296 results on '"Derek Brown"'
Search Results
2. Suubi + Adherence4Youth: a study protocol to optimize the Suubi Intervention for Adherence to HIV treatment for youth living with HIV in Uganda
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Fred M. Ssewamala, John A. Sauceda, Rachel Brathwaite, Torsten B. Neilands, Proscovia Nabunya, Derek Brown, Ozge Sensoy Bahar, Flavia Namuwonge, Noeline Nakasujja, Allan Mugarura, Abel Mwebembezi, Portia Nartey, Barbara Mukasa, and Marya Gwadz
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Optimization ,Suubi + adherence ,Youth ,Economic empowerment ,Viral suppression ,Adherence ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Suubi is an evidenced based multi-component intervention that targets psychosocial and economic hardships to improve ART adherence, viral suppression, mental health, family financial stability, and family cohesion for adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Uganda. Suubi was originally tested as a combined package of four components: 1) Financial Literacy Training; 2) incentivized matched Youth Savings Accounts with income-generating activities; 3) a manualized and visual-based intervention for ART adherence and stigma reduction; and 4) engagement with HIV treatment-experienced role models. However, it is unknown if each component in Suubi had a positive effect, how the components interacted, or if fewer components could have produced equivalent effects. Hence, the overall goal of this new study is to identify the most impactful and sustainable economic and psychosocial components across 48 health clinics in Uganda. Methods A total of 576 ALHIV (aged 11–17 years at enrollment) will be recruited from 48 clinics and each clinic will be randomized to one of 16 study conditions. Each condition represents every possible combination of the 4 components noted above. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 12, 24, 36 and 48- months post-intervention initiation. Using the multi-phase optimization strategy (MOST), we will identify the optimal combination of components and associated costs for viral suppression, as well as test key mediators and moderators of the component-viral suppression relationship. Discussion The study is a shift in the paradigm of research to use new thinking to build/un-pack highly efficacious interventions that lead to new scientific knowledge in terms of understanding what drives an intervention’s success and how to iterate on them in ways that are more efficient, affordable and scalable. The study advances intervention science for HIV care outcomes globally. Trial Registration This project was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05600621) on October, 31, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05600621
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- 2023
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3. Results of a Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-Institutional Pilot Creating High-Yield Physics Educational Content (Hi-Phy)
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Gabrielle W. Peters, MD, Douglas Forbush, BA, Martin Slade, MPH, Justin de la Cruz, MS, Todd F. Atwood, PhD, Derek Brown, PhD, Jay Burmeister, PhD, Eric Ford, PhD, Titania Juang, PhD, Holly Lincoln, MS, and Suzanne B. Evans, MD, MPH
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Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Purpose: The quality of medical physics education is heterogenous across training programs, despite its importance in radiation oncology (RO) residency training. We present the results of a pilot series of free high-yield physics educational videos covering 4 topics chosen from the American Society for Radiation Oncology core curriculum. Methods and materials: Scripting and storyboarding of videos were iterative processes performed by 2 ROs and 6 medical physicists, with animations created by a university broadcasting specialist. Current RO residents and those who had graduated after 2018 were recruited through social media and e-mail with an aim of 60 participants. Two validated surveys were adapted for use and were completed after each video as well as a final overall assessment. Content was released sequentially after completion of the survey instruments for each prior video. All videos were created and released within 1 year of project initiation with a duration of 9 to 11 minutes. Results: There were 169 enrollees for the pilot from across the world, 211% of the targeted cohort size. Of these, 154 met eligibility criteria and received the first video. One hundred eight enrollees initiated the series and 85 completed the pilot, resulting in a 78% completion rate. Participants reported improved understanding and confidence applying the knowledge learned in the videos (median score 4 out of 5). All participants reported that the use of graphic animation improved understanding across all videos. Ninety-three percent agreed with a need for additional resources geared specifically toward RO residents and 100% would recommend these videos to other residents. Use metrics revealed the average watch time was 7 minutes (range, 6:17-7:15). Conclusions: The high-yield educational physics video pilot series was successful in developing videos that were effective in teaching RO physics concepts.
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- 2023
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4. Suubi+Adherence-Round 2: A study protocol to examine the longitudinal HIV treatment adherence among youth living with HIV transitioning into young adulthood in Southern Uganda
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Fred M. Ssewamala, Ozge Sensoy Bahar, Proscovia Nabunya, April D. Thames, Torsten B. Neilands, Christopher Damulira, Barbara Mukasa, Rachel Brathwaite, Claude Mellins, John Santelli, Derek Brown, Shenyang Guo, Phionah Namatovu, Joshua Kiyingi, Flavia Namuwonge, and Mary M. McKay
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Youth living with HIV ,cohort ,economic empowerment ,sub-Saharan Africa ,Uganda ,HIV/AIDS ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Youth living with HIV (YLHIV) in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) are less likely to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and other health-related regimens. As a consequence, YLHIV are not only at risk for health problems and mental health comorbidities, but are also at risk for cognitive deficits, including in areas of memory and executive functioning. The Suubi+Adherence study followed 702 adolescents (10-16 years of age) receiving bolstered standard of care and a family economic empowerment intervention comprising an incentivized youth financial savings account (YSA) augmented with financial literacy training (FLT) and peer mentorship. The study findings pointed to superior short-term viral suppression and positive adolescent health and mental health functioning among participants receiving the intervention. The original group of adolescents who received Suubi+Adherence are now transitioning into young adulthood. This paper presents a protocol for the follow-up phase titled Suubi+Adherence Round 2. Methods The original cohort in Suubi+Adherence will be tracked for an additional five years (2020-2025). Specifically, the long term follow-up will allow to: 1) ascertain the extent to which the short term outcomes identified in the first 6 years of the intervention are maintained as the same group transitions through young adulthood; and 2) address new scientific questions regarding ART adherence; HIV care engagement; protective health behaviors; and the potential of FEE to mitigate the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in YLHIV. Additionally, the team examines the potential mechanisms through which the observed long-term outcomes happen. Moreover, the Suubi+Adherence-Round 2 adds a qualitative component and extends the cost effectiveness component. Discussion Guided by asset and human development theories, Suubi+Adherence-R2 will build on the recently concluded Suubi+Adherence study to conduct one of the largest and longest running studies of YLHIV in SSA as they transition into young adulthood. The study will address new scientific questions regarding long-term ART adherence, HIV care engagement, protective health behaviors, and the potential of FEE to mitigate the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in YLHIV. The findings may inform efforts to improve HIV care among Uganda’s YLHIV, with potential replicability in other low-resource countries. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , ID: NCT01790373
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- 2021
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5. Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Characteristics of CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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Shailesh M. Advani, Pragati Advani, Stacia M. DeSantis, Derek Brown, Helena M. VonVille, Michael Lam, Jonathan M. Loree, Amir Mehrvarz Sarshekeh, Jan Bressler, David S. Lopez, Carrie R. Daniel, Michael D. Swartz, and Scott Kopetz
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
BACKGROUND: CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) tumors, comprising 20% of colorectal cancers, are associated with female sex, age, right-sided location, and BRAF mutations. However, other factors potentially associated with CIMP have not been robustly examined. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of the clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics that define CIMP tumors. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature from January 1999 through April 2018 and identified 122 articles, on which comprehensive data abstraction was performed on the clinical, pathologic, molecular, and mutational characteristics of CIMP subgroups, classified based on the extent of DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes assessed using a variety of laboratory methods. Associations of CIMP with outcome parameters were estimated using pooled odds ratio or standardized mean differences using random-effects model. RESULTS: We confirmed prior associations including female sex, older age, right-sided tumor location, poor differentiation, and microsatellite instability. In addition to the recognized association with BRAF mutations, CIMP was also associated with PIK3CA mutations and lack of mutations in KRAS and TP53. Evidence of an activated immune response was seen with high rates of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (but not peritumoral lymphocytes), Crohn-like infiltrates, and infiltration with Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria. Additionally, CIMP tumors were associated with advance T-stage and presence of perineural and lymphovascular invasion. CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis highlights key features distinguishing CIMP in colorectal cancer, including molecular characteristics of an active immune response. Improved understanding of this unique molecular subtype of colorectal cancer may provide insights into prevention and treatment.
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- 2018
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6. The duration of antibiotic treatment is associated with carriage of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of Clostridioides difficile in dogs.
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Carolina Albuquerque, Davide Pagnossin, Kirsten Landsgaard, Jessica Simpson, Derek Brown, June Irvine, Denise Candlish, Alison E Ridyard, Gillian Douce, and Caroline Millins
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of human antibiotic-associated diarrhoeal disease globally. Zoonotic reservoirs of infection are increasingly suspected to play a role in the emergence of this disease in the community and dogs are considered as one potential source. Here we use a canine case-control study at a referral veterinary hospital in Scotland to assess: i) the risk factors associated with carriage of C. difficile by dogs, ii) whether carriage of C. difficile is associated with clinical disease in dogs and iii) the similarity of strains isolated from dogs with local human clinical surveillance. The overall prevalence of C. difficile carriage in dogs was 18.7% (95% CI 14.8-23.2%, n = 61/327) of which 34% (n = 21/61) were toxigenic strains. We found risk factors related to prior antibiotic treatment were significantly associated with C. difficile carriage by dogs. However, the presence of toxigenic strains of C. difficile in a canine faecal sample was not associated with diarrhoeal disease in dogs. Active toxin was infrequently detected in canine faecal samples carrying toxigenic strains (2/11 samples). Both dogs in which active toxin was detected had no clinical evidence of gastrointestinal disease. Among the ten toxigenic ribotypes of C. difficile detected in dogs in this study, six of these (012, 014, 020, 026, 078, 106) were ribotypes commonly associated with human clinical disease in Scotland, while nontoxigenic isolates largely belonged to 010 and 039 ribotypes. Whilst C. difficile does not appear commonly associated with diarrhoeal disease in dogs, antibiotic treatment increases carriage of this bacteria including toxigenic strains commonly found in human clinical disease.
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- 2021
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7. The steady pace of philosophy of colour
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Derek Brown
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philosophy of colour ,metaphilosophy ,philosophy of art ,virtual reality ,philosophy of perception ,imagination ,augmented reality ,predictive coding ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 ,Ethics ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
I outline five issues in philosophy of colour that deserve greater attention and provide skeletal frameworks for how future work on these topics could be carried out. The issues are: colour and metaphilosophy (§1), colour and artistic practice (§2), colour and virtual/augmented reality (§3), colour and imagination (§4), and colour and the predictive mind (§5). Some of these issues have been a focus of important recent works. Thus, colour conjoined with each of metaphilosophy, artistic practice and imagination have all been examined in at least a few recent publications – see below for references. It is clear, however, that these recent works are signals that there is much still to be done. By contrast, while at present there is a great deal of interest in the predictive mind, the intersection of colour and the predictive mind is vastly underexplored. This is despite the fact that the philosophy and science of colour are rather developed disciplines. Finally, while there have been some very important recent works on virtual and augmented reality, the significance of colour for these studies has yet to be examined. It is my hope that after reading this article readers are convinced not only that the philosophy of colour has a rich, recent history, but also a very bright future.
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- 2020
8. A Role for Tetracycline Selection in Recent Evolution of Agriculture-Associated Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 078
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Kate E. Dingle, Xavier Didelot, T. Phuong Quan, David W. Eyre, Nicole Stoesser, Charis A. Marwick, John Coia, Derek Brown, Sarah Buchanan, Umer Z. Ijaz, Cosmika Goswami, Gill Douce, Warren N. Fawley, Mark H. Wilcox, Timothy E. A. Peto, A. Sarah Walker, and Derrick W. Crook
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Clostridium difficile ,tetracycline resistance ,whole-genome sequencing ,phylogenetic analysis ,emerging pathogen ,PCR ribotype 078 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT The increasing clinical importance of human infections (frequently severe) caused by Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 (RT078) was first reported in 2008. The severity of symptoms (mortality of ≤30%) and the higher proportion of infections among community and younger patients raised concerns. Farm animals, especially pigs, have been identified as RT078 reservoirs. We aimed to understand the recent changes in RT078 epidemiology by investigating a possible role for antimicrobial selection in its recent evolutionary history. Phylogenetic analysis of international RT078 genomes (isolates from 2006 to 2014, n = 400), using time-scaled, recombination-corrected, maximum likelihood phylogenies, revealed several recent clonal expansions. A common ancestor of each expansion had independently acquired a different allele of the tetracycline resistance gene tetM. Consequently, an unusually high proportion (76.5%) of RT078 genomes were tetM positive. Multiple additional tetracycline resistance determinants were also identified (including efflux pump tet40), frequently sharing a high level of nucleotide sequence identity (up to 100%) with sequences found in the pig pathogen Streptococcus suis and in other zoonotic pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Each RT078 tetM clonal expansion lacked geographic structure, indicating rapid, recent international spread. Resistance determinants for C. difficile infection-triggering antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones and clindamycin, were comparatively rare in RT078. Tetracyclines are used intensively in agriculture; this selective pressure, plus rapid, international spread via the food chain, may explain the increased RT078 prevalence in humans. Our work indicates that the use of antimicrobials outside the health care environment has selected for resistant organisms, and in the case of RT078, has contributed to the emergence of a human pathogen. IMPORTANCE Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 (RT078) has multiple reservoirs; many are agricultural. Since 2005, this genotype has been increasingly associated with human infections in both clinical settings and the community. Investigations of RT078 whole-genome sequences revealed that tetracycline resistance had been acquired on multiple independent occasions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a rapid, recent increase in numbers of closely related tetracycline-resistant RT078 (clonal expansions), suggesting that tetracycline selection has strongly influenced its recent evolutionary history. We demonstrate recent international spread of emergent, tetracycline-resistant RT078. A similar tetracycline-positive clonal expansion was also identified in unrelated nontoxigenic C. difficile, suggesting that this process may be widespread and may be independent of disease-causing ability. Resistance to typical C. difficile infection-associated antimicrobials (e.g., fluoroquinolones, clindamycin) occurred only sporadically within RT078. Selective pressure from tetracycline appears to be a key factor in the emergence of this human pathogen and the rapid international dissemination that followed, plausibly via the food chain.
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- 2019
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9. Neutral genomic microevolution of a recently emerged pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Agona.
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Zhemin Zhou, Angela McCann, Eva Litrup, Ronan Murphy, Martin Cormican, Seamus Fanning, Derek Brown, David S Guttman, Sylvain Brisse, and Mark Achtman
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Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Agona has caused multiple food-borne outbreaks of gastroenteritis since it was first isolated in 1952. We analyzed the genomes of 73 isolates from global sources, comparing five distinct outbreaks with sporadic infections as well as food contamination and the environment. Agona consists of three lineages with minimal mutational diversity: only 846 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have accumulated in the non-repetitive, core genome since Agona evolved in 1932 and subsequently underwent a major population expansion in the 1960s. Homologous recombination with other serovars of S. enterica imported 42 recombinational tracts (360 kb) in 5/143 nodes within the genealogy, which resulted in 3,164 additional SNPs. In contrast to this paucity of genetic diversity, Agona is highly diverse according to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which is used to assign isolates to outbreaks. PFGE diversity reflects a highly dynamic accessory genome associated with the gain or loss (indels) of 51 bacteriophages, 10 plasmids, and 6 integrative conjugational elements (ICE/IMEs), but did not correlate uniquely with outbreaks. Unlike the core genome, indels occurred repeatedly in independent nodes (homoplasies), resulting in inaccurate PFGE genealogies. The accessory genome contained only few cargo genes relevant to infection, other than antibiotic resistance. Thus, most of the genetic diversity within this recently emerged pathogen reflects changes in the accessory genome, or is due to recombination, but these changes seemed to reflect neutral processes rather than Darwinian selection. Each outbreak was caused by an independent clade, without universal, outbreak-associated genomic features, and none of the variable genes in the pan-genome seemed to be associated with an ability to cause outbreaks.
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- 2013
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10. Political Theology after Metaphysics
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Derek Brown and Derek Brown
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- 2023
11. Outcomes from a 3-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy regimen for patients with cervical cancer
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Casey W. Williamson, Nikhil V. Kotha, Jingjing Zou, Derek Brown, Daniel Scanderbeg, Dominique Rash, John Einck, Catheryn Yashar, Loren K. Mell, and Jyoti Mayadev
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Oncology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2023
12. Design of a microgrid transition controller I: For smooth transition operation under normal conditions.
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Jing Wang, Bouna M. Cisse, and Derek Brown
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- 2017
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13. Development of a microgrid control system for a solar-plus-battery microgrid to support a critical facility.
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Jing Wang, Bouna M. Cisse, Derek Brown, and Adam Crabb
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- 2017
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14. Input-output analysis of international research collaborations: a case study of five U.S. universities.
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Jane G. Payumo, Taurean C. Sutton, Derek Brown, Dan Nordquist, Marc Evans, Danna Moore, and Prema Arasu
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- 2017
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15. Lessons Learned From an Educational Pilot: High-Yield Physics Videos for Radiation Oncology Residents
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Gabrielle W. Peters, Todd F. Atwood, Derek Brown, Jay Burmeister, Eric Ford, Titania Juang, Holly Lincoln, and Suzanne B. Evans
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Oncology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2023
16. The Influence of Social Norms on the Expression of Anti-Black Bias
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Abby Corrington, Naomi M. Fa-Kaji, Mikki Hebl, Anamely Salgado, N. Derek Brown, and Linnea Ng
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Business and International Management ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,General Psychology ,Applied Psychology - Published
- 2022
17. Majority members misperceive even 'win-win' diversity policies as unbeneficial to them
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N. Derek Brown and Drew S. Jacoby-Senghor
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Minority group ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cultural Diversity ,Ingroups and outgroups ,Win-win game ,Race (biology) ,Policy ,Framing (social sciences) ,Underrepresented Minority ,Humans ,Ideology ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Minority Groups ,media_common ,Diversity (business) - Abstract
Six studies show that majority members misperceive diversity policies as unbeneficial to their ingroup, even when policies benefit them. Majority members perceived nonzero-sum university admission policies-policies that increase acceptance of both URM (i.e., underrepresented minority) and non-URM applicants-as harmful to their ingroup when merely framed as "diversity" policies. Even for policies lacking a diversity framing (i.e., "leadership" policies), majority members misperceived that their ingroup would not benefit when policies provided relatively greater benefit to URMs, but not when they provided relatively greater benefit to non-URMs. No consistent evidence emerged that these effects were driven by ideological factors: Majority members' misperceptions occurred even when accounting for self-reported beliefs around diversity, hierarchy, race, and politics. Instead, we find that majority group membership itself predicts misperceptions, such that both Black and White participants accurately perceive nonzero-sum diversity policies as also benefiting the majority when participants are represented as members of the minority group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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- 2022
18. Supplementary Table 6 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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Relationship between rs1126579 and lung cancer survival.
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- 2023
19. Supplementary Figure 2 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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Representative images of CXCR2 staining in lung cancer specimens from the NCI-MD case control study.
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- 2023
20. Supplementary Table 7 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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Effect modification between IL-8 and rs1126579.
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- 2023
21. Supplementary Table 4 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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List of SNPs successfully genotypes in the NCI/MD Case Control study.
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- 2023
22. Supplementary Table 5 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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Risk associations stratified by smoking status.
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- 2023
23. Supplementary Figure 3 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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CXCR2 isoform expression in human lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tissue.
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- 2023
24. Supplementary Figure 4 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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CXCR2 isoform expression predicted by Emsembl.
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- 2023
25. Supplementary Table 3 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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List of non-polymorphic SNPs.
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- 2023
26. Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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Predicted modulation of miR-138-1* binding to CXCR2 mRNA by rs1126579.
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- 2023
27. Supplementary Table 2 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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List of SNPs that failed primer design.
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- 2023
28. Supplementary Table 1 from Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
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Curtis C. Harris, Jun Yokota, Ramakrishna Modali, Hirokazu Okayama, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mohammed Khan, Derek Brown, Sharon R. Pine, Elise D. Bowman, Majda Haznadar, Andrew C. McClary, Ana I. Robles, and Bríd M. Ryan
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List of genes included in the study.
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- 2023
29. Novel groups - joint vs. separate policy evaluation
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N. Derek Brown, Jacoby-Senghor, Drew S, and Raymundo, Isaac
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Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
Utilizing the novel groups paradigm, we examine how advantaged group members' perceptions of equality policies are influenced by joint vs. separate evaluations.
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- 2023
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30. Novel groups (equality- vs. inequality-enhancing policies)
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Raymundo, Isaac, N. Derek Brown, and Jacoby-Senghor, Drew S
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Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
We examine how advantaged group members perceived equality-enhancing policies in novel groups settings.
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- 2023
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31. Policy vignettes (opportunity cost)
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Jacoby-Senghor, Drew S, N. Derek Brown, and Raymundo, Isaac
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Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
We examine how majority group members perceive equality-enhancing policies.
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- 2023
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32. Using the Inverse Maximum Ratio-Λ as a Technique to Quantify Surface Uniformity.
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Avinash Chandran, Derek Brown, Jerome Danoff, and Loretta DiPietro
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- 2016
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33. ACR–ABS–ASTRO practice parameter for the performance of radionuclide-based high-dose-rate brachytherapy
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Martin T. King, Derek Brown, Peter F. Orio, Prema Rassiah, Firas Mourtada, Michael Price, Mitchell Kamrava, Abhishek A. Solanki, William Small, Naomi R. Schechter, Kevin Albuquerque, Matthew M. Harkenrider, and Rakesh Patel
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Radioisotopes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Brachytherapy ,Radiotherapy Dosage ,High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy ,Oncology ,Neoplasms ,Radiation oncology ,Radiation Oncology ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Medical physics ,External beam radiotherapy ,business ,Radiation treatment planning ,Dose rate ,Quality assurance ,Societies, Medical ,Radiation oncologist - Abstract
purpose This practice parameter aims to detail the processes, qualifications of personnel, patient selection, equipment, patient and personnel safety, documentation, and quality control and improvement necessary for an HDR brachytherapy program. Methods and Materials This practice parameter was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), and the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). Results Brachytherapy is a radiotherapeutic modality in which radionuclide or electronic sources are used to deliver a radiation dose at a distance of up to a few centimeters by surface, intracavitary, intraluminal, or interstitial application. Brachytherapy alone or combined with external beam radiotherapy plays an important role in the management and treatment of patients with cancer. High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy uses radionuclides, such as iridium-192, at dose rates of ≥12 Gy/hr to a designated target point or volume, and it is an important treatment for a variety of malignant and benign conditions. Its use allows for application of high doses of radiation to defined target volumes with relative sparing of adjacent critical structures. Conclusions HDR brachytherapy requires detailed attention to personnel, equipment, patient and personnel safety, and continuing staff education. Coordination between the radiation oncologist and treatment planning staff and effective quality assurance procedures are important components of successful HDR brachytherapy programs.
- Published
- 2021
34. Colour variation without objective colour
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Derek Brown
- Subjects
Microbiology - Abstract
Colour variation is the fact that what colour physical objects look to have depends on viewing conditions and a perceiver’s visual system. Both Colour Relationalists and Colour Eliminativists regard their analyses of colour variation as central to the justification for their respective views. Yet the analyses are decidedly different. Colour Relationalists assert that most instances of colour variation are veridical and infer from this that colours are relational properties of objects that are partly determined by perceivers. By contrast, Colour Eliminativists assert that colour variation is too unsystematic to ground the claim that many or most instances of colour variation are veridical. From this they infer that objects don’t have colours. I argue that the Eliminativist analysis is superior. On my view, the Relationalist account of veridical colour experience reduces to the assertion that objects have colour simply because they cause perceivers to have colour experiences of them. In this context, I argue, the resulting conception of veridicality is vacuous. More directly, the foundational idea of Eliminativism is the opposite claim: the fact that objects cause perceivers to have colour experiences of them is on its own not sufficient to justify or ground the claim that objects have colour. The Relationalist, I argue, has failed to justify anything stronger than this. In this debate we should thus side with the Eliminativist: objects do not possess colour; they merely cause us to undergo colour experiences.
- Published
- 2022
35. NOVEL AVIBACTERIUM SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH SINUSITIS AND CONJUNCTIVITIS IN A MERRIAM'S WILD TURKEY (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO MERRIAMI) FLOCK IN COLORADO, USA
- Author
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Jayne S, Ellis, Christopher A, MacGlover, Kerry S, Sondgeroth, Derek, Brown, Joshua B, Daniels, and Karen A, Fox
- Subjects
Colorado ,Ecology ,Animals ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
A Merriam's Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) with periocular swelling and periocular skin crusting in Pueblo County, Colorado, USA, was diagnosed with severe catarrhal and fibrinous sinusitis and conjunctivitis. A novel clade of Avibacterium was detected in the exudate from this bird. Although eight additional turkeys culled from the affected flock did not have clinical signs or gross lesions, histologically all had mild-to-moderate chronic sinusitis, and infraorbital cultures yielded the same novel clade of Avibacterium that was found in the symptomatic turkey. The presence of this Avibacterium species in the absence of significant disease in some birds suggested that other factors might have been involved in the development of severe sinusitis and conjunctivitis in the symptomatic Wild Turkey. Negative culture results from a distant flock of Wild Turkeys, acquired with similar methods to the affected flock, suggested that this novel species of Avibacterium was not widespread throughout Wild Turkeys in Colorado.
- Published
- 2022
36. The eradication of Campbell Island sheep and subsequent ecological response
- Author
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Derek Brown, Finlay Cox, and Alexander Fergus
- Subjects
Ecology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2022
37. Response to 'Comments on Economic Evaluation of Ultrasound-guided Central Venous Catheter Confirmation vs Chest Radiography in Critically Ill Patients: A Labor Cost Model'
- Author
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Enyo Ablordeppey, Adam Koenig, Abigail Barker, Emily Hernandez, Suzanne Simkovich, James Krings, Derek Brown, and Richard Griffey
- Subjects
Emergency Medicine ,General Medicine - Abstract
n/a
- Published
- 2023
38. New Perspectives on Increasing Diversity and Reducing Inequality in Organizations
- Author
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Linda Chang, Aneesh Rai, Peter Belmi, N. Derek Brown, Matthew Asher Lawson, Colleen Stuart, Edward Chang, Trudy Fraser, Imrul Huda, Drew Jacoby-Senghor, Erika Kirgios, Ashley E. Martin, Sandra Matz, Katherine Milkman, Alexander Oettl, and Isaac Raymundo
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2022
39. The Influence of Social Norms on the Endorsement of Anti-Black Attitudes
- Author
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Abby Corrington, Naomi Fa-Kaji, Michelle Hebl, Anamely Salgado, N. Derek Brown, and Linnea Ng
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2022
40. A randomized patient education trial investigating treatment-related distress and satisfaction with the use of an at-home gynecologic brachytherapy educational video
- Author
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Nikhil V Kotha, Kripa Guram, Kylie Morgan, Leah Deshler, Derek Brown, Dominique Rash, Brandon Dyer, Michael McHale, Catheryn Yashar, Daniel Scanderbeg, John Einck, and Jyoti Mayadev
- Subjects
Oncology ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Abstract
BackgroundPhysician explanation of gynecologic brachytherapy can be overwhelming or induce patient anxiety, and may be time-constrained given clinical limitations. We report the first randomized trial of an educational video intervention in gynecologic brachytherapy on patient-reported outcomes.MethodsBetween February 2020 and January 2022, 80 gynecologic cancer patients prescribed brachytherapy were randomly assigned to either standard informed consent (Arm A) or a supplemental 16 min brachytherapy educational video (https://vimeo.com/403385455/d0716e3cc8) via the internet (Arm B). Primary outcome was treatment-related distress (National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) distress scale scored 0 (no distress) to 10 (maximum distress)). Secondary outcome was patient satisfaction (summated Likert-scale scored 11–55). Surveys were administered at baseline, after first treatment, and prior to brachytherapy completion.ResultsAll patients completed the prescribed brachytherapy. In Arm B, 19/40 (48%) patients and 10/40 (25%) patients’ family/friends viewed the video. For patients that completed all surveys (Arm A n=29, Arm B n=28), there was no difference between arms in the sociodemographic, clinical, or treatment variables. Distress scores were low at baseline (Arm A median 4, Arm B median 4, p=0.65) and there was no detectable change in distress between arms on surveys 1 and 2 (β 0.36, p=0.67) or surveys 1 and 3 (β −1.02, p=0.29) in multivariable analysis. Satisfaction scores were high at baseline (Arm A median 54, Arm B median 54.5, p=0.64) and there was no detectable change in satisfaction between arms on surveys 1 and 2 (β 0.22, p=0.93) or surveys 1 and 3 (β 0.63, p=0.85) in multivariable analysis.ConclusionsAmong patients randomized to an educational video tool for gynecologic brachytherapy, approximately 50% of the cohort and 25% of the cohort's family/friends used the video. Overall, patients had low distress scores and high satisfaction scores with no significant differences between the standard and video intervention arms. Further work is needed to understand factors contributing to gynecologic brachytherapy anxiety.Trial registration numberNCT04363957.
- Published
- 2023
41. Automated treatment planning framework for brachytherapy of cervical cancer using 3D dose predictions
- Author
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Karoline Kallis, Lance C Moore, Katherina G Cortes, Derek Brown, Jyoti Mayadev, Kevin L Moore, and Sandra M Meyers
- Subjects
Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Abstract
Objective. To lay the foundation for automated knowledge-based brachytherapy treatment planning using 3D dose estimations, we describe an optimization framework to convert brachytherapy dose distributions directly into dwell times (DTs). Approach. A dose rate kernel d ̇ ( r , θ , φ ) was produced by exporting 3D dose for one dwell position from the treatment planning system and normalizing by DT. By translating and rotating this kernel to each dwell position, scaling by DT and summing over all dwell positions, dose was computed (D calc). We used a Python-coded COBYLA optimizer to iteratively determine the DTs that minimize the mean squared error between D calc and reference dose D ref, computed using voxels with D ref 80%–120% of prescription. As validation of the optimization, we showed that the optimizer replicates clinical plans when D ref = clinical dose in 40 patients treated with tandem-and-ovoid (T&O) or tandem-and-ring (T&R) and 0–3 needles. Then we demonstrated automated planning in 10 T&O using D ref = dose predicted from a convolutional neural network developed in past work. Validation and automated plans were compared to clinical plans using mean absolute differences ( MAD = 1 N ∑ n = 1 N abs x n − x n ′ ) over all voxels (xn = Dose, N = #voxels) and DTs (xn = DT, N = #dwell positions), mean differences (MD) in organ D 2cc and high-risk CTV D90 over all patients (where positive indicates higher clinical dose), and mean Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) for 100% isodose contours. Main results. Validation plans agreed well with clinical plans (MADdose = 1.1%, MADDT = 4 s or 0.8% of total plan time, D 2cc MD = −0.2% to 0.2% and D90 MD = −0.6%, DSC = 0.99). For automated plans, MADdose = 6.5% and MADDT = 10.3 s (2.1%). The slightly higher clinical metrics in automated plans (D 2cc MD = −3.8% to 1.3% and D90 MD = −5.1%) were due to higher neural network dose predictions. The overall shape of the automated dose distributions were similar to clinical doses (DSC = 0.91). Significance. Automated planning with 3D dose predictions could provide significant time savings and standardize treatment planning across practitioners, regardless of experience.
- Published
- 2023
42. Hematopoietic mosaic chromosomal alterations increase the risk for diverse types of infection
- Author
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Seyedeh M. Zekavat, Iuliana Ionita-Laza, Pradeep Natarajan, Zhaolong Yu, Kaavya Paruchuri, Akhil Pampana, Eric A. Engels, Scott T. Weiss, Steven A. McCarroll, Shu-Hong Lin, Matthew S. Lebo, Mark J. Daly, Mitchell J. Machiela, Muredach P. Reilly, Romit Bhattacharya, Puja Kohli, Xiaoxi Liu, Mesbah Uddin, Jordan W. Smoller, Robert C. Green, Chen Wang, James P. Pirruccello, Alexander G. Bick, Yixuan Ye, Andrea Ganna, Aoxing Liu, Po-Ru Loh, Benjamin M. Neale, Giulio Genovese, Patrick T. Ellinor, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Chikashi Terao, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Yoichiro Kamatani, Hongyu Zhao, Benjamin L. Ebert, and Derek Brown
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,business.industry ,Cancer ,Genome-wide association study ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Infectious disease (medical specialty) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Genotype ,Immunology ,medicine ,Risk factor ,business ,Genotyping - Abstract
Age is the dominant risk factor for infectious diseases, but the mechanisms linking the two are incompletely understood1,2. Age-related mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) detected from blood-derived DNA genotyping, are structural somatic variants associated with aberrant leukocyte cell counts, hematological malignancy, and mortality3-11. Whether mCAs represent independent risk factors for infection is unknown. Here we use genome-wide genotyping of blood DNA to show that mCAs predispose to diverse infectious diseases. We analyzed mCAs from 767,891 individuals without hematological cancer at DNA acquisition across four countries. Expanded mCA (cell fraction10%) prevalence approached 4% by 60 years of age and was associated with diverse incident infections, including sepsis, pneumonia, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization. A genome-wide association study of expanded mCAs identified 63 significant loci. Germline genetic alleles associated with expanded mCAs were enriched at transcriptional regulatory sites for immune cells. Our results link mCAs with impaired immunity and predisposition to infections. Furthermore, these findings may also have important implications for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in prioritizing individual preventive strategies and evaluating immunization responses.
- Published
- 2021
43. The Economic Burden of Intimate Partner Violence in Colombia: Estimated Health Costs Among Females Aged 13-24
- Author
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Derek Brown, Melissa Meinhart, Catherine Poulton, and Lindsay Stark
- Subjects
Clinical Psychology ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most pervasive form of gender-based violence, often first experienced in adolescence. While the prevalence of IPV is known to be exacerbated in humanitarian settings, little is known in regard to the economic burden of IPV between conflict-affected and non–conflicted-affected groups of women and girls. This top-down costing study examines the total health burden of physical IPV in Colombia, and whether these costs differ by conflict exposure. Methods We utilized a nationally representative sample of 13–24-year-old females from the Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS) in Colombia conducted in 2018. Using physical IPV prevalence, the analysis was conducted in four steps: 1) estimate the relative risk of seven IPV-associated health outcomes among the sample and subgroups, 2) estimate the population attributable fraction of IPV for each health outcome, 3) quantify the burden of IPV in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and 4) assign health costs in US dollars to the estimated DALYs. Results We found that the single year health burden associated with physical IPV was $90.6 million USD. Moreover, nearly 40% of the economic burden of physical IPV among females aged 13–24 in Colombia was from those who were conflict-affected (24%). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that at least 16% of the overall health costs among females 13–24 in Colombia is from the preventable epidemic of physical IPV. In order to prevent and mitigate the costs of gender-based violence, multi-lateral and government investment is critically needed to prevent IPV and support women and girls.
- Published
- 2022
44. If you rise, I fall: Equality is prevented by the misperception that it harms advantaged groups
- Author
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N. Derek Brown, Drew S. Jacoby-Senghor, and Isaac Raymundo
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Nine preregistered studies (n= 4197) demonstrate that advantaged group members misperceive equality as necessarily harming their access to resources and inequality as necessarily benefitting them. Only when equality is increased within their ingroup, instead of between groups, do advantaged group members accurately perceive it as unharmful. Misperceptions persist when equality-enhancing policies offer broad benefits to society or when resources, and resource access, are unlimited. A longitudinal survey of the 2020 U.S. voters reveals that harm perceptions predict voting against actual equality-enhancing policies, more so than voters’ political and egalitarian beliefs. Finally two novel-groups experiments experiments reveal that advantaged participants’ harm misperceptions predict voting for inequality-enhancing policies that financially hurt them and against equality-enhancing policies that financially benefit them. Misperceptions persist even after an intervention to improve decision-making. This misperception that equality is necessarily zero-sum may explain why inequality prevails even as it incurs societal costs that harm everyone.
- Published
- 2022
45. Investigation of an international outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic
- Author
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Lesley, Larkin, Maria, Pardos de la Gandara, Ann, Hoban, Caisey, Pulford, Nathalie, Jourdan-Da Silva, Henriette, de Valk, Lynda, Browning, Gerhard, Falkenhorst, Sandra, Simon, Raskit, Lachmann, Rikard, Dryselius, Nadja, Karamehmedovic, Stefan, Börjesson, Dieter, van Cauteren, Valeska, Laisnez, Wesley, Mattheus, Roan, Pijnacker, Maaike, van den Beld, Joël, Mossong, Catherine, Ragimbeau, Anne, Vergison, Lin, Thorstensen Brandal, Heidi, Lange, Patricia, Garvey, Charlotte Salgaard, Nielsen, Silvia, Herrera León, Carmen, Varela, Marie, Chattaway, François-Xavier, Weill, Derek, Brown, and Paul, McKeown
- Subjects
Salmonella typhimurium ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Chocolate ,Child ,United Kingdom ,Disease Outbreaks - Abstract
An extensive multi-country outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic
- Published
- 2022
46. Propensity score stratification methods for continuous treatments
- Author
-
Stacia M. DeSantis, Thomas J Greene, Anna V. Wilkinson, Derek Brown, and Michael D. Swartz
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Computer science ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,010104 statistics & probability ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Statistics ,Covariate ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,Child ,Propensity Score ,Cumulative distribution function ,Smoking ,Nonparametric statistics ,Empirical distribution function ,Weighting ,Causality ,Causal inference ,Propensity score matching ,Observational study - Abstract
Continuous treatments propensity scoring remains understudied as the majority of methods are focused on the binary treatment setting. Current propensity score methods for continuous treatments typically rely on weighting in order to produce causal estimates. It has been shown that in some continuous treatment settings, weighting methods can result in worse covariate balance than had no adjustments been made to the data. Furthermore, weighting is not always stable, and resultant estimates may be unreliable due to extreme weights. These issues motivate the current development of novel propensity score stratification techniques to be used with continuous treatments. Specifically, the generalized propensity score cumulative distribution function (GPS-CDF) and the nonparametric GPS-CDF (npGPS-CDF) approaches are introduced. Empirical CDFs are used to stratify subjects based on pretreatment confounders in order to produce causal estimates. A detailed simulation study shows superiority of these new stratification methods based on the empirical CDF, when compared to standard weighting techniques. The proposed methods are applied to the “Mexican American Tobacco use in Children” (MATCh) study to determine the causal relationship between continuous exposure to smoking imagery in movies, and smoking behavior among Mexican-American adolescents. These promising results provide investigators with new options for implementing continuous treatment propensity scoring.
- Published
- 2020
47. Implementation of peer-review quality rounds for gynecologic brachytherapy in a high-volume academic center
- Author
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Dominique Rash, Minh-Phuong Huynh-Le, John P. Einck, Arno J. Mundt, Aaron B. Simon, Parag Sanghvi, Daniel J. Scanderbeg, Loren K. Mell, David J. Hoopes, Catheryn M. Yashar, Derek Brown, Jyoti Mayadev, and Todd Pawlicki
- Subjects
Organs at Risk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genital Neoplasms, Female ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Brachytherapy ,Gynecologic oncology ,Radiation Dosage ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Dosimetry ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Medical physics ,Gynecologic brachytherapy ,Academic Medical Centers ,business.industry ,Radiation therapy ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Radiation Oncology ,Teaching Rounds ,Female ,Dose Fractionation, Radiation ,Implant ,business ,Quality assurance ,Hospitals, High-Volume - Abstract
Purpose While peer review is critical for quality and safety in radiotherapy, there are neither formal guidelines nor format examples for brachytherapy (BT) peer review. We report on a gynecologic BT peer-review method implemented at a high-volume academic center. Methods and Materials We analyzed discussions at bimonthly gynecologic BT peer-review rounds between July and December 2018. Rounds consisted of 2–5 attending physicians with gynecologic BT expertise, 1–2 BT physicists, and trainees. Peer-review targets included clinical case review, contours, implant technique, dose/fractionation, and target/organ-at-risk (OAR) dosimetry. The projected/final target and OAR dosimetry were analyzed. Results 55 separate implants from 44 patients were reviewed. Implants were mostly reviewed after the first BT fraction (n = 16, 29%) or at another time point during BT (n = 20, 36%). One (2%) implant was presented prospectively. The applicator type and BT technique were reviewed for all implants. Dose/fractionation was evaluated for 46 implants (84%); contours were discussed for 21 (38%). Target and OAR dosimetry were reviewed for 54 (98%) and 28 implants (51%), respectively. Six cases (11%) underwent minor changes to the applicator type to improve target and/or OAR dosimetry. One case (2%) had a major change recommended to the dose/fractionation. Conclusions Gynecologic BT peer review may enhance BT quality by allowing for implant optimization and formal review of challenging cases, ultimately improving medical decision-making and team communication. Peer review should be implemented in centers offering gynecologic BT.
- Published
- 2020
48. Nanodiamond-stabilized Pickering emulsions: Microstructure and rheology
- Author
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Derek Brown, Allison Hearn, Olga Shenderova, Barbara V. Farias, Saad A. Khan, and Nicholas Nunn
- Subjects
Materials science ,Modulus ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Microstructure ,01 natural sciences ,Pickering emulsion ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Biomaterials ,Colloid ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Rheology ,Emulsion ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Nanodiamond ,Elastic modulus - Abstract
Hypothesis We envisage the use of hydroxylated detonation nanodiamonds (ND-OH), a relatively novel carbonaceous filler with high adsorption activity, small size, and large surface area to create Pickering emulsions. The emulsion behavior under shear and the extent to which the microstructure can rebuild after breakdown is dependent on its yield stress. Experiments Using a model system consisting of isopropyl palmitate and water stabilized by ND-OH particles, we investigate the stability of these emulsions, their microstructure and rheological behavior as a function of ND-OH concentration. Findings Confocal microscopy reveals that increasing ND-OH concentration results in smaller droplet sizes in the emulsions. This behavior is consistent with our rheological results of higher elastic modulus G′ and yield stress of the emulsion with increased ND-OH, as the presence of smaller droplets facilitates the formation of a densely packed network. We find the rheological behavior of these emulsions to be a hybrid of colloidal gels and surfactant-stabilized emulsions, with interparticle interactions and droplets deformability dictating their elasticity and yield stress behavior. Structure recovery following large shear reveals the degree of microstructure recovery to depend on the applied stress, with the recovered modulus collapsing into a single master-curve when the applied stress is scaled by the yield stress.
- Published
- 2020
49. Comparative Trends in the Distribution of Lung Cancer Stage at Diagnosis in the Department of Defense Cancer Registry and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, 1989–2012
- Author
-
Kangmin Zhu, Stephanie Shao, Joel A. Nations, Derek Brown, and Craig D. Shriver
- Subjects
Male ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,Population ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,Registries ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Stage (cooking) ,Lung cancer ,education ,Neoplasm Staging ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Cancer registry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,business ,SEER Program - Abstract
Introduction We compared the stage at diagnosis for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in the military healthcare system (MHS) and the general public to assess differences between these two groups as well as to assess the trends in stage at diagnosis in the recent past. Method This study was based on the non-identifiable data from the U.S. Department of Defense Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute. Patients diagnosed with NSCLC between 1989 and 2012 were included. The distributions of tumor stage at diagnosis and trends in tumor stage were compared between the two populations. Results The cohorts were predominately male in both ACTUR (65.3%) and SEER (55.1%) and white patients accounted for greater than 80% of patients in both ACTUR and SEER. Among 21,031 patients in ACTUR and 773,356 patients in SEER, stage IV lung cancers predominated (ACTUR 33.6%, SEER 40.5%) followed by stage III (ACTUR 26.1%, SEER 26.4%) and stage I (ACTUR 24.7%, SEER 20.6%). Notable differences between the two populations were the higher percentage of stage I and lower percentage of stage IV, along with a lower rate of unknown stage patients after 2004, in ACTUR than SEER. Between 1989 and 2012, the percentage of stage IV disease increased in ACTUR and SEER coincident with a decrease in unknown stage disease. Conclusions The majority of NSCLC patients in the MHS and general population are diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC and the percentage is increasing. Compared to the general population, NSCLC patients in the MHS have a higher percentage of stage I, a lower percentage of stage IV, and of unknown stage cancer. Universal care along with more rigorous staging across the MHS may play a role in these findings.
- Published
- 2020
50. Consolidation of Cancer Registry and Administrative Claims Data on Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in the US Military Health System
- Author
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Matthew W Georg, Jie Lin, Yvonne L Eaglehouse, Craig D. Shriver, Julie A Bytnar, Derek Brown, Kangmin Zhu, Stephanie Shao, and Amie B Park
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Military Health Services ,MEDLINE ,Information Storage and Retrieval ,Breast Neoplasms ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Consolidation (business) ,Claims data ,medicine ,Humans ,Registries ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business.industry ,Cancer ,ORIGINAL REPORTS ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Cancer registry ,Administrative claims ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Family medicine ,Military health ,Female ,business - Abstract
PURPOSE Linked cancer registry and medical claims data have increased the capacity for cancer research. However, few efforts have described methods to select information between data sources, which may affect data use. We developed a systematic process to evaluate and consolidate cancer diagnosis and treatment information between the linked Department of Defense Central Cancer Registry (CCR) and Military Health System Data Repository (MDR) administrative claims database, called Military Cancer Epidemiology Data System (MilCanEpi). METHODS MilCanEpi contains information on cancer diagnosis and treatment of patients receiving care from 1998 to 2014. We used an iterative process guided by knowledge of data features, current literature, and logical comparisons between the CCR and MDR data to evaluate and consolidate cancer diagnosis and treatment received (yes or no) and their dates. We applied the processes to breast cancer data as an example. Agreement between diagnosis and treatment dates in the two data sources was evaluated using Cohen’s κ with 95% CIs. RESULTS In MilCanEpi, we identified 15,965 patients with a breast cancer diagnosis and 15,145 patients who underwent breast cancer surgery; 97.9% and 84.1% of patients had records in both CCR and MDR for diagnosis and surgery, respectively. Exact agreement was 13.7% for diagnosis dates (Cohen’s κ = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.14) and 68.9% for surgery dates (Cohen’s κ = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.70) between the two data sources. After applying systematic processes, 98.1% of patients with a breast cancer diagnosis and 99.7% of patients with surgery had information selected for analytic data sets. CONCLUSION The developed processes resulted in high consolidation rates of breast cancer data in MilCanEpi and may serve as a data selection template for other tumor sites and linked data sources.
- Published
- 2020
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