Search

The stock of shale gas in the Shahezi shale reservoir in the Changling fault depression, Songliao Basin, is believed to be worth exploring. In-depth study on the pore structure and fractal characterization of organic matter (OM) can help better understand the pore system of shale reservoir, which has implications for the exploration of lacustrine shale. To demonstrate the nanoscale pore structure and irregularity of the isolated OM, we collected a large number of samples and then conducted a series of laboratory experiments, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] adsorption experiments to determine the pore structure parameters and reveal their heterogeneity according to Frenkel-Halsey-Hill theory. As suggested by the experimental results, the pore size distribution curve of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] exhibits similar pore peaks, whereas the trends of change in bulk shale and isolated OM samples are basically paralleled. The pore volume of the isolated OM ranges between 0.034 and [Formula: see text], which is approximately 0.90–3.06 times that of bulk shale samples. As for the fractal dimensions [Formula: see text] (2.594 on average) and [Formula: see text] (2.657 on average) of bulk shale, they are larger as compared with isolated OM, indicating that inorganic minerals can make a significant difference in the heterogeneity of shale pores. The fractal dimensions ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) of bulk shales indicate a close correlation with the parameters of pore structure, whereas there is no significant correlation observed between the dimensions of isolated OM and its parameters. In addition, thermal maturity and solid bitumen have only limited impact on the OM pore structure of isolated OM samples. Then, we conducted further research to reveal that the insoluble OM macerals derived from terrestrial higher plants can be used to explain the difference in pore structure and heterogeneity between isolated OM samples. Therefore, we arrived at the conclusion that the composition of macerals depends on the exact pore structure and fractal characteristics of isolated OM samples with similarity in thermal maturity.

In the world we live in today, the presence and claims of crisis abound – from climate change, financial and political crisis to depression, livelihoods and personal security crisis. There is a challenge to studying crisis due to the ways in which crisis as a notion, condition and experience refers to and operates at various societal levels. Further, different kinds of crisis can overlap and intersect with each other, and act as precursors or consequences of other crises, in what can be thought of as inter-crisis relations or chains of crises. This article makes an enquiry into how to develop more adequate analytical tools for understanding crisis as a multidimensional phenomenon. We ask how crisis can be conceptualised and what the analytical potentials of a distinct crisis perspective might be? In this article we suggest a multi- and interdisciplinary approach to bridge between traditionally separated realms. Our ambition is to present a case for the development of Interdisciplinary Crisis Studies as a field of scholarly enquiry, which allows for new perspectives on data collection and analysis. Using the cases of, first, crisis and security and, second, crisis and climate, conflict and migration, we illustrate how studying and intervening in crises requires non-linear approaches which connect across disciplines to develop more comprehensive, interdisciplinary understandings of societal problems and better solutions. In concluding the paper, we assert that key features of Interdisciplinary Crisis Studies must include (1) temporality, spatiality and scale; (2) multi-layeredness, processuality and contradictions; and (3) gender, intersectionality and social inequalities.

This study examines whether host population values that encourage the toleration of outsiders can persist in conditions of economic insecurity. Inglehart et al. (2006) observed that war and economic insecurity produced xenophobia and in-group solidarity against foreigners in Iraq. At the psychological level of cultural values, Maslow (1943) suggested that individuals could gain functional autonomy or freedom from insecurity if they had previously satisfied security needs during their formative years. This thereby points to a possible delay in large scale transition from one value set to another when radical economic change occurs. Indeed, following Maslow, cultural values associated with tolerance of others could persist, at least for a while, even in times of abrupt economic depression or destruction. In this study, we set out to test this value lag due to functional autonomy, and chose Turkey as the test country. As a country that experienced economic growth and relative stability up until a sharp economic decline from 2016, Turkey offers an ideal environment to test the nature and influence of functional autonomy on host population responses to foreigners. In order to examine this, we analysed the results of 1073 questionnaires submitted to participants at Istanbul University and Ataturk University to examine levels of xenophobia. Mann Whitney tests confirmed detectably lower levels of xenophobia and less gender bias among needs-gratified respondents. The implications for political culture change are discussed.

The research considers the problem of regulatory resources of the personal life plans in uncertain and unpredictable situations on the material of the COVID-19 pandemic spread in the world and in Russia. The study was conducted during a lockdown in Russia, in an online format, with the help of the Tilda Publishing block website builder and the Google Forms survey administration software. The study sample included 165 respondents aged 16 to 56 years. The Self-regulation Profile Questionnaire - SRPQM 2020 , The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D , and the authors questionnaire which includes a number of questions related to personal life plans and professional/educational curriculum were used for diagnose. The study results demonstrated that the higher conscious self-regulation development is associated with the higher person's clarity and understanding of the future plans, the more stable career path (including professional and educational goals), and the less actual depressive symptoms. And vice versa: the low level of the conscious self-regulation development correlates with the difficulties with considering the life plans, the fickleness of professional and educational goals, being affected by external factors, and with the pronounced actual manifestations of depression. The data obtained contribute to the development of ideas about the conscious self-regulation phenomenon and human regulatory resources ensuring stability of the personal life plans in situations of uncertainty and serving as a buffer that softens the impact of external stress factors and neutralizes their possible negative consequences.

Housing is an important social determinant of health. We investigated effects of changes in housing tenure and affordability on depressive symptoms.Data of 9,956 individuals aged20 years from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (2015-2020) were analyzed. Housing tenure was categorized as homeowners or tenants. Individuals with housing-related expenditures exceeding 30% of household income were defined as having housing unaffordability. Analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted to evaluate the relationship between changes in housing tenure and affordability on depressive symptoms measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.Individuals who became tenants (β = 0.326, p = 0.027) or were persistent tenants (β = 0.542, p0.001) demonstrated significantly more severe depressive symptoms than persistent homeowners. Individuals with new (β = 0.562, p0.001) or consistent housing unaffordability (β = 1.032, p = 0.036) showed increased depressive symptoms compared with those with persistent housing affordability. Depressive symptoms were reduced in new homeowners and those who left housing unaffordability status (β = -0.807, p = 0.031). The interaction between housing tenure and affordability on depressive symptoms differed by age and household composition. Housing tenure at post-retirement age and single-person households were associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms, respectively.All housing-related factors, especially different domains of housing insecurity including unstable neighborhoods or reasons for moving, have not been identified.Changes in housing tenure, affordability, and the two combined were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the degree of interactive effect varied among age groups and household composition. Housing welfare policies that can stabilize housing tenure and affordability might help prevent depression.

Adaptive properties of spring barley in the conditions of the Kuznetsk depression have been studied. The objects of the research are five medium-ripening breeding lines of spring barley. The breeding lines were studied in a nursery of competitive varietal trials in 2016-2020. The soil of the experimental plot is leached chernozem, heavy loam with a medium granulometric composition. The repetition was fourfold, the seeding rate (optimal for spring barley in the cultivation zone) 450 pcs / m2. The sowing dates were April 29 - May 5, the harvesting was done with a Sampo 130 combine at the stage of full ripeness of spring barley samples (August 12-15). The experiment was carried out in comparison with the standard cultivar Biom. The parameters of environmental plasticity (bj), stability (S2dj), the environmental conditions index (Ij) were calculated according to the method developed by S.A. Eberchart and W.A. Russel, which examines the positive response of the genotype to the improved growing conditions. Under contrasting growing conditions of spring barley in the years of research, it was found that the environment factor had a significant influence on the yield - 82.6%, the share of genotype influence was 1.4%. The average yield over the years of the study of spring barley in the nursery of competitive variety trials was 5.51 t/ha, the maximum average yield has a breeding line KM-198/11 - 6.45 t/ha. Genotypes with the highest adaptive properties were identified: KM-198/11 (bi = 0.24, Si2 = 2.59), Nutans 12/16 (bi = 0.24, Si2 = 2.18) with yield variability of 25.9-29.2% (Biom standard - 46.1%). The medium-maturing selection line of spring barley KM-198/11, having above-average adaptive properties, is prepared for submission for state variety testing in 2021 as the variety Kuzbass Jubilee. The main advantages of the variety were revealed: high drought tolerance, resistance to lodging and blight, high productivity (6.45-8.50 t/ha), large grain size (53.2 g), medium reaction to stress factors (reduced productivity). Grain crude protein content was 13.6-14.1%, the film content 8.4%, the natural weight 620 g/l.

This paper investigates the effect of different categories of essential COVID-19 data from 2020 to 2021 towards stock price dynamics and options markets. It applied the hypothetical method in which investors develop depression based on the understanding suggested by various green finance divisions. Furthermore, additional elements like panic, sentiment, and social networking sites may impact the attitude, size, and direction of green finance, subsequently impacting the security prices. We created new emotion proxies based on five groups of information, namely COVID-19, marketplace, lockdown, banking sector, and government relief using Google search data. The results show that (1) if the proportional number of traders' conduct exceeds the stock market, the effect of sentimentality indexes on jump volatility is expected to change; (2) the volatility index component jump radically increases with the COVID-19 index, city and market lockdown index, and banking index; and (3) expanding the COVID-19 index gives rise to the stock market index. Moreover, all indexes decreased in jump volatility but only after 5 days. These findings comply with the hypotheses proposed by our model.

This study empirically investigated the dynamic aspects of antidumping. It focuses on the antidumping measures imposed by the United States on Chinese imports. To capture the dynamic effects, we employ a local projection method and monthly US import data. We document that the trade depression effect (decreased imports from China, the named country) of antidumping exists dynamically. Statistically significant and persistent decrease in Chinese imports begin when the preliminary duty is levied. Additionally, the trade diversion effect is illustrated by the statistically significant increase in imports from non-named countries when the final duty is imposed. Lastly, we demonstrate that a substantial bias could occur if the preliminary or the final duty is used as an antidumping measure in isolation, without considering anticipated parts of these measures.

The COVID -19 pandemic, which has been ongoing for over a year, has become a burden to the world, causing anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study is to investigate the depression and stress levels of senior high school teachers in Indonesia during the COVID-19 outbreak since they have experienced substantial teaching situations change as a result of it. In particular, the changes in their professional, as well as personal lives, pose challenges during the pandemic. This quantitative study distributing questionnaires to 50 high school teachers in Indonesia. The findings indicate that social support is the most significant factor (0,46%) needed to prevent depression and stress among the teachers. Meanwhile, workload and role conflict cover 0,74% and 0,84% respectively of variables that teachers can change with the assumption that both variables exist even before a pandemic arises. This study also reveals that teachers continue to receive less attention and support, especially in terms of their stress and depression coverage. It is because the prevailing perception is that teachers should be the ones giving attention, not the ones receiving it. The study is that to withstand the Pandemic's uncertainty where high school teacher able to minimize and overcome their depressions.

The number of people in low- and middle-income countries who suffer from depression is increasing, and a significant proportion of people in these countries live in poverty. We estimated the effect of living in multidimensional poverty on experiencing symptoms associated with major depression using the 2018 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey. We used an instrumental variables approach to overcome the potential endogeneity bias caused by the simultaneous relationship between multidimensional poverty and depression. We found that living in multidimensional poverty significantly increases depression symptom severity. This has urgent policy implications for low- and middle-income countries with limited provision of mental health services.

The economy of European countries developed rapidly after the Western Industrial Revolution, and the rural areas of European countries also experienced long-term failure and depression. In the process of urbanization construction, the rural construction also faced many problems. In particular, after the urbanization rate exceeded 50%, European countries took targeted measures to revitalize rural areas in response to many problems in rural development, promoting the development process of urban-rural integration. Especially in Europe in the value orientation in the process of rural construction, there are many worth learning and using for reference of experience, in this paper, the European countries value index selection of rural construction, and implementation of rural construction scheme under this value orientation [1] research summary, draw lessons from the mature experience of the European countries rural construction, combined with China’s national conditions related to rural revitalization of advice are put forward.

Informed by life course theory, we estimated depression symptom trajectories for couples throughout a deployment cycle using data from a longitudinal study of National Guard couples (n= 339). One-third of couples served as a comparison group by participating in data collection after their deployments were canceled. We proposed that 1) service members and partners would display multiple trajectories of depression symptoms that differ as a function of role (i.e., service member or at-home partner) and exposure to deployment; 2) trajectory patterns would be associated with indicators of human capital; 3) service members’ and partners’ depression symptoms would be linked to each other. We found that depressive symptom trajectories varied by exposure to deployment and role, and that higher levels of human capital were mostly associated with lower depressive symptoms, although we did not find support for partner interdependence. Results were considered in the context of life course theory and emotional cycles of deployment.

Gaslighting is a modern term that describes a type of toxic relationship that psychologically abuses the victim. Gaslighting is understood as manipulating the victim into questioning his sanity and the gaslighter has a goal to create a ‘surreal’ environment that will cause the victim to feel like he is in the wrong and is crazy. Since gaslighting is all about manipulation, it can cause mental disorders. In the theoretical framework, we will apply the concept of gaslighting and self-actualization to show the effects of gaslighting and the ways to cope with it. In this work, we explore how gaslighting can cause anxiety, depression and low self-esteem in the victims. We show that the victims of gaslighting can deal with it by fulfilling physiological needs and building herself up again by the help of friends and families. Keywords: gaslighting, toxic relationship, poetry, lyrical poem

This screenplay project focuses on cyberbullying's impacts on its victims, both mentally and physically. The goal is to shed light into this action of crime that is often overlooked, to make a better cyberspace environment, and to raise awareness to the public, especially cyberbullying perpetrators, to stop what they are doing. To do so, this creative thesis uses the cyberbullying concept that points out how cyberspace bullying can trigger paranoia and depression among many other mental disorders. The work is based on theories on paranoia, depression and cyberbullying itself. From the screenplay, it is shown how the main characters got cyberbullied, and later went from a healthy, hardworking, resilient man to a mentally broken human being as a consequence. By understanding the impact the act of cyberbullying can have on a person’s life, cyberspace users can be more responsible and refrain themselves from the act of cyberbullying.Keywords: Cyberbully, Screenplay, Depression, Paranoia, Psychological Thriller.

The central argument of this book is that ‘Only a theory of strikes that goes beyond a focus on trade unions and the workplace will be able to grasp the forms of labour conflict that affect the maj...

Ushbu maqolada bugungi kundagi psixologiya va arxitektura sohasidagi ko‘plab olib borilgan tadqiqotlar natijasi, uning inson ongiga ta’siri va ijtimoiy hayotdagi duch kelinayotgan muammolar, ayniqsa streyes va depressiyani yengishdagi arxitektura dizayning hajmiy ta’siri haqida yoritib berilgan.

The aim of this study is to clarify whether health-care inequality in Japan widens during a depression, even though Japan has a universal health-care system. To this end, we investigate the time-series fluctuations in health-care expenditure inequalities in Japan for the period 2008–2017, which includes the period during which the global financial crisis affected Japan. We construct an economy-wide inequality index comparing the actual health-care expenditure at various income levels (low, middle and high) against the estimated health-care needs. The findings of the study are as follows. First, the rich (the top 20% income class) spend far more than their estimated needs on health care, whereas the poor (bottom 20%) spend far less. Second, during the global financial crisis, health-care inequality especially among the working generation became greater in Japan, mainly because not only the low-income class but also the middle-income class (the bottom 30–60%) was unable to pay for health care.

Geological structure and bathymetry of the seabed of the deep water part of the Caspian Sea testifies to the formation of significant volumes of gas hydrates. In this regard, it was necessary to study the sedimentary deposits of the Caspian Sea in order to distinguish areas of gas hydrates and evaluate their potential, as well as obtaining new data. A significant volume of data published in scientific journals and reports was analyzed. Much attention was paid to the thermodynamic conditions of gas hydrates formation, as well as the analysis interpretation of geological and geophysical data. Experimental, theoretical and practical data indicates that maximal temperature, at which gas hydrates can be formed on methane is 24 °C. Therefore, an attempt was made to establish the depth at which there is a boundary with temperature in 24 С in the upper part of the section. Gas hydrates zones distinguishing as per data of geophysical methods with determination of BSR boundary or other diagnostic features are considered to be the main diagnostic indicator of gas hydrates. Keywords: gas, seismic investigations, pressure and temperature, BSR

Precisely how to reconstruct the planetary past is not predetermined. This article compares three contemporary plans, dreamed up in the United States during the Interwar and Depression years, that deploy diverse techniques to evoke extinct environments. Building on Martin Rudwick's historicization of ‘scenes from deep time’, this article develops the concept of designs on deep time to explain how public displays of the planetary past circulate anything-but-neutral ideas about past and present to awed audiences. By detailing three contemporary designs on deep time—Pleistocene Park at the La Brea Tar Pits, a sensational World's Fair exhibit called ‘The World a Million Years Ago’, and a dinosaur park where living fossils and ancient plants approximated a Mesozoic atmosphere—this article captures diverse philosophies about how to construct persuasive encounters with the prehistoric past. It also demonstrates how, despite disparate approaches, these designers of deep time displays all used the planetary past to legitimate present regimes and foster faith in human progress. During the 1920s and 1930s, when the wounds of war, changing demographics, and economic depression collaborated to dispute a prevailing myth of American progress, deep time by design buoyed faith in a better future.

This study examines the association between financial hardship and depression among pre-retirees (ages 50 to 65) using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and its 2020 COVID-19 supplement. We fin...

Background. The Rubezhinsky Trough has been remained one of the most poorly studied petroleum areas of the Orenburg region to date. At present, Gazprom Neft conducts systematic exploration work within the trough at five license areas of the South Orenburg Cluster. Aim. The purpose of this article is representation of preliminary new dates on a geological structure of paleozoic reef systems within the Rubezhinsky Trough. Materials and methods. The main original materials for the work are the results of the interpretation of the 3D seismic carried out at four license areas. In addition, results drilling and regional sedimentation models were involved for analysis. Results. Regional models of Upper Paleozoic reef systems of the Rubezhinsky Trough have been extensively detailed as a result of the interpretation of 3-D seismic data within the South Orenburg cluster. It was first established that isolated reefs were formed in the interval of the Ardatovian and Mullinian regional stages (Givetian Stage of Middle Devonian) of the research area. Ardatovian-mullinian isolated reefs are covered with clay deposits and represent potential lithological traps for petroleum deposits. Isolated reefs, isolated carbonate platforms and the southern margin of the vast South-Buzuluk carbonate platform with barrier reef systems have been identified for the Frasnian Stage. Isolated frasnian reefs are potential hydrocarbon traps. Barrier frasnian reefs together with increasing them early famennian ones form a series of structural hydrocarbon traps in the overlapping complexes. The significant progradation of the margin of the famennian carbonate platform towards the Pre-Caspian paleobasin is established. Famennian progradation complexes form several large clinoforms which are potentially forward looking for the search for structural-lithological petroleum traps. The barrier reef system has been confirmed for the evaporite-carbonate complex of the Okskian regional stage. Okskian reefs border the late visean epicratonic carbonate platform. Relatively large reefs of the carbonate platform barrier system were identified in the interval from Podolskian regional stage (Carboniferous) to Asselian Stage (Permian). This barrier system has progradational architectures towards the Pre-Caspian paleobasin that was formed from the end of the Middle Carboniferous to the end of the Artinskian Age of the Early Permian. Podolskian-asselian barrier buildings predefine the development of structural hydrocarbon traps of various sizes in overlapping Lower Permian deposits. Conclusions. A preliminary analysis of 3-D seismic data indicates the significant role of the paleozoic reef systems in the formation of the sedimentary complex of the Rubezhinsky trough.

Despite accumulated evidence on the issue of labor market inequalities on health, the literature to date has failed to consider the changing dynamics of work experiences over a full life course in understanding its association with health. This study takes a holistic approach to understanding labor market trajectories in terms of employment security among wage-earners using a multichannel sequence. Five clusters were found: Secured insider, moderate insiders, vulnerable outsider, precarious workers, and secured labor status but limited income. The findings suggest that labor market inequalities are negatively associated with health outcomes, particularly in the health of the disadvantaged group relative to labor market insiders. Vulnerable outsiders report lower odds of optimal health as well as precarious workers relative to secured insiders. However, the different patterns of association between long-term labor market inequalities and depression were emerged. Future study research could expand to explore the different mechanism of labor market inequalities to self-rated health and depression.

Numerous studies have investigated the prevalence and social correlates of depression in China, but less is known about trends in depression prevalence and inequalities across time. Using nationally representative data from the China Family Panel Studies, we examine patterns of depressive symptoms over time from 2010 to 2018 among Chinese adults. We assess trends across time in depression disparities by educational attainment and household income using random-intercept logistic regression models. We find that the overall prevalence of depressive symptoms increased significantly in China over this period of time; increases in depression were significant for men and women, rural and urban residents, and the non-elderly. We also find that the rate of increase in depressive symptoms was more rapid among people with high levels of education and family income. Thus, though depression inequalities favor higher socioeconomic groups, this disparity is declining.

Owing to educational expansion, women are now increasingly over-represented in higher education. Faced with diminished opportunities to homogamously match, a rising number of women opt for lower educated partners (female hypogamy). Up to now, patterns of women’s mental health across educational sorting configurations have remained largely undocumented. Compared to those in homogamous couples, hypogamous women may be more vulnerable to stress and poor mental health given a presumably stronger double burden, lower partnership quality, or greater financial strain. In this study, we explore whether hypogamy is linked to greater levels of depression among highly educated women. We also examine contextual variation by looking at the effect of three dimensions of gender regimes: women’s educational advantage, family-related social spending, and gender pay gap. The study investigates women’s depression in 69 country-period clusters across 27 countries (N = 9,659) via a series of multilevel linear regression models drawing on data from three rounds of the European Social Survey (2006, 2012, and 2014). Results confirmed that women in hypogamous unions were more depressed than those in homogamous couples, largely due to greater economic insecurity. We also found that the mental health disadvantage of hypogamous women, especially when married, faded in contexts that institutionally and economically promoted gender equality and female empowerment.

Zusammenfassung In dem vorliegenden Beitrag untersucht die Autorin die Frage, ob und inwiefern psychoanalytische Therapie mit einer kultur- und religionssensiblen aber auch neutralen therapeutischen Haltung für Menschen mit einer depressiven und spirituellen Krise hilfreich sein kann. In die psychoanalytische und psychotherapeutische Praxis kommen zunehmend mehr Menschen unterschiedlicher Herkunft, die nicht nur ihren jeweiligen kulturellen Hintergrund, sondern auch verschiedene Religionen mitbringen. Darunter sind auch zunehmend mehr Muslime und Musliminnen mit ihrer eigenen kulturellen und religiösen Erfahrungswelt und Überzeugungen von Heilung und seelischem Wachstum, was eine Herausforderung für eine/n westlich sozialisierte Psychoanalytiker/-in darstellen kann. In diesem Beitrag wird postuliert, dass eine existenzielle Erfahrung (z. B. Trennung) bei einem religiösen Menschen nicht nur eine spirituelle Krise auslösen kann, sondern auch mit einer depressiven Krise einhergeht. Dies wird anhand einer psychoanalytischen Behandlung eines muslimischen Mannes in einer Kasuistik dargestellt. Eine Abweichung von einem kulturell bzw. religiös klar definierten Wertekanon löst Versagenserleben und damit Scham- und Schuldgefühle aus, die depressives Erleben verstärken und aufrechterhalten. Die Bearbeitung der Selbstwert- und Schuldkonflikte steht daher im Mittelpunkt der psychotherapeutischen Arbeit, wobei eine kultur- und religionssensible therapeutische Haltung unerlässlich ist.

Introduction Online depression-focused communities (ODCs) are popular avenues that help people cope with depression. However, to the best of our knowledge, research on online behavior and differences among users from managed and unmanaged ODCs has not been explored. Methods We collected data from the most popular managed depression-focused community (MDC) and unmanaged depression-focused community (UDC) in China. Text classifiers were built using deep-learning methods to identify social support (ie, informational and emotional support) and companionship expressed in the posts of these communities. Based on the content of their posts, community users were clustered into supporters and ordinary members. Econometrics was used to analyze the factors that influence supporters’ contributions and ordinary members’ participation in MDCs and UDCs. Results Community response has a positive impact on supporters’ social support and time span in the UDC, but this impact is not significant in the MDC. Supporters expressing positive emotions provide more social support, and they are more willing to serve in the MDC. Supporters expressing negative emotions tend to have longer engagement with the UDC. In addition, community response has a positive effect on ordinary members’ participation in both communities, and this effect is greater in the UDC. Ordinary members expressing positive emotions are more active in the MDC, and ordinary members expressing negative emotions are more active in the UDC. Conclusion This study improves the understanding of users’ online behaviors in ODCs, provides decision-making support for designers and managers of ODCs, and provides information that can be used to help improve aid for people with depression provided by community and mental health professionals.

A variety of unconformity types are commonly developed during the rifting of a continental basin. Identifying their origin and evolution is a prerequisite to understanding the complex tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin and to evaluate the basin’s oil and gas resources. Based on the 2D/3D seismic, geophysical logging, and subsurface lithological data, the unconformities within the rift layer of the Lishu Depression in the Songliao Basin are identified as disconformities, nonconformities, and four “types” of angular unconformities. Their evolution and origin are analyzed by associating the unconformities with the basin’s tectonic evolution. The results show that the rifting of the Lishu Depression was not a continuous process. Instead, several regional tectonic episodes influenced the basin’s evolution. Episodic compressional events and a phase of extension along the main faults determined the basin configuration and sedimentary fill characteristics of different sub-rifting stages. The tectonic history and related paleogeomorphology changes are the dominant factors in the formation of these different unconformity types. During the rifting process, the type and distribution of unconformity varied. In the initial rifting stage, the basin developed a nonconformity and four types of angular unconformities as the result of both regional uplift and fault block tilt. Rotation and tilting of the fault blocks during the intensive rifting resulted in two types of angular unconformities. Finally, in the recession rifting stage, a different form of angular unconformity and disconformity developed, mainly as a result of the regional uplift and subsequent subsidence.

Tectonic depression area within and/or beside widespread basin is regarded as an important location for sub-basin sedimentary sequence of Iraq which may represent an excellent accumulation of bounded sediments. Al-Ma'aniyah depression, southwest Iraq is one of such type of sub-basin. Free-air gravity data show a NS extend of this depression inside Saudi Arabia. This work focuses on studying and multi-2.5D model creation for the depression in the Iraqi territory part using Bouguer gravity data and mapping its basement relief. Firstly, the exact boundary of the depression was outlined utilizing the Free-Air gravity data. Then, a precise selection of regional field for the study area was determined by using the power spectrum method, which accordingly defines the residual anomalies that could represent structural enclosures. Many positive anomalies were assigned and enhanced using vertical and total horizontal derivatives, where they were interpreted as basement-related features. Subsequently, a 2.5D multi modeling and depth inversion for the Bouguer gravity data were accomplished by converting the gravity map to a stacked profiles depth map. A nineteen gravity profiles, which cover the study area, were modeled by assuming 2D intra-sedimentary bodies. These bodies were best presented by a 3D view that clarifies the nature of the subsurface modeled structures. The modeling shows an extra density at the northern part of the depression, in contrast, it suggests low density bodies at its southern part, the case that appears inconsistent with a previously performed magnetic interpretation. The inversion of gravity data shows that the basement depth at Al-Ma'aniyah depression ranges from 7.5 to10 km.

Objectives: Socioeconomic disadvantages interact with numerous factors which affect geriatric mental health. One of the main factors is the social relations of the elderly. The elderly have different experiences and meanings in their social lives depending on their socio-cultural environment. In this study, we compared the effects of social relations on depression among the elderly according to their living arrangement (living alone or living with others) and residential area.Methods: We defined social relations as “meetings with neighbors” (MN). We then analyzed the impact of MN on depression using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging Panel with the generalized estimating equation model. We also examined the moderating effect of living alone and performed subgroup analysis by dividing the sample according to which area they lived in.Results: MN was associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms among elderlies. The size of the effect was larger in rural areas than in large cities. However, elderly those who lived alone in rural areas had a smaller protective impact of MN on depression, comparing to those who lived with others. The moderating effect of living alone was significant only in rural areas.Conclusions: The social relations among elderlies had a positive effect on their mental health: The more frequent MN were held, the less risk of depressive symptoms occurred. However, the effect may vary depending on their living arrangement and environment. Thus, policies or programs targeting to enhance geriatric mental health should consider different socio-cultural backgrounds among elderlies.

The reservoirs in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin are formed by multistage igneous eruption. The lithofacies and lithology are complex, and the lithology is mainly intermediate and basic igneous rocks. Based on the integration of debris data of igneous rocks and logging data, this article selected 6,462 continuous logging data with complete cuttings data and five conventional logging curves (RLLD, AC, DEN, GR, and CNL) from four wells in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin as the training set. A variety of lithologic identification schemes based on support vector machine and random forest are established to classify the pure igneous strata and actual strata. By comparing the classification results with the identification data of core slice and debris slice, a practical lithologic classification scheme for igneous rocks in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin is obtained, and the classification accuracy reaches 97.46%.

The COVID-19 pandemic has wrecked havoc on the mankind and caused dramatic disruptions in personal and professional lives of the people. With economies at the verge of collapse, businesses pushed to a standstill, forced alterations in work environment, and uncertainty about the future, this global health crisis has severely impacted employees and organizations. The virus has not only impacted employees physically but also psychologically as they experienced plethora of intense emotional fluctuations. In this regard, the present study aims to synthesize and analyze the existing literature on the subject and present a conceptual framework to aid understanding of the emotional repercussions of pandemic for employees and organizations at large. The extensive review of literature suggests that the perilous crisis resulted in numerous negative emotional outcomes which majorly converge into three i.e. stress, burnout, and depression. This emotional turmoil gets further reflected in employees' performance at work and thus a conceptual model is developed to holistically capture and present such varied impacts of pandemic on employees. The study also posits that the deleterious emotional impacts can have grave ramifications for the organizations and thus, seek immediate attention of the organizational leaders, managers, and policy makers. Against this backdrop, the practical implications of the study are mentioned and recommendations are made, that may help employees and organizations to survive and sustain any such future crisis situations. © 2021 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health. All rights reserved.