Search

Abstract:Aims: To assess the prevalence of drink-driving among adults in Germany and subgroups, and potential associations with sociodemographic or drinking characteristics. Methodology: Cross-sectional population survey of 5,153 respondents aged 18+ years in Germany (June–November 2021). We assessed self-reported drink-driving, defined as, in the past month, driving a motorised vehicle within 1 hour of consuming 2 or more alcoholic beverages. Regression models were used to examine sociodemographic and drinking characteristics associations with self-reported drink-driving among adults in Germany who drank alcohol and reported driving a motorised vehicle in the past month. Results: The prevalence of self-reported drink-driving was 4.1 % (95 % CI 3.6–4.7) among adults in Germany, and 5.7 % (95 % CI 5.0–6.5) among adults who were alcohol users and reported driving a motorised vehicle in the past month. Lower odds of drink-driving were found for women vs men (adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 0.63, 95 % CI 0.45–0.88), people with low vs middle income (ORadj = 0.82, 95 % CI 0.72–0.94), people living in rural vs urban areas (ORadj = 0.38, 95 % CI 0.27–0.54), and people consuming low vs medium alcohol levels (ORadj = 0.28, 95 % CI 0.18–0.44). There was no clear association with age or education level. Conclusions: Roughly 4 in 100 adults drank and drove in the past month in Germany. This is a public health issue requiring further study and potentially more targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract:Background: Cannabis use acutely impairs cognition, psychomotor coordination, and driving ability. It is associated with an increased risk of car crashes, especially in young drivers. We provide current estimates of driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) in the general population prior to cannabis legalization in Germany. Methods: Data are from the online portion of the 2021 wave of the Epidemiological Survey on Substance Abuse (ESA) with n = 532 adult past 12-month cannabis users. Initial checks conducted to evaluate potential selection bias of completing the ESA online instead of other methods revealed minimal bias. Results: Results indicate that in 2021 approximately 3 % of 12-month cannabis consumers and 0.3 % [95 % CI: 0.2, 0.5] of all respondents of the online portion of the ESA reported at least one instance of DUIC in the past 3 months. When extrapolated to the national population of adults 18 to 64 years old, we estimated 153,438 people [95 % CI: 102,279; 255,697] drove within 2 hours of consuming cannabis in the past 3 months. Conclusions: A small but important minority uses a vehicle shortly after cannabis use. It is important to inform these vulnerable groups about the risks. DUIC needs to be monitored regularly to examine the potential impact of the new cannabis law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ubiquitous images of a new life in the countryside form a collective imagination transporting hope for change and sometimes a fairytale-like country idyll. People find their way “back” to working with their hands and to “nature”, seeking serenity against the backdrop of crisis and local peace of mind in the face of global conflicts. The essence of this divergence between representation and reality raises the question of the limits between an individual and a collective symptom. What do these images reveal not only about aesthetics and psychology, but also about the social and political conditions of our time? The paper brings together findings from media studies, the history of aesthetics, geography, sociology, economics and psychology, enhanced by personal experience reports from France and Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Immobilienökonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the economic cohesion of two German areas, Hamburg and Saxony, in the 18th century, created through the inflow of Atlantic colonial groceries from the former to the latter. Combining different kinds of sources revealed the following. The trade flow from Hamburg to German lands began to shift from Prussia to Saxony in the middle of the 18th century. Within Saxony, the market was concentrated in two locations: the court city Dresden and proto-industrial district of Upper Lusatia. What made Saxony stand out were its liberal commercial policy and the development of rural trade. However, given that the growth of the market in Saxony was confined to geographically narrow zones, and that Prussia refused to be integrated with Hamburg, I concluded that the German market was distorted.

Copyright of Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the economic cohesion of two German areas, Hamburg and Saxony, in the 18th century, created through the inflow of Atlantic colonial groceries from the former to the latter. Combining different kinds of sources revealed the following. The trade flow from Hamburg to German lands began to shift from Prussia to Saxony in the middle of the 18th century. Within Saxony, the market was concentrated in two locations: the court city Dresden and proto-industrial district of Upper Lusatia. What made Saxony stand out were its liberal commercial policy and the development of rural trade. However, given that the growth of the market in Saxony was confined to geographically narrow zones, and that Prussia refused to be integrated with Hamburg, I concluded that the German market was distorted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climatic and ecological changes across the globe represent a challenge for humanity that can only be solved through a great transformation, that is, a widespread shift toward sustainable spatial development. This means addressing transformation needs in all systems to recognize that civil society, economies and politics are all predetermined by planetary boundaries. This transformation demands that the fields of applied spatial science and spatial planning identify strategies and solutions. This paper examines the extent to which these topics are already being addressed by the universitylevel spatial studies programs currently training future plan-develops and examines criteria for evaluating these programs using guideline-based interviews and literature research to perform detailed analysis of selected programs. The study demonstrates that not only specialist knowledge, but also personal and methodological skills are crucial to the success for far-reaching change processes and, ultimately, a societywide paradigm shift. In some cases, these skills are already being addressed by individual spatial studies programs, especially planning programs. However, there remains a need to accelerate the cultivation of independent learning skills and collaboration in inter- and transdisciplinary teams. Accordingly, this paper proposes a differentiated view of teaching and learning formats in higher education and encourages deepening the focus of spatial studies programs on sustainability and transformation issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germany is currently experiencing a renewed rise of suburbanisation and an associated increase in urban expansion in the peripheries of large cities. How this development--referred to below as the "fifth suburbanisation" in the history of this country--can be characterized in the light of earlier phases of intraregional deconcentration is the topic of this paper. The four historical reference phases are not to be understood as clearly distinguishable and successive developments. Their conceptualization is less temporal than structural-material, socio-spatial, institutional, cultural, economic and political-discursive. The focus is on characteristics of built environments typical of each phase, specific social and economic drivers, dominant housing and planning policies, socio-cultural meanings and values as well as social embedding and negotiation processes. Suburban development of the 2020s will take place in a socioeconomically and institutionally changed process field, even though there is still little empirical evidence in this regard. Accordingly, this paper also aims to call for a discussion on new research desiderata and realistic policy designs for suburban spatial development in the 2020s. A historical contextualization of the current development and planning processes is considered essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Comprehensive provision of general healthcare (i.e. primary care) within the populace is contingent on there being enough general practitioners (GPs) in proximity to patients. It is no longer the case that vacated allocated positions for primary-care physicians are being filled in all regions. Support for specialist training in general medical practice is one of the measures intended to ensure provision of GP services. This analytical project aims to make a data-driven contribution to gauging the impact of such support on primary care in Germany, while also delivering pointers for further research. Methods: On the basis of routinely collected data, the history of such support was examined in detail for all practice-based, statutory health insurance (SHI)-accredited GPs during the period 2016–2022. In the analysis, GPs were broken down by whether they took up full-time or part-time roles, self-employed or salaried roles, and roles in a practice or in an ambulatory healthcare centre (MVZ). Results: During the period under review, the proportion of those who have both recently commenced work as SHI-accredited GPs and had previously used support for their specialist training, increased from 57% to 81%. The total number of new GPs (headcount) rose from 1,590 to 1,955. Results indicate that those who had availed themselves of this support take up self-employed and full-time roles more often than those who had not. Conclusions: Both take-up of support for specialist training, and the number of new GPs, increased markedly during the period under review. The data does not indicate any causal links. However, these results could form a jumping-off point for further research (in general) into support for specialist training, and (in particular) into how this may impact these individuals' subsequent work roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie ( KZfSS) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie ( KZfSS) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SIRIUS - Zeitschrift fur Strategische Analysen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politische Vierteljahresschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politische Vierteljahresschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Discussion Papers is the property of Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Berliner Journal für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although writing centers based on the US model are now widespread at German universities, they are still in the process of being established and institutionalized. This article (Roles and Possibilities of Influence of Writing Centers at German Universities. First Results of a Germany-wide Survey) explores the question of what role writing centers currently play at German universities after the expiry of the Quality Pact for Teaching, which facilitated their rise, and how they are institutionally positioned as actors. The article presents the initial results of a survey conducted in spring 2023 among writing centers at German universities, in which 77 of 146 existing centers participated. Data is presented on the institutional placement of the centers, the range of services offered, target groups, advice provided to university management, research activities, participation in internal decisions, and staffing. The aim of this article is to provide an empirically based stocktaking of the status of writing centers in Germany.

Nahezu alle Fachleute sind sich darüber einig, dass das deutsche Gesundheitssystem an seine Grenzen gestoßen ist und umfassend überarbeitet werden muss. Zwar geben Versicherte und Steuerzahler sehr viel Geld für Gesundheitsversorgung aus, erhalten dafür aber nicht immer entsprechende Spitzenleistungen. Und das, obwohl im Gesundheitssystem hochkompetente Leistungserbringer tätig sind und in weiten Bereichen leistungsfähige Einrichtungen und Strukturen bereitstehen. Dem stehen Leistungsbremsen gegenüber, die in verschiedenen Bereichen Dysfunktionalitäten mit teilweise gravierenden Folgen erzeugen: unzureichende Kompromissfähigkeit zwischen Bundes- und Landespolitik, dysfunktionale Sektorierung, Diskrepanzen zwischen Angebot und Bedarf, Wettstreit zwischen Qualität und Ökonomie und über allem steht als Gipfel die mangelhafte Beteiligung der Patienten/Versicherten – sie finanzieren schließlich das Gesundheitssystem! Dieser Artikel geht über die Beschreibungen der aktuellen Situation hinaus und versucht zu analysieren, warum es Deutschland nicht gelingt, die sehr guten inhaltlichen und strukturellen Voraussetzungen in ein modernes, leistungs- und lernfähiges Gesundheitssystem zu übersetzen.

Der Beitrag erklärt, basierend auf der Theorie Pierre Bourdieus, den empirisch belegbaren Zusammenhang zwischen formal niedrigem Bildungsabschluss, Misstrauen gegen die Wissenschaft und dem Wählen von sich als „wissenschaftsskeptisch“ inszenierenden Parteien. Grundlage dafür ist zum einen eine doppelte Lesart Bourdieus, die einerseits orthodox bildungssoziologisch und andererseits politisch erfolgt, zum anderen sind es empirische Daten zum sich wandelnden Vertrauen in die Wissenschaft vor dem Hintergrund der Corona-Pandemie im Zeitraum 2018 bis 2023 in Deutschland. Der Autor zeigt auf, dass sowohl die Wissenschaft als auch die Politik Ausschlussmechanismen aufweisen, die Personen mit niedriger formaler Bildung benachteiligen. Außerdem sei im Zuge der Corona-Pandemie der Wechselkurs zwischen wissenschaftlichem und politischem Kapital gestiegen, was bedeute, dass Personen mit ersterem mehr politische Macht erhielten. Das Zusammenwirken dieser Ausschlussmechanismen trägt dazu bei, dass sich Personen als wissenschaftsskeptisch positionieren. Daraus ergeben sich Konsequenzen für Bildungspraxis und Politik, die der Autor beschreibt und durch erste Überlegungen zu Handlungsbedarfen ergänzt. (Red.)