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Perluasan tanam padi saat ini di lahan sawah non irigasi dengan varietas unggul baru (VUB) padi gogo. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi petani terhadap karakter tanaman, karakter beras dan karakter nasi, serta mengetahui preferensi petani terhadap karakter nasi VUB padi gogo. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Tegalgiri, Kecamatan Nogosari, Kabupaten Boyolali pada bulan April–Juli 2020 dengan metode survei kepada petani yang menanam padi gogo varietas Rindang 1, Rindang 2, Inpago 10, Inpago 12 dan Ciherang. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan nilai rata-rata, teknik skoring dengan Perceptual Mapping dan nilai persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan petani memiliki persepsi yang baik terhadap karakter tanaman pada varietas Inpago 12 karena mempunyai produktivitas tertinggi (5,81 ton/ha GKG), terhadap karakter beras pada varietas Rindang 1 dan Inpago 12, terhadap karakter nasi pada varietas Rindang 2, Inpago 10 dan Ciherang. Preferensi petani terhadap karakter nasi VUB padi gogo tertinggi diperoleh pada varietas Rindang 2 (96,7 persen) karena memiliki rasa nasi yang lebih manis dan tekstur nasi pulen. Oleh karena itu untuk mengembangkan varietas padi gogo perlu memerhatikan produktivitas tanaman, warna dan ukuran beras serta rasa dan tekstur nasi.

Lahan sawah tadah hujan memiliki kesuburan dan ketersediaan air yang rendah, namun masih menjadi sumber pendapatan petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Gemolong, Kecamatan Gemolong, Kabupaten Sragen dari Oktober–Desember 2021, dengan metode survei. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial usahatani padi, sumber pendapatan dan pengeluaran rumah tangga dan mengidentifikasi kesejahteraan rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan petani dari usahatani padi sebesar Rp21.050.905,00/ha/musim. Pendapatan rumah tangga petani berasal dari usahatani padi, usahatani jagung, dan luar pertanian dengan kontribusi 41,52 persen, 18,88 persen, dan 39,60 persen. Distribusi pendapatan digunakan untuk konsumsi pangan (31,10 persen), konsumsi nonpangan (41,89 persen), biaya usahatani (22,84 persen), dan 4,16 persen pendapatan tidak dibelanjakan. Rata-rata rumah tangga petani lahan sawah tadah hujan berada dalam kondisi sejahtera, ditunjukkan dengan nilai pendapatanlebih besar dibandingkan nilai pengeluaran, pendapatan perkapita lebih tinggi dari angka garis kemiskinan dan nilai tukar pendapatan rumah tangga sebesar 1,78. Pekerjaan di luar pertanian mengurangi jumlah rumah tangga di bawah garis kemiskinan dari 9 menjadi 2 rumah tangga dan meningkatkan jumlah rumah tangga sejahtera dari 31 menjadi 38 rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani diharapkan dapat memberi pelatihan keterampilan agar petani memiliki akses terhadap kesempatan kerja di daerah pedesaan, baik di sektor pertanian maupun nonpertanian.

Kedelai domestik lebih aman dikonsumsi dibandingkan kedelai transgenik, serta memiliki kadar protein lebih tinggi dibanding kedelai impor. Pengembangan kedelai domestik masih prospektif, namun daya saing kedelai domestik terhadap kedelai impor semakin berat akibat melimpahnya kedelai impor. Kebijakan pemerintah berupa input-output diharapkan mampu melindungi kedelai domestik agar mampu berdaya saing. Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis daya saing kedelai domestik serta tingkat proteksi kebijakan pemerintah terhadap kedelai domestik di Kabupaten Grobogan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di sentra produksi kedelai, yaitu Desa Panunggalan, Kecamatan Pulokulon, Kabupaten Grobogan. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui survei terhadap 30 petani kedelai pada bulan April 2019. Data primer adalah data usahatani kedelai yang ditanam pada awal musim hujan tahun 2017/2018. Data dianalisis menggunakan Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usahatani kedelai domestik di Kabupaten Grobogan terbukti memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif dengan nilai PCR 0,88 dan DRCR 0,92. Kebijakan pemerintah terhadap output, input dan output-input pada usahatani kedelai domestik bersifat memproteksi kedelai domestik dan menguntungkan petani sehingga petani memperoleh surplus lebih tinggi. Kebijakan pemerintah berupa subsidi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya saing kedelai domestik menjadi lebih kuat. kata kunci: Daya Saing, Kedelai, PAM Analisis. ABSTRACT Domestic soybeans are safer to consume than transgenic soybeans and have higher protein content than imported soybeans. Domestic soybean development is still prospective, but domestic soybeans' competitiveness is getting more massive due to the abundance of imported soybeans. Government policy in the form of input-output is expected to protect domestic soybeans from being competitive. This research analyzes the competitiveness and level of protection of government policies on domestic soybeans in Grobogan Regency. The research was conducted in soybean production centers, which is Panunggalan Village, Pulokulon District, Grobogan Regency. The research data was obtained through a survey of 30 soybean farmers in April 2019. Primary data is data on soybean farming planted at the beginning of the 2017/2018 rainy season. Data analyzed using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results indicate that domestic soybean farming in Grobogan Regency is proven to have comparative and competitive advantages with PCR values 0.88 and DRCR 0.92. Government policy on output, input, and output-input of domestic soybean farming protects domestic soybeans and benefits farmers to get a higher surplus. Government policy in the form of subsidies is expected to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic soybeans. keywords: competitiveness, soybean, PAM analysis.

As science and technology have grown, the role and use of information technology has become important. In creation of the book activities on the campus of the Jakarta high school administration of information and computers that have been carried out each year, there are some problems with the data of the activities being carried out and the list of students who have followed the activities that have been carried out, so the certificates and schedule of the activities are ineffective and efficient. In constructing student information-support information system at the Jakarta high school for information management and computers muhammadiyah using Visual Basic (vb.net) as the language oh this program and mysql as database. The system development uses the waterfall model with the step-by-step analysis, design system, coding and testing, implementation and maintenance. The study produced a student’a educational information system that could facilitate the activity data input processstudents can be done quickly, accurately and efficiently. The built system may show student’s overall data, which consists of a list of activities, activity activity times, and activities that have been followed.

Varietas unggul baru (VUB) merupakan salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi gogo. Tujuan pengkajian untuk mengetahui : 1) keragaan pertumbuhan tanaman, 2) tingkat serangan hama, dan 3) produktivitas (VUB) padi gogo di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Kegiatan pengkajian dilaksanakan di Desa Pucung, Kecamatan Bancak, Kabupaten Semarang, pada bulan Mei – Agustus 2016. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di lahan petani dengan metode OFCOR (On Farm Client Oriented Research) seluas 6,5 ha, terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu Inpago 5 (1,6 ha), Inpago 8 (1,25 ha), Inpago 9 (1,1 ha), Inpari 19 (1,3 ha) dan lokal/Umbul (1,25 ha). Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa daya tumbuh benih VUB padi gogo 87,31–99,92%, pada umur 90 HST tanaman tertinggi pada varietas Inpago 8, sedangkan jumlah anakan tertinggi pada Inpari 19. Jenis hama yang ditemui adalah penggerek batang dan hama putih palsu pada Inpari 19 dengan tingkat serangan masing-masing 32% dan 7,4 %. Produktivitas gabah tertinggi diperoleh pada Inpago 8, yaitu 5,52 ton/ha GKG, sedangkan produktivitas varietas lainnya berkisar antara 4,63–5,31 ton/ha GKG. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi gogo di lahan sawah tadah hujan dapat mengembangkan varietas Inpago 8. kata kunci : padi gogo, produksi, sawah tadah hujan, varietas unggul baru AbstractNew superior varieties (NSV) is one of the solutions to increase the productivity of upland rice. This study aimed to know : 1) the performance of plant growth, 2) the level of pest attack, and 3) the NSV productivity of upland rice in rain-fed rice fields. The study was conducted in Pucung Village, Bancak Dubdistrict, Semarang Districk in May-August 2016. The activity was carried out on the farmer's land using the OFCOR (On Farm Client Oriented Research) method in area of 6.5 ha, divided into Inpago 5 (1.6 ha), Inpago 8 (1.25 ha), Inpago 9 (1.1 ha), Inpari 19 (1.3 ha) and local/Umbul (1.25 Ha). The results showed that the vigor percentage of NSV seeds 87,31–99,92%, at the age of 90 DAP, the highest plant height was in the Inpago 8, while the highest number of tillers was Inpari 19. The types of pests found were stem borer and fake white pests on Inpari 19 with attack rates of 32% and 7.4% respectively. The highest productivity was obtained at Inpago 8 with 5,52 tons/ha of MPD, while the productivity of other varieties ranged from 4,63 – 5,31 tons/ha of MPD. Based on these results, to improve the productivity of upland rice in rain-fed rice fields can develop Inpago 8 varieties. key words: upland rice, productivity, new superior varieties

Rice production in the karst dryland is still low, due to soil characteristics that lack nutrient availability. Meanwhile, upland rice has received less attention, and it has not been used to its full potential. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various combinations of inorganic fertilizers, poultry manure, and upland rice varieties on the production and economic value of karst dryland in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. This experiment was arranged in a factorial design, with inorganic fertilizers, poultry manure, and upland rice varieties set in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was a combination of inorganic and organic fertilizer rates: 72 N kg ha−1 + 26 P2O5 kg ha−1 + 25 K2O ha−1 + 3 t ha−1 organic, 92 N kg ha−1 + 36 P2O5 kg ha−1 + 30 K2O kg ha−1 + 2 t ha−1 organic, 112 N kg ha−1 + 46 P2O5 kg ha−1 + 35 K2O kg ha−1 + 1 t ha−1 organic. The second factor is the upland varieties of Inpago 8, Inpago 10, and Inpago 12 and lowland variety Inpari 42 Agritan GSR, as checked. Based on the study, we concluded that the combination of 92 N kg ha−1 + 36 P2O5 kg ha−1 + 30 K2O kg ha−1 + 2 t ha−1 poultry manure fertilizers with Inpago 8 resulted in an IDR profit of 23,586,000 ha−1, and it is the most recommendable fertilizer and variety combination to be developed in the karst dryland, in consideration of land fertility and sustainability.

The development of rice irrigated farming is constrained by the conversion of land agricultural to non-agricultural. Therefore, policy to develop upland rice production in dryland and rainfed lowland is increasingly being implemented. Efforts to expand the application of technological innovations as a lever of upland rice production have intensified by introducing new superior varieties of upland rice. This research aims to analyze farmers' attitudes and satisfaction levels with introducing upland rice to attributes based. The location of this research is in Tegalgiri Village, Nogosari District, Boyolali Regency. Primary data were obtained through a survey method of 35 farmers who planted the Rindang 1, Rindang 2, Inpago 10, and Inpago 12 varieties. Farmer attitudes were analyzed using the Fishbein Multi-attribute Model, while farmer satisfaction level was analyzed using the customer satisfaction index (CSI). The results are the attributes "production" and "resistance to pests and diseases" were agronomic performance which was the most essential and primary consideration for farmers in choosing varieties. Farmers have a positive attitude towards the four new superior varieties. The meaning is that farmers want to adopt and plant the new superior varieties of upland rice. Farmers' satisfaction levels are in the "satisfied" to "very satisfied" category of the four new superior varieties. Hopefully, the new superior upland rice varieties that were introduced can be a choice of varieties by farmers. Keywords: atributtes, farmer’s attitude, satisfaction level, upland rice, superior varieties

Kabupaten Kendal merupakan salah satu sentra produksi jagung di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan produktivitas provinsi. Produktivitas tersebut diperoleh petani melalui penggunaan input produksi secara efisien. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan teknologi usahatani jagung, mengetahui efisiensi dan sumber inefisiensi serta penyebaran efisiensi berdasarkan sumber-sumber inefisiensi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Wirosari, Kecamatan Patean, Kabupaten Kendal pada bulan Agustus – November 2018. Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui metode survey pada 30 petani responden. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan fungsi produksi stochastic frontier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi teknis usahatani jagung masih rendah dengan rata-rata 0,57. Rendahnya efisiensi ini disebabkan oleh umur dan pendidikan petani, serta pengalaman usahatani. Dengan bertambahnya pengalaman usahatani, umur petani semakin bertambah sehingga efisiensi semakin berkurang karena kemampuan fisik petani semakin berkurang. Disamping dua faktor tersebut, pendidikan yang tinggi justru menjadi penyebab terjadinya inefisiensi usahatani. Oleh karena itu untuk meningkatkan efisiensi usahatani perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan daya tarik di sektor pertanian, antara lain berupa fasilitasi teknologi digital hingga ke pedesaan dan program pertukaran pemuda tani. kata kunci: efisiensi, jagung, sumber inefisiensi, sector pertanian Abstract Kendal District is one of the maize production centers in Central Java Province with higher productivity than provincial productivity. These productivity is obtained by farmers by using production inputs efficiently. This study aimed to determine the performance of maize farming technology, to know the efficiency and sources of inefficiency, and to spread efficiency based on sources of inefficiency. The study was conducted in Wirosari Village, Patean Subdistrict, Kendal District in August – November 2019. Primary data was collected through survey method by interviewing 30 respondents. The data was analyzed by the stochastic frontier production function. The results showed that the technical efficiency of maize farming was still low which was 0.57. The low efficiency was caused by the age, education, and of farming experience of farmer. With the increase in farming experience, the age of farmers is increasing so that efficiency decreases because farmers' physical abilities diminish. Therefore, to improve farming efficiency, efforts need to be made to increase attractiveness in the agricultural sector, including facilitation of digital technology to the countryside and youth farmer exchange programs. k eyword s : efficiency, maize, inefficiency sources, agricultural sector

The problem of rice farming in Indonesia is the increasing extent of nutrient-poor land due to the lack of addition of organic matter and continuously inundated irrigated rice fields, causing the production of greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane gas (CH4), to increase. The study aims to determine the impact of organic fertilizers and rice varieties on rice yield, methane emissions, and the feasibility of farming in nutrient-poor rice fields. The study used a randomized block design in factorial with four replicates. The first factor is the type of organic fertilizers (compost of rice straw and goat manure), and the second factor is the variety of rice (Ciherang, Inpari 20, and Inpari 30). The results showed that the productivity of Inpari 20 (8.02 t·ha−1) was significantly higher than that of Inpari 30 (6.10 t·ha−1) and Ciherang (6.91 t·ha−1). The highest yields of Harvest Dry Grain (HDG) to Milled Dry Grain (MDG) were the Inpari 20 (88.23%), Inpari 30 (86.94%), and Ciherang (85.04%). Methane (CH4) emissions were highest in the Ciherang variety (56.4 kg h−1 season−1), followed by Inpari 30 (40.8 kg h−1 season−1), and lowest in Inpari 20 (22.3 kg h−1 season−1). Compared to Inpari 30 and Ciherang varieties, the Inpari 20 variety with rice straw compost has broad development viability in nutrient-poor paddy fields (highest R/C ratio and break-even point). More research on organic rice is needed to determine the productivity and emissions (methane, nitrite, carbon dioxide).

The effort to increase hybrid maize in Indonesia is one of the government's crucial programs. Given that multinational companies still master hybrid corn seed technology, farmers need to become independent seed producers with the introduction of technology. Despite the difficulty level of technology, capital and resources are limited. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of hybrid corn seed technology using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) approach in the demonstration plot of maize nurseries in Kendal Regency in 2018-2019. We surveyed at the end of 2019 activities to 33 farmers and 12 assisting officers. The result of this research is the level of interest suitability and technology performance of hybrid corn seeds of 82.61 percent. The average competent value of interest is 4.39, and the performance value is 3.63. Three attributes that have a high level of significance, but whose performance is not yet optimal are rouging, detasselling, and machine seed processing. In the future, evaluate the three attributes as an effort to produce quality hybrid maize seeds at the farmer level on a large scale that can be activated.

This study aimed to determine the feasibility of upland rice farming, the breakeven point of price and production, and the ratio of increasing profit of the jajar wayang to double row planting system. The study was conducted in Singosari Village, Mojosongo Sub-District, Boyolali District during rainy season in 2016/2017. The study of upland rice planting system was demonstrated on 4 ha of dry land, using Inpago 8 and Inpago 9 varieties which were planted in double row and jajar wayang system. The data were analyzed descriptively both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the analysis showed that the Inpago 9 variety grown in double row gave the highest productivity (5.5 tons/ha) compared to the Inpago 8 variety and the other cropping systems so that the profit obtained was IDR13.552.000/ha (RCR=2.99). Break even point analysis of prices and production showed that if there was a decrease in prices and production of 57.39-66.59%, the farmers did not suffer losses. Changes in the planting system from jajar wayang to double row provided a proportion of increase in profits in Inpago 8 varieties by 18.79% and in Inpago 9 varieties by 7.71%, indicating NKB value of 1.24 and 1.09. Therefore, the productivity of upland rice on dry land can be increased with double row planting system.

Rice is still the main food staple for Indonesian people, therefore rice commodity has a strategic position either on economics, environmental, social and political aspect. Lately, some rice production centre area in Central Java have experienced a scarcity in labour specially for rice seedling activity. To solve this problem labour efficiency is needed by using transplanter to cultivate rice seed. The objective of this study are to know the efficiency of labor time and to identify the perfomance of rice farming system with transplanter. This study was done in Klaten District by using survey method to 30 rice farmers. To identify efficiency of labor time with compare of time spent on farm between manually and using transplanter, whereas to identify the perfomance of rice farming system with transplanter BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) can be used. The result showed that the labour needed for seedling until cultivating manually is 32,79 of male’s hours and 23,79 of female’s hours, whereas by using it is transplanter only needed 18,67 male’s hours and none for female’s hours. If BCR with and no transplanter compared, rice farming after using transplanter has a higher (3,56) feasibility compare to none it (2,35). Therefore, to increase production and farmer’s income, as well as labour efficiency also were it is recommended to use transplanter.

Sugar cane processing into brown sugar in Rembang Regency is done by home industries, This activity has been done for 100 days in a year based on sugarcane harvest period, Research has been conducted from May to November 2019 at the production center in Karangharjo Village, Sulang - Rembang with the aim to see the performance and added value of processing sugar cane into brown sugar, Data obtained through interviews and observations were analyzed descriptively by calculating the added value using the Hayami approach, The results showed that the processing of sugar cane into brown sugar by the home industry was still feasible with an added value of Rp, 2,308 per kg or 24.00 % at a market price of Rp, 7,400, Brown Sugar Processing, including labor-intensive activities with contributions of 72.20 %, is still carried out by employers because it can be a solution when sugar cane production from the farmer is less valued by the sugar factory, The industry production is sold to soy sauce company with simple requirements and cash payment.

Farmers commonly use seed bulbs in shallot farming. Therefore it is required to conduct a demonstration plot to promote the technology of true shallot sheet (TSS). The study aims to determine the performance of the newly seedling technique and determine the perceptions and preferences of farmers towards shallot farming, in Padang Village, Tanggungharjo Sub- District, Grobogan District, in September - November 2018. The study used a demonstration plot of shallot farming using seedling and survey methods to the 30 shallots farmers. Financial analysis (BCR and MBCR) was used to determine the performance of shallot farming, while farmers' perceptions and preferences were analyzed descriptively with scoring techniques. The results showed that even though the cost of shallot farming using seedling was higher, it resulted in higher production (BCR 2.76 vs 0.25). The TSS using as planting material against bulbs was also beneficial since the MBCR value was 5.64, implying that the seedling technique was more profitable than seed bulbs using. With these significant results, farmers stated a high perception of shallot farming using seedling, indicated a high level of preference, which is 73.33 - 93.33%. Based on these results, the government should widely disseminate the TSS to shallot farmers.

Shallots are one of the horticultural products that have important economic values. The objective of this study is to analyse the performance of production and price as well as to identify the marketing system of shallot. The research used time-series data from 2009 to 2018. The data was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the harvested area and production of shallot have an increasing trend, while the productivity of shallots has a decreasing trend during the last 10 years (2009 to 2018). The price of shallots has been fluctuating from 2009 to 2018. The fluctuation of shallots price was caused by the fluctuation of production. The distribution of shallots from production centres to end consumers requires marketing services carried out by marketing agents. The shallot marketing channel involves two or more market players. The longer the marketing channel, the higher the marketing margin, and the lower the share of the price would be received by farmers (profit sharing). Conversely, the shorter the marketing channel, the lower the marketing margin and the higher the share of farmers would be. Therefore, to increase farmer share, there should be an institution that could facilitate a shorter marketing margin between farmers and consumers.

Permintaan jagung cenderung meningkat, namun harganya juga relatif berfluktuasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan harga output dan harga input terhadap penawaran jagung dan permintaan input produksi. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada bulan September – Nopember 2016 dengan metode survey terhadap 30 petani jagung di Desa Boloh, Kecamatan Toroh, Kabupaten Grobogan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data karakteristik rumah tangga, jumlah dan harga input, jumlah dan harga jagung. Data dianalisis dalam bentuk pangsa biaya menggunakan metode Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penawaran output terhadap harga sendiri bersifat elastis dengan tanda positif, sedangkan terhadap harga input bertanda negatif dan bersifat inelastis, kecuali terhadap permintaan pupuk Urea. Elastisitas permintaan input terhadap harga sendiri bertanda negatif dan inelastis kecuali terhadap permintaan pupuk Urea dan tenaga kerja bersifat elastis, sedangkan terhadap harga input lainnya besaran dan tandanya bervariasi. Luas areal tanam bersifat inelastis terhadap permintaan input produksi. Demikian pula dengan pendidikan dan pengalaman usahatani bersifat inelastis kecuali terhadap permintaan tenaga kerja bersifat elastis. Oleh karena itu untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan harga jagung, memperluas areal tanam dan meningkatkan kapabilitas sumberdaya petani.

Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditas sayuran yang mempunyai peran strategis bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Untuk meningkatkan produksi bawang merah, petani menggunakan beberapa input produksi. Perubahan harga bawang merah akan berdampak pada penawaran output dan permintaan input. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan harga output dan harga input terhadap penawaran output dan permintaan input usahatani bawang merah di Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Raji, Kecamatan Demak, Kabupaten Demak pada bulan September – Desember 2016. Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui metode survey terhadap 30 responden. Data dianalisis dalam bentuk pangsa permintaan input dengan metode Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penawaran bawang merah elastis terhadap perubahan harga bawang merah dan harga umbi benih, namun kurang elastis terhadap perubahan upah tenaga kerja, serta tidak elastis terhadap perubahan harga pupuk. Permintaan input (umbi benih, pupuk, dan tenaga kerja) bersifat elastis terhadap harga masing-masing input tersebut, dan sebagian besar bersifat inelastis terhadap harga input lainnya. Oleh karena itu untuk meningkatkan penawaran bawang merah, pemerintah seyogyanya mampu menjaga stabilisasi harga bawang merah dan mendorong menggunakan biji bawang merah (true seed shallot) sebagai alternatif untuk mengurangi pemakaian benih umbi bawang merah.KeywordsBawang merah; Perubahan harga; Penawaran output; Permintaan inputAbstractShallot is one of the vegetable crops that have a strategic role for the Indonesian economy. To increase the production of shallot, the farmers using several of input production. Changes of shallot would have an impact to output supply and input demand. This study aimed to determine the effect of changes in input and output prices to output supply and input demand of shallot farming. The study was conducted in Raji Village, Demak Subdistrict, Demak District in September - December 2016. Primary data was collected through survey method by interviewing 30 respondents. The data was analyzed in the form of input demand share by Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method. The results showed that supply of shallot is elastic to the price changes of shallot and price of seed bulbs, but less elastic to changes in labor wages and inelastic to changes in fertilizer prices. Demand for production input is elastic to the price of each input, and are largely inelastic with respect to other input prices. Therefore, to increase the shallot supply, the Government should be able to maintain the stabilization of shallot prices and encourage the use of true seed shallot as an alternative to reduce the use of shallot seeds.

Optimization of The Use of Production Inputs on Cassava Farming on Dry Land in Central Java. The cassava farming in Central Java is not the main farming developed in dry land. Utilization of dry land for cassava production requires adequate productin inputs. This research aimed to know : 1) performance the use of production inputs, 2) factors that affect the production of cassava, and 3) optimization of the use of production inputs. The research was done in three areas of cassava development, namely Wonogiri, Pati and Purworejo district on April-December 2016. Multiple regression linear was used to analysis the factors influencing production and was continued by optimization test. The result showed that planting area and Phonska fertilizer have positive effect, while SP-36 fertilizer have negative effect on cassava production. Therefore, to obtain the maximum production, the farmers reduce SP-36 fertilizer because it was not optimal and addition of Phonska fertilizer because it was less than optimal. optimization, production inputs, cassava Usahatani ubi kayu di Jawa Tengah merupakan usahatani sampingan yang dikembangkan di lahan kering. Pemanfaatan lahan kering untuk usahatani ubi kayu memerlukan input produksi yang memadai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui : 1) keragaan penggunaan input produksi, 2) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi ubi kayu, dan 3) optimasi penggunaan input produksi pada usahatani ubi kayu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tiga kabupaten yang merupakan wilayah pengembangan ubi kayu, yaitu di Kabupaten Wonogiri, Pati dan Purworejo pada bulan April-Desember 2016. Untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda, dilanjutkan dengan uji optimasi penggunaan input produksi. Hasil analisis fungsi produksi menunjukkan bahwa luas tanam dan pupuk Phonska berpengaruh positip, sedangkan pupuk SP-36 berpengaruh negatif terhadap produksi ubi kayu. Oleh karena itu untuk mendapatkan produksi yang maksimal petani perlu mengurangi jumlah pupuk SP-36 karena sudah berlebih dan menambah pupuk Phonska karena jumlahnya belum optimal. optimasi, input produksi, ubi kayu

abstThe decline of harvested area and production of soybean in Grobogan District in period 2009 – 2013 were 10.48% and 5.12% per year, respectivelly. It was alleged related to the uncompetitive price of soybean at the farm level. This research aimed 1) to reveal the use and price of production input at the farm level and 2) to analyze the inputs price to the profit of soybean farming system. The research was conducted in Pulokulon District (Tuko and Sembungharjo Villages) and Gabus District (Gabus and Tlogo Tirto Villages) with survey method to 40 respondents from March to August 2014. The collected data were input and output of farming system, i.e land area, price of fertilizers, price of pesticides, wage of labor and price of soybean. The data was analyzed using profit function. The result showing the production inputs that significantly affected the profit were the prices of fertilizers (Urea and Phonska), other costs and plantation areas; therefore, to develop soybean plants and increase the farming profits, it requires price guarantee of fertilizers and soybean and the introduction of soybean farming system technologies. ABSTRAKPenurunan luas panen dan produksi kedelai di Kabupaten Grobogan pada rentang waktu 2009 –2013 adalah 10,48% per tahun dan 5,12% per tahun. Penurunan tersebut diduga terkait dengan harga kedelai di tingkat petani yang kurang kompetitif. Penelitian bertujuan 1) mengungkapkan penggunaan dan harga input produksi di tingkat petani dan 2) menganalisis harga input produksi terhadap keuntungan usahatani kedelai. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Pulokulon (Desa Tuko dan Sembungharjo) dan Kecamatan Gabus (Desa Gabus dan Tlogo Tirto) Kabupaten Grobogan, Jawa Tengah. Pengkajian bersifat survei melibatkan 40 petani responden pada bulan Maret –Agustus 2014. Data yang dikumpulkan mencakup data input dan output usahatani, yaitu luas lahan, harga pupuk, pestisida, upah tenaga kerja, dan harga kedelai. Analisis data menggunakan fungsi keuntungan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa harga input produksi yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap keuntungan kedelai adalah harga pupuk Urea, pupuk Phonska, biaya lainnya, dan luas tanam. Dengan demikian, untuk mengembangkan tanaman kedelai danmeningkatkan keuntungan usahatani diperlukan adanya jaminan harga pupuk dan kedelai serta introduksi teknologi usahatani kedelai.Kata kunci: fungsi keuntungan, kedelai, input, output