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Focusing on the Convent of Christ in Portugal, this article presents an overview of the power and control exercised by the Order of Christ over the territory’s water management, inside the monastic enclosure and over the Nabão River, from the late fifteenth century until the nineteenth century. Based on multi-interdisciplinary methodologies, we argue that the monastic enclosure was multi-functional, sustainable, self-sufficient and the stage for the most sophisticated hydraulic system of early modern Portugal. Following a recent review, and based on archival research, a 3D reconstruction and mapping tools, we demonstrate that the system did not work exclusively through gravity. In an early phase, pumps were in use at the Convent of Christ circa 1537 to remove water from cisterns in a technology transferred from ships into gardens. Moreover, this article also reveals the total control of the Order wielded over the Nabão as a source of energy through to the abolition of Religious Orders in 1834.

The main objective of this paper is to define the role and the importance of the urban allotment gardens in the consideration of Lisbon as the European Green Capital in 2020. In the first part of the paper, we seek to trace the historical evolution of vegetable gardens in the context of city development. In the second part, one proceeds to its mapping and its identification and characterization considering the multiple functions that allotment gardens play both to improve the quality of the urban environment and to improve the quality of human life. In this sense, the different ecosystem services that allotment gardens provide to the society are addressed, as well as their contribution to the qualification of Lisbon's urban landscape and urban food systems. For this, we used a research methodology that crossed the field work (the survey of the vegetable gardens), with bibliographic and documentary sources. The present diachronic and diatopic study about urban allotment gardens in Lisbon aims to legitimize the historical model of urban development based on the deeply intricate relationships between the city and the agriculture as a strategy to be adopted in the context of the long-term development of both Society and Nature.

This article aims to reflect and debate around the operational value of the greenway concept, while paramount instrument for landscape planning and management, divided in two parts. The first one focuses on the definition and evolution of the greenway concept and its relations with other fundamental concepts, such as continuum naturale, ecological structure and green infrastructure. In this conceptual approach, the main scope is the importance of accurate criteria definition for greenway design, considering the transposition between different scales. In the latter part of the article, the case study of the Algarve, southern Portugal, is presented, where greenway design occurs at a regional scale, integrated in a system designated as Estrutura Regional de Protecção e Valorização Ambiental (ERPVA, Regional Environmental Protection and Valorization Structure), within the Plano Regional de Ordenamento do Território do Algarve (PROT-Algarve, Territorial Management Plan of the Algarve), setting guidelines for the transposition for the municipal level landscape management instruments. The goal is to assess the challenges, opportunities and constraints enclosed in the scale adaptation process, namely through the analysis of the revision processes of the Planos Directores Municipais (PDM, municipal master plans) of Lagoa and Silves

Le système montagneux du Haut Atlas marocain comprend diverses sous-unités de paysage dont l’identité provient de l’interaction entre facteurs naturels (géologie, relief, sols, climat, hydrologie, végétation) etfacteurs culturels qui caractérisent la société tribale berbère, Le système montagneux du Haut Atlas marocain comprend diverses sous-unités de paysage dont l’identité provient de l’interaction entre facteurs naturels (géologie, relief, sols, climat, hydrologie, végétation) etfacteurs culturels qui caractérisent la société tribale berbère.

A interacao medicamentosa e a modificacao, aumento ou diminuicao do efeito de um farmaco diante de sua administracao com outro farmaco. No ambiente de unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) se faz necessario significante uso de medicamentos que podem propiciar eventos adversos como aqueles referentes aos resultados de potenciais interacoes farmaco-farmaco (pIFFs). Desta forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as caracteristicas associadas as pIFFs em pacientes internados em UTIs do Brasil. Para isso, conduziu-se uma revisao integrativa nas bases de dados da Lilacs e Medline, onde se selecionou artigos cientificos publicados nos anos de 2010 a 2020. Ao final da busca na literatura, foram incluidos oito artigos nesta revisao integrativa. O numero de pacientes analisados nos estudos variou de 59 a 1124, atendidos por diferentes UTIs brasileiras. A idade media variou de 50 a 61 anos e houve maior predominância de individuos do sexo masculino. A prevalencia de pIFFs foi alta na maior parte da literatura analisada. A interacao de severidade moderada foi a mais encontrada e tres estudos encontraram contraindicacoes nas prescricoes analisadas. O fator mais associado as pIFFs foi o numero de medicamentos. O par de interacoes mais encontrado foi o relacionado ao Fentanil e Midazolam. Conclui-se que os dados, ainda que extraidos de fontes heterogeneas, permitem a deteccao das caracteristicas associadas a problematica que envolve as pIFFs em UTIs.

This chapter presents a study of the culture of water and its shared management associated with the traditional irrigation and milling systems in the mountains of both the northwest of Portugal and the High Atlas in Morocco as lands of historical and continued human occupation. The study spans two essential themes that interrelate and overlap. It begins by characterising the historical process of socio-spatial formation of the aforementioned mountain regions, analysing the extremely intricate relationships between the inhabitants, water, and the production of foodstuffs within a context of natural resource scarcity, a climate featuring torrential downpours and a decidedly family and household-based economy. Then, it incorporates fieldwork, by surveying the traditional irrigation system and analysing the collective management of water within the scope of the different types of irrigation associated with the diverse agricultural crops and the seasons of the year, as well as investigating the use of rotating mills. The comparative study of these cases reveals the specific features stemming from the geographic, climatic and historical characteristics that have contextualised the collective usage and management of water in keeping with the irrigation practices and traditional milling methods in each of these mountainous regions. Furthermore, it simultaneously identifies a significant set of shared features that approximate the two models of settlement and territorial organisation on either side of the Mediterranean, alongside their respective modes of habitation and means of food production, whether for the inhabitants or their cattle, based upon the shared community usage of water resources.

El proyecto de investigación AQUA tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de la gestión del agua desde el siglo XVI al XIX en fincas y jardines en Portugal y demostrar que ya se estaban empleando prácticas más sofisticadas en el contexto de granjas y cercas conventuales, convirtiendo los jardines de entonces en laboratorios de innovaciones hidráulicas. Esta gestión del agua se rigió por principios de sostenibilidad asociados a un uso eficiente del agua. La historia lidera este proyecto multidisciplinar que cuenta con la colaboración de historiadores, ingenieros y paisajistas para promover el cruce de conocimientos entre las humanidades y las ciencias.

This reflexion comes from a look over the city, particularly the relationship between the built and the open spaces that constitute it. In this look we came across the enormous importance that the system of open spaces has and has always had on the construction of the city, its balance, its identity and its experience. On a closer approach to the system of open spaces of the city, we were confronted with the existence of typologically qualified spaces and of spaces without any typological attribution but that are, by no means, less important than the former. Open spaces, interstices between the built fabric of the contemporary city, that present a certain continuity and that allow the flow of air, of water and matter, simultaneously with the flow of residents or casual users. Sometimes, besides that flow, an informal appropriation of these spaces as spaces for fun, games and socializing is verified, emphasizing the enormous potential presented in the structure and cohesion of the city as support of the urban experience, of social interaction and, of the development of the sense of community. About these spaces, several questions have been raised concerning its quality and diversity, namely its lack of integration in a recognized urban typology and all the consequences that this determines. However, we considered that this fact, on its own, does not constitute a negative factor, but a distinct reality determined by the ever-accelerating rhythm of the technological, economical, social, cultural and demographic chances.

El presente artículo estudia la cartografía de Cacela en el sur de Portugal con el propósito de interpretar su transformación a través del tiempo, considerando la arquitectura, el urbanismo y el paisaje de forma integrada. La lectura de esa transformación se lleva de la mano de las principales cartas de Cacela que coinciden con el inicio del siglo XVII, la aproximación al final del Antiguo Régimen y la transición del siglo XIX al XX, asociando cada uno de estos tiempos a un modo particular de representación. La interpretación de las diferentes cartas está organizada, en términos me- todológicos, a partir del recurso a fuentes escritas de la época, culminando con la elaboración de un dibujo final que contiene la representación del espacio edificado y del paisaje de Cacela a mediados del siglo pasado. Este trabajo se inscribe en una investigación más amplia sobre las aglomeraciones urbanas de pequeña dimensión en las diver- sas subunidades geográficas del sur de Portugal, comprendiendo el paisaje, la morfología urbana y el levantamiento integral de todo el núcleo edificado. This article focuses on the old cartography of Cacela, in southern Portugal, with the aim of reinterpreting its transformation over time, considering thematics such as architecture, urbanism and landscape simultaneously. The un- derstanding of this transformation is marked by major maps and plans of Cacela, that coincide with the beginning of the seventeenth century, the nearing of the end of the Ancien Régime and the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century, associating each of these times to a particular mode of representation. The interpretation of these different maps is combined with the reading of historic written sources of each period, culminating in the design of a final plan that represents the reconstitution of the urban area and the landscape of Cacela in the middle of the twen- tieth century. This work is part of a broader research on small clusters in different geographic subunits of southern Portugal, which includes the study of landscape and urban form as well as the full survey of the entire settlement. It confirms Cacela as a small town in the historic scattered population of the lower Algarve, subjected to a significant transformation between the late nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. O presente artigo incide na cartografia de um mesmo lugar - Cacela no sul de Portugal – com o propósito de reinterpretar a sua transformação ao longo do tempo, considerando a arquitetura, o urbanismo e a paisagem de forma integrada. A leitura dessa transformação é balizada pelas principais cartas de Cacela, que coincidem com o início do século XVII, a aproximação ao final do Antigo Regime e a transição do século XIX para o século XX, associando cada um destes tempos a um modo particular de representação. A interpretação das diferentes cartas é organizada, em termos metodológicos, a partir do recurso a fontes escritas da época, culminando com a elaboração de um desenho final com representação do espaço edificado e da paisagem de Cacela em meados do século passado. Este trabalho inscreve-se numa investigação mais abrangente sobre os aglomerados de pequena dimensão nas diversas subunidades geográficas do sul de Portugal, compreendendo a paisagem, a morfologia urbana e o levantamento integral de todo o núcleo edificado. Confirmará Cacela como um pequeno centro do povoamento disperso característico da história do Baixo Algarve que será objeto de uma significativa transformação entre os finais do século XIX e as primeiras décadas do século XX.