situations). Conclusion: The academic community should be encouraged to create a more supportive environment for students, which will ultimately prevent dropouts and increase the number of nursing professionals in the Polish healthcare system. We recommended carrying out regular screening tests for burnout, insomnia, anxiety, stress, and depression (e.g., once a year) among students. Depending on the results of the tests, implementation of interventions aiming at reducing the negative outcomes of burnout syndrome and promoting well-being and adaptive management mechanisms should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Burnout in the Emergency Department" by Ellen Feldman, MD, discusses the concept of burnout, its impact on emergency medicine providers, and strategies to mitigate it. Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, often resulting from work-related stressors. The article emphasizes the need for both individual and systemic interventions to address burnout effectively. It also highlights the distinction between burnout and depression, providing resources and support for healthcare providers experiencing burnout. The text also explores the role of technology, such as AI, in alleviating burnout among medical professionals. [Extracted from the article]

Facial photo-to-sketch synthesis is crucial for entertainment and criminal investigations, yet challenges persist, including local detail blurring and identity feature loss. To mitigate these problems in face sketch synthesis, We propose a technique for synthesizing photographic sketches of faces using generative adversarial networks that focus on image localization to extract and preserve image identity features – namely LEPGAN. Our method introduces an image local extraction module, an attention mechanism in the generator, and an extended U-Net structure to enhance critical image features and preserve identity information. Multi-scale perceptual and local loss functions further enhance synthetic image quality. LEPGAN outperforms existing methods, producing images with crisper facial details that closely align with human visual perception, effectively preserving unique identity characteristics. Our approach represents a significant advancement in face sketch synthesis for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning is predicated on turning towards new ideas and competences, and thus turning away from previous practices. Thus, with learning comes its necessary twin: forgetting. It is a mixed bag of blessings, for individuals as well as for organizations. On the one hand, it is argued that organizational forgetting helps to prevent further reproduction of old pathologies. On the other, it may signify loss of communal identity and discontinuity. The managerialist turn under neoliberalism brought a dogma of imperative of constant change, which results in erosion and disintegration of structures and communities and undermines resistance. This article is focussed on the idea of learning differently, which incorporates forgetting but with an awareness and reflexivity of what is being lost. The curating of memory helps not just to preserve memories and knowledge but to rediscover the past for the needs of the present. Learning differently requires a thoughtful relationship with the past and may support regeneration, instead of linear change management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cellular interactions controlling digit numbers and identities have remained largely elusive. Here, we leverage the anterior digit and identity loss in Grem1 tetradactyl mouse limb buds to identify early specified limb bud mesenchymal progenitor (LMP) populations whose size and distribution is governed by spatial modulation of BMP activity and SHH signaling. Distal-autopodial LMPs (dLMP) express signature genes required for autopod and digit development, and alterations affecting the dLMP population size prefigure the changes in digit numbers that characterize specific congenital malformations. A second, peripheral LMP (pLMP) population is anteriorly biased and reduction/loss of its asymmetric distribution underlies the loss of middle digit asymmetry and identities in Grem1 tetradactyl and pig limb buds. pLMPs depend on BMP activity, while dLMPs require GREM1-mediated BMP antagonism. Taken together, the spatial alterations in GREM1 antagonism in mouse mutant and evolutionarily diversified pig limb buds tunes BMP activity, which impacts dLMP and pLMP populations in an opposing manner. The initial cellular alterations underlying changes in digit numbers and identities were unknown. Here, Palacio et al. identify two limb bud progenitor populations that are impacted in an opposing manner by changes in BMP antagonism linked to congenital and evolutionary digit variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an existential framework for understanding loss and grief. Since not all experiences of loss lead to grief, I begin by exploring what constitutes grievable losses. The dominant approach in grief research has been to understand grief in terms of bereavement. In light of emerging discourses on living and non-death losses, this approach no longer seems tenable, and the contemporary debate requires an account of grievability that extends beyond bereavement. In response to this challenge, I propose a two-part existential framework. The first part introduces mourning as a ground attunement, suggesting that our finitude is the basis for generalized experiences of loss. The second part posits that specific grievable losses reflect a loss of identity. To explain this, I introduce the concept of existential identity and four associated axes susceptible to loss. Lastly, I demonstrate how this framework can be used to analyze loss as complex existential experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of studies have been investigating the co-occurrence of posttraumatic symptoms and dissociation in trauma-exposed samples. As traumatized refugees are particularly susceptible to developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PTSD and dissociation in a traumatized refugee sample. Cross-sectional data from a clinical refugee sample (N = 526) were collected. Latent class analysis (LCA) examined different classes of PTSD, based on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) items. Subsequently, it was examined whether cumulative trauma, sexual trauma and general psychopathology predicted class membership. The LCA identified five classes. The classes were summarized as (1) “High PTSD,” (2) “Moderate PTSD,” (3) “High PTSD with high loss of interest,” (4) “High PTSD with moderate loss of interest,” and (5) “PTSD-DS.” PTSD DS (10% of the sample) was characterized by high PTSD symptoms, as well as high depersonalization and derealization symptoms. The majority (61.4%) of this group has been exposed to sexual trauma. Overall endorsement of PTSD symptoms was extremely high in this clinical sample of refugees. A group evidencing the PTSD dissociative subtype was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor sleep quality has been linked to both poor psychological and physical well-being. Mood and anxiety levels are affected by poor quality sleep, and the relationship between these variables appears to be mediated by a tendency to depersonalize or not. This study examines these relationships in 112 Adults (Female = 82, Male = 30), via an online study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnaire4, Cambridge Depersonalization Scale-9, and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 were administered using the Gorilla platform. The following variables were analyzed using correlation statistics, and mediation analyses: sleep quality, anxiety, depression, somatic pain, and depersonalization. Poor sleep quality was associated with higher levels of all psychological variables. As predicted, depersonalization mediated the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety, depression and somatic concerns. The findings indicate that sleep quality and the mediating effect of depersonalization have a significant impact on psychological well-being in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the Schrödinger–Poisson–Slater equation involving the Coulomb–Sobolev exponent. We apply the concentration compactness principle and the Pohožaev-type identity to overcome loss of compactness caused by the Coulomb exponent and obtain a ground state solution, which generalizes and improves some recent results in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Occupational burnout poses a significant burden to healthcare personnel, institutions, and service users. Anesthesia technologists and technicians work in the shadow of the perioperative team, and a lack of attention to anesthesia support personnel may pose a significant risk to their wellbeing and the quality of care delivered. To date, only a few studies have investigated the prevalence of burnout among anesthesia technologists and technicians worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence and contributing factors to burnout among anesthesia technologists and technicians in a single tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study utilized the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) to assess burnout and a 10-point scale to assess stress levels. The MBI-HSS inventory consists of three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify correlates of each burnout subscale. Gender was included in the multivariable regression analysis in addition to significant variables from univariable analysis. Results: A total of 89 participants completed the survey. Based on each subscale of the MBI-HSS, more than 60% of the participants reported high to moderate EE, and more than half reported high to moderate DP. For PA, only 25.8% of participants reported low PA. We found that age (β = −0.58, 95% CI: −0.95, −0.20; p = 0.003) and stress (β = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.1, 4.5; p < 0.001) were independently associated with EE. In addition, night shift (β = 3.3, 95% CI: 0.44, 6.1; p = 0.024) and stress (β = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.13, 1.3; p = 0.017) were independently associated with DP. Independent factors for PA were identified including night shifts (β = 6.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 12; p = 0.014) and stress levels (β = −1.3, 95% CI: −2.4, −0.12; p = 0.03). Conclusions: This research underscores the alarmingly high prevalence of burnout and the strong link between elevated EE and DP rates and workplace stress, emphasizing the necessity to identify and mitigate these stressors. It is therefore crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of the current wellbeing and mental health initiatives and programs in Saudi Arabia to ensure that they address evolving challenges and the overall mental health of healthcare personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate-induced migration is increasingly affecting communities, disrupting livelihoods, and intensifying socio-economic inequalities, particularly in disaster-prone regions. Despite the prevalence of recurring flood hazards, there remains limited research on the multi-dimensional impacts of migration particularly in socio-culturally sensitive and resource-constrained settings like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. This study seeks to bridge this gap by exploring the post-migration challenges of flood-affected communities in District Nowshera. Using a qualitative methodology, we conducted in-depth interviews with 25 diverse key informants. The study results revealed profound socioeconomic instability, inadequate access to essential services, and cultural disruptions. Key findings include significant challenges such as inadequate housing, the loss of traditional livelihoods, persistent financial hardships, health issues, and the breakdown of social support networks. Moreover, displaced families face marginalization and language barriers, which hinder integration into host communities, amplifying feelings of isolation and identity loss. Environmental degradation in resettlement areas further intensifies these challenges, prolonging poor living conditions and heightened vulnerability. To address these issues, the study recommends community-based interventions such as developing resilient, culturally appropriate housing, implementing targeted skills training programs to restore livelihoods, promoting climate-smart agricultural practices, and enacting inclusive social policies to promote integration and cohesion to address climate-induced migration in disaster-prone regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sense of body ownership has been studied using rubber hand illusion (RHI) and full-body illusion (FBI). It has recently become clear that consciously interpreting a fake body as one's own in a top-down manner influences these body illusions. Furthermore, a study interestingly found that the influence of top-down interpretation was moderated by the degree of depersonalization, which was a symptom of a lack of sense of body ownership. In a case study on depersonalization, the top-down interpretation of one's body was suggested to be a negative physical state that made it difficult to feel a sense of body ownership. However, this has not been examined. We examined the influence of negative top-down interpretation using an FBI procedure. A fake body was instructed to be viewed as a negative self-body ("view the virtual body's back while regarding the virtual body as your own experiencing abdominal pain"). To examine the influence of a negative top-down interpretation, participants were instructed to interpret the body as their own (neutral self-body) as a control condition. We used skin conductance responses to a fearful stimulus presented after an illusion procedure to measure the degree of FBI experienced. Results indicated a significant difference in the skin conductance response between the synchronous and asynchronous presentation of visual-tactile stimuli in the control condition, which confirmed the occurrence of the illusion. However, the occurrence of the illusion was not confirmed when the participants were instructed to interpret the virtual body as their own in a negative physical state, and the degree of FBI was smaller than the control condition. Our finding that an FBI was inhibited by manipulation of the top-down interpretation suggested that it could be a factor that inhibited the creation of a sense of body ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current treatments for retinal degenerative diseases are limited and cell replacement therapies, in tandem with a supportive biomaterial scaffold, serve as a promising emerging option. However, the development and in vitro testing of these therapies require large quantities of human retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) to thoroughly assess the impact of material properties, culture conditions, and surgical parameters on cell survival and fate to refine and optimize this approach. Although induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an ideal cell source for human RPC derivation, large-scale production is resource-intensive and requires specialized expertise. In this study, our objective was to address this barrier by creating conditional, Tet-On SV40-T immortalized RPCs derived from human iPSCs. In our approach, we employ the Tet-On system to conditionally immortalize RPCs by inducing a SV40 large T (SV40-T) antigen, a gene known to influence cell cycle regulation and differentiation. We transduced human iPSCs with the Tet-On SV40-T system and analyzed their proliferation and RPC differentiation capabilities in the presence and absence of doxycycline (a tetracycline class of antibiotics). Our results revealed that while SV40-T immortalization increased cell proliferation, it adversely impacted the expression of crucial RPC markers (PAX6, SOX2, CHX10), leading to a significant loss of RPC identity and multipotency. This de-differentiation was irreversible, even after removing doxycycline, indicating permanent alterations in differentiation potential. Overall, this study highlights the challenges associated with generating and maintaining an immortal human RPC cell line, particularly with respect to balancing proliferation and differentiation. Our findings prompt further research into optimizing conditional immortalization techniques, culture conditions, and proliferation timing to maintain the integrity and functional characteristics of RPCs. Such advancements are crucial for reducing labor and costs associated with in vitro testing of therapeutics as we work toward the development of improved stem cell-based interventions for retinal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aimed to assess the psychometric properties and methodological quality of existing dissociation measures. MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched in May 2023 using comprehensive search terms for 'dissociation' combined with terms for 'measurement' and 'psychometric properties'. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023423485) and followed PRISMA and COSMIN guidelines. We assessed content validity, structural validity, cross-cultural validity, and different indices of reliability comprising 1) reliability (test-retest, inter-rater, intra-rater), 2) internal consistency, and 3) measurement error. Of 7570 studies, 170 were eligible, revealing 44 measures of dissociation (86% trait dissociation, 14% state dissociation) and their 14 adapted versions. None of the measures met all COSMIN criteria for good psychometric properties and high methodological quality. Overall, methodological quality was rated as follows: 'doubtful' for content validity, 'adequate' for measurement error and cross-cultural validity, and 'very good' for structural validity and internal consistency. Most included studies did not assess the reliability of investigated measures. The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), adolescent DES, Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire, Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire-20, and Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale demonstrated strong evidence for measuring general, child/adolescent, trauma-related (state) or somatoform dissociation, and depersonalisation, respectively. Future research should refine or develop dissociation measures following COSMIN guidelines to ensure robust methodology and psychometric properties. • We reviewed the properties and quality of existing dissociation measures. • 44 measures and 14 adapted versions were found, most assessing trait dissociation. • Only one measure for adolescent dissociation (A-DES) met all COSMIN psychometric and quality criteria. • The Dissociative Experiences Scale is the strongest measure of trait dissociation. • Further validation and development of dissociation measures is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will argue for two interrelated theses. First, if we take phenomenological psychopathology seriously, and want to understand what it is like to undergo various psychopathological experiences, we cannot treat madpeople's testimony as mere data for sane clinicians, philosophers, and other scholars to analyze and interpret. Madpeople must be involved with analysis an interpretation too. Second, sane clinicians and scholars must open their minds to the possibility that there may be experiences that other people have, which they nevertheless cannot conceive of. I look at influential texts in which philosophers attempt to analyze and understand depersonalization and thought insertion. They go astray because they keep using their own powers of conceivability as a guide to what is or is not humanly possible to experience. Several experiences labeled inconceivable and therefore impossible by these philosophers, are experiences I have had myself. Philosophers and others would be less likely to make this mistake if they would converse and collaborate more with the madpeople concerned. When this is not feasible, they should nevertheless strive to keep an open mind. Fantastical fiction may have a role to play here, by showing how bizarre experiences may nevertheless be prima facie conceivable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-domain person re-identification (re-ID), such as unsupervised domain adaptive re-ID (UDA re-ID), aims to transfer the identity-discriminative knowledge from the source to the target domain. Existing methods commonly consider the source and target domains are isolated from each other, i.e., no intermediate status is modeled between the source and target domains. Directly transferring the knowledge between two isolated domains can be very difficult, especially when the domain gap is large. This paper, from a novel perspective, assumes these two domains are not completely isolated, but can be connected through a series of intermediate domains. Instead of directly aligning the source and target domains against each other, we propose to align the source and target domains against their intermediate domains so as to facilitate a smooth knowledge transfer. To discover and utilize these intermediate domains, this paper proposes an Intermediate Domain Module (IDM) and a Mirrors Generation Module (MGM). IDM has two functions: (1) it generates multiple intermediate domains by mixing the hidden-layer features from source and target domains and (2) it dynamically reduces the domain gap between the source/target domain features and the intermediate domain features. While IDM achieves good domain alignment effect, it introduces a side effect, i.e., the mix-up operation may mix the identities into a new identity and lose the original identities. Accordingly, MGM is introduced to compensate the loss of the original identity by mapping the features into the IDM-generated intermediate domains without changing their original identity. It allows to focus on minimizing domain variations to further promote the alignment between the source/target domain and intermediate domains, which reinforces IDM into IDM++. We extensively evaluate our method under both the UDA and domain generalization (DG) scenarios and observe that IDM++ yields consistent (and usually significant) performance improvement for cross-domain re-ID, achieving new state of the art. For example, on the challenging MSMT17 benchmark, IDM++ surpasses the prior state of the art by a large margin (e.g., up to 9.9% and 7.8% rank-1 accuracy) for UDA and DG scenarios, respectively. Code is available at https://github.com/SikaStar/IDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transdiagnostic construct of dissociation, characterized by a disintegration of specific psychological functions such as consciousness, memory, identity, perception, body representation, and behavior, remains elusive to a unified conceptualization. Specifically, its dimensionality is a matter of ongoing controversy. Empirical approaches applying factor analyses to the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) have yielded inconsistent findings. This study adopts a novel methodological approach, utilizing Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) to address this issue. In a sample of 668 day-hospital patients undergoing psychotherapy for a variety of mental disorders, a Gaussian graphical model was estimated for the 28 items of the DES. Additionally, the stability of the results was ensured by bootstrap procedures. While both the original EGA and the bootstrap EGA suggested four dimensions, the structural consistency of this solution was low due to an instability of 12 items. After excluding 10 of these unstable items, re-analyses again revealed a four-factor structure, but boot EGA indicated that one factor had unsatisfactory structural consistency due to the multidimensionality of its two items. Upon removing these, our final network consisted of 16 items mapping onto 3 dimensions. Our study, using data from a diagnostically heterogeneous sample, replicates and extends previous findings on the dimensionality of dissociation as captured by the DES. The three dimensions identified correspond to segregated processes, derealization/depersonalization, and absorption. This solution aligns with a bipartite model of dissociation with two broader categories referring to either altered states of consciousness (often named detachment) or to non-integrated mental modules (labeled as compartmentalization). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Surgical training programs have a high prevalence of trainee stress and burnout. Formal mentorship programs (FMP) have been shown to alleviate these factors and improve quality of life (QOL) in short-term follow-up. This study aims to determine the long-term effects of an FMP on the well-being of a single-center cohort of surgical trainees. Methods: A voluntary FMP was established at a surgical training program comprised 8 resident physicians. To quantitatively measure stress and burnout, the Perceived Stress Survey (PSS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were administered at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. The World Health Quality of Life-Bref Questionnaire (WH-QOL) was administered at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Results: Baseline levels of stress and burnout were high among all residents with an average PSS of 18.5 and MBI of 47.6, 50.6, and 16.5 for the emotional, depersonalization, and personal achievement domains respectively. After FMP implementation, PSS was reduced to 7.9 at 12 months (P =.001). These scores were sustained at 24 months (6.8, P = 1). MBI scores improved in emotional exhaustion (14.9, P <.0001), depersonalization (20.1, P <.0001), and personal achievement (40.1, P <.0001) at 12 months. All these benefits were sustained at 24 months. Baseline overall WH-QOL scores reflected low QOL (71.9). These significantly improved at 12 months (37.5, P =.002) with further improvement by 24 months (17.2, P =.03). Conclusion: Long-term follow-up of a previously successful academic surgical FMP showed lasting improvements in stress, burnout, and overall QOL, despite new life challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the correlation of burnout syndrome with emotional intelligence at workplace. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six public sector hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa between June and November, 2022. Male and female clinicians from Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics / Gynaecology, Paediatrics Medicine, Paediatric Surgery, Gastroenterology, Anesthesiology, Psychiatry, Radiology, Dermatology, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Nephrology, Urology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Orthopaedics, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Cardiology were included in the study. The study was initiated after ethical approval from ethical review board of Khyber Medical University. Informed consent was taken from all study participants. They were given a proforma to fill. The proforma was divided into three categories; clinician demographics, Maslach Burnout inventory, and Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale. All questions on the Maslach Burnout inventory and Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale pertained to their duty hours from 8am to 4pm. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was stratified into three sub-scales of emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and depersonalization. Results were compiled in SPSS 25. Correlation between the three strata of MBI was made with SEIS and stratified on the basis of gender, specialty, designation, institute, and clinical experience. Results: Emotional exhaustion has a negative correlation at Spearman correlation = -0.272 with SEIS; Personal accomplishment has a positive correlation at Spearman correlation = 0.402; Depersonalization has a negative correlation with SEIS at Spearman correlation = -0.349. Conclusions: There is a weak correlation between burnout syndrome and emotional intelligence among clinicians. Further studies need to be conducted on a larger scale to explore the reasons behind this weak correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Questiones Publicitarias is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Unsupervised domain adaptive person re-identification aims at adapting the re-identification model trained on a labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain. The mainstream pipeline alternates between clustering-based pseudo-label prediction and representation learning, but the imperfect interaction between these steps generates noisy pseudo labels that diminish the model's effectiveness. Previous methods reduce noisy pseudo labels impact by assessing consistency only at a single granularity level, overlooking multi-level confidence analysis for better feature representation. To address the issue, we propose a novel multi-granularity consistency network (MGCN) to perform the noise-resistance learning across different granularity consistency perspectives, including prototype-wise consistency, triplet-wise consistency and list-wise consistency, to suppress the contribution of noisy samples simultaneously. Specifically, the prototype-wise consistency leverages the prototypical output affinity between teacher and student networks to evaluate the reliability of pseudo label of a target sample, thus reducing their negative impact on identity classification loss. Triplet-wise consistency focuses on the triplet distance discrepancies between the teacher and student networks to retain the reliable and informative samples that satisfy triplet distance constraint in the triplet loss, thereby facilitating more effective model training and improved performance in the target domain. Furthermore, the list-wise consistency uses accurate list-wise similarity rankings from the teacher's memory bank to select more dependable neighboring samples in the student's memory bank, pulling these closer in feature space to alleviate the detrimental effects of noisy labels in contrastive loss. Based on the multi-granularity consistency, MGCN evaluates the credibility of pseudo labels and adjusts their impact across three re-ID losses for effective domain adaptation. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves significant improvements over the existing methods on multiple benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (0123-4366) is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departmento de Derecho Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Shoulder fractures (proximal humerus fractures) are common, painful, debilitating injuries. Recovery is a long process often hindered by complications such as mal-union and frozen shoulder. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences and information needs of people at different time points after a shoulder fracture and how views on recovery change over time. Methods: This longitudinal telephone interview study used a semi-structured approach based on a pre-planned interview topic guide. Recruitment was from June to November 2023. Participants were interviewed approximately two months and five to six months after their injury. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: 14 participants were recruited (age range 44–80 years; three male). The themes identified were dependence, vulnerability, information needs, and recovery. Loss of function and identity were associated with dependence. Feelings of vulnerability were present for most participants at six months post-injury. Information needs evolved, with information about the extent of the injury and practical advice needed first, but later participants emphasized the importance of reassurance and expected timelines for recovery. Recovery meant regaining function and independence, and returning to meaningful activities, which was also not fully achieved for most participants by six months. Conclusions: This study is the first to explore information needs and experiences along the timeline of recovery from a shoulder fracture. What recovery means to individual patients, along with recognition of the extent to which feelings of vulnerability affect recovery are important factors to consider. Clinicians should be aware of the full impact of these injuries to guide patients on their recovery journey, including identifying feelings of vulnerability and regaining their identity. Adopting a person-centred care approach, and considering the changing priorities and information needs of patients throughout their recovery journey may lead to improved patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages are versatile myeloid leukocytes with flexible cellular states to perform diverse tissue functions beyond immunity. This plasticity is however often hijacked by diseases to promote pathology. Scanning kinetics of macrophage states by single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry, we observed atopic dermatitis drastically exhausted a resident subtype S1. Characterized by FRβ/CD163 expression, S1 exhibited strong efferocytosis and chemoattracted monocytes and eosinophils. Here we have delineated mechanisms regulating monocyte decision to acquire S1 identity in skin. During M-CSF driven macrophage differentiation in healthy skin, FRβ was expressed via intrinsic control of STAT6 and ALK5 activities, and did not require heterotypic cellular crosstalk. In contrast, CD163 expression required exposure to fibroblastic secretion. This process depended on SHP1 activity and involved STAT5 inactivation. Suppressed STAT5 activity caused CD163 expression and rendered macrophage insensitive to further induction by fibroblasts. Parsing coculture experiments with in silico ligand expression, we identified laminin-α2 and type-V collagen secreted by hypodermal fibroblasts as CD163-driving factors. S1 identity loss in AD followed a stepwise cascade: reduced laminins availability first dampened CD163 expression, IL4 and TGFβ subsequently acted on CD163lo/− cells to downregulate FRβ. In AD skin, we showed that imitating this fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk with exogenous laminin-211 encouraged monocyte differentiation to S1 macrophages, fostered homeostatic commitment of extravasated eosinophils, and alleviated dermatitis. Hence, we demonstrated that reinforcing a steady-state cue from hypodermal fibroblasts could override maladaptive pressure on macrophage and restored tissue homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given the critical role of general practitioners (GPs), their insufficient medical density and the adverse effects of burnout on both practitioners and the quality of care provided, the prevalence estimates of GP burnout reported in the literature are highly concerning. This nationwide study builds on a 2023 survey that revealed a significant burden of burnout among Czech GPs. The primary objectives were to analyse the prevalence and determinants of burnout and to examine potential trends over time. Methods: In April 2024, 2,500 randomly selected GPs were emailed the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel, supplemented with sociodemographic and job-related questions. The statistical analysis included a comparison with an identical study conducted a year earlier. Results: Of the 765 completed responses (542 females, 223 males; mean age 55.5 years), 19.7% of the GPs experienced burnout in all three dimensions, 23% in two, 28.5% in one, and 28.8% in no dimension. Similar to 2023, the most common burnout dimension was a lack of personal accomplishment (PA, 52.2%), followed by emotional exhaustion (EE, 45.9%) and depersonalization (DP, 35.7%). Male and employed GPs experienced greater degrees of DP, while practice owners were more susceptible to EE. A positive dependence of burnout on the number of listed patients was identified. The proportion of GPs experiencing burnout across all dimensions decreased by 2.1% from 2023 to 2024 (p = 0.232), primarily in DP. Additionally, a 6.7% increase in GPs showing no signs of burnout in all dimensions (p = 0.002) further supported this positive trend. Conclusions: Between 2023 and 2024, the prevalence of burnout among GPs exhibited a modest decline. Nonetheless, it persists at almost 20%. Ensuring a sufficiently dense network of GPs, providing adequate resource allocation, and raising awareness of their importance are essential measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides an exponential reading of the (re)presentation of posthuman technology in relation to human anxieties in Don DeLillo's Zero K (2016), a novel in which technology is very much “alive” and The Silence (2020), in which technology is “dead.” It focuses on DeLillo's apprehension about the impact of technology in relation to everyday life and to the future of humanity. The anxiety over a posthuman existence where Man is reduced to impotence in his total surrender to the control of technology is examined to show DeLillo's concern over the insidious process of dehumanization and depersonalization of the human subject. The discussion is carried out by applying a close textual analysis of the novels within the context of the existential, environmental, and eschatological issues that are considered staples of his narratives. The conclusion affirms DeLillo's stand on the ambiguity of technology and his implicit commitment to ordinary life and to the ethics of human interrelationships as a confirmation of human identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMany leaders increase their risk of burnout, the strain from exposure to job-related stress, by neglecting to adequately care for themselves, especially as they experience conflict between the roles they perform and a lack of clarity around the limits of their responsibilities. Resident Assistant (RA) positions are often ambiguous and ill-defined, encompassing roles as helping professionals, administrators, and spiritual leaders for their residents at all hours of the day, navigating conflicting demands placed on them by their myriad responsibilities while also being students themselves. The role conflict and ambiguity they are exposed to have increased in recent years as the scope of RA positions continues to expand, heightening role conflict and ambiguity. This study collected surveys of RAs at a Christian university in the southwest United States to determine the effects of one’s sense of personal accomplishment and spirituality on burnout and its facets of emotional exhaustion, a marked lack of emotional and physical energy, and depersonalization, a dehumanizing perception that distances self from others. Findings indicate that high levels of personal accomplishment, when paired with a strong awareness of God, mitigate the risk of burnout by attenuating the relationship between emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. This extends current understandings of protective factors that can inform efforts to prevent burnout and promote well-being in RAs and other spiritual leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the concept of a ‘terror of history’ in the work of historian of religion Mircea Eliade, particularly in his 1948 book The Myth of the Eternal Return: Cosmos and History. The article turns to Eliade’s journals to trace the genesis of this concept, showing that this book which became a foundational text in the history of religions was originally conceived as a work on the philosophy of history. Tracing the incoherences and contradictions of this ‘terror’ in the context of his wartime diary entries, the continuity of Eliade’s thought from his time as an outspoken supporter of the Romanian Iron Guard in the 1930s to his publication of Cosmos and History in 1948 becomes clear. Eliade’s ‘terror,’ it is shown, is conditioned by his despair at the retreat and collapse of the European fascist powers, but is more fundamentally an expression of horror toward the dissolution and loss of identity that he associates with historicity and, indeed, with difference itself. As this article shows, Eliade’s solution was not an ‘eternal return’ but rather an eternal escape from history, a religious oblivion that would collapse all events into ‘archetypes’ and blot out the horror of history and difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the views and experiences of older LGBTQ+ adults accessing long-term care (LTC) identifies concerns of discrimination and identity loss. However, what the concept of psychological safety means to this population in LTC and later-life housing has been neglected. Understanding psychological safety could help ensure the needs of LGBTQ+ elders are understood and considered more appropriately in LTC planning and operation. Thirty-six older LGBTQ+ adults were interviewed individually or in focus groups. Data were analyzed inductively using reflexive thematic analysis. Eleven subthemes were identified and organized around six main themes: 1) historical impact on psychological safety, 2) discrimination in the current living context, 3) acceptance from others and self, 4) belonging and connection, 5) protection and security, and 6) moving away from heteronormative care. This novel study found that the past and current experiences of LGBTQ+ elders with discrimination and its impact on psychological safety need to be understood and incorporated within staff training. Acceptance, belonging and connection, and protection and security strengthened psychological safety. LTC services and its staff need to move away from heteronormative care, present positive LGBTQ+ attitudes, and show an understanding and awareness of LGBTQ+ intergenerational and intercommunity similarities and differences to engender psychological safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ambulance workers face significant physical and psychological challenges in their roles. They are responsible for providing life-saving care in high-pressure environments, often encountering violence, infectious diseases, and physical injuries. This study aims to assess the levels of job burnout among ambulance workers and identify associated physical and psychological health symptoms. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Babylon Governorate from November 2023 to June 2024. The study involved 106 ambulance workers, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the adapted Maslach Burnout Inventory, which measures emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20, with descriptive and inferential statistics to explore the relationship between burnout and socio-demographic factors. Findings: Seventy percent of participants had moderate burnout levels. A total of 54.7% of the ambulance workers experienced moderate emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while 62.3% reported a sense of personal accomplishment. The main challenges reported were a lack of management support, poor public utilization of ambulance services, and difficulties in maintaining work-life balance. Significant relationships were observed between burnout and factors such as age, number of children, and monthly income (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ambulance workers in Babylon Governorate face a significant risk of job burnout, which can adversely impact both staff well-being and service quality. To mitigate burnout, targeted interventions focusing on improving management support, providing continuous training, and enhancing staff well-being are essential. Further research is needed to develop effective strategies to address this pressing issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "The other side of water" by Valentina Marchant analyzes her second book published by Libros del Pez Espiral in 2023. The text highlights the continuity of Chilean poetry from the 20th century to the present, placing Marchant's work in a lost tradition. The book is characterized by a writing that breathes behind the main narratives and central figures, exploring duality and intensity in poetry. The author addresses themes such as loneliness, the projection of binary oppositions, and the loss of identity in an urban context. [Extracted from the article]

Background: With the elderly population projected to double by 2050, there is an urgent need to address the increasing prevalence of age-related debilitating diseases and ultimately minimize discrepancies between the rising lifespan and stagnant health span. Cellular reprogramming by overexpression of Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2, and cMyc (OKSM) transcription factors is gaining attention in this context thanks to demonstrated rejuvenating effects in human cell cultures and live mice, many of which can be uncoupled from dedifferentiation and loss of cell identity. Summary: Here, we review current evidence of the impact of cell reprogramming on established aging hallmarks and the underlying mechanisms that mediate these effects. We also provide a critical assessment of the challenges in translating these findings and, overall, cell reprogramming technologies into clinically translatable antiaging interventions. Key Messages: Cellular reprogramming has the potential to reverse at least partially some key hallmarks of aging. However, further research is necessary to determine the biological significance and duration of such changes and to ensure the safety of cell reprogramming as a rejuvenation approach. With this review, we hope to stimulate new research directions in the quest to extend health span effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aims to explore the impact of school servant leadership on teacher emotional exhaustion in the context of Chinese education, and analyze the mediating effects of teacher hindrance stress and depersonalization. Based on the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model and servant leadership theory, the research constructs a model for the influence mechanism of school servant leadership on teacher emotional exhaustion and validates it using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A total of 3751 primary and secondary school teachers from eight provinces in China participated in this study. The results indicate servant leadership demonstrates a strong negative relationship with emotional exhaustion, with hindrance stress and depersonalization serving as a sequential mediation between servant leadership and emotional exhaustion. This study offers a new perspective on how servant leadership can alleviate emotional exhaustion among teachers, and provides practical insights for optimizing educational management models and enhancing teacher mental well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elaborates the psychic processes evoked in migration through the illustration of therapy work with an eleven-year-old boy, whose family had relocated from a village in East India to the metropolis of Delhi, a city that has been home to refugees post-Partition, and numerous migrants seeking jobs and education since. The idea of choice migration is formulated, embedded in modern society and urban aspirations, as different from forced migrations. Drawing from object relations theory, the work of Winnicott and other contemporary thinkers, this boy's unique use of a railway station as transitional object and its elaboration in therapy work is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals' lives depend heavily on their freedom, which is why they may respond with reactance if freedom is threatened. Our research, which spans four studies with 1,486 Chinese students as participants, from the perspective of psychological reactance theory, provides evidence that positive gender stereotypes can provoke targets' negative reactions. In Study 1, participants who heard a speaker state a positive gender stereotype (e.g., "women are beautiful" and "men are strong") disliked the speaker more, believed that the speaker was more gender prejudiced, and experienced stronger negative emotions than those who heard no stereotype. In Studies 2−4, freedom threat was a crucial mediator in the relation between the positive gender stereotype and targets' negative reactions. Furthermore, depersonalization also played a parallel mediating role. Although positive gender stereotypes seem superficially complimentary, they may have detrimental effects on interpersonal relations. Our research suggests that people should refrain from using stereotypes in their interpersonal interactions whenever possible. Even though people may sometimes inevitably convey positive stereotypes to others, they should be given the freedom to minimize the negative consequences of such stereotypes. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/DOI: 10.1177/03616843241242711 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By analyzing two large atlases of almost 4 million cells, we show that immune‐senescence involves a gradual loss of cellular identity, reflecting increased cellular heterogeneity, for effector, and cytotoxic immune cells. The effects are largely similar in both males and females and were robustly reproduced in two atlases, one assembled from 35 diverse studies including 678 adults, the other the OneK1K study of 982 adults. Since the mean transcriptional differences among cell‐types remain constant across age deciles, there is little evidence for the alternative mechanism of convergence of cell‐type identity. Key pathways promoting activation and stemness are down‐regulated in aged T cells, while CD8 TEM and CD4 CTLs exhibited elevated inflammatory, and cytotoxicity in older individuals. Elevated inflammatory signaling pathways, such as MAPK and TNF‐alpha signaling via NF‐kB, also occur across all aged immune cells, particularly amongst effector immune cells. This finding of lost transcriptional identity with age carries several implications, spanning from a fundamental biological understanding of aging mechanisms to clinical perspectives on the efficacy of immunomodulation in elderly people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a randomized national U.S. telephone survey administered by state health departments. This study aimed to identify how Black/African Americans understand BRFSS caregiver and cognitive decline surveys and terminology to inform health messaging that centers the Black/African American experience. In focus groups, BRFSS surveys were administered to Black/African Americans (n = 30) aged ≥ 45 in Oregon. Participants were asked how they interpreted BRFSS terms 'memory loss' and 'confusion,' how these terms related to Alzheimer's and dementia, and about caregiving and cognitive decline experiences. The culturally responsive Africana Worldview guided interpretation, which centers the Black/African American experience and individuals within interdependent relationships and community identity when explaining behaviors of people from the African diaspora. BRFSS survey responses differed from focus group responses to the same questions. Two participants reported providing care in the past two years on the survey; in discussions, 21 participants reported providing care in the past two years. Interpretations of BRFSS terminology varied greatly. Differences between age-related cognitive changes, dementia and Alzheimer's disease were unclear. Cognitive decline was largely understood in terms of identity loss and relationship changes with the affected individual, and how that individual's relationship changed within community. Caution is advised when using BRFSS data to frame messaging because key cognitive health terms are not universally understood. Messaging that apply the Africana Worldview centralizes relationships and community rather than impact on individual's day-to-day activities, may be more effective for Black/African Americans and for other groups with different cultural and life experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing inspiration from the principles of postcolonial ecocriticism, this research investigates the correlation that Mourid Barghouti constructs in his autobiographical novel I Saw Ramallah (2003) between the occupied Palestinians and their exploited environmental and natural world. This essay contends that the novel presents a comprehensive perspective that necessitates an appreciation of the interconnectedness between the national and bioecological struggles and resistance of the colonized people. Nature serves as a source of inspiration and resistance. In this context, the Palestinians' fight against the loss of their land and identity is concurrently a resistance against the exploitation of their environment; thus, the Palestinians' connection with their natural environment represents a form of attachment and resistance. This research advances the main postcolonial ecocritical claim that the natives' existence is inextricably linked to the survival of their environment. Through depictions of the natural and environmental worlds, the author conveys his feelings about the environment, demonstrating the principle of humanecosystem interconnectedness and revealing the environmental consciousness that permeates the narrative. Thus, an examination of the novel demonstrates the principles of the critical intersection of ecocriticism and postcolonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period of globalisation, special attention is paid to the spiritual crisis and the loss of traditional values, emphasising the need to search for global unifying values. The article aims to study the influence of technological progress on human identity and society as a whole. The authors define the terms "human identity", "technologisation", and "technological progress". They describe the main directions of technologisation's influence on the individual and their self-awareness of identity and outline the concept of sustainable development aimed at preventing destructive conflicts. They analyse the value-normative foundations of modern society in the context of globalisation and explore the main principles of sustainable development that have gained general recognition, including direct ethical requirements present in the ecological imperative of humanity's responsibility for the planet's fate. Based on the analysis of existing data, the article identifies several vectors of technological impact, such as the implementation of technical means into the structure of identity, psychological experiences of loss of self-identity and privacy, changes in the objects and rules of identification, and the transformation of identification processes. In modern society, technologies are becoming "psycho-technologies", influencing mental processes and human relationships, causing changes in the structure of human identity and identification processes under the influence of technological progress. It is established that the main factors of technological progress affecting personal identity include the loss of self-identity and privacy, the modification of identification processes, the change in objects and rules of identification, the integration of technical means into the structure of self-identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all health professionals worldwide. This has also influenced their working lives, affecting burnout and work engagement. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between burnout and work engagement among nurses and physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with total 509 nurses and physiotherapists who were working at any of the private, public, or university hospitals from two large and one small cities. A Personal Introduction Form, the Maslach Burnout Scale, and the Work Engagement Scale were used in the study. Frequency, percentage, mean, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Necessary ethical approvals were taken for the research. RESULTS: There was a significant, moderate, negative relationship between the average scores of the nurses on the vigor and devotion dimensions and the Work Engagement Scale and their average scores on emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, depersonalization dimensions and their average score on the Maslach Burnout Scale (p < 0.05). There was a significant, moderate, negative relationship between the scores of the physiotherapists on the Work Engagement Scale and its dimensions and their average scores on the Maslach Burnout Scale and its dimensions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In our study, it was found that the burnout levels of nurses and physiotherapists had an effect on their work engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic. During and after the COVID-19 process, managers should take measures to reduce the burnout levels of health professionals and increase their level of work engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This research examined the incarceration experiences of adult women with histories of drug addiction, aiming to fill knowledge gaps regarding how these women subjectively interpret their incarceration experiences. Methodology: In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 formerly incarcerated women from the Northeast and Midwest United States. A phenomenological approach was used to explore the meaning of incarceration for the participants, with the deprivation model of imprisonment guiding the analysis. Findings: Women with drug addiction reported being treated differently while incarcerated because of their addiction. They experienced a lack of physical and psychosocial security, limited autonomy in health-related decisions, and diminished freedom to act and express themselves, often as a result of their mental health and drug addiction issues. Additionally, they experienced a loss of identity, stigma, and internalized stigma due to the way they were treated in prison. Conclusions: Incarceration is a critical life event that deprives women of many basic human needs, shaping their health, self-perception, and understanding of the criminal justice system. Further research is necessary to explore how the experience of incarceration impacts women's mental health, drug addiction recovery, and overall well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]