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Neurological disorders are becoming more common, and there is an intense search for molecules that can help treat them. Several natural components, especially those from the flavonoid group, have shown promising results. Ginkgetin is the first known biflavonoid, a flavonoid dimer isolated from ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.). Later, its occurrence was discovered in more than 20 different plant species, most of which are known for their use in traditional medicine. Herein we have summarized the data on the neuroprotective potential of ginkgetin. There is evidence of protection against neuronal damage caused by ischemic strokes, neurotumors, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Beneficial effects in ischemic strokes have been demonstrated in animal studies in which injection of ginkgetin before or after onset of the stoke showed protection from neuronal damage. AD protection has been the most studied to date. Possible mechanisms include inhibition of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of β-secretase, inhibition of Aβ fibril formation, amelioration of inflammation, and antimicrobial activity. Ginkgetin has also shown positive effects on the relief of PD symptoms in animal studies. Most of the available data are from in vitro or in vivo animal studies, where ginkgetin showed promising results, and further clinical studies should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LC-MS I m/z i : 463 [M + H] SP + sp , 461 [M - H] SP - sp (luteolin + 1 mol glucuronic acid), 287 [M - 176 + H] SP + sp , 285 [M - 176 - H] SP - sp (luteolin). As a result, we isolated and characterized nine flavonoids, i.e. 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 I O i -sophoroside ( B 1 b ), 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 I O i -glucoside ( B 2 b ), 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 I O i -sambubioside ( B 3 b ), 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 I O i -glucuronide ( B 4 b ), 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 I O i -methylglucuronide ( B 5 b ), scutellarein 7 I O i -sophoroside ( B 6 b ), scutellarein 7 I O i -glucuronide ( B 7 b ), luteolin 7 I O i -glucuronide ( B 8 b ), and pedalitin ( B 9 b ). Moreover, flower anthocyanins were isolated from 87 I Penstemon i species and identified as 3 I O i -glucoside, 3,5-di I O i -glucoside and 3 I O i -arabinosides of pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin [[9]]. [Extracted from the article]

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L., Urticaceae) is commonly found in Asia, Africa, and Europe and has a long history of being used as food and traditional medicine. Recently, this plant is gaining attention as a highly nutritious food, where fresh leaves are dried and used as powder or in other forms. Leaves are rich in many bioactive compounds. This review aims to cover the traditional uses in food and medicine, as well as its nutritional composition, including its bioactive chemical constituents and reported food functional activities. Various bioactive chemical constituents have been isolated from stinging nettle to date, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acid, carotenoids, and fatty acids. Stinging nettle extracts and its compounds, such as rutin, kaempferol, and vitamin A, are also used for their nutritional properties and as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Future studies should focus on the proper formulation and stability testing of the functional foods containing stinging nettle and their detailed activities in clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus maxima (Burm). Merr. (family Rutaceae), commonly known as Pomelo, is an ethnomedicinally, pharmacologically, and phytochemically valued species. Various ethnomedicinal reports have revealed the use of C. maxima for cough, fever, asthma, diarrhea, ulcer, and diabetes and as a sedative. Numerous phytochemicals have been reported from C. maxima such as polyphenols, terpenoids, sterols, carotenoids, vitamins, and amino acids. The plant possesses significant bioactivities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's disease, insecticidal, anxiolytic, hepatoprotective, antimalarial, and antiobesity. Extensive research is necessary to explore the detailed mechanism of action of extracts and compounds to design effective medicines, herbal products, and functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in the plant-derived healthy foods, nutraceuticals, functional foods and food supplements is increasing in recent times as potential agents in maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of diseases. Matcha tea powder is obtained from the leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) grown under specific condition using about 90% shade. As compared to green tea, a hot water extract of tea leaves, matcha is consumed as a powder of whole leaves. Matcha powder is reported to have higher content of some bioactive components such as catechins, theanine and caffeine. In recent years, there is an increased market demand and consumption of matcha as a drink and as a component in various beverages, snacks and other food products. In this review, the available scientific information of the chemical constituents and their analysis and biological activities were critically analyzed. These results may help to understand current status of research on matcha and the gaps which help to guide future research related to evidence based product formulations. Various studies have reported the difference in bioactive compounds in matcha as compared to green tea and other tea formulations. The content and composition were mostly affected by the cultivation and processing techniques. Analysis of marketed samples in various countries have shown the variable content of the bioactive compounds. Thus, there is a need for proper standardization for maintaining the quality. Matcha as a whole, its extract and compounds have shown promising biological activities in in vitro and animal studies. However, comparatively only a few clinical studies are performed, which need future attention. There should also be more detailed studies regarding matcha-containing food products' formulation, quality control and biological activities. [Display omitted] • Matcha tea powder is obtained from the leaves of tea plant grown under specific condition. • The food market demand of matcha is increasing rapidly in recent years. • Catechins, phenolic compounds, amino acids, and caffeine are major components. • Studies have shown its antioxidant, antianxiety and anti-stress activities among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. (Syn. Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Lam.), belonging to the Rubiaceae family, is distributed in south Asian countries. It is used as a traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal and hepatic problems and as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. The main aim of this review is to collect and analyze the available scientific information on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of C. spinosa. The scientific information related to C. spinosa was collected from various resources and databases such as SciFinder, Scopus, PubMed, and other databases. C. spinosa was found to be an important crude drug of the traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda. It was found to be used by the people of India as an alternative medicine, while the fruit of this plant was found to be used in dietary regimens as well. Active phytochemicals such as catunarosides, randianin, and several other saponins and triterpenoids possess various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory activities. Many studies have been performed to isolate the active compounds; however, there is a need for more activity-guided isolation studies. Various in vitro studies showed promising results but there are not many studies related to mechanism of actions using animal models. Hence, future studies on C. spinosa should focus on correlating the traditional uses with active phytoconstituents and modern pharmacological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A. DC. var. triphylla (Family: Campanulaceae) is distributed in Japan, Korea, and China. It is locally known as "Saiyousyajin" in Japan and the roots are used in traditional medicine to treat chronic bronchitis and whooping cough, and also as anti-inflammatory and antitussive agents. Till now, there is no report on the chemical constituents of aerial parts. Thus, the main aim of this study was to isolate and identify major chemical constituents of aerial parts of A. triphylla var. triphylla, and to evaluate their free radical scavenging activity. The 70% methanol extract of the aerial parts was subjected to repeated column chromatography using MCI gel CHP-20P, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and silica gel columns to isolate the five phenolic components (1-5). Free radical scavenging activity of the extract and compounds was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated as luteolin (1), luteolin 4'-O-ß-glucopyranoside (2), luteolin 7-O-ß- glucopyranoside (3), luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside (4) and chlorogenic acid (5) based on their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data and comparison with literature values. All these compounds were isolated for the first time from A. triphylla var. triphylla. The extract showed weak free radical scavenging activity. Among isolated compounds, luteolin (1), luteolin 7-O-ß-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin 7-Oneohesperidoside (4) and chlorogenic acid (5) showed potent free radical scavenging activity. Results from this study suggest that the aerial parts of A. triphylla var. triphylla might be a potential plant source for the development of functional foods, however further detailed research is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The fruits of Malpighia glabra and M. emarginata (Family: Malpighiaceae) are commonly known as ‘Acerola cherry’ or ‘Barbados cherry’. Acerola fruits are well known for their high content of vitamin C, phenolic compounds, including benzoic acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. In recent years, there is a growing interest in the role of Acerola as a nutraceutical or functional food with increasing market value. Extracts and bioactive compounds isolated from Acerola are studied for their various health promoting activities and biological activities such as antioxidant, antitumor, antihyperglycemic and skin protecting/skin whitening. Scope and approach This article reviewed the scientific studies regarding the bioactive chemical constituents and the health beneficial effects of Acerola extracts and isolated compounds. These findings may help in future research concerning Acerola and Acerola based nutritional products. Key findings and conclusions Acerola fruits can be considered as good candidates for the development of novel functional foods. However, detailed in vitro , in vivo and clinical studies, particularly mechanism-based studies are needed for the development of evidence-based functional food products in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different plant parts of Ligusticopsis wallichiana (family: Apiaceae) are widely used as traditional medicines. Although many volatile constituents are already identified from the leaves of L. wallichiana, there is no detailed report on the nonvolatile constituents. In the present study, we aimed to isolate and identify the major chemical constituents from the leaves. Bhutkesoside A (1), falcarindiol (2), ferulic acid (3), cnidioside A (4), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), rutin (6), 4′-O-methylquercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), scopoletin (8), umbelliferone (9), eugenol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) and pumilaside A (11) were isolated from the 70% MeOH extract. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 4–11 are reported for the first time from L. wallichiana. Compounds 5 and 6 showed potent free radical-scavenging activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerial parts of Cissampelos pareira L. (Family: Menispermaceae), commonly known as "Batulpate" in Nepal, are used for the treatment of fever, indigestion and to stop bleeding after child birth. In this study, a biflavonoid, amentoflavone; and two kaempferol glycosides, kaempferol 3-O-β -D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol 3-O-β - D-glucuronopyranoside were isolated from 70% MeOH extract of the aerial parts. Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on the isolation of these compounds from a plant belonging to family Menispermaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow Himalayan raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Sm., Rosaceae) is a native species of the Indian subcontinent, Southern China, and the Philippines, which has been historically used as a traditional medicine and food. All of the parts of this plant have been used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory ailments, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorder, and as an anti-infective agent. The scientific evaluation revealed a richness of macronutrients, micronutrients, and minerals in the fruits, indicating its potential use as a nutraceutical. Furthermore, this plant has been found to be rich in various secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, and terpenoids. Ascorbic acid, kaempferol, gallic acid, and catechin are some of the compounds found in this plant, which have been widely discussed for their health benefits. Furthermore, various extracts and compounds obtained from R. ellipticus have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, and anti-infective activities investigated through different study models. These findings in the literature have validated some of the widespread uses of the fruits in folk medicinal systems and the consumption of this nutritious wild fruit by local communities. In conclusion, R. ellipticus holds strong potential for its development as a nutraceutical. It can also improve the nutritional status of villagers and uplift the economy if properly utilized and marketed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Syn.: Eclipta alba (L.) Hassak, Family: Asteraceae) is an important medicinal plant in the tropical and subtropical regions. It is widely used in treating various diseases of skin, liver and stomach in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and other countries. The main aim of this review was to collect and analyze the available information on traditional uses, phytoconstituents, and biological activities of E. prostrata. The scientific information was collected from the online bibliographic databases such as Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, etc. and books and proceedings. The active phytochemicals were coumestan derivatives, phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoids, triterpenoid and steroid saponins, substituted thiophenes, etc. Various extracts and isolated compounds of E. prostrata showed a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and hair growth promoting activities. Relatively a few studies have been performed to reveal the exact phytoconstituents responsible for their corresponding pharmacological activities. Future studies should focus on detailed mechanism based studies using animal models and clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ponciri Fructus is a crude drug obtained from the dried immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata (L). Raf. (Syn. Citrus trifoliata L.). This study aims to compile and analyze the ethnomedicinal uses, bioactive constituents, and pharmacological activities of Ponciri Fructus. Various online bibliographic databases namely, SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were used for collecting information on traditional uses, biological activities, and bioactive constituents. Concerning ethnomedicinal uses, Ponciri Fructus is extensively used in traditional Korean, Chinese, and Kampo medicines to mitigate allergic reactions, inflammation, edema, digestive complications, respiratory problems, spleen-related problems, liver complications, neuronal pain, hyperlipidemia, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular problems, hernia, sinusitis, and insomnia. Several studies have shown that Ponciri Fructus is a major source of diverse classes of bioactive compounds namely flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, phytosterols, and alkaloids. Several in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activity evaluations such as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimelanogenic, gastroprotective, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects have been conducted from Ponciri Fructus. However, scientific investigations focusing on bioassay-guided isolation and identification of specific bioactive constituents are limited. Therefore, an in-depth scientific investigation of Ponciri Fructus focusing on bioassay-guided isolation, mechanism based pharmacological studies, pharmacokinetic studies, and evaluation of possible toxicities is necessary in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. (Combretaceae), commonly known as "Gubeish" in Sudan, is a small shrub abundant in semi-desert areas of the Sudano-Sahelian zone. It is widely used in African traditional medicine as a tonic and for the treatment of many complications such as respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders, microbial and parasitic infections. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the reports on the traditional uses, ethnopharmacological studies, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of G. senegalensis. Scientific information on G. senegalensis was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases (e.g. like MEDLINE/PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Elsevier, SpringerLink). Other scientific information was acquired from secondary resources including books and proceedings, library catalogs, and dissertations. G. senegalensis is reported to be widely used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases in many African countries. Most of these studies are reported from Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of a total of 46 compounds belonging to major phytochemical classes namely; phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and triterpenes. Among them, galloylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoids are the most frequently reported constituents. The extracts and compounds have shown diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal activities and activities against gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. G. senegalensis is widely used in most African traditional medicine systems and used among African people for the treatment of many diseases. Although there are many reports on its biological activities, most of these studies are based on in vitro systems and only very few are based on in vivo systems. Also, some of these pharmacological data are insufficient and lack essential parameters such as proper positive and negative controls, and calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. From these studies, it is difficult to assess the future clinical potential of this plant without detailed studies in animal models or in humans. Similarly, there are not many reports on the action mechanism of the extracts and compounds. Future studies should focus to explore the therapeutic potential of G. senegalensis with advance experimental protocols and cutting-edge technologies. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract From the leaves of Aphananthe aspera (Thunb.) Planch. (Family: Cannabaceae), six flavonol glycosides, such as quercetin 3- O - β -glucopyranoside (1), kaempferol 3- O - β -glucopyranoside (2), quercetin 3- O -rutinoside (3), kaempferol 3- O -rutinoside (4), quercetin 3- O -neohesperidoside (5) and kaempferol 3- O -neohesperidoside (6) were isolated and identified. Structure elucidation of these compounds was performed on the basis of NMR spectral data. All these compounds were isolated for the first time from the genus Aphananthe. Chemotaxonomic significance and distribution of these flavonoid derivatives among the genera of Cannabaceae are explained in detail. Highlights • Chemical analysis of the leaves of Aphananthe aspera was performed. • Six flavonol glycosides were isolated. • Isolated compounds were 3- O -glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol. • All compounds were isolated for the first time from the genus Aphananthe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils are volatile hydrophobic liquids extracted from plants which are often rich in aroma. They are a mixture of secondary metabolites, often terpenoids that play an important role in plant defense system and possess strong anti-microbial activities. In recent years, there is a growing interest in essential oils and their application as preservatives in dairy products as suitable alternatives to synthetic preservatives. Various studies have reported the antibacterial activities of essential oils and their active components along with their mechanism of action. However, there has not been any extensive review on the essential oils combination with dairy products and their mechanism of action as preservatives for dairy products. The main aim of this review is to critically analyze the available scientific information regarding the combination of essential oils in dairy products and their functions. In conclusion, essential oils were found to be promising agents in dairy products for their bio-preservative, antioxidant, anti-microbial activities, and for increasing aroma. Further studies should focus on a more detailed mechanism of their action and other possible benefits. • Several essential oils display strong pharmacological potential in dairy products. • The volatile components principally act by enhancing the permeability of the membrane. • Gram-positive microorganisms are usually much susceptible than Gram-negative organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the findings of an experiment to isolate pilloin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) from Diplomorpha ganpi stems. It notes the commercial use of D. ganpi for the preparation of paper products. The researchers cited the identification of 19 other phenolic compounds aside from the newly isolated flavonoid.

Chyuri (Diploknema butyracea (Roxburgh) H. J. Lam) is widely used in Nepal for its medicinal properties and as a source of Chyuri ghee (fat) extracted from the seeds. The main purpose of the present study was the GC-MS analysis of fatty acids in seed fat of Chyuri after acidic methanolysis. Palmitic acid methyl ester (1), linoleic acid methyl ester (2), oleic acid methyl ester (3) and steric acid methyl ester (4) were identified as the main components. Ethnomedicinal use and distribution of Chyuri in Nepal is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-Amylase is an enzyme involved in the breaking down of large insoluble starch molecules into smaller soluble glucose molecules. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. (syn. Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Lam., Family: Rubiaceace) has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal problems, skin diseases, and diabetes. In this context, we studied the in vitro α-amylase inhibiting properties of methanol extracts of leaves and bark of C. spinosa. The methanol extract of bark was further fractionated into hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, and water-soluble fractions, and their α-amylase inhibitory activity was evaluated. In silico molecular docking and ADMET analysis of several compounds previously reported from the bark of C. spinosa were also performed. The in vitro α-amylase inhibition activity assay of the dichloromethane fraction of extract of bark (IC50: 77.17 ± 1.75 μg/mL) was more potent as compared to hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. The in silico molecular docking study showed that previously reported compounds from the stem bark such as balanophonin, catunaregin, β-sitosterol, and medioresinol were bounded well with the active catalytic residue of porcine pancreatic α-amylase indicating better inhibition. The ADMET analysis showed the possible drug-likeness and structure-activity relationship of selected compounds. These compounds should be studied further for their potential α-amylase inhibition in animal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushroom polysaccharides (MPs) act as a functional food and perform diverse biological activities. Significance of MPs in various health promoting products have been extensively reported by scientific community mainly on structural features, biological activities, potential uses and advances in their extraction, cultivation and biomolecular techniques which need to be reviewed for their better understanding and utilization. From the perspective of how MPs were utilized in various nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals (NPC) products as health promoting agents, this review aims to comprehensively discuss MPs phyto-pharmacology, structural features, advances and trends of utilization. Moreover, this review also highlights the challenges and future consideration for its holistic utilization in different NPC formulations. MPs were found to be effective against various disease conditions mainly through modulating cell surface receptors. Overall from the last ten years, the research on MPs has increased tremendously and countries like China ranked first. Among various biological activities, MPs are a better choice for antioxidant followed by immunomodulatory, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity and its use been increased as functional food. Various advanced techniques for MPs extraction, biomolecular characterization and artificial synthesis for NPC formulations are currently in use, however, the study on its complex structure, better culture and extraction conditions need further research. Moreover, a holistic approach needs to be adopted for mushroom utilization for the production of MPs as functional food. This review presents a comprehensive discussion on MPs research as functional compounds utilized in food and medicine and could be beneficial for various NPC formulations. • Mushroom polysaccharides as potent functional compounds have been explored. • Various biological activities and their signaling pathways have been discussed. • Antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer are most significant activities of MPs. • MPs utilized in food, medicine and cosmetics in various NPC products. • MPs applications as functional food increased subsequently from recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), a cyanobacterium, is being consumed worldwide owing to its high nutritional value and therapeutic potential. Objectives: This study aims to determine the phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, and antiglycation property of A. platensis PCC 7345 aqueous extract against glucose, fructose, and ribose-mediated glycation of hemoglobin. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant property of the extract was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and a nitric oxide scavenging assay. Protein glycation and its subsequent prevention were interpreted by observing a reduction in browning, fructosamine, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, protein carbonyl content, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation, and protein aggregation using spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry. The prevention of strand nicking/breaks in the pBR322 plasmid was analyzed using electrophoresis, and the change in integrated density was calculated using ImageJ software. Results: The extract showed very good antioxidant potential, which is evident and could be estimated from the inhibition concentration (IC50) values that were 45.97, 31.09, and 52.29 µg/mL in the DPPH, ABTS, and nitric oxide scavenging assays, respectively. A. platensis aqueous extract was found to be the most effective in preventing glucose-mediated glycation and protein aggregation, wherein 100 µg/mL of the extract could effectively cause ~50% inhibition in the formation of early and AGEs and prevented the formation of protein aggregates. The highest antiglycating potential of the extract was observed in glucose-mediated glycation, followed by fructose and ribose. The formation of four fluorescent AGEs, such as argpyrimidine, vesper lysine A, pentosidine, and crossline, was reduced. The extract could prevent 97% of DNA nicking in pBR322. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of A. platensis has a potent ability to prevent glycation and its secondary complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent respiratory tract inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. These inflammatory respiratory diseases have been a major public health concern as they are the leading causes of worldwide mortality and morbidity, resulting in heavy burden on socioeconomic growth throughout these years. Although various therapeutic agents are currently available, the clinical applications of these agents are found to be futile due to their adverse effects, and most patients remained poorly controlled with a low quality of life. These drawbacks have necessitated the development of novel, alternative therapeutic agents that can effectively improve therapeutic outcomes. Recently, nutraceuticals such as probiotics, vitamins, and phytochemicals have gained increasing attention due to their nutritional properties and therapeutic potential in modulating the pathological mechanisms underlying inflammatory respiratory diseases, which could ultimately result in improved disease control and overall health outcomes. As such, nutraceuticals have been held in high regard as the possible alternatives to address the limitations of conventional therapeutics, where intensive research are being performed to identify novel nutraceuticals that can positively impact various inflammatory respiratory diseases. This review provides an insight into the utilization of nutraceuticals with respect to their molecular mechanisms targeting multiple signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory respiratory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by excessive fat accumulation in liver, predominantly influenced by dietary choices. This study provides an extensive quantitative literature analysis on dietary influences on NAFLD. Bibliometric data were collected through the search string TOPIC = ("NAFLD*" OR "nonalcoholic fatty liver*" OR "non-alcoholic fatty liver*") AND TOPIC = ("diet*" OR "nutrition*" OR "food*" OR "feed*"), which yielded 12,445 publications indexed within the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing VOSviewer software, term maps were generated to visually illustrate recurring phrases alongside citation data. The literature, which has seen exponential growth since the 2010s, predominantly consists of original articles, with a ratio of 4.7:1 compared to reviews. Notably, the significant contributors to this field were China and the United States. The majority of publications were found journals specialized in Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Nutrition & Dietetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, and Pharmacology & Pharmacy. Key dietary compounds/compounds classes such as resveratrol, polyphenols, curcumin, berberine, quercetin, flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), genistein, and palmitic acid were frequently mentioned and cited. Many of them were demonstrated to have some potential benefits on NAFLD, both in human and animal studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular diseases arise due to vascular endothelium dysfunction in response to several pro-inflammatory stimuli and invading pathogens. Thickening of the vessel wall, formation of atherosclerotic plaques consisting of proliferating smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes are the major consequences of impaired endothelium resulting in atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure and many others. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was found to be associated with anomalous endothelial function because of either its reduced production level by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) which synthesize this potent endogenous vasodilator from L-arginine or its enhanced breakdown due to severe oxidative stress and eNOS uncoupling. Polyphenols are a group of bioactive compounds having more than 7000 chemical entities present in different cereals, fruits and vegetables. These natural compounds possess many OH groups which are largely responsible for their strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory antithrombotic and anti-hypersensitive properties. Several flavonoid-derived polyphenols like flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavonols and anthocyanidins and non-flavonoid polyphenols like tannins, curcumins and resveratrol have attracted scientific interest for their beneficial effects in preventing endothelial dysfunction. This article will focus on in vitro as well as in vivo and clinical studies evidences of the polyphenols with eNOS modulating activity against vascular disease condition while their molecular mechanism will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-six flavonoids including flavonols, C -glycosylflavones, flavanone and anthocyanin were isolated from the leaves and stems of Rhodiola ishidae. Major flavonoids were flavonol glycosides based on herbacetin, gossypetin, kaempferol and quercetin, and identified by UV spectral survey, HR-MS, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis, NMR and/or HPLC and TLC comparisons with authentic samples. Of these flavonoids, three compounds, herbacetin 7- O -glucuronopyranoside-8- O -glucopyranoside, gossypetin 3- O -(2''-malonylxylopyranoside)-8- O -glucopyranoside and naringenin 7- O -sophoroside, were reported in nature for the first time. Flavonoid characters of R. ishidae were chemotaxonomically discussed. [Display omitted] • Twenty-six flavonoids were isolated from Rhodiola ishidae for the first time. • Among these flavonoids, three compounds were found in nature for the first time. • Many flavonoids were glycosides based on herbacetin, gossypetin, kaempferol and quercetin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the synthesis of antioxidants from Nepalese crude drug and leaves of aconogonon molle.

Plant-derived compounds, specifically antioxidants, have played an important role in scavenging the free radicals present under diseased conditions. The persistent generation of free radicals in the body leads to inflammation and can result in even more severe diseases such as cancer. Notably, the antioxidant potential of various plant-derived compounds prevents and deregulates the formation of radicals by initiating their decomposition. There is a vast literature demonstrating antioxidant compounds' anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer potential. This review describes the molecular mechanism of various flavonoids, such as quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate, against different cancers. Additionally, the pharmaceutical application of these flavonoids against different cancers using nanotechnologies such as polymeric, lipid-based nanoparticles (solid–lipid and liquid–lipid), liposomes, and metallic nanocarriers is addressed. Finally, combination therapies in which these flavonoids are employed along with other anti-cancer agents are described, indicating the effective therapies for the management of various malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genus Iris comprises numerous and diverse phytoconstituents displaying marked biological activities. The rhizomes, and aerial parts of Iris pseudacorus L. cultivars from Egypt and Japan were subjected to comparative metabolic profiling using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH assay. In vitro enzyme inhibition potential against α-glucosidase, tyrosinase and lipase was evaluated. In silico molecular docking was conducted on the active sites of human α-glucosidase and human pancreatic lipase. Forty-three compounds were tentatively identified including flavonoids, isoflavonoids, phenolics and xanthones. I. pseudacorus rhizomes extracts (IPR-J and IPR-E) exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 40.89 µg/mL and 97.97 µg/mL, respectively (Trolox IC50 value was 14.59 µg/mL). Moreover, IPR-J and IPR-E exhibited promising α-glucosidase inhibitory activity displaying IC50 values of 18.52 µg/mL, 57.89 µg/mL, respectively being more potent as compared to acarbose with IC50 value of 362.088 µg/mL. All extracts exerted significant lipase inhibitory activity exhibiting IC50 values of 2.35, 4.81, 2.22 and 0.42 µg/mL, respectively compared to cetilistat with IC50 value of 7.47 µg/mL. However, no tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed for all I. pseudacorus extracts up to 500 µg/mL. In silico molecular modelling revealed that quercetin, galloyl glucose, and irilin D exhibited the highest fitting scores within the active sites of human α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. ADMET prediction (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) showed that most of the phytoconstituents exhibited promising pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics and tolerable toxicity properties. According to our findings, I. pseudacorus might be considered as a valuable source for designing novel phytopharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apoptosis is the elimination of functionally non-essential, neoplastic, and infected cells via the mitochondrial pathway or death receptor pathway. The process of apoptosis is highly regulated through membrane channels and apoptogenic proteins. Apoptosis maintains cellular balance within the human body through cell cycle progression. Loss of apoptosis control prolongs cancer cell survival and allows the accumulation of mutations that can promote angiogenesis, promote cell proliferation, disrupt differentiation, and increase invasiveness during tumor progression. The apoptotic pathway has been extensively studied as a potential drug target in cancer treatment. However, the off-target activities of drugs and negative implications have been a matter of concern over the years. Phytochemicals (PCs) have been studied for their efficacy in various cancer cell lines individually and synergistically. The development of nanoparticles (NPs) through green synthesis has added a new dimension to the advancement of plant-based nanomaterials for effective cancer treatment. This review provides a detailed insight into the fundamental molecular pathways of programmed cell death and highlights the role of PCs along with the existing drugs and plant-based NPs in treating cancer by targeting its programmed cell death (PCD) network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diplomorphanins A, (I), and B, (II), are isolated from the aerial parts of D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new C-methyl flavanone glucoside, farrerol 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (I), is isolated from the aerial parts of Diplomorpha canescens along with fourteen known phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutraceuticals have emerged as potential compounds to attenuate the COVID‐19 complications. Precisely, these food additives strengthen the overall COVID treatment and enhance the immunity of a person. Such compounds have been used at a large scale, in almost every household due to their better affordability and easy access. Therefore, current research is focused on developing newer advanced formulations from potential drug candidates including nutraceuticals with desirable properties viz, affordability, ease of availability, ease of administration, stability under room temperature, and potentially longer shelf‐lives. As such, various nutraceutical‐based products such as compounds could be promising agents for effectively managing COVID‐19 symptoms and complications. Most importantly, regular consumption of such nutraceuticals has been shown to boost the immune system and prevent viral infections. Nutraceuticals such as vitamins, amino acids, flavonoids like curcumin, and probiotics have been studied for their role in the prevention of COVID‐19 symptoms such as fever, pain, malaise, and dry cough. In this review, we have critically reviewed the potential of various nutraceutical‐based therapeutics for the management of COVID‐19. We searched the information relevant to our topic from search engines such as PubMed and Scopus using COVID‐19, nutraceuticals, probiotics, and vitamins as a keyword. Any scientific literature published in a language other than English was excluded. Practical applications: Nutraceuticals possess both nutritional values and medicinal properties. They can aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases, as well as promote physical health and the immune system, normalizing body functions, and improving longevity. Recently, nutraceuticals such as probiotics, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace minerals, and medicinal plants have attracted considerable attention and are widely regarded as potential alternatives to current therapeutic options for the effective management of various diseases, including COVID‐19. Regular consumption of such nutraceuticals has been shown to boost the immune system and prevent viral infections. Nutraceuticals such as vitamins, amino acids, flavonoids like curcumin, and probiotics have been studied for their beneficial effects in the prevention of COVID‐19 symptoms such as fever, pain, malaise, and dry cough. As such, various nutraceutical‐based products such as compounds could be promising agents for the effective management of COVID‐19 symptoms and complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-two flavonoids were isolated from the leaves and stems of Sedum japonicum subsp. oryzifolium (Crassulaceae). Of these compounds, five flavonoids were reported in nature for the first time, and identified as herbacetin 3-O-xyloside-8-O-glucoside, herbacetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-(2′′′-acetylxyloside), gossypetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-arabinoside, gossypetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-(2′′′-acetylxyloside) and hibiscetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-arabinoside via UV, HR-MS, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis and NMR. Other seventeen known flavonoids were identified as herbacetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-arabinoside, herbacetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-xyloside, gossypetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-xyloside, quercetin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-xylosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 7-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3,7-di-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-xylosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-xylosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside, myricetin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Some flavonol 3,8-di-O-glycosides were found in Sedum japonicum subsp. oryzifolium as major flavonoids in this survey. They were presumed to be the diagnostic flavonoids in the species. Flavonoids were reported from S. japonicum for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 are known factors for AD pathobiology. • CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach hold promises in AD management. • CRISPR/Cas9 is utilized to help correct anomalous genetic functions. • Off-target mutations may impair the functionality of edited cells. • Non-viral vectors show better efficacy and safety than viral vectors. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious, irreversible, and progressive neurodegenerative health condition manifesting as cognitive deficits and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Approximately 50 million individuals are affected by AD, and the number is rapidly increasing globally. This review explores the role of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in the management of AD and its clinical manifestations. This review aims to provide a deep insight into the recent progress in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and its use against neurodegenerative disorders, specifically AD. However, we have referred to its use against parkinsons's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and other human diseases, as is one of the most promising and emerging technologies for disease treatment. The pathophysiology of AD is known to be linked with gene mutations, that is, presenilin (PSEN) and amyloid beta precursor protein (APP). However, clinical trials focused at the genetic level could not meet the desired efficiency. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool is one of the most powerful technologies for correcting inconsistent genetic signatures and now extensively used for AD management. It has significant potential for the correction of undesired gene mutations associated with AD. This technology has allowed the development of empirical AD models, therapeutic lines, and diagnostic approaches for better understanding the nervous system, from in vitro to in vivo models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Curcumin, a wonderful spice, utilized as a condiment, a flavouring and colouring agent in different food preparations and numerous health benefits. • Owing to poor aqueous solubility of curcumin, wide-ranging first pass metabolism, rapid excretion, and subsequent low bioavailability are the limitations. • Need to search for an alternate method for successful commercialization of curcumin in a suitable dosage form. • Mechanism of curcumin for treating different disorders and its applications in clinical and preclinical use. • Numerous studies reported to improve its solubility which ultimately enhanced its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Curcumin is a polyphenol which is derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. From the last few decades, it is utilized as a condiment, a flavouring and colouring agent in different food preparations. Owing to its potential, it also possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic and neuroprotective actions and has shown preventive actions against various disorders such as cardiovascular, diabetes, brain and many more. In spite of numerous health benefits, the use of curcumin in humans for treatment of several diseases is limited owing to its poor aqueous solubility, wide-ranging first pass metabolism, rapid excretion, and subsequent low bioavailability. Various preclinical and clinical studies of curcumin have pointed out that curcumin plays a role in treatment of different disorders. However, many of the curcumin formulations do not comply much for their safety, stability and efficiency assessment. Henceforth, there is a need to search for an alternate method for successful commercialization of curcumin in a suitable dosage form. In this review we aim to summarize the mechanism of curcumin for treating different disorders and various clinical and preclinical studies conducted on curcumin polyphenol. Further, numerous studies have done in the past to improve its solubility which ultimately enhanced its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness have also been summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five flavonoid derivatives and one phenylpropanoid derivative were isolated from the 70% MeOH extract of the leaves of Phegopteris decursivepinnata (Family: Thelypteridaceae). The structures of these compounds were elucidated as kaempferol ( 1 ), kaempferol 3- O - β -glucopyranoside ( 2 ), kaempferol 3- O- neohesperidoside ( 3 ), genkwanin ( 4 ), genkwanin 4′- O-β -glucopyranoside ( 5 ) and caffeic acid methyl ester ( 6 ) on the basis of NMR spectral data and comparison with literature values. All these compounds were isolated for the first time from P. decursivepinnata and kaempferol 3- O- neohesperidoside ( 3 ), genkwanin ( 4 ) and caffeic acid methyl ester ( 6 ) are reported for the first time from family Thelypteridaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drying is one of the foremost and important steps during the processing of agricultural crops, medicinal plants and herbs to preserve their properties. The present review provides a detailed overview regarding the effect of drying techniques on the physio-chemical properties (microstructure, color, aroma composition) and bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds, carotenoids, essential oils, etc.) of plant materials. Factors affecting different drying processes and their optimization strategies have also been discussed. Furthermore, current trends in the development of drying techniques for plant materials in terms of the retention of their bioactive compounds are critically analyzed. Based on the published research articles, oven drying, and microwave drying are the preferable techniques for most plant parts; while for drying the plant extract, freeze/spray drying methods have gained higher interest. Finally, recommendations are made considering the better use of drying techniques for both plant materials and retention of their bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycopene intake from tomatoes and other food sources has multiple potential health benefits. This report aimed to evaluate the current research literature on lycopene concerning human and animal health. The electronic Web of Science Core Collection database was searched with (lycopene*) AND (health* OR illness* OR disease* OR medic* OR pharma* OR drug* OR therap*). The resulted 3972 papers were analyzed with the aid of bibliometric software. Besides the United States, the lycopene papers received global contributions, particularly from China, Italy, India, and Spain. Examples of frequently mentioned chemicals/chemical classes were carotenoid, beta carotene, alpha carotene, beta cryptoxanthin, and alpha tocopherol. Examples of frequently mentioned medical conditions were prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Published scientific articles reveal the diverse potential of lycopene in prompting human and animal health, and the knowledge on the bioactivities of this phytochemical is expected to further grow in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaloids are a type of natural compound possessing different pharmacological activities. Natural products, including alkaloids, which originate from plants, have emerged as potential protective agents against neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) and chronic inflammations. A wide array of prescription drugs are used against these conditions, however, not free of limitations of potency, side effects, and intolerability. In the context of personalized medicine, further research on alkaloids to unravel novel therapeutic approaches in reducing complications is critical. In this review, a systematic survey was executed to collect the literature on alkaloids and their health complications, from which we found that majority of alkaloids exhibit anti-inflammatory action via nuclear factor-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and neuroprotective interaction through acetylcholinesterase (AChE), COX, and β-site amyloid precursor protein activity. In silico ADMET and ProTox-II-related descriptors were calculated to predict the pharmacological properties of 280 alkaloids isolated from traditional medicinal plants towards drug development. Out of which, eight alkaloids such as tetrahydropalmatine, berberine, tetrandrine, aloperine, sinomenine, oxymatrine, harmine, and galantamine are found to be optimal within the categorical range when compared to nicotine. These alkaloids could be exploited as starting materials for novel drug synthesis or, to a lesser extent, manage inflammation and neurodegenerative-related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance has become a threat to microbial therapies nowadays. The conventional approaches possess several limitations to combat microbial infections. Therefore, to overcome such complications, novel drug delivery systems have gained pharmaceutical scientists' interest. Significant findings have validated the effectiveness of novel drug delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, metallic nanoparticles, dendrimers, and lipid-based nanoparticles against severe microbial infections and combating antimicrobial resistance. This review article comprises the specific mechanism of antibiotic resistance development in bacteria. In addition, the manuscript incorporated the advanced nanotechnological approaches with their mechanisms, including interaction with the bacterial cell wall, inhibition of biofilm formations, activation of innate and adaptive host immune response, generation of reactive oxygen species, and induction of intracellular effect to fight against antibiotic resistance. A section of this article demonstrated the findings related to the development of delivery systems. Lastly, the role of microfluidics in fighting antimicrobial resistance has been discussed. Overall, this review article is an amalgamation of various strategies to study the role of novel approaches and their mechanism to fight against the resistance developed to the antimicrobial therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to increasing natural surfactant demand and environmental concerns, natural plant-based surfactants have been replacing synthetic ones. Saponins belong to a class of plant metabolites with surfactant properties that are widely distributed in nature. They are eco-friendly because of their natural origin and biodegradable. To date, many plant-based saponins have been investigated for their surface activity. An overview of saponins with a particular focus on their surface-active properties is presented in this article. For this purpose, works published in the past few decades, which report better surfactant relevant properties of saponins than synthetic ones, were extensively studied. The investigations on the potential surfactant application of saponins are also documented. Moreover, some biological activities of saponins such as antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic activity, adjuvant potentials, anticancer activity, and others are reported. Plants rich in saponins are widely distributed in nature, offering great potential for the replacement of toxic synthetic surfactants in a variety of modern commercial products and these saponins exhibit excellent surface and biological activities. New opportunities and challenges associated with the development of saponin-based commercial formulations in the future are also discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• α-glucosidase is carbohydrate digestive enzyme, present in the brush boarder of small intestine. • B. lycium and F. cretica extracts against α-glucosidase followed by molecular docking. • Phytic acid and sindamine showed remarkable interaction with α-glucosidase active site residues. • Quercetin and Palmatine-CHCl 3 showed comparable docking score with the standard acarbose. • Extracts of B. lycium and F. cretica showed significant α-glucosidase inhibition. α-glucosidase is a primary carbohydrate digestive enzyme, present in the brush border of the small intestine that acts on the 1–4 associated α-glucose residues and could play an effective role in overall glycemic control. Berberis lycium and Fagonia cretica extracts are traditionally being used as antidiabetic. In the present study, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of B. lycium and F. cretica were tested against α-glucosidase. Furthermore, the isolated phytochemicals of these plants were screened computationally for the evaluation of active compounds. An in vitro assay, the Ethanol and methanol-based extracts of B. lycium and F. cretica for α-glucosidase inhibitory potential at a concentration range of 7.81–1000 µg/ml was used. The α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of extracts was compared based on their resulting IC 50 values. The result showed that the extracts showed potent inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase. Methanolic extract of B. lycium with an IC 50 value of 34.99 µg/ml was the most potentextract. The rest of the extracts showed moderate inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value in the range of 48.17 µg/ml, to 66.53 µg/ml. The reported compounds were docked against α-glucosidase along with standard inhibitor (acarbose) to check the inhibitory potential of these compounds using computational tools. Among the 38 phytochemicals, phytic acid and sindamine showed remarkable interaction with α-glucosidase active site residues with docking score -20.0204 and -18.2239 respectively, while quercetin and palmatine-CHCl 3 showed comparable docking score -14.7862 and -14.1882 respectively with the standard acarbose having docking score -15.5940 against α-glucosidase. We further validate our results in vitro by using. We concluded from the results that phytochemical extracted from medicinal plants show good potency and however in future in vivo studies are needed to cure diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five flavonols, four flavones and one C -glycosylflavone were isolated from the leaves of Cathcartia villosa which is growing in the Himalayan Mountains. They were characterized as quercetin 3- O -vicianoside (1), quercetin 7,4′-di- O -glucoside (3), quercetin 3- O -rutinoside (4), quercetin 3- O -glucoside (5), quercetin 3- O -arabinosylarabinosylglucoside (6) (flavonols), luteolin (7), luteolin 7- O -glucoside (8), apigenin (9), chrysoeriol (10) (flavones), and vicenin-2 (11) (C -glycosylflavone) by UV, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis, NMR and/or HPLC and TLC comparisons with authentic samples. On the other hand, two flavonols 1 and kaempferol 3- O -vicianoside (2) were isolated and identified from the flowers of the species. Flavonoids were reported from the genus Cathcartia in this survey for the first time. Their chemical characters were chemotaxonomically compared with those of related Papaveraceous genera, Meconopsis and Papaver. [Display omitted] • Flavonoids of the Himalayan Cathcartia villosa leaves and flowers were surveyed. • Five flavonols, four flavones one C -glycosylflavone, and two flavonols were isolated from the leaves and flowers. • Flavonoids were reported from the genus Cathcartia for the first time. • Flavonoid characters were compared with those of related genera Meconopsis and Papaver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous investigations on quercetin have revealed that it effectively treats and prevents different diseases, acting as an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-proliferative, anti-atherogenic, anticoagulative, antioxidant, antidiabetic agent, etc. This work aimed to analyze the present research literature on quercetin in the context of human and animal health. The Web of Science Core Collection electronic database was searched with (quercetin*) AND (health* OR illness* OR disease* OR medic* OR pharma* OR drug* OR therap*). The resulted 15685 papers were bibliometrically evaluated with the aid of VOSviewer software. Besides the United States, the quercetin papers received global contributions, particularly from Asian countries such as China, India, and South Korea. Examples of frequently mentioned chemicals/chemical classes were flavonoid, kaempferol, rutin, polyphenol, and catechin. Examples of frequently mentioned medical conditions were cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. There are numerous reported beneficial effects of quercetin on human and animal health, which warrants further research for corroboration, understanding mechanism of action, and practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four phenolic compounds, (2 R)-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl) lactic acid, trans -cinnamic acid (2), protocatechuic acid (3) and rutin (4), and three ecdysteroids, amarasterone A1 (5), makisterone C (6) and ponastrone A (7) were isolated and identified from the young fronds of Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. (Athyriaceae). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectral data and comparison with literature values. Compounds 1 , 2 and 5 – 7 were isolated for the first time from title plant. Their structure elucidation and chemotaxonomic significance are explained in detail. Image 1 • Four phenolic compounds and three ecdystreoids were isolated from Diplazium esculentum. • Ecdysteroids were isolated for the first time from Diplazium genus. • Chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds are explained in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apples contain substantial amounts of polyphenols, and diverse phenolics - mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been identified in their flesh and skins. This work aimed to analyze the overall landscape of the research literature published to date on apple phenolic compounds in the context of human and animal health. The Web of Science Core Collection electronic database was queried with (apple* polyphenol*) AND (health* OR illness* OR disease* OR medic* OR pharma*) to identify relevant papers covering these words and their derivatives in the titles, abstracts, and keywords. The resulted 890 papers were bibliometrically analyzed. The VOSviewer software was utilized to produce term maps that illustrate how the frequent phrases fared in terms of publication and citation data. The apple polyphenol papers received global contributions, particularly from China, Italy, the United States, Spain, and Germany. Examples of frequently mentioned chemicals/chemical classes are quercetin, anthocyanin, catechin, epicatechin, and flavonol, while examples of frequently mentioned medical conditions are cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and obesity. The potential health benefits of apple polyphenols on humans and animals are diverse and warrant further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we had developed Naringenin‐loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) and investigated the anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activities of Naringenin‐LCNs against human airway epithelium‐derived basal cells (BCi‐NS1.1) and human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549) cell lines, respectively. The anti‐inflammatory potential of Naringenin‐LCNs evaluated by qPCR revealed a decreased expression of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α in lipopolysaccharide‐induced BCi‐NS1.1 cells. The activity of LCNs was comparable to the positive control drug Fluticasone propionate (10 nM). The anticancer activity was studied by evaluating the antiproliferative (MTT and trypan blue assays), antimigratory (scratch wound healing assay, modified Boyden chamber assay, and immunoblot), and anticolony formation activity in A549 cells. Naringenin LCNs showed promising antiproliferative, antimigratory, and anticolony formation activities in A549 cells, in vitro. Therefore, based on our observations and results, we conclude that Naringenin‐LCNs may be employed as a potential therapy‐based intervention to ameliorate airway inflammation and to inhibit the progression of lung cancer. Practical applications: Naringenin was encapsulated into liquid crystalline nanoparticles, thus, attributing to their sustained‐release nature. In addition, Naringenin‐loaded LCNs efficiently reduced the levels of pro‐inflammatory markers, namely, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐8. In addition, the Naringenin‐loaded LCNs also possess potent anticancer activity, when tested in the A549 cell line, as revealed by the inhibition of proliferation and migration of cells. They also attenuated colony formation and induced apoptosis in the A549 cells. The findings from our study could form the basis for future research that may be translated into an in vivo model to validate the possible therapeutic alternative for lung cancer using Naringenin‐loaded LCNs. In addition, the applications of Naringenin‐loaded LCNs as an intervention would be of great interest to biological, formulation and respiratory scientists and clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated for the first time citation-impacts of human research reporting guidelines in comparison to their animal version counterparts. Re-examined and extended also were previous findings indicating that a research reporting guideline would be cited more for its versions published in journals with higher Impact Factors, compared to its duplicate versions published in journals with lower Impact Factors. The two top-ranked reporting guidelines listed in the Equator Network website (http://www.equator-network.org/) were CONSORT 2010, for parallel-group randomized trials; and STROBE, for observational studies. These two guidelines had animal study versions, REFLECT and STROBE-Vet, respectively. Together with ARRIVE, these five guidelines were subsequently searched in the Web of Science Core Collection online database to record their journal metrics and citation data. Results found that association between citation rates and journal Impact Factors existed for CONSORT guideline set for human studies, but not for STROBE or their counterparts set for animal studies. If Impact Factor was expressed in terms of journal rank percentile, no association was found except for CONSORT. Guidelines for human studies were much more cited than animal research guidelines, with the CONSORT 2010 and STROBE guidelines being cited 27.1 and 241.0 times more frequently than their animal version counterparts, respectively. In conclusion, while the journal Impact Factor is of importance, other important publishing features also strongly affect scientific manuscript visibility, represented by citation rate. More effort should be invested to improve the visibility of animal research guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic, local as well as a systemic, inflammatory skin condition. Psoriasis influences the quality of life up to 3.8% of the population and occurs often between 15 and 30 years of age. Specific causes are linked to psoriasis, including the interleukin IL‐23/IL‐17 Axis, human antigen leucocyte (HLA), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Secukinumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds and neutralizes IL‐17A required in the treatment of Psoriasis. The signaling pathways of Wnt govern multiple functions of cell‐like fate specification, proliferation, polarity, migration, differentiation with their signaling controlled rigorously, given that dysregulation caused by various stimuli, can lead to alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and human inflammatory disease. Current data has supported non‐canonical Wnt signaling pathways in psoriasis development, particularly Wnt5a activated signaling cascades. These interconnected factors are significant in interactions between immune cells, keratinocytes, and inflammatory factors due to a higher degree of transglutaminase 2, mediated by activation of the keratinocyte hyperproliferation of the psoriatic patient's epidermis. This study discusses the pathology of Wnt5a signaling and its involvement in the epidermal inflammatory effects of psoriasis with other related pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]