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This research investigated the spatial flow field of a pipe with a spoiler attachment and the modifications in the wake flow field of a bed-mounted horizontal pipe due to the attachment of a spoiler to the pipe for two different approach flow conditions. To attain the above-mentioned objective, the spatial evolution of the mean and turbulence flow properties in the flow field of the cylinder with an attached spoiler was determined. In addition, the mean flow and turbulence properties of a pipe without a spoiler attachment were compared with the properties of a pipe with an attached spoiler of height 0.2 D. For this purpose, two approach flow Reynolds numbers based on the pipe's diameter (D) and the free-stream velocity (U∞), Re∞ = 8850 and 11650, were considered. Three-dimensional (3D) velocity measurements were recorded with an acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) between locations 4 D upstream (u/s) and 12 D downstream (d/s) of the pipe. It is observed that the length of the recirculation region is increased extensively due to the spoiler on the pipe from 6 D and 6.4 D to 10.7 D. The peak streamwise velocities for both Reynolds numbers are located near the free-water surface, as separated flows are deflected upward and result in enhanced free-stream velocities, which are higher than their approach flow free-stream velocities. In addition to that, the strength of the backflow is enhanced by 23% due to the attachment of the spoiler as compared to that of the pipe without the spoiler. The streamwise and vertical turbulence intensities are increased by 24% and 36%, respectively, and the wake flow field is found to be highly anisotropic. The streamwise turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stress (RSS), turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and turbulence indicator are attaining their peaks near the top level of the spoiler in the wake region. The triple velocity correlations indicate that the switching of sweeps and ejection events takes place near the top level of the spoiler. Therefore, it can be concluded that the spoiler attachment has increased the turbulence level in the wake region, and their highest magnitudes are located near the top level of the spoiler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome-wide identification of all the genes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis were carried out in silico using potato genome sequence. Of the 12 genes analysed [geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPS), phytoene synthase (PSY), f-carotene desaturase (ZDS), carotenoid isomerise (CRTISO), lycopene e-cyclase (LCY-e), lycopene β-cyclase (LCY-β), β-carotene hydroxylase (CHY-β), violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), neoxanthin synthase (NXS), carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), 9-cisepoxycarotenoids dioxygenase (NCED)]; three genes namely ZDS, CRTISO and LCY-ε was found as single gene, on chromosome 1, 10 and 12, respectively. GGPS (chromosomes 4 & 11), LCY-β (chromosomes 4 & 10), CHY-β (chromosomes 3& 6) had two genes each. VDE (chromosome 4), NXS (chromosomes 2, 3 & 6) and NCED (chromosome 5, 7 & 8) showed presence of 3, 4 and 5 genes, respectively. CCD (chromosome 1 7 & 8) and PSY (chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 8 & 12) had six genes each in potato genome. These carotenoid biosynthesis genes differed in terms of number of introns, length of open reading frame, molecular weight and isoelectric points of deduced proteins, secondary structure composition etc. This information generated about genes and proteins of carotenoids biosynthesis pathway in potato may be very crucial and of vital utility for genome editing mediated interventions for enhancing total/ targeted carotenoids content in potato. Further, ZEP was cloned full length. The complete ORF of cloned ZEP was 2010 nucleotides long and encoding a protein having 669 amino acids (NCBI acc no. MK852682). It exhibited variations at 9 amino acid positions when compared with the one available in potato genome sequence database. These variations at 9 amino acids might provide some uniqueness to the cloned gene which might be involved in regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway especially beta-carotene, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin carotenoids etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular neoplasm of borderline or low-grade malignant potential uncommonly seen in head and neck region and has not been reported in the hypopharynx. We present here a case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma arising from the hypopharynx in a young female patient who presented with progressive dysphagia for 1-year and difficulty in breathing for 1-month. This is first reported case in published English literature to the best of our knowledge. Recognition of this borderline entity is necessary because of its potential for malignant transformation and recurrence. A wide excision and regular clinical follow-up would be an appropriate treatment protocol. The role of other therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is not yet well established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]