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Phyllanthus niruri L. is one of the wild species originated-medicinal plant. It is widely used for various purposes, such as immunostimulant, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-HIV, anti-lithic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-hepatitis B. One of its significant phytochemicals contents is a flavonoid. Cultivation method, harvesting time, and flavonoid extraction time were estimated to have different responses on P. niruri L. flavonoid content. Therefore, this research was carried out to investigate the effect of cultivation, harvesting time, and extraction time on total flavonoid content by colorimetric method using AlCl3 reagent and to obtain the optimum harvesting time and extraction time for the highest total flavonoid content of P. niruri L. The experiment was conducted at South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, and designed in 3 factors of completely randomized block design with four replications. The first factor was cultivation type (seeding on an organic tray, seeding on a plastic tray, direct seeding on the field with mulch, and direct seeding on the field without mulch). The second factor was harvesting time (7, 8, and 9 Weeks After Planting-WAP), and the third factor was P. niruri L. methanol extracted time (1 hour, one week, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks). The results showed that the cultivation, harvesting, and extraction time significantly affected the total flavonoid content. No significant interaction was revealed in this experiment. The highest flavonoid content was shown by direct seeding on the field with mulch, harvesting time at 8 WAP, and two weeks flavonoid extraction period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress is one of the most significant abiotic factors that limit plant growth and survival. However, drought stress treatment can increase the synthesis of plant bioactive compounds, especially in medicinal plants like Phyllanthus niruri. The research aim was to assess the effects of drought stress on the growth response, phenolics, and flavonoid content of P. niruri. P. niruri was subjected to drought stress for various field capacities (FC) (Control, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 55%). The result showed that all observed variables are significantly different, while chlorophyll content is not entirely different. Proline content increased by 85%FC but decreased by 80%FC. The highest total fresh weight and total dry weight were shown at 85%FC but were not significantly different from 80%FC to 70%FC. These findings demonstrate that P. niruri can survive by maintaining biomass weight even after exposure to 70% FC. 80%FC treatments showed higher total flavonoids, phenols, and yield than other treatments and controls. Entire flavonoid content strongly correlated with total phenol content, with a correlation value of 0.93. The chlorophyll content is also strongly associated with total flavonoid and phenol content of 0.51 and 0.68, respectively. Proline content is negatively correlated with total flavonoid and phenol content, indicating that higher exposure to drought stress is expected to reduce the accumulation of flavonoids and phenols. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that 80% FC and 70% FC treatment are expected to increase yield, total flavonoid, and phenol content. Thus, it must be optimized for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]