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23 results on '"Dhariwal, Achal"'

3. Proteinuric chronic kidney disease is associated with altered red blood cell lifespan, deformability and metabolism

Author

Bissinger, Rosi, Nemkov, Travis, D'Alessandro, Angelo, Grau, Marijke, Dietz, Thomas, Bohnert, Bernhard N., Essigke, Daniel, Wörn, Matthias, Schaefer, Lina, Xiao, Mengyun, Beirne, Jonathan M., Kalo, M. Zaher, Schork, Anja, Bakchoul, Tamam, Omage, Kingsley, Kong, Lingsi, Gonzalez-Menendez, Irene, Quintanilla-Martinez, Leticia, Fehrenbacher, Birgit, Schaller, Martin, Dhariwal, Achal, Birkenfeld, Andreas L., Grahammer, Florian, Qadri, Syed M., and Artunc, Ferruh

Published
2021
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4. HAMLET, a human milk protein-lipid complex, modulates amoxicillin induced changes in an ex vivo biofilm model of the oral microbiome.

Author

Brar, Navdeep Kaur, Dhariwal, Achal, Shekhar, Sudhanshu, Junges, Roger, Hakansson, Anders P., and Petersen, Fernanda Cristina

Subjects
MICROBIAL ecology, BREAST milk, DRUG resistance in bacteria, HUMAN origins, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, CARIOGENIC agents, MILK proteins
Abstract

Challenges from infections caused by biofilms and antimicrobial resistance highlight the need for novel antimicrobials that work in conjunction with antibiotics and minimize resistance risk. In this study we investigated the composite effect of HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells), a human milk protein-lipid complex and amoxicillin on microbial ecology using an ex vivo oral biofilm model with pooled saliva samples. HAMLET was chosen due to its multi-targeted antimicrobial mechanism, together with its synergistic effect with antibiotics on single species pathogens, and low risk of resistance development. The combination of HAMLET and low concentrations of amoxicillin significantly reduced biofilm viability, while each of them alone had little or no impact. Using a whole metagenomics approach, we found that the combination promoted a remarkable shift in overall microbial composition compared to the untreated samples. A large proportion of the bacterial species in the combined treatment were Lactobacillus crispatus, a species with probiotic effects, whereas it was only detected in a minor fraction in untreated samples. Although resistome analysis indicated no major shifts in alpha-diversity, the results showed the presence of TEM beta-lactamase genes in low proportions in all treated samples but absence in untreated samples. Our study illustrates HAMLET’s capability to alter the effects of amoxicillin on the oral microbiome and potentially favor the growth of selected probiotic bacteria when in combination. The findings extend previous knowledge on the combined effects of HAMLET and antibiotics against target pathogens to include potential modulatory effects on polymicrobial biofilms of human origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Impact of antibiotics and hospitalization on the nasopharyngeal microbiome in very preterm infants

Author

Rajar, Polona, primary, Dhariwal, Achal, additional, Salvadori, Gabriela, additional, Aaroe Aamdal, Heidi, additional, Berild, Dag, additional, Dahle, Ulf Reidar, additional, Fugelseth, Drude, additional, Greisen, Gorm, additional, Lausten-Thomsen, Ulrik, additional, Saugstad, Ola Didrik, additional, Petersen, Fernanda Cristina, additional, and Haaland, Kirsti, additional

Published
2023
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11. The landscape of antibiotic resistance genes in the nasopharynx of preterm infants: Prolonged signature of hospitalization and effects by antibiotics

Author

Dhariwal, Achal, primary, Rajar, Polona, additional, Salvadori, Gabriela, additional, Åmdal, Heidi Aarø, additional, Berild, Dag, additional, Saugstad, Ola Didrik, additional, Fugelseth, Drude, additional, Greisen, Gorm, additional, Dahle, Ulf, additional, Haaland, Kirsti, additional, and Petersen, Fernanda Cristina, additional

Published
2023
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12. Differential response to prolonged amoxicillin treatment: long-term resilience of the microbiome versus long-lasting perturbations in the gut resistome

Author

Dhariwal, Achal, primary, Haugli Bråten, Lars Christian, additional, Sturød, Kjersti, additional, Salvadori, Gabriela, additional, Bargheet, Ahmed, additional, Åmdal, Heidi, additional, Junges, Roger, additional, Berild, Dag, additional, Zwart, John-Anker, additional, Storheim, Kjersti, additional, and Petersen, Fernanda Cristina, additional

Published
2022
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13. Microbial DNA extraction of high-host content and low biomass samples: Optimized protocol for nasopharynx metagenomic studies

Author

Rajar, Polona, primary, Dhariwal, Achal, additional, Salvadori, Gabriela, additional, Junges, Roger, additional, Åmdal, Heidi Aarø, additional, Berild, Dag, additional, Fugelseth, Drude, additional, Saugstad, Ola Didrik, additional, Lausten-Thomsen, Ulrik, additional, Greisen, Gorm, additional, Haaland, Kirsti, additional, and Petersen, Fernanda Cristina, additional

Published
2022
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14. Microbial DNA extraction of high-host content and low biomass samples:Optimized protocol for nasopharynx metagenomic studies

Author

Rajar, Polona, Dhariwal, Achal, Salvadori, Gabriela, Junges, Roger, Åmdal, Heidi Aarø, Berild, Dag, Fugelseth, Drude, Saugstad, Ola Didrik, Lausten-Thomsen, Ulrik, Greisen, Gorm, Haaland, Kirsti, Petersen, Fernanda Cristina, Rajar, Polona, Dhariwal, Achal, Salvadori, Gabriela, Junges, Roger, Åmdal, Heidi Aarø, Berild, Dag, Fugelseth, Drude, Saugstad, Ola Didrik, Lausten-Thomsen, Ulrik, Greisen, Gorm, Haaland, Kirsti, and Petersen, Fernanda Cristina

Abstract

Introduction: Low microbial biomass and high human DNA content in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples hinder comprehensive characterization of microbiota and resistome. We obtained samples from premature infants, a group with increased risk of developing respiratory disorders and infections, and consequently frequent exposure to antibiotics. Our aim was to devise an optimal protocol for handling nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from premature infants, focusing on host DNA depletion and microbiome and resistome characterization. Methods: Three depletion and three DNA extraction protocols were compared, using RT-PCR and whole metagenome sequencing to determine the efficiency of human DNA removal, taxonomic profiling and assignment of antibiotic resistance genes. Protocols were tested using mock communities, as well as pooled and individual patient samples. Results: The only extraction protocol to retrieve the expected DNA yield from mock community samples was based on a lytic method to improve Gram positive recovery (MasterPure™). Host DNA content in non-depleted aliquots from pooled patient samples was 99%. Only samples depleted with MolYsis™ showed satisfactory, but varied reduction in host DNA content, in both pooled and individual patient samples, allowing for microbiome and resistome characterisation (host DNA content from 15% to 98%). Other depletion protocols either retrieved too low total DNA yields, preventing further analysis, or failed to reduce host DNA content. By using Mol_MasterPure protocol on aliquots from pooled patient samples, we increased the number of bacterial reads by 7.6 to 1,725.8-fold compared to non-depleted reference samples. PCR results were indicative of achieved microbial enrichment. Individual patient samples processed with Mol_MasterPure protocol varied greatly in total DNA yield, host DNA content (from 40% to 98%), species and antibiotic resistance gene richness. Discussion: Despite high human DNA and low microbial biomass content in n

Published
2022

16. DJ-1 (Park7) affects the gut microbiome, metabolites and development of Innate Lymphoid cells (ILCs)

Author

Dhariwal, Achal

Abstract

The proper communication between gut and brain is pivotal for the maintenance of health and, dysregulation of the gut-brain axis can lead to several clinical disorders. In Parkinson’s disease (PD) 85% of all patients experienced constipation many years before showing any signs of motor phenotypes. For differential diagnosis and preventive treatment, there is an urgent need for the identification of biomarkers indicating early disease stages long before the disease phenotype manifests. DJ-1 is a chaperone protein involved in the protection against PD and genetic mutations in this protein have been shown to cause familial PD. However, how the deficiency of DJ-1 influences the risk of PD remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we provide evidence that DJ-1 is implicated in shaping the gut microbiome including; their metabolite production, inflammation and innate immune cells (ILCs) development. We revealed that deficiency of DJ-1 leads to a significant increase in two specific genera/species, namely Alistipes and Rikenella . In DJ-1 knock-out (DJ-1 -/- ) mice the production of fecal calprotectin and MCP-1 inflammatory proteins were elevated. Fecal and serum metabolic profile showed that malonate which influences the immune system was significantly more abundant in DJ-1 −/− mice. DJ-1 appeared also to be involved in ILCs development. Further, inflammatory genes related to PD were augmented in the midbrain of DJ-1 −/− mice. Our data suggest that metabolites and inflammation produced in the gut could be used as biomarkers for PD detection. Perhaps, these metabolites and inflammatory mediators could be involved in triggering inflammation resulting in PD pathology.

Published
2020

18. Overexpression of human alpha-Synuclein leads to dysregulated microbiome/metabolites with ageing in a rat model of Parkinson disease

Author

Singh, Yogesh, primary, Trautwein, Christoph, additional, Romani, Joan, additional, Salker, Madhuri S, additional, Neckel, Peter H, additional, Fraccaroli, Isabel, additional, Abeditashi, Mahkameh, additional, Woerner, Nils, additional, Admard, Jakob, additional, Dhariwal, Achal, additional, Dueholm, Morten S, additional, Schäfer, Karl-Herbert, additional, Lang, Florian, additional, Otzen, Daniel, additional, Lashuel, Hilal A, additional, Riess, Olaf, additional, and Casadei, Nicolas, additional

Published
2020
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21. DJ-1 (Park7) affects the gut microbiome, metabolites and development of Innate Lymphoid cells (ILCs)

Author

Singh, Yogesh, primary, Trautwein, Christoph, additional, Dhariwal, Achal, additional, Salker, Madhuri S, additional, Alauddin, Mohammed, additional, Zigmare, Laimdota, additional, Pelzl, Lisan, additional, Feger, Martina, additional, Matthes, Jakob, additional, Casadei, Nicolas, additional, Föller, Michael, additional, Pachauri, Vivek, additional, Park, David S, additional, Mak, Tak W, additional, Frick, Julia S, additional, Wallwiener, Diethelm, additional, Brucker, Sara Y, additional, Lang, Florian, additional, and Riess, Olaf, additional

Published
2019
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