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This article addresses the study of reading habits in Spain, a central aspect of cultural consumption that has received little academic attention. Through a multivariate and ordinal regression analysis, we investigate how various structural, cultural, and attitudinal factors influence these habits. We particularly highlight the significant influence of social connections (such as family, the educational environment, and friendships) in the formation of reading habits. This provides a perspective that goes beyond the simplified division between reader/non-reader and previous analysis focused on elitist distinctions. The findings suggest that variations in cultural reading consumption are more closely linked to differences in social environments and their relationship with culture than to socioeconomic condition or individuals' educational level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Estimate the risk of death from SARS-CoV-2 as a function of socio-territorial inequalities in Mexico City during February 2020-June 2022. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of death from SARS-CoV-2 by residential neighborhoods, in Mexico City. The Social Development Index (SDI [Consejo de Evaluación de la Ciudad de México, in Spanish]) classifies residential neighborhoods as very low, low, medium, high, and very high social development level, respectively. Results. Deaths in neighborhoods with Very Low and Low SDI represented almost half of the deaths due to SARS-CoV-2. The population residing in the territories with the worst socio-territorial conditions died, on average, 10 years younger than that of the stratum with the best SDI. Conclusions. Differences in the risk of dying from SARS-CoV-2 were associated with the socio-territorial conditions. The risk of death was higher for people residing in neighborhoods with very low and low SDI. These differences were reduced starting with the third wave, possibly because of mass vaccination in Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico faces deep inequalities: the richest 10% concentrate 57.4% of the country's income and 78.7% of its wealth, while the poorest 50% have access to barely 9.2% of the income and lack significant wealth. Social inequality and poverty are closely linked. While inequality is not the only cause of poverty, it plays a significant role in perpetuating it. Addressing social inequality is essential to effectively combat poverty and build more equitable and fair societies. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is a key indicator, strongly influenced by structural factors such as poverty, which reflects avoidable, unnecessary and premature deaths, which can be prevented through individual and collective actions. The relationship between poverty and child health is well recognized, as poverty is associated with the worst outcomes in child health, particularly in infant mortality. In 2020, the distribution of infant mortality among the Mexican states was remarkably heterogeneous, with rates ranging from 6.1 to 20.5 deaths per 1,000 births. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the IMR and the percentage of people living in extreme poverty (r = 0.550), educational gap (r = 0.530), lack of access to health services (r = 0.547); and people with 3 or more social deficiencies (r = 0.520) was high and statistically significant; but the IMR is also moderately associated with poverty (r = 0.494) and lack of social security (r = 0.494). The nine entities with high or very high rates of infant mortality and extreme poverty were Chiapas, Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacán, Puebla, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Tlaxcala, and Yucatán. Although Mexico has managed to reduce its infant mortality rate, it is still much higher than the average for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. To further reducing this rate, it is necessary to address poverty reduction, expand access to essential health services, improve prenatal and postnatal care, and strengthen preventive services, such as vaccination. A special program involving all health institutions and with adequate resources is required. It is crucial to prioritize actions in the nine most affected Mexican states. It is unacceptable that, in 2020, infant mortality in Oaxaca was more than three times higher than Nayarit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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En este ensayo se explora el efecto de los programas de reforma al ajuste estructural del Estado costarricense sobre todas las áreas del entorno social, en especial la seguridad ciudadana del país. Se destaca la relación entre la desigualdad socioeconómica y la exclusión social, con la idea de que estas son las responsables de la inseguridad y el aumento de la criminalidad, cuando en estas zonas han sido excluidas del desarrollo económico generado por estas reformas de ajuste. La falta de acceso a servicios básicos, tales como salud, educación y empleo, genera estrés financiero y preocupaciones económicas, lo que puede desencadenar conflictos familiares y comportamientos violentos. Además, se afirma que las decisiones políticas tomadas desde la década de 1980 para cambiar el modelo económico existente hasta ese momento, han contribuido con la construcción de una sociedad que acentuó las desigualdades existentes en el modelo anterior. También, se plantea que el germen de la violencia es fruto de la desregularización de los controles del Estado, lo cual favorece el crimen organizado y la violencia intrafamiliar; así, la criminalidad se convierte en un refugio para aquellos sectores excluidos y desfavorecidos. Finalmente, se identifica una correlación entre la desigualdad socioeconómica, la violencia intrafamiliar y los homicidios, destacando la compleja interacción de estos fenómenos en la sociedad costarricense.

Este artículo se refiere a la evaluación de los individuos acerca de la justicia distributiva en Chile. El objetivo consiste en examinar cómo la posición social subjetiva de las personas afecta su juicio respecto a sus propios ingresos y si este juicio descansa en la noción de mérito. Usamos datos provenientes de una encuesta basada en viñetas, para conocer las apreciaciones por parte de individuos de una muestra representativa de tres áreas urbanas. Los resultados muestran que entre los encuestados prevalece una evaluación de injusticia con respecto de sus ingresos, especialmente entre quienes se identifican como pertenecientes a un estrato social bajo o medio-bajo. Estas diferencias entre posiciones sociales subjetivas se hacen aún más fuertes cuando los individuos elaboran su juicio incluyendo un criterio meritocrático basado en el esfuerzo por educarse. Sin embargo, no se observan diferencias significativas en las evaluaciones de justicia al comparar entre posiciones sociales objetivas basadas en ingreso o educación. Nuestros hallazgos relevan la importancia de la posición social subjetiva en las evaluaciones que realizan las personas sobre la justicia distributiva.

In the face of the current crisis of democracy affecting multiple Western societies, largely stemming from social discontent rooted in the inequality characterizing these so-called neoliberal market and consumer societies, this essay explores the hypothesis that such social resentment and the referenced institutional crisis stem from two mechanisms implemented by the elites. These mechanisms are not only designed to ensure and perpetuate their privileges but, more importantly, to exercise control and discipline over society through: the breaking of communal bonds through extreme individualism and consumerism (1), and the internalization of failure and the justification of inequality through meritocracy (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Resumen La percepción sobre la posición que ocupan los individuos en la estratificación social ha sido uno de los interrogantes clásicos de la sociología. Diversos análisis concuerdan que esta percepción se ve condicionada tanto por la posición social objetiva, así como por características contextuales de las sociedades en las que viven las personas (riqueza, desigualdad, pobreza, etc.). En el presente artículo analizamos el fenómeno en 17 países latinoamericanos a lo largo de los años 2006-2020, empleando un análisis multinivel que nos permite conocer la relación entre factores individuales y agregados. Los resultados señalan que, por un lado, como en otras sociedades, existe una propensión hacia posiciones intermedias de la escala social, manteniéndose una considerable importancia del efecto del estatus social objetivo sobre el estatus subjetivo a nivel individual. Asimismo, a nivel agregado, se aprecia que el grado de bienestar económico y de riqueza que presentan los distintos países actúan como condicionantes contextuales sobre el modo en que las personas se posicionan en la escala social.

Reseña del libro Del crepúsculo al anochecer: juventudes a través del trabajo, violencias y sus espacios. Julio Cesar Becerra y Rolando Javier García (coords.). México, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Editorial Gedisa Mexicana, 2023.

Utilizando datos del proceso de admisión a la educación superior en 2020, este artículo analiza el comportamiento distributivo de los cupos especiales de una política de inclusión socioeducativa chilena. Se crearon distintos indicadores para perfilar tanto la demanda como la oferta programática que adhiere a esta iniciativa. Los resultados evidencian que la asignación de cupos especiales no es homogénea ni azarosa; conforme mayor es la elitización, perfil académico y atributos socioeconómicos de la matrícula de un programa, menor es su cantidad de vacantes para admisión especial. Asimismo, los cupos especiales aumentan en carreras con bajos niveles de demanda y que concentran estudiantes con bajo desempeño en pruebas de admisión. Las conclusiones discuten si la contribución que los programas de mayor prestigio hacen a la inclusión social es más simbólica que real, así como la configuración de una lógica de uso instrumental de la admisión especial en programas de baja demanda.

Hablar de sostenibilidad en el contexto social, económico y medioambiental global, en general, y latinoamericano, en específico, parece ser actualmente una contradictio in adjecto. El presente artículo contiene algunas reflexiones, y más que nada, una serie razonada de preocupaciones sobre las más acuciantes problemáticas respecto del desarrollo sostenible y del sistema capitalista imperante. En el desarrollo del presente trabajo se toman categorías claves de la teoría social clásica, es decir, de autores como Marx, Durkheim y Weber, para pensar y repensar la relación desarrollo sostenible-capitalismo. En el primer apartado se analiza al capitalismo, tanto sus límites y contradicciones, desde estos tres autores; en el segundo apartado se interpreta el concepto y la posible operativización del desarrollo sostenible; por último, se realiza, de la mano de las categorías previamente desarrolladas, algunas interpretaciones críticas sobre la relación y la compatibilidad del desarrollo sostenible en el marco sistémico del capitalismo.

Social inequality and spatial injustice are studied in Venezuela. Social inequality and spatial injustice are studied in Venezuela, at the state level and between 1961-2021/2022. To do this, the approach of individual capabilities and the spatial distribution of the equipment necessary to create them is used, and two indicators are designed: Index of Basic Individual Capacities and Index of Territorial Equipment. According to the results, until 2011: 1) spatial injustice was reduced more than social inequality; 2) Apure is the state that has accumulated the most lags in basic individual capabilities such as territorial equipment; 3) Capital District is the entity that is most advanced in basic individual capabilities; 4) there is no state that maintains its primacy in the field of territorial equipment, and 5) the states furthest behind in 1961 were those that experienced the greatest advances in basic individual capabilities and territorial equipment. It is concluded that currently, the country shows signs of deterioration in all the indicators studied, a slowdown in the reduction of social inequality and an unprecedented increase in spatial injustice, which represents a setback in development achievements. Consequently, Venezuela has been and continues to be a country of inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article continues the analysis about the category of social discourse on social inequality in Costa Rica using a qualitative methodology. With this category we rebuilt, from group narratives -the government elite, the parliamentary opposition and the unions-what has been created on social inequality based on their interactions. It has been taken in consideration four periods of government that go from 2006 to 2022. Containing two political parties being government, each in a consecutive period; first Liberación Nacional Party and then Acción Ciudadana Party. For this second part of the study, the period 2006-2014 is considered, and recovering what was worked previously on the first part. Among the most important conclusions there is that social inequality has created a climate of injustice that has allowed new government elites to emerge, as well as new social leaders, among which a conservative religious leadership has emerged with social-political interests. Due to the extension, this work is divided into two parts, this being the first. And recovering what was worked previously on the first part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes an Embera myth from northwest Colombia that sheds light on the origin of racial disparities and the poverty experienced by indigenous communities in comparison to "whites." Methodologically, the myth was collected using ethnographic techniques in the Jaikerazabi community, located in the municipality of Mutatá, Antioquia. The interpretation involves identifying the myth's structure and analyzing the historical and social context that perpetuates inequalities between the Embera and other groups. According to the myth, the subordinate status of indigenous peoples stemmed from their perceived weakness and the decree of the god Karagabí, who supposedly favored the abilities of whites and mestizos. The article concludes that this myth offers insights into racial hierarchies and socio-spatial, economic, and political dynamics resulting from colonization and the country's development model. The myth legitimizes the historical domination over the Embera people by presenting modern rationality as canonical, diminishing the value of traditionally inhabited spaces and condemning indigenous people to poverty for not conforming to the Western model. However, it also serves as an attempt to comprehend and potentially transform these inequalities. The originality of the article lies in providing insight into Embera culture through the lens of myth to provide a perspective on how indigenous people perceive the inequality they experience. This approach also recognizes myths as evolving narratives that adapt to historical changes experienced by these societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo analiza la pobreza, la exclusión social y la desigualdad en Gipuzkoa, partiendo de los resultados de la 4.a Encuesta de Pobreza y Exclusión Social de Gipuzkoa. La mayor parte de los indicadores relacionados con la pobreza, la exclusión social y la desigualdad han mejorado en los últimos cuatro años, en línea con lo ocurrido en nuestro entorno y con la mejora de los indicadores económicos y laborales. Sin embargo, se han producido retrocesos en indicadores como la tasa de pobreza severa y la efectividad de las transferencias sociales. Las situaciones de pobreza y exclusión siguen afectando de forma desproporcionada a determinados grupos sociodemográficos, especialmente a las personas de nacionalidad extranjera y a la población infantil y juvenil. En términos comparativos, Gipuzkoa mantiene una situación muy positiva en el contexto autonómico, estatal y europeo en lo que se refiere a la mayor parte de los indicadores de pobreza y exclusión, aunque no para todos los grupos poblacionales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Salish Sea region, labret adornment with lip plugs signify particular identities, and they are interpreted as emblematic of both membership in horizontal relationships and achieved status for traditional cultures associated with labret wearing on the Northwest Coast (NWC) of North America. Labrets are part of a shared symbolic language in the region, one that we argue facilitated access to beneficial horizontal relationships (e.g., Angelbeck and Grier 2012; Rorabaugh and Shantry 2017). We employ social network analysis (SNA) to examine labrets from 31 dated site components in the Salish Sea region spanning between 3500 and 1500 cal BP. Following this period, the more widely distributed practice of cranial modification as a social marker of status developed in the region. The SNA of labret data shows an elaboration and expansion of antecedent social networks prior to the practice of cranial modification. Understandings of status on the NWC work backward from direct contact with Indigenous societies. Labret wearing begins at the Middle-Late Holocene transition, setting an earlier stage for the horizontal social relationships seen in the ethnohistoric period. These findings are consistent with the practice as signifying restricted group membership based on affinal ties and achieved social status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Diálogos Pedagógicos is the property of Universidad Catolica de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. The aim of this article is to write an original analysis of the work of Annie Ernaux (1940, Lillebonne). The author's production, which is being trans - lated to Spanish and is enjoying popularity in Spain, is inscribed at the intersection between sociology, literature, and history. Methodology. The framework from which we approach this study is the interrelation between critical sociology and feminist theory, taking the concepts that structure the thinking of its two referents: Pierre Bourdieu and Simone de Beauvoir. From the deductive method, we delve into her condition as a "declassed" and female socialization, which commits her to tell, from her experience, the truth of the dominated. Conclusions/discussion. In the conclusions, we highlight the articulation of her subjectivity in a constant conflict between the assimilation of gender roles and her political project: writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En los siguientes párrafos se presentan comentarios en torno a considerar a la investigación en la historia de la educación, entre sus múltiples matices, como un reflejo dinámico de las transformaciones culturales y sociales de cualquier colectividad, en específico las desigualdades educativas; porque “no se puede hablar de desigualdad educativa sin mencionar la desigualdad social, pues ambos términos están relacionados afectando a la igualdad de oportunidades del sistema educativo” (Aranda y Hernández, 2017, p. 108). Así mismo, de manera específica, Méndez (2009) indica que al interior de la estructura que conforma al sistema educativo mexicano existen desigualad educativa, la cual persiste en una estratificación marcada atribuida a la oferta educativa.

Dada la importancia de promover y articular un sistema educativo que garantice la equidad y aprendizajes de calidad en el estudiantado, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar comparativamente las trayectorias académicas, en particular permanencia y rendimiento de estudiantes universitarios ingresados mediante cupo especial y vía tradicional. En términos de metodología, se analizan datos de 9258 estudiantes que participan de los procesos de admisión universitario 2018 a 2021, se realizan modelamientos estadísticos según vía de ingreso tradicional o especial. Los hallazgos reportan que el estudiantado ingreso especial presentan mejor rendimiento escolar e inferiores puntajes en las pruebas de selección universitaria que su par tradicional, pero en su trayectoria académica exhiben mejores calificaciones y tasas de deserción ajustadas. Las conclusiones destacan la importancia predictiva del desempeño escolar; además, permiten suponer que la vulnerabilidad y la deficiente calidad de la exposición educativa no constituyen necesariamente una desventaja que condicione la trayectoria académica universitaria.

São Paulo refleja las áreas de conflicto de la convivencia social. Partiendo del cómic Dez verdades sobre São Paulo (2013) de Birgit Weyhe, este artículo examina la representación de la metrópolis en dos novelas gráficas que tocan temas de desigualdad social y la discriminación estructural en las intersecciones de ‘raza’ y ‘clase’. En Carolina (2016), Sirlene Barbosa y João Pinheiro muestran la forma en que el São Paulo de los años 50 y 60 influyó en las condiciones de vida y la obra de la autora Carolina Maria de Jesus. Por su parte, Marcelo D’Salete aborda los desafíos y solidaridades en la periferia urbana contemporánea en Noite Luz (2008). El artículo analiza cómo las obras escenifican la ciudad como un lugar de ambivalencia.

Centra el análisis en los desafíos actuales que enfrenta la democracia como forma de vida; puntualmente analiza la desigualdad, la polarización, la desinformación y el descontento ciudadano. Concluye que, a pesar de las incertidumbres que enfrenta la democracia, la capacidad de resiliencia y el respeto a los derechos humanos pueden fortalecerla.

Introduction: The main preventive measure against invasive meningococcal disease is vaccination. The aim of our study was to evaluate the acceptability of the meningococcal B (MenB) vaccine and socioeconomic inequalities in the access to the vaccine in the Community of Madrid in the period prior to its introduction in the immunization schedule. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational and ecological descriptive study in the cohort of children born between 2016 and 2019 using population-based electronic records. We calculated the vaccination coverage and analysed factors associated with vaccination status, determined the spatial distribution of vaccination coverage and the deprivation index (DI) and assessed the association between them by means of spatial regression. Results: We observed an increasing trend in primary vaccination coverage, from 44% in the cohort born in 2016 to 68% in the 2019 cohort. We found a statistically significant association between vaccination status and the DI (OR of primary vaccination in areas with DI5 compared to areas with DP1, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.39−0.50; P

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In this article we analyze some contemporary socio-territorial processes in the Aysén region, Chilean Patagonia, with special emphasis on the Exploradores Valley. We estimate that those processes can be interpreted as a form of rural and "green" gentrification. Under this category we want to account for a multiplicity of interdependent processes as the displacement of the local population linked to the increase in land value, an explosion in the real estate supply, new patterns of consumption and socio-territorial practices, as well as the emergence of discourses that would position this region as an enclave for conservation and preservation of nature under the slogan "Reserve of Life". From this framework, the study aims to contribute with a critical reading of depoliticized conservation discourses, highlighting the socio-territorial impacts that these renewed processes of "eco-colonization" bring with them, characteristic of a new geography of capital. Methodologically, we propose a mixed platform based on in field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants, bibliographic analysis and information gathering in the Real Estate Notary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dilemma: What can the Ki-taek family do to survive the hardships caused by neoliberal governmentality? Educational objective: This case was developed to assess the implications of neoliberal governmentality on individuals’ living conditions and analyze the possibilities for overcoming these implications, as well as the role of the state in this regard. Context: The Ki-taek family lives in dire poverty in an unhealthy basement on the outskirts of Seoul, South Korea, due to unemployment. Resorting to odd jobs to get by, the family’s situation begins to improve when Ki-woo starts working as an English tutor for the eldest daughter of a wealthy couple in the city. Enamored by the couple’s opulent lifestyle, the Ki-taek family devises a plan to infiltrate this privileged home. The opening created by Ki-woo is enough for all his relatives to see an opportunity for social ascent, even at the cost of a series of schemes that will reveal a high price. Main Theme: Neoliberal governmentality. Audience: This case can be explored by postgraduate students in Administration (Advanced Academic and Professional Programs). Originality/value: Through this case, students can develop the Foucauldian concept of neoliberal governmentality, constructing a critical view of the state’s role in promoting social justice. Additionally, students are expected to reflect on the ethical implications of the decisions and actions undertaken by the Ki-taek family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Rawls’s theory of justice constitutes one of the most significant works in political philosophy of the last century, which, due to its immense impact, has been subject to numerous analyses and critiques from various sectors of political philosophy. The purpose of this essay is to contribute to this debate by adopting a critical stance towards two mechanisms that claim to combat and remedy the profound social inequalities prevailing in our present, markedly neoliberal societies: on the one hand, the so-called affirmative actions, and on the other hand, meritocracy. It will be argued that both mechanisms can be directly deduced from the second subprinciple of Rawls’s second principle of justice (fair equality of opportunities) as instruments seemingly intended to materialize it; however, under certain special conditions, they ultimately result in exacerbating inequality and justifying an inequitable state of affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The access of rural societies to welfare opportunities and resources is at the core of policy and research agendas. The persistent ruralurban gap increases the risks of exclusion and is a challenge that rural dwellers tackle by bolstering their mobility to access labour markets, resources and services. The car has become a vector in the connections and transformations that sustain rural life; however, this mobility is also a source of new fractures in social and territorial cohesion. This paper explores how the rural mobility system has been shaped and analyses its impact on these societies. The results suggest integrating the issue of mobility into rural policies from a more complex sociological perspective, addressing demographic challenges, regional development and territorial cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La pandemia de Covid-19 trajo cambios en aspectos políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales. En el aspecto educativo se reinterpretó la forma tradicional de aprender y enseñar, así como la interacción entre docentes y estudiantes a distancia y en línea, en la cual los estudiantes presentaron dificultades en su proceso educativo; para dimensionar y comprender las problemáticas que tuvieron durante la educación en línea, se llevó a cabo una recolección de información de diferentes revistas científicas para dar cuenta de lo ocurrido, y se realizó un estudio de caso en una escuela secundaria de Tlaltepango, San Pablo del Monte, Tlaxcala, México; donde se aplicó la técnica de encuesta con enfoque cuantitativo no probabilística, que mostró la realidad que vivieron los estudiantes en su proceso educativo, algunas de las situaciones vividas fueron no contar con servicio a la red, falta de conocimientos y habilidades digitales, carencias económicas en el hogar, falta de tiempo para aprender a utilizar las TIC, entre otras; llevándolos a una exclusión y desigualdad social generando vulnerabilidad en los hogares.

El propósito de este estudio es determinar si el factor escolar Promedio de bachillerato y factores socioeconómicos –como la ocupación y escolaridad de los padres, y el nivel socioeconómico de la familia–, influyen en los resultados del EXANI-II de manera general y en sus diferentes áreas de conocimiento y habilidades. La muestra estuvo conformada por la generación 2014-2018 de la Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa (314 estudiantes). Se utilizó el análisis multivariante de la varianza (MANOVA) y la Regresión Beta para determinar si el promedio de bachillerato, la ocupación y escolaridad de los padres, y el nivel socioeconómico de la familia influyeron en los resultados del examen. Los resultados muestran que los factores analizados son determinantes en los resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes en el EXANI II.

Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre las desigualdades sociales y la mortalidad por lesiones de tránsito en Colombia durante 2019. Métodos. En este estudio ecológico se evaluó la asociación entre las desigualdades sociales y la mortalidad por lesiones de tránsito de las personas usuarias del sistema de transporte terrestre carretero en Colombia durante 2019, con base en fuentes secundarias de información, a nivel de departamento como unidad administrativa y geográfica de estudio. Se hizo un análisis estadístico descriptivo tanto del indicador de salud como de los estratificadores de equidad y se utilizaron medidas absolutas y relativas para determinar las brechas de desigualdad social. Resultados. En 2019 murieron en Colombia 6 580 personas por lesiones de tránsito, la mayoría de las cuales (82%) eran hombres. La condición de usuario más crítica fue la de motociclista. El grupo etario con más víctimas tenía aproximadamente 30 años. Los departamentos con población entre 500 000 y 2 000 000 de habitantes tuvieron la más alta participación. El estratificador de equidad con la condición más crítica de desigualdad fue el número de motocicletas registradas por cada 100 000 habitantes. Se evidenciaron brechas de desigualdad importantes entre los departamentos. Conclusiones. Se reconocieron desigualdades de la mortalidad por lesiones de tránsito en Colombia. Se deben orientar políticas y actuaciones que contribuyan a la disminución de las inequidades identificadas, lo que redunda en la calidad de vida, bienestar y salud de los ciudadanos.

El artículo estudia el Plan de Salud para la provincia argentina de Chaco presentado en el año 2020. Se problematiza su papel en el marco de las políticas generales del gobierno provincial y su modelo de desarrollo. Este trabajo se basa en un análisis de documentos públicos, y el cuerpo de datos se complementó con fuentes periodísticas y audiovisuales de actos oficiales. El contexto se describe a través de fuentes estadísticas oficiales. Describimos los rasgos de la estructura social y su relación con los determinantes sociales de la salud en la región, y el papel que juega el gobierno provincial en ese escenario. Destacamos la trampa en la que caen las provincias periféricas bajo el actual sistema de atención médica descentralizada, dada su escasez de recursos para atender a una población empobrecida. Finalmente, consideramos que el Plan de Salud provincial ocupa el papel de lograr mejoras en la calidad de vida de la población en el marco de un Estado atravesado por contradicciones parciales, pero orientado a un modelo de desarrollo periférico que tiende a la reproducción de asimetrías.