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2. Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harris, Jennifer R, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Rebato, Esther, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Korhonen, Tellervo, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Genetics, Pediatric, Prevention, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Quality Education, Child, Educational Status, Humans, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic
Abstract

We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within twin pairs, education levels were lower among the currently smoking than among the never smoking co-twins and this education difference was larger within DZ than MZ pairs. Similarly, education levels were higher among former smoking than among currently smoking co-twins, and this difference was larger within DZ pairs. Our results support the hypothesis of a causal effect of education on both current smoking status and smoking cessation. However, the even greater intra-pair differences within DZ pairs, who share only 50% of their segregating genes, provide evidence that shared genetic factors also contribute to these associations.

Published
2022

4. Be(com)ing Social: Daily-Life Social Interactions and Parental Bonding

Author

Achterhof, Robin, Schneider, Maude, Kirtley, Olivia J., Wampers, Martien, Decoster, Jeroen, Derom, Catherine, De Hert, Marc, Guloksuz, Sinan, Jacobs, Nele, Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, Rutten, Bart P. F., Thiery, Evert, van Os, Jim, van Winkel, Ruud, Wichers, Marieke, and Myin-Germeys, Inez

Abstract

Parents are known to provide a lasting basis for their children's social development. Understanding parent-driven socialization is particularly relevant in adolescence, as an increasing social independence is developed. However, the relationship between key parenting styles of care and control and the microlevel expression of daily-life social interactions has been insufficiently studied. Adolescent and young adult twins and their nontwin siblings (N = 635; mean age = 16.6; age range = 14.2-21.9; 58.6% female; 79.5% in or having completed higher secondary/tertiary education; 2.8% speaking language other than Dutch at home) completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) on parental care and control. Participants also completed a 6-day experience sampling period (10 daily beeps, mean compliance = 68.0%) to assess daily-life social interactions. Higher overall parental bonding quality (of both parents) related to more positive social experiences in daily life (e.g., belonging in company), but not to more social behaviors (e.g., being with others). Factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure of the PBI, with care, denial of psychological autonomy, and encouragement of behavioral freedom. Paternal care was uniquely predictive of better social experiences. These findings demonstrate how parenting styles may be uniquely associated with how adolescents experience their social world, with a potentially important role for fathers in particular. This complements the long-held idea of socialization through parenting by bringing it into the context of daily life and implies how both conceptualizations of social functioning and interventions aimed at alleviating social dysfunction might benefit from a stronger consideration of day-to-day social experiences.

Published
2022
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6. Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM van, Willemsen, Gonneke, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Health Sciences, Psychology, Pediatric, Nutrition, Genetics, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Quality Education, Adolescent, Adult, Body Height, Child, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Background, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Parenting, Parents, Quantitative Trait Loci, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Young Adult
Abstract

Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.

Published
2020

7. Educational attainment of same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins: An individual-level pooled study of 19 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Bogl, Leonie H., Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Latvala, Antti, Li, Weilong, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Rebato, Esther, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Hopper, John L., Tyler, Jessica, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Heikkilä, Kauko, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Rose, Richard J., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2021
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10. Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of dizygotic twinning illuminates genetic regulation of female fecundity

Author

Mbarek, Hamdi, primary, Gordon, Scott D, additional, Duffy, David L, additional, Hubers, Nikki, additional, Mortlock, Sally, additional, Beck, Jeffrey J, additional, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, additional, Pool, René, additional, Dolan, Conor V, additional, Actkins, Ky’Era V, additional, Gerring, Zachary F, additional, Van Dongen, Jenny, additional, Ehli, Erik A, additional, Iacono, William G, additional, Mcgue, Matt, additional, Chasman, Daniel I, additional, Gallagher, C Scott, additional, Schilit, Samantha L P, additional, Morton, Cynthia C, additional, Paré, Guillaume, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Whiteman, David C, additional, Olsen, Catherine M, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, Vlietinck, Robert, additional, Gudbjartsson, Daniel, additional, Cannon-Albright, Lisa, additional, Krapohl, Eva, additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K E, additional, Pedersen, Nancy L, additional, Hysi, Pirro, additional, Mangino, Massimo, additional, Spector, Timothy D, additional, Palviainen, Teemu, additional, Milaneschi, Yuri, additional, Penninnx, Brenda W, additional, Campos, Adrian I, additional, Ong, Ken K, additional, Perry, John R B, additional, Lambalk, Cornelis B, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, Ólafsson, Ísleifur, additional, Duroure, Karine, additional, Revenu, Céline, additional, Rentería, Miguel E, additional, Yengo, Loic, additional, Davis, Lea, additional, Derks, Eske M, additional, Medland, Sarah E, additional, Stefansson, Hreinn, additional, Stefansson, Kari, additional, Del Bene, Filippo, additional, Reversade, Bruno, additional, Montgomery, Grant W, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, and Martin, Nicholas G, additional

Published
2023
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13. Associations between childhood adversity, psychiatric symptoms, and self‐esteem outcomes in adolescents and young adults: An experience sampling study

Author

Mazereel, Victor, primary, Vansteelandt, Kristof, additional, Menne‐Lothmann, Claudia, additional, Decoster, Jeroen, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, Thiery, Evert, additional, Rutten, Bart P. F., additional, Jacobs, Nele, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, Wichers, Marieke, additional, De Hert, Marc, additional, Vancampfort, Davy, additional, and van Winkel, Ruud, additional

Published
2023
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14. O.4.2-1 The within-person bidirectional association between physical activity and loneliness in the daily lives of adolescents and young adults

Author

Jennen, Lise, primary, Mazereel, Victor, additional, Vansteelandt, Kristof, additional, Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, additional, Decoster, Jeroen, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, Thiery, Evert, additional, Rutten, Bart P F, additional, Jacobs, Nele, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, Wichers, Marieke, additional, De Hert, Marc, additional, Vancampfort, Davy, additional, and van Winkel, Ruud, additional

Published
2023
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15. Association between birth weight and educational attainment : an individual-based pooled analysis of nine twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Mikkonen, Janne, Martikainen, Pekka, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rebato, Esther, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harris, Jennifer R, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Published
2018

16. Evidence for interaction between genetic liability and childhood trauma in the development of psychotic symptoms

Author

Pinckaers, Florentina M. E., Rotee, Iris L. M., Nwosu, C. Vicky, Krolinski, Pauline, Smeets, Antonius P. W., Gülöksüz, Sinan, de Jong, Lea, Vaessen, Thomas S. J., Damen, Thomas, Uittenboogaard, Aniek, Schäfer, Annika T., Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, Decoster, Jeroen, van Winkel, Ruud, Collip, Dina, Delespaul, Philippe, De Hert, Marc, Derom, Catherine, Thiery, Evert, Jacobs, Nele, Wichers, Marieke, Rutten, Bart P. F., van Os, Jim, and Drukker, Marjan

Published
2019
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18. Associations between childhood adversity, psychiatric symptoms, and self‐esteem outcomes in adolescents and young adults: An experience sampling study.

Author

Mazereel, Victor, Vansteelandt, Kristof, Menne‐Lothmann, Claudia, Decoster, Jeroen, Derom, Catherine, Thiery, Evert, Rutten, Bart P. F., Jacobs, Nele, van Os, Jim, Wichers, Marieke, De Hert, Marc, Vancampfort, Davy, and van Winkel, Ruud

Subjects
SELF-esteem, TEENAGERS, MULTILEVEL models, YOUNG adults, SYMPTOMS
Abstract

Objectives: Self‐esteem and self‐esteem stability are important factors during adolescence and young adulthood that can be negatively impacted by childhood adversity and psychiatric symptoms. We examined whether childhood adversity and psychiatric symptoms are associated with decreased global self‐esteem as well as increased self‐esteem instability as measured with experience sampling method. In addition, we examined if childhood adversity moderates the association between psychiatric symptoms and self‐esteem outcomes. Methods: Our study consisted of 788 adolescents and young adults who were part of a twin pair. The twin structure was not of interest to the current study. Mean age was 16.8 (SD = 2.38, range: 14−25), 42% was male. We used a multilevel modeling approach to examine our hypotheses to account for the presence of twins in the data set. Results: Childhood adversity and psychiatric symptoms were negatively associated with global self‐esteem (respectively standardized β = −.18, SE = 0.04, p <.0001 and standardized β = −.45, SE = 0.04, p <.0001), with a larger effect for psychiatric symptoms. Similarly, both were associated with increased self‐esteem instability (respectively standardized β =.076, SE = 0.025, p =.002 and standardized β =.11, SE = 0.021, p <.0001). In addition, interactions between childhood adversity and psychiatric symptoms on both global self‐esteem (standardized β =.06, SE = 0.01, p <.0001) and self‐esteem instability (standardized β = −.002, SE = 0.0006, p =.001) were found, showing that the negative association of psychiatric symptoms with self‐esteem outcomes is less pronounced in young people with higher levels of childhood adversity, or formulated differently, is more pronounced in young people with little or no exposure to childhood adversity. Conclusion: Global self‐esteem and self‐esteem instability in young people are influenced by both current psychiatric symptomatology and exposure to childhood adversity. Those with more psychiatric symptoms show worse self‐esteem and higher self‐esteem instability, which is moderated by childhood adversity. For young people with high childhood adversity levels lower self‐esteem and higher self‐esteem instability are less influenced by reductions in psychiatric symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Early warning signals in psychopathology: what do they tell?

Author

Schreuder, Marieke J., Hartman, Catharina A., George, Sandip V., Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, Decoster, Jeroen, van Winkel, Ruud, Delespaul, Philippe, De Hert, Marc, Derom, Catherine, Thiery, Evert, Rutten, Bart P. F., Jacobs, Nele, van Os, Jim, Wigman, Johanna T. W., and Wichers, Marieke

Published
2020
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24. Coping and sleep quality in youth: An Experience Sampling study

Author

Hagemann, Noëmi, primary, Kirtley, Olivia J., additional, Lafit, Ginette, additional, Vancampfort, Davy, additional, Wampers, Martien, additional, Decoster, Jeroen, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, Gülöksüz, Sinan, additional, De Hert, Marc, additional, Jacobs, Nele, additional, Menne‐Lothmann, Claudia, additional, Rutten, Bart P. F., additional, Thiery, Evert, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, van Winkel, Ruud, additional, Wichers, Marieke, additional, and Myin‐Germeys, Inez, additional

Published
2023
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25. Further Evidence for the Association between Childhood Trauma and Suicidal Ideation in Young Individuals: A Twin Based Study

Author

Moreno Gamazo, Nerea, primary, Pries, Lotta, additional, Marques-Feixa, Laia, additional, Papiol, Sergi, additional, Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, additional, Decoster, Jeroen, additional, van Winkel, Ruud, additional, Collip, Dina, additional, Delespaul, Philippe, additional, De Hert, Marc, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, Thiery, Evert, additional, Jacobs, Nele, additional, Wichers, Marieke, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, Rutten, Bart P.F., additional, Fañanás Saura, Lourdes, additional, and Guloksuz, Sinan, additional

Published
2023
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26. Gene–environment interaction study on the polygenic risk score for neuroticism, childhood adversity, and parental bonding

Author

Klingenberg, Boris, primary, Guloksuz, Sinan, additional, Pries, Lotta-Katrin, additional, Cinar, Ozan, additional, Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, additional, Decoster, Jeroen, additional, van Winkel, Ruud, additional, Collip, Dina, additional, Delespaul, Philippe, additional, De Hert, Marc, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, Thiery, Evert, additional, Jacobs, Nele, additional, Wichers, Marieke, additional, Lin, Bochao D., additional, Luykx, Jurjen, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, and Rutten, Bart P. F., additional

Published
2023
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27. The relationship between daily positive future thinking and past-week suicidal ideation in youth: An experience sampling study

Author

Kirtley, Olivia J., primary, Lafit, Ginette, additional, Vaessen, Thomas, additional, Decoster, Jeroen, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, Gülöksüz, Sinan, additional, De Hert, Marc, additional, Jacobs, Nele, additional, Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, additional, Rutten, Bart P. F., additional, Thiery, Evert, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, van Winkel, Ruud, additional, Wichers, Marieke, additional, and Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional

Published
2022
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28. Lower emotional complexity as a prospective predictor of psychopathology in adolescents from the general population.

Author

Schreuder, Marieke J., primary, Wichers, Marieke, additional, Hartman, Catharina A., additional, Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, additional, Decoster, Jeroen, additional, van Winkel, Ruud, additional, Delespaul, Philippe, additional, De Hert, Marc, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, Thiery, Evert, additional, Rutten, Bart P. F., additional, Jacobs, Nele, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, and Wigman, Johanna T. W., additional

Published
2022
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29. General psychopathology and its social correlates in the daily lives of youth

Author

Achterhof, Robin, primary, Kirtley, Olivia J., additional, Schneider, Maude, additional, Hagemann, Noëmi, additional, Hermans, Karlijn S.F.M., additional, Hiekkaranta, Anu P., additional, Lecei, Aleksandra, additional, Decoster, Jeroen, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, De Hert, Marc, additional, Gülöksüz, Sinan, additional, Jacobs, Nele, additional, Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, additional, Rutten, Bart P.F., additional, Thiery, Evert, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, van Winkel, Ruud, additional, Wichers, Marieke, additional, and Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional

Published
2022
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31. Critical slowing down as early warning for the onset and termination of depression

Author

van de Leemput, Ingrid A., Wichers, Marieke, Cramer, Angélique O. J., Borsboom, Denny, Tuerlinckx, Francis, Kuppens, Peter, van Nes, Egbert H., Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Giltay, Erik J., Aggen, Steven H., Derom, Catherine, Jacobs, Nele, Kendler, Kenneth S., van der Maas, Han L. J., Neale, Michael C., Peeters, Frenk, Thiery, Evert, Zachar, Peter, and Scheffer, Marten

Published
2014

32. Association between birthweight and later body mass index: an individual-based pooled analysis of 27 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos CEM, Ooki, Syuichi, Saudino, Kimberly J, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Heikkilä, Kauko, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Haworth, Claire MA, Plomin, Robert, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Published
2017
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34. The relationship between daily positive future thinking and past-week suicidal ideation in youth: An experience sampling study

Author

Kirtley, Olivia J, primary, Lafit, Ginette, additional, Vaessen, Thomas, additional, Decoster, Jeroen, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, Gülöksüz, Sinan, additional, De Hert, Marc, additional, Jacobs, Nele, additional, Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, additional, Rutten, Bart, additional, Thiery, Evert, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, van Winkel, Ruud, additional, Wichers, M., additional, and Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional

Published
2022
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35. Be(com)ing social: Daily-life social interactions and parental bonding.

Author

Achterhof, Robin, primary, Schneider, Maude, additional, Kirtley, Olivia J., additional, Wampers, Martien, additional, Decoster, Jeroen, additional, Derom, Catherine, additional, De Hert, Marc, additional, Guloksuz, Sinan, additional, Jacobs, Nele, additional, Menne-Lothmann, Claudia, additional, Rutten, Bart P. F., additional, Thiery, Evert, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, van Winkel, Ruud, additional, Wichers, Marieke, additional, and Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional

Published
2022
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37. Sex Differences on the WISC-R in Belgium and the Netherlands

Author

van der Sluis, Sophie, Derom, Catherine, Thiery, Evert, Bartels, Meike, Polderman, Tinca J. C., Verhulst, F. C., Jacobs, Nele, van Gestel, Sofie, de Geus, Eco J. C., Dolan, Conor V., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Posthuma, Danielle

Abstract

Sex differences on the Dutch WISC-R were examined in Dutch children (350 boys, 387 girls, age 11-13 years) and Belgian children (370 boys, 391 girls, age 9.5-13 years). Multi-group covariance and means structure analysis was used to establish whether the WISC-R was measurement invariant across sex, and whether sex differences on the level of the subtests were indicative of sex differences in general intelligence (g). In both samples, girls outperformed boys on the subtest Coding, while boys outperformed girls on the subtests Information and Arithmetic. The sex differences in the means of these three subtests could not be accounted for by the first-order factors Verbal, Performance, and Memory. Measurement invariance with respect to sex was however established for the remaining 9 subtest. Based on these subtests, no significant sex differences were observed in the means of the first-order factors, or the second-order g-factor. In conclusion, the cognitive differences between boys and girls concern subtest-specific abilities, and these sizeable differences are not attributable to differences in first-order factors, or the second-order factor g.

Published
2008
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