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This paper presents a generalization of the cross product to N dimensions, extending the classical operation beyond its traditional confines in three-dimensional space. By redefining the cross product to accommodate N − 1 arguments in N dimensions, a framework has been established that retains the core properties of orthogonality, magnitude, and anticommutativity. The proposed method leverages the determinant approach and introduces the polar sine function to calculate the magnitude of the cross product, linking it directly to the volume of an N-dimensional parallelotope. This generalization not only enriches the theoretical foundation of vector calculus but also opens up new applications in high-dimensional data analysis, machine learning, and multivariate time series. The results suggest that this extension of the cross product could serve as a powerful tool for modeling complex interactions in multi-dimensional spaces, with potential implications across various scientific and engineering disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show that even-order Pascal tensors are positive-definite, and odd-order Pascal tensors are strongly completely positive. The significance of these is that our induction proof method also holds for some other families of completely positive tensors, whose construction satisfies certain rules, such that the inherence property holds. We show that for all tensors in such a family, even-order tensors would be positive-definite, and odd-order tensors would be strongly completely positive, as long as the matrices in this family are positive-definite. In particular, we show that even-order generalized Pascal tensors would be positive-definite, and odd-order generalized Pascal tensors would be strongly completely positive, as long as generalized Pascal matrices are positive-definite. We also investigate even-order positive-definiteness and odd-order strong complete positivity for fractional Hadamard power tensors. Furthermore, we study determinants of Pascal tensors. We prove that the determinant of the mth-order two-dimensional symmetric Pascal tensor is equal to the mth power of the factorial of m − 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractLet H and K be groups. In this paper we introduce a concept of determinant for endomorphisms of H × K and some concepts of incompatibility for group pairs as a measure of how far H and K are from being isomorphic. With the aid of the tools developed, we give a characterisation of invertible automorphisms of H × K by means of their determinants and an explicit description of Aut(H×K) as a group of 2-by-2 matrices, in case H or K belong to some relevant classes of groups. Many theoretical and practical applications of the determinants will be presented, together with examples and an analysis on some computational advantages of the determinants. In particular, we give a matrix characterisation of the whole automorphism group of some relevant classes of groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a significant cause of mortality globally, with several factors impacting patient outcomes, including access to healthcare, early detection, and treatment. Despite this, the specific factors affecting incidence of death among colorectal cancer patients in the Amhara region have not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, this study seeks to assess incidence and determinants of mortality among colorectal cancer patients in Amhara Region oncology centers. Results: The mean age of the participants was 48.6 years (SD ± 15). Median survival time was 23.8 months. The overall incidence rate or incidence density of a colorectal cancer mortality rate was 2.9 per 100 person-months (95% CI: 2.5–3.4). Survival rates of colorectal cancer patients 1and 5 year was 69.78% and 16.1%, respectively. The result of the multivariable analysis showed that colorectal cancer patients who had presenting symptoms [AHR = 2.67 (95% CI: 1.95, 3.67)], Base line HGB level < 12.5 mg/dl [AHR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.12, 2.37)], WHO or ECOG poor performance status [AHR = 2.99 (95% CI: 2.17, 4.12), late stage of cancer [AHR = 2.32 (95% CI: 1.42, 3.79)] and location of tumor on colorectal [AHR = 1.76 (95% CI: 1.20, 2.55)] were significantly associated with mortality of colorectal cancer. Conclusion and recommendation: The study highlights significant findings on the survival and mortality of colorectal cancer patients. The overall mortality rate was 2.9 per 100 person-months. Multivariable analysis identified presenting symptoms, low baseline hemoglobin levels, poor performance status, late-stage cancer, and tumor location as significant predictors of mortality. Highlighting the need for early detection and targeted care strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the formulas for binomial sums of harmonic numbers of higher order ∑ k = 0 n H k (r) n k (1 − q) k q n − k = H n (r) − ∑ j = 1 n D r (n , j) q j j . Recently, Mneimneh proved that D 1 (n , j) = 1 . In this paper, we find several different expressions of D r (n , j) for r ≥ 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Sex differences in nutrition-related determinants of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exist among the elderly. This study aimed to explore sex-specific influencing factors of MCI. Methods: A case–control study was conducted in 2020 involving 1086 elderly people aged 55 years and above from four sites in Zhejiang Province, China. Data on demographics, cognitive assessment, depression scale, daily food intake, and physical examinations were collected. The assessment of plant-based diet patterns depended on an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and an unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the determinants of MCI in females and males. Results: Among 571 females, 141 (24.7%) had MCI, and 126 (24.5%) had MCI among 514 male participants. In females, the multivariate analysis revealed that being unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.10–3.45), having depression (OR = 6.06, 95% CI: 1.87–19.66), and having a uPDI score ≥ 55 (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.50–3.89) were associated with a significantly elevated risk of MCI. Conversely, a cereal consumption of ≥300 g/d (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.19–0.53) was linked to a significantly reduced risk. In males, vegetable consumption ≥ 150 g/d (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.23–0.66), vegetable oil consumption ≥ 22 g/d (OR = 0.502, 95% CI: 0.307–0.820), and cereal consumption ≥ 300 g/d (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27–0.71) were associated with a lower MCI risk. Meanwhile, rural residence (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.12–3.25) and advanced age, especially 75 years old and above (OR = 4.71, 95% CI: 2.44–9.12), were also risk factors in males. Notably, the Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) model showed that females with a uPDI score < 55 had a lower prevalence of MCI, while those with a score ≥ 55 faced a higher risk. Conclusions: This study indicates potential sex disparities in the risk factors for MCI. Future research should prospectively establish causal relationships. Additionally, precise intervention strategies are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various industries see digital transformation (DT) as the pillar to coping with intensified competition, energy crises, and climate change. As a critical sector for DT, the construction industry's project-oriented paradigm and immature industrialized production method limit the research on emerging digital technology and ignore the theoretical mechanism. Through the lens of system adaptability, this study proposes a multifaceted model to examine the DT effectiveness and unveil the driving mechanism. (1) An extensive literature review, action research, and the nominal group technique identified 21 determinants, which were categorized into a technological–organizational–environmental (TOE) framework to analyze the construction industry's DT determinants from multiple dimensions. (2) This research utilizes data from 272 respondents collected through field research, with a survey designed to measure the relationships among variables. (3) Structural equation modeling (SEM) through Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOSs) has been used to analyze the hypotheses and analyze the impact of determinants from various dimensions on DT and examine their influence pathways. The results indicate that determinants in the technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions positively affect DT's success in the construction industry. The influence of the technological dimension is the strongest, and the organizational dimension is the weakest. The research findings offer valuable recommendations and insights for stakeholders in the construction industry, highlighting the importance of considering these three dimensions to enhance the overall effectiveness of DT when driving industry transformation and upgrading. Additionally, this study uses the TOE framework to reveal determinants from multiple dimensions. It combines SEM to explore the pathways of their effects, offering key theoretical insights for the body of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the determinant theory for Quadri-Partitioned Neutrosophic Fuzzy Matrices (QPNFMs), investigating their properties. In this study, we establish that det (Padj (P)) = det (P) = det (adj (P)P). Additionally, we propose a refined method to compute the determinant of matrices with a higher number of rows and columns. Furthermore, an algorithm is developed to address decision-making problems based on QPNFMs. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider some block matrices of dimension $nm\times{nm}$ whose components are triangular matrices of dimension $n\times{n}$. We prove that the determinant of such block matrices is determined only by the diagonal elements of their submatrices and that this determinant is expressed as the multiplication of some subdeterminants. If the components of dimension $n\times{n}$ are all diagonal matrices, then we prove that such a block matrix can be written as a product of simpler matrices. Besides, we investigate the eigenvalues, the adjoint, and the inverse of such block matrices.

Background: Anemia among reproductive-age women can lead to significant nutritional issues for future generations. In Indonesia, the anemia prevalence rate among women is alarmingly high at 30.44%. A key strategy to reduce anemia is the distribution of iron tablets (Fe) in schools. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the iron tablet program in schools and its relationship to the incidence of anemia among adolescent girls in Padang City. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was utilized, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. A cross-sectional design assessed the relationship between iron tablet distribution and anemia prevalence. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews to explore the program's implementation. The study involved two schools in Padang City, randomly selecting a sample of 274 adolescent girls. Data were collected using standardized instruments, analyzed with statistical software, and examined using multiple logistic regression tests. Results: The iron tablets program hasn’t been optimally implemented. The study found 28.1% of adolescent girls were anemic. An iron tablet consumption history (p-value=0.035), the quantity consumed (p-value=0.034), father's education level (p-value=0.039), and nutritional knowledge (p-value=0.032) related with anemic. Girls who did not consume iron tablets were 3.03 times more likely to be anemic. Many expressed concerns about the potential negative effects of iron tablets. Conclusions: This study reveals a troubling prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls, with nearly one-third affected. Inadequate iron tablet consumption, along with parental education and nutritional knowledge, significantly contributes to this issue. Concerns about side effects emphasize the urgent need for targeted educational interventions.

Abstract Premature rupture of membranes is responsible for increased perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity. Therefore, identifying the determining factors is essential for minimizing its adverse impact. Despite the existence of this problem in the study area, there is a gap in identifying the factors affecting its occurrence. We investigate the determinants of premature membrane rupture among mothers receiving labor care at three public hospitals public hospitals in the Northeast Ethiopia, from December 1, 2022, to March 30, 2023. Unmatched case‒control study was conducted and a total of 353 participants (118 cases and 235 controls) receiving labor care were recruited. The data were collected using a face to face interview and card review, entered into EpiData 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 17. As a result; previous caesarian section (AOR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.05–4.23), history of abortion (AOR: 3.68; 95% CI: 1.70–7.94), history of premature membrane rupture (AOR: 3.89; 95% CI: 1.73–8.71), chronic cough (AOR: 4.23; 95% CI: 1.47–12.18), mid-upper arm circumference

Abstract Background Preterm delivery refers to childbirth that occurs before 37 full weeks’ gestation. Globally, around 13.4 million babies are born preterm annually, a million died due to its complications. Identifying its determinants is mandatory to decrease preterm birth and thereby neonatal deaths. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preterm delivery among mothers who gave birth in hospitals in the Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from March 29 to May 20, 2023, in the Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Cases were women who gave birth after 28 weeks and before 37 completed weeks, and controls were women who gave birth at and after 37 and before 42 weeks of gestation from the first day of the last normal menstrual period. A consecutive sampling method was used. Data were collected by a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were coded and entered into Epi data 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Variables that had a P-value

Abstract Background Uncontrolled blood pressure is a significant public health problem associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In Ethiopia, 48% of hypertensive patients have Uncontrolled blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of uncontrolled blood pressure among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at the Negele and Adola General Hospitals in the Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based, unmatched case–control study was conducted in Negelle and Adola General Hospitals, Guji Zone, from January-01–30, 2023, on 384 samples. Study participants were selected consecutively as they came for treatment until the required sample size was obtained. The data were collected using an interview-administered structured questionnaire and medical chart review. The data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to model the association between the dependent and independent variables. The candidate variables with p

Abstract This study aims at assessing business landscape and growth determinants of micro- and small enterprises working in WASH sector. The study also investigates the effect of determinant factors on enterprise growth. The study population comprised 6000 enterprises working in six cities. The study used varieties of data collection instruments including questionnaire administered with randomly selected enterprises and collected valid data from a total of 300 enterprises; conducted 24 Key informant interviews with different officials in the Cities who are concerned with WASH products and services including private WASH goods and service suppliers; conducted 12 FGDs with utility officers; community representatives; enterprise owners to triangulate the data come up with the questionnaire result. The WASH business landscape in Ethiopia faced several challenges that hinder its ability to create demand for WASH products and services among enterprises. These challenges include inadequate and ineffective demand creation efforts, low capacity of private commercial operators, limited financial services available to both the private sector and households, inadequate business support services at the local level, and inadequate workspace for WASH enterprises. However, there are also several drivers of WASH sector development in the city, such as increased government commitment to supporting access to WASH services through policies and budget support, support from development partners like the World Bank, and an increase in the city’s population. The structural equation modeling result revealed that finance resources, administrative skills, marketing competence, and technical support were found to be significant. However, infrastructure facility was found insignificant. The study recommended that the government and stakeholders come together to support enterprises and play their roles in the growth of enterprises in Ethiopia.

Mental disorders are experienced by pregnant women 10% worldwide, the occurrence of mental health disorders certainly requires the best solution, so that it can reduce the impacts that arise, such as preeclampsia/eclampsia, bleeding, increased blood pressure measurement results, and prolonged second stage. Preliminary studies found that pregnant women felt anxious, and the examination was still focused on physical examination. The purpose of the study was to see the determinants that cause anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester, using a Cross-Sectional design and interview method using the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) questionnaire, a sample for the study of 138 respondents using the total population. The primary data used was from the questionnaire. Statistical analysis using multiple logistic regression. The variables of parity, history of pregnancy complications, facilities, husband's support, and support from health workers have a significant effect on anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester. The variable of health worker support is the most dominant on anxiety in pregnant women with an OR of 4.727. There is an influence of the variables of knowledge, parity, history of pregnancy complications, health facilities, and support from health workers, the dominant variable is the support of health workers, which is the main key to reducing anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester. The better the support from health workers for pregnant women, the greater the opportunity for mothers to not feel anxious during their pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to study the determinant for adoption of different farming system and major constraints faced by the respondents in the selected area. The research work was conducted under Charilam and Boxanagar blocks and from each block six villages were selected. Total 120 respondents were selected by adopting purposive stratified simple random sampling technique. The results of the study reveal that majority (59.00 per cent) of the respondents were of middle age, out of that 96 per cent were male respondents; married are 96.70 per cent; majority (45.00 per cent) respondents were up to middle school and 45.00 per cent respondents lives in semi-pucca house; majority (62.00 per cent) respondents were medium (2.00 to 3.50 ha) land holding. 71.00 per cent of the respondents were medium (4 to 8 family members); majority (65.80 per cent) were engaged under agriculture and majority (70.80 per cent) respondents were having experience of 7 to 11 years. During the research work total 8 IFS were identified in the study area viz; paddy + potato + dairy; paddy + tomato + dairy; paddy + potato + fishery + duckery; paddy + potato + fishery + piggery; paddy + brinjal + fishery + dairy; paddy + brinjal + fishery + poultry; paddy + cabbage + dairy; paddy + cabbage + dairy + vermicompost; out of that IFS-III recorded as highest contribution, followed by IFS-IV towards the benefit: cost ratio recorded as 3.31 and 3.30, respectively. Also, the age, education, land holding, experience and perception of the farmer contributed significant role for the adoption of integrated farming system. High input cost and scarcity of family labour were the major constraints faced by farmers. Government subsidies must released the enormous amount / number with low interest rate of bank loans; while the enterprise comprising of crops, livestock and fishery turns out to be remunerative for enhancing the income as well as increasing the employment opportunities to farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is to see the effect of digital marketing, brand image, and sales interaction on purchasing decisions mediated by customer satisfaction. This research uses the SEM method using 250 respondents at Mobile Phone Dealers at Shopping Centers in Jakarta. Research results of direct hypothesis testing show that Digital Marketing has a significant effect on Sales Performance, but not on Customer Satisfaction. Brand Image has a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction and almost significant on Sales Performance. Sales Interaction has a significant effect on Sales Performance and Customer Satisfaction. Customer Satisfaction has a very significant effect on Sales Performance. Indirect Hypothesis shows that the relationship between Digital Marketing, Customer Satisfaction, and Sales Performance is not significant. However, Brand Image and Sales Interaction have a highly significant effect on Sales Performance through Customer Satisfaction. The research concludes that Digital Marketing affects Sales Performance, while Brand Image and Sales Interaction affect Sales Performance and Customer Satisfaction. Customer Satisfaction has an effect on Sales Performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature rupture of membranes is responsible for increased perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity. Therefore, identifying the determining factors is essential for minimizing its adverse impact. Despite the existence of this problem in the study area, there is a gap in identifying the factors affecting its occurrence. We investigate the determinants of premature membrane rupture among mothers receiving labor care at three public hospitals public hospitals in the Northeast Ethiopia, from December 1, 2022, to March 30, 2023. Unmatched case‒control study was conducted and a total of 353 participants (118 cases and 235 controls) receiving labor care were recruited. The data were collected using a face to face interview and card review, entered into EpiData 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 17. As a result; previous caesarian section (AOR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.05–4.23), history of abortion (AOR: 3.68; 95% CI: 1.70–7.94), history of premature membrane rupture (AOR: 3.89; 95% CI: 1.73–8.71), chronic cough (AOR: 4.23; 95% CI: 1.47–12.18), mid-upper arm circumference < 23 cm (AOR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.53–7.84), suspected sepsis (AOR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.25–1.99), and presence of urinary tract infection (AOR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.50–6.60) were determinants of premature membrane rupture. These findings underscore previous history of C/S, abortion, PROM, presence of different infections and malnutrition are associated with the case. This highlighting the need for comprehensive prenatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All linear chromosomal ends have specific DNA-protein complexes called telomeres. Telomeres serve as a "molecular clock" to estimate the potential length of cell replication. Shortening of telomere length (TL) is associated with cellular senescence, aging, and various age-related diseases in humans. Here we reviewed the structure, function, and regulation of telomeres and the age-related diseases associated with telomere attrition. Among the various determinants of TL, we highlight the connection between TL and heredity to provide a new overview of genetic determinants for TL. Studies across multiple species have shown that maternal and paternal TL influence the TL of their offspring, and this may affect life span and their susceptibility to age-related diseases. Hence, we reviewed the linkage between TL and parental influences and the proposed mechanisms involved. More in-depth studies on the genetic mechanism for TL attrition are needed due to the potential application of this knowledge in human medicine to prevent premature frailty at its earliest stage, as well as promote health and longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The prevalence of patients with mental disorders in Indonesia in 2013 was 1.7 per mile and there was an increase in the number to 7 per mile in 2018. Based on East Java health profile data in 2021 the number of ODGJ (People With Mental Disorders) with serious disorders was 72,041 and the highest number was the city of Surabaya with the number 5,546 cases. Materials and methods: This research uses descriptive analytics. The sample was 104 families of patients with hallucinations in Surabaya. Data analysis used bivariate analysis using the independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation test and one-way ANOVA test. Results: Significance was found in different durations of hallucinatory disorders based on age group (sig 0.0001), mostly sufferers aged 18-25 years have a shorter period of hallucinatory disorders than sufferers aged 26 years and over; there is a difference in the duration of hallucinatory disorders between those treated by parents and family (sig 0.001) and between those treated by siblings and others (sig 0.014); There is a significant difference in the length of time people suffer from hallucinatory disorders based on the age of the patient's companion, 18-25 years and 26-49 years (sig 0.046) and the age of the patient's companion 18-25 years and 50 years and above (sig 0.012). Conclusion: This study aims to analyses the determinants that determine the duration of hallucinations in patients with mental health disorders in Surabaya City. Determinants that influence the length of time a patient has hallucinations include age, the sufferer's companion, and the companion's age. More optimal family functioning can reduce the amount of time of patient experiences hallucinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new explicit formula for the determinant that contains superexponentially fewer terms than the usual Leibniz formula. As an immediate corollary of our formula, we show that the tensor rank of the $n \times n$ determinant tensor is no larger than the $n$ -th Bell number, which is much smaller than the previously best-known upper bounds when $n \geq 4$. Over fields of non-zero characteristic we obtain even tighter upper bounds, and we also slightly improve the known lower bounds. In particular, we show that the $4 \times 4$ determinant over ${\mathbb{F}}_2$ has tensor rank exactly equal to $12$. Our results also improve upon the best-known upper bound for the Waring rank of the determinant when $n \geq 17$ , and lead to a new family of axis-aligned polytopes that tile ${\mathbb{R}}^n$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Uncontrolled blood pressure is a significant public health problem associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In Ethiopia, 48% of hypertensive patients have Uncontrolled blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of uncontrolled blood pressure among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at the Negele and Adola General Hospitals in the Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based, unmatched case–control study was conducted in Negelle and Adola General Hospitals, Guji Zone, from January-01–30, 2023, on 384 samples. Study participants were selected consecutively as they came for treatment until the required sample size was obtained. The data were collected using an interview-administered structured questionnaire and medical chart review. The data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to model the association between the dependent and independent variables. The candidate variables with p < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression. An Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI were used to measure the strength of the association. Finally, at p < 0.05, statistical significance was declared. Results: A sample of 384 respondents (128 cases and 256 controls) were included, for a response rate of 100%. No adherence to medication (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.16–3.44), no adherence to smoking abstinence (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.05–3.22), no adherence to weight management (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.04–3.92), poor hypertension knowledge (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.26–3.76), use of traditional medicine (AOR = 9.13, 95% CI = 5.31–15.69), and overweight (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.79–6.26) were significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. Conclusion: This study revealed that no adherence to medication, smoking, weight management, poor hypertension knowledge, traditional medicine use, and being overweight were determinants of uncontrolled blood pressure. Since these are modifiable and preventable factors, there is a need to implement interventions that will enhance self-care practices in this population to improve treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at assessing business landscape and growth determinants of micro- and small enterprises working in WASH sector. The study also investigates the effect of determinant factors on enterprise growth. The study population comprised 6000 enterprises working in six cities. The study used varieties of data collection instruments including questionnaire administered with randomly selected enterprises and collected valid data from a total of 300 enterprises; conducted 24 Key informant interviews with different officials in the Cities who are concerned with WASH products and services including private WASH goods and service suppliers; conducted 12 FGDs with utility officers; community representatives; enterprise owners to triangulate the data come up with the questionnaire result. The WASH business landscape in Ethiopia faced several challenges that hinder its ability to create demand for WASH products and services among enterprises. These challenges include inadequate and ineffective demand creation efforts, low capacity of private commercial operators, limited financial services available to both the private sector and households, inadequate business support services at the local level, and inadequate workspace for WASH enterprises. However, there are also several drivers of WASH sector development in the city, such as increased government commitment to supporting access to WASH services through policies and budget support, support from development partners like the World Bank, and an increase in the city's population. The structural equation modeling result revealed that finance resources, administrative skills, marketing competence, and technical support were found to be significant. However, infrastructure facility was found insignificant. The study recommended that the government and stakeholders come together to support enterprises and play their roles in the growth of enterprises in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preterm delivery refers to childbirth that occurs before 37 full weeks' gestation. Globally, around 13.4 million babies are born preterm annually, a million died due to its complications. Identifying its determinants is mandatory to decrease preterm birth and thereby neonatal deaths. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preterm delivery among mothers who gave birth in hospitals in the Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from March 29 to May 20, 2023, in the Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Cases were women who gave birth after 28 weeks and before 37 completed weeks, and controls were women who gave birth at and after 37 and before 42 weeks of gestation from the first day of the last normal menstrual period. A consecutive sampling method was used. Data were collected by a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were coded and entered into Epi data 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Variables that had a P-value < 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Finally, p-value < 0.05 was used to claim statistical significance. Result: From a total of 405 eligible participants, 399 respondents (133 cases and 266 controls) participated in this study with a response rate of 98.52%. The result of the multivariable analysis shows that mothers who resided in rural areas [AOR = 2.78:95% CI (1.51–5.12)], not receiving support from their partner [AOR = 2.37:95% CI (1.24–4.51)], less than four antenatal care visits [AOR = 4.52:95%CI (2.38–8.57)], developed pregnancy-induced hypertension [AOR = 5.25:95%CI (2.27–12.14)] and exposed for intimate partner violence [AOR = 2.95:95%CI (1.105–7.85)], had statistically significant association with experiencing preterm delivery. Conclusion and recommendation: Most of the determinants for preterm delivery have been proven modifiable. Thus, designing new strategies, providing comprehensive mobile clinic services to address hard-to-reach areas and Health care providers should give due attention to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension and exposure to intimate partner violence and increase the awareness of antenatal care follow-up and benefit of support during pregnancy to reduce preterm delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the set of m × n {m\times n} matrices with rational entries having numerator and denominator of size at most H and obtain various upper bounds on the number of such matrices of a given rank, or with a given determinant, or a given characteristic polynomial. We also consider similar questions for matrices whose entries are Egyptian fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, we evaluate the following three symmetric Toeplitz determinants: $$\begin{align*} &{\rm det}{[|j-k|+\delta_{jk}]_{1\leq j,k\leq n}},\ {\rm det}[F_{|j-k|}+\delta_{jk}]_{1\le j,k\le n} \quad {\rm and}\\ &{\rm det}\left[\genfrac{(}{)}{}{}{|j-k|}{3}-\delta_{jk}\right]_{1\le j,k\le n}, \end{align*} $$ det [ | j − k | + δ jk ] 1 ≤ j , k ≤ n , det [ F | j − k | + δ jk ] 1 ≤ j , k ≤ n and det [ ( | j − k | 3 ) − δ jk ] 1 ≤ j , k ≤ n , where $ \delta _{jk} $ δ jk is the Kronecker delta, $ (F_i)_{i\ge 0} $ (F i) i ≥ 0 is the Fibonacci sequence, and $ \left (\frac {\cdot }3\right) $ (⋅ 3) is the Legendre symbol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We define three kinds banded Toeplitz matrices via with the upper and lower bandwidths "..." and "...". The determinant evaluation is explicitly given for three kinds banded Toeplitz matrices via bivariate Tribonacci and Delannoy polynomials by using generating function approach and recurrence relations. Moreover perturbed versions of each kinds of the banded Toeplitz matrices by a 2 x 2 general square matrix at the upper right corner will be explicitly computed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a new generalization of the Frank matrix, which is a lower Hessenberg matrix called the generalized max r -Frank matrix. We obtain a recurrence relation provided by the characteristic polynomial, inverse, determinant, and norm properties of this matrix. We also present an example to illustrate the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) services play a crucial role in safeguarding the health of pregnant women during their reproductive years. This study aimed to evaluate the primary factors influencing the utilization of ANC among women of childbearing age in Isari town, Jigawa State. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 400 mothers of childbearing age, selecting them using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. The statistical analyses performed were descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The majority of respondents (92.5%) indicated awareness of ANC, with a significant proportion expressing the necessity of ANC services (85.7%). 57.8% of the respondents indicated attending ANC services at least four times during pregnancy. Furthermore, the number of visits has a significant relationship with age (P < 0.001), educational level (P = 0.003), occupation (P = 0.043), mother's knowledge of pregnancy danger signs (P = 0.001), and husband's support for ANC (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Enhancing ANC utilization will necessitate focusing on women residing in rural areas and those with limited educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundInformation on the prevalence of postpartum women anemia is scarce in China, as well as its impact on their offspring. This study aimed to explore the influencing factors of anemia and the impact on the offspring.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 977 women within 2 years postpartum in 10 sites from 2016 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province, China. Information on demographics, nutrient supplementation and diet was collected. Whole blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin and transferrin receptor were assessed for all women and whole blood hemoglobin was assessed in offspring. The multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of anemia and the impact on the offspring by calculating odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI).ResultsAmong 977 participants, 144 (14.74%) had anemia. Regression analysis showed that women intaking iron supplements during pregnancy (0.549, 0.350 ~ 0.860), and intaking sufficient red meat (0.647, 0.437 ~ 0.958) had lower rates of anemia, while women wo had anemia during pregnancy (2.754, 1.844 ~ 4.113 for mild anemia, and 3.815, 1.564 ~ 9.309 for moderate or severe anemia), had postpartum over 7 months (1.717, 1.112 ~ 2.650), with abnormal serum ferritin (11.931, 4.846 ~ 29.379) and excessive transferrin receptor levels (1.817, 1.050 ~ 3.145) had higher rates of anemia. Moreover, maternal anemia significantly increases the rate of anemia in offsprings, with ORs being 1.456 (0.994 ~ 2.133) for mild anemia, and 2.961 (1.242 ~ 7.058) for moderate or severe anemia, respectively.ConclusionThe status of anemia in postpartum women was severe and its impact on the anemia of their offspring should be noted. It is highly necessary to strengthen the regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels in pregnant and postpartum women, as well as implement targeted dietary interventions and suggest to intake dietary supplements if necessary.

In this paper, we introduce a new generalization of the Frank matrix, which is a lower Hessenberg matrix called the generalized max -Frank matrix. We obtain a recurrence relation provided by the characteristic polynomial, inverse, determinant, and norm properties of this matrix. We also present an example to illustrate the results obtained.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a significant global health issue, leading to higher rates of infant and child morbidity and mortality. In 2022, Indonesia had a 12.58% rate, while in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, the rate was higher at 16.30%. The Covid-19 pandemic, which severely impacted East Kalimantan also influenced LBW rates. Objectives: Analyzed the determinants of LBW incidence during the Covid-19 pandemic in Kutai Kartanegara. Methods: This population of 1265 mothers delivered in four public health centers with the highest cases of BBLR. This study used a case control design for 240 mothers, including 120 mothers who gave birth to babies with low birth weight and 120 mothers who gave birth to babies with LBW. Data were obtained from e-cohort data according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection occurred from August until October 2022 through interviews with structured questionnaires and maternal child handbooks. Data analysis was performed with logistic regression. Results: Determinant factors LBW were maternal nutritional risk (upper arm circumference

Let $ a_0, a_1, \dots, a_{n-1} $ be real numbers and let $ A = Circ(a_0, a_1, \dots, a_{n-1}) $ be a circulant matrix with $ f(x) = \Sigma ^{n-1}_{j = 0}a_jx^j $. First, we prove that $ Circ(a_0, a_1, \dots, a_{n-1}) $ must be invertible if the sequence $ a_0, a_1, \dots, a_{n-1} $ is a strictly monotonic sequence and $ a_0+a_1+\dots+a_{n-1}\neq 0 $. Next, we reduce the calculation of $ f(\varepsilon ^0)f(\varepsilon)\dots f(\varepsilon ^{n-1}) $ for a prime $ n $ by using the techniques on finite fields, where $ \varepsilon $ is a primitive $ n $-th root of unity. Finally, we provide two examples to explain how to use the obtained results to calculate the determinant of a circulant matrix.

Background: Stunting affects the quality of a country's human resources so it is important to prevent and overcome it. Stunting cases in Kalinyamatan Jepara District have increased from 12.4% in 2021 to 18.9% in 2022 and to 19.05% in 2023. Objectives: This research analyzed the stunting risk factors of two-year-old toddlers in Kalinyamatan district, Jepara Regency. Methods: This case-control study involved 77 stunting children and 77 normal children. The researchers selected the subjects at the integrated health care service with the highest number of visitors of two-year-old toddlers from 12 villages in Kalinyamatan district, Jepara regency, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research lasted from March to April 2024. The researchers collected the primary data with a questionnaire and the dietary diversity with a food recall questionnaire for 2x24 hours. Secondary data was collected from the mother-child health book (KIA). Results: The results showed no differences in terms of ages and sex types from both stunting and normal children. The multivariate analysis with logistic regression test found a correlation between the anemia history during pregnancy (OR:2.75; 95% CI:1.31 - 5.78; p:0.007), career woman status (OR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.24-6.37; p:0.014), low birth weight (OR: 3.98; 95% CI: 1.54-10.27; p:0.004), low dietary diversity (OR: 3.71; 95% CI: 1.63-8.44; p:0.002), and incomplete immunization (OR: 4.02; 95% CI: 1.66-9.74; p:0.002) with the stunting prevalence. Conclusions: Maternal (the anemia history during the pregnancy, career woman status, and low birth weight), lack of dietary diversity, and incomplete immunization become the simultaneous determinants of stunting risk factors for two-year-old toddlers in Kalinyamatan district, Jepara Regency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a significant global health issue, leading to higher rates of infant and child morbidity and mortality. In 2022, Indonesia had a 12.58% rate, while in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, the rate was higher at 16.30%. The Covid-19 pandemic, which severely impacted East Kalimantan also influenced LBW rates. Objectives: Analyzed the determinants of LBW incidence during the Covid-19 pandemic in Kutai Kartanegara. Methods: This population of 1265 mothers delivered in four public health centers with the highest cases of BBLR. This study used a case control design for 240 mothers, including 120 mothers who gave birth to babies with low birth weight and 120 mothers who gave birth to babies with LBW. Data were obtained from e-cohort data according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection occurred from August until October 2022 through interviews with structured questionnaires and maternal child handbooks. Data analysis was performed with logistic regression. Results: Determinant factors LBW were maternal nutritional risk (upper arm circumference <23.5 cm) (OR=2.800, 95% CI=1.237-6.340), history of anemia (OR=3.156, 95% CI=1.716-5.804), history of Covid-19 (OR=4.357, 95% CI=2.355-8.063), living with a smoker (OR=2.505, 95% CI=1.716-2.804), and not having health insurance (OR=2.744, 95% CI=1.435-5.247). Conclusions: Internal factors such as age, under arm circumference, anemia, Covid-19, birth spacing, and parity and external factors (such as living with smokers, not having insurance) were interconnected in contributing to the risk of LBW, the pandemic further influenced these determinant factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we obtain a new estimate for the (product) γ -diagonally dominant degree of the Schur complement of matrices. As applications we discuss the localization of eigenvalues of the Schur complement and present several upper and lower bounds for the determinant of strictly γ -diagonally dominant matrices, which generalizes the corresponding results of Liu and Zhang (SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 27 (2005) 665-674). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable innovations offer opportunities to address environment and social concerns along with ensuring economic gains. To harness this opportunity, organisations require relevant organisational and strategic skills. This study uses a semi-systematic literature review combined with content analysis to identify and synthesise 87 peer-reviewed research papers and create a comprehensive conceptual framework of internal firm factors that enhance sustainability-oriented product and process innovations in an organisation. It identifies 10 variables that incorporate the four broad factors required for successful sustainable innovation performance, namely, requisite resources and capabilities, conducive organisational structures and processes, a culture that promotes sustainable innovations and leadership that is committed to sustainability goals. The framework provides a comprehensive and structured perspective on the internal factors promoting sustainable innovations, and, therefore, gives practical insights to organisations in their sustainability journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMethodsResultsConclusionsCurrent study aimed to understand the distribution and determinants of anterior chamber angle (ACA) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) in Chinese young adults, which can help fill current data gaps and aid in early detection and intervention for high-risk population of primary angle closure glaucoma.This cross-sectional study utilized data from 2014 participants who completed questionnaire and eye examination in September 2021. ACV and ACA were measured using a Pentacam tomographer. Spherical equivalent (SE) was evaluated by autorefractor without cycloplegia. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) were evaluated using Corvis-ST. Axial length (AL), corneal radius (CR), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and white to white were assessed using the IOL Master.A total of 1635 students were included in the analysis. The mean ACV and AVA were 194.74 ± 32.30 μL and 38.81 ± 4.84°, respectively. Males have a larger ACV and wider ACA than females. ACV was positively correlated with ACA (r = 0.24, p < 0.001), and the correlation was stronger for non-myopic students than for myopic students. Multivariable linear regression model showed that AL (β = 2.41), CR (β = –4.12), CCT (β = –0.11), ACD (β = 97.93), and bIOP (β = 0.40) were associated with ACV, and CCT (β = –0.01), CR (β = 0.38), and ACD (β = 7.41) were associated with ACA (all p < 0.05). Random forest model indicated that ACD was the most critical predictor of both ACV and ACA.This study reported the distribution and determinants of ACA and ACV. Deeper ACD was associated with larger ACV and wider ACA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the jump risk contagion between the US and China during the financial crisis driven by COVID-19, and the impact of a series of determinants to detect the transmission mechanisms. Specifically, we employ the ARJI–GARCH model to capture jump behavior and apply the Clayton Copula to construct lower tail jump contagion. Furthermore, we conduct regression analysis on variables related to economic fundamentals and investor behavior to explore the fundamental or pure contagion hypotheses. Our results suggest an increased jump dependence during major catastrophic crises such as COVID-19, but it is closer to a memory-less process. Besides, bilateral trade, similarity in fundamentals and investor behavior are all important determinants, and pure contagion hypothesis exists between the Chinese and US stock markets during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Munarini (J Integer Seq 23: Article 20.3.8, 2020) recently showed that the derangement polynomial d n (q) = ∑ σ ∈ D n q maj (σ) is expressible as the determinant of either an n × n tridiagonal matrix or an n × n lower Hessenberg matrix. Qi et al. (Cogent Math 3:1232878, 2016) showed that the classical derangement number d n = n ! ∑ k = 0 n (- 1) k k ! is expressible as a tridiagonal determinant of order n + 1 . We show in this work that similar determinantal expressions exist for the type B derangement polynomial d n B (q) = ∑ σ ∈ D n B q fmaj (σ) studied previously by Chow (Sém Lothar Combin 55:B55b, 2006), and the type D derangement polynomial d n D (q) = ∑ σ ∈ D n D q maj (σ) studied recently by Chow (Taiwanese J Math 27(4):629–646, 2023). Representations of the types B and D derangement numbers d n B and d n D as determinants of order n + 1 are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The digital divide (DD) reflects the inequality of the digital economy, while existing research lacks a comprehensive framework for investigating the measurement of DD and its determinants. This study constructs a new framework with a five-dimensional comprehensive index system. City-level data are used to measure China's DD index from 2010 to 2020 at the national, regional, and provincial levels. Furthermore, this study investigates the decomposition of DD at both regional and provincial levels and the determinants of DD from the perspectives of physical, human, and social capital. The key results are: (1) China's DD has generally exhibited a fluctuating downward trend. While it remains high in the eastern and western regions, it has shown a decline year by year. However, the DD within most provinces is on the rise. (2) The intra-regional and inter-provincial are the primary drivers of changes in national DD, with both intra-regional and intra-provincial contribution rates on the rise. (3) Economic growth, infrastructure, foreign trade, education, and online interaction significantly impact DD, and these determinants may change at different periods. This study intends to provide empirical support for bridging the DD, fostering the balanced development of the digital economy, and reducing social inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Anemia during pregnancy is a public health problem and is related to negative birth outcomes, especially in developing countries. The main aim of this study was to assess predictors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods Unmatched case-control study design was employed among 352 individuals. A face-to-face interview was used to gather data, and each pregnant woman's antenatal care follow-up record cards were reviewed in addition to the interview. EpiData version 3.1 and IBM SPSS version 26 was used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify predictors of anemia, a p-value of <0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. Result The common determinants for anemia in pregnant mothers were: rural residency (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.14–4.8), no formal education (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI: 1.94–9.9), inter-pregnancy interval (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.24–5.8), and mid-upper arm circumference (AOR = 5.0, 95% CI: 2.0–12.7). Conclusion In this study, the identified determinant factors for anemia were: rural residency, maternal educational status, inter-pregnancy-interval, and mid-upper arm circumference. Therefore, providing health education and promotion for pregnant women regarding anemia by focusing on rural residents and counseling to lengthen their birth spacing is an important task. Moreover, counseling on taking iron supplementation as suggested and consuming a diet rich in iron during antenatal care will be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]