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Naringin (NAR), a 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone-7-rhamnoglucoside, is a prominent flavanone glycoside that has demonstrated promising therapeutic potential in both preclinical studies and clinical trials. However, its limited bioavailability has hindered its clinical translation as a medicine. To advance its therapeutic application and gain insights into its pharmacokinetic behavior in the body, it is essential to investigate the biotransformation of NAR in serum or biological fluids using suitable bioanalytical methods. In this research, we aimed to develop and validate a simple, sensitive, and time-saving 96-well plate spectrofluorometric method for accurately determining NAR levels in a biological fluid. The newly devised quantification method was employed to estimate pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters after administering NAR oral doses of 100 mg/kg to rats. This method demonstrated excellent linearity within the concentration range of 10–100 ng/ml, boasting an impressive r2 value of ≥ 0.9989 for spectrofluorimetric analysis. The study results indicated that NAR exhibited an AUC 0-∞ of 73.21 ± 18.42 (ng.hr/ml) and a t 1/2 of 4.53± 1.20 hr in plasma. Overall, our research successfully established and validated a reliable spectrofluorimetric method for quantifying NAR in biological fluids. [Display omitted] • The limited bioavailability of naringin hampers its medicinal utility. • We developed and validated a spectrofluorimetric method to detect and quantify naringin in biological fluids. • This method was employed to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters of naringin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been discovered within a very small duration of time as compared to the traditional way for the development of vaccines, which raised the question about the safety and efficacy of the approved vaccines. The purpose of this study is to look at the effectiveness and safety of vaccine platforms against the incidence of COVID‐19. The literature search was performed on PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, and clinical trials.gov databases for studies published between 1 January 2020 and 19 February 2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta‐Analysis Statement guidelines were followed. Among 284 articles received by keywords, a total of 11 studies were eligible according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria (studies in special populations, e.g., pregnant women, paediatric patients, editorials, case reports, review articles, preclinical and in vitro studies) of the study. A total of 247,186 participants were considered for randomisation at baseline, among them, 129,572 (52.42%) were provided with vaccine (Intervention group) and 117,614 (47.58%) with the placebo (Control group). A pooled fold change estimation of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.12–0.31, p < 0.0001) showed significant protection against the incidence of COVID‐19 in the vaccines received group versus the placebo group. mRNA based, inactivated vaccines and non‐replicating viral vector‐based vaccines showed significantly protection against the incidence of COVID‐19 compared to placebo with pooled fold change estimation was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.06–0.10), 0.20 (95% CI: 0.14–0.29) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.28–0.46), respectively. Injection site discomfort and fatigue were the most common side effect observed in mRNA, non‐replicating viral vector, inactivated, and protein subunit‐based vaccines. All the approved vaccines were found safe and efficacious but mRNA‐based vaccines were found to be more efficacious against SARS‐CoV‐2 than other platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores I n the information security industry, people use some buzzwords to impress others. For the most part, using these buzzwords works because very few people in the room know enough about these buzzwords to ask you any challenging questions! Lately, Zero Trust has been one of those surefire buzzwords in the industry.

The article explores as employees work remotely and teams collaborate across the globe, it is important to offer easy, fast, and secure access to enterprise applications without any additional overhead to end users or their devices. Zero trust architecture allows remote users to sign into the corporate network with their corporate single sign-on (SSO) credentials without establishing a virtual private network (VPN) connection.

Objectives: The aim of the present work was to synthesize a novel series of pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidin-4(5H)-one derivatives and evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Methods: Cyclization of an ortho-amino ester of 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyrazole with various aliphatic/aromatic nitriles under different reaction conditions such as conventional and microwave assisted synthesis, provided pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidin-4(5H)-one derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against selected bacteria and fungi by agar well diffusion method. Results: All newly synthesized compounds were characterized using spectral and elemental analysis. Compounds 2e, 2f, and 2g showed significant antimicrobial activity as compared to standard drugs used. Conclusion: The newly synthesized compounds could be useful templates for the design and optimization of more active analogs as a possible antimicrobial agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]