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2,777 results on '"Di Martino P"'

1. Adherence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in dog urine after consumption of food supplemented with cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)

Author

Carvajal-Campos Amaranta, Jeusette Isabelle, Mayot Gilles, Torre Celina, André Agnès, and Di Martino Patrick

Subjects
dog, urinary tract infection, cranberry, escherichia coli, adherence, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen isolated from the urine of dogs with urinary tract infections (UTIs). While there are many studies in humans investigating the potential for the prevention of UTIs by dietary consumption of cranberry, few analogous studies have been carried out in dogs.

Published
2023
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2. Characterizing the Fragmentation of the Social Media Ecosystem

Author

Di Martino, Edoardo, Galeazzi, Alessandro, Starnini, Michele, Quattrociocchi, Walter, and Cinelli, Matteo

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

The entertainment-driven dynamics of social media platforms encourage users to engage with like-minded individuals and consume content aligned with their beliefs. These dynamics may amplify polarization by reinforcing shared perspectives and reducing exposure to diverse viewpoints. Simultaneously, users migrate from one platform to another, either forced by moderation policies, such as de-platforming, or spontaneously seeking environments more aligned with their preferences. These migrations foster the specialization and differentiation of the social media ecosystem, with platforms increasingly organized around specific user communities and shared content preferences. This shift marks an evolution from echo chambers enclosed within platforms to "echo platforms", i.e., entire platforms functioning as ideologically homogeneous niches. This study introduces an operational framework to systematically analyze these dynamics, by examining three key dimensions: platform centrality (central vs. peripheral), news consumption (reliable vs questionable), and user base composition (uniform vs diverse). To this aim, we leverage a dataset of 126M URLs posted by nearly 6M users on nine social media platforms, namely Facebook, Reddit, Twitter (now X), YouTube, BitChute, Gab, Parler, Scored, and Voat. We find a clear separation between mainstream and alt-tech platforms, with the second category being characterized by a peripheral role in the social media ecosystem, a greater prevalence of unreliable content, and a heightened ideological uniformity. These findings outline the main dimensions defining the fragmentation and polarization of the social media ecosystem.

Published
2024

3. Negative and Positive Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canadians with Developmental Disabilities: A One-Year Ontario-Based Survey

Author

Caroline Kassee, Patrick Jachyra, Vijitha Mahalingam, Ami Tint, Hsiang-Yuan Lin, Stephanie H. Ameis, Adriana Di Martino, Yona Lunsky, and Meng-Chuan Lai

Abstract

Purpose: Understanding the experiences of people with developmental disabilities during the initial period of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Individuals with developmental disabilities and their caregivers completed baseline and up to five follow-up online surveys using the CRISIS-AFAR measures, between July 2020 and September 2021. We used qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative (MANOVA) analytic methods. Results: One hundred and eighteen participants (64 caregivers on individuals 6-62 years, 54 self-reporting individuals aged 17-55 years) completed baseline survey; 46 participants (23 caregivers, 23 self-reporting adults) completed [greater than or equal to] 1 follow-up. Qualitative themes included uncertainty, and negative and positive influences on behaviours and routines, daily life and mental wellness. Those experiencing positive impacts did not stably perceive so longitudinally. Conclusions: Despite both negative and positive influences on individuals with developmental disabilities and their families, the prolonged pandemic had wide-ranging repercussions. Emergency preparedness planning should consider the disruptive effects of public health measures on routine and support for this vulnerable population.

Published
2024
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4. Mutiny! How does Kubernetes fail, and what can we do about it?

Author

Barletta, Marco, Cinque, Marcello, Di Martino, Catello, Kalbarczyk, Zbigniew T., and Iyer, Ravishankar K.

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

In this paper, we i) analyze and classify real-world failures of Kubernetes (the most popular container orchestration system), ii) develop a framework to perform a fault/error injection campaign targeting the data store preserving the cluster state, and iii) compare results of our fault/error injection experiments with real-world failures, showing that our fault/error injections can recreate many real-world failure patterns. The paper aims to address the lack of studies on systematic analyses of Kubernetes failures to date. Our results show that even a single fault/error (e.g., a bit-flip) in the data stored can propagate, causing cluster-wide failures (3% of injections), service networking issues (4%), and service under/overprovisioning (24%). Errors in the fields tracking dependencies between object caused 51% of such cluster-wide failures. We argue that controlled fault/error injection-based testing should be employed to proactively assess Kubernetes' resiliency and guide the design of failure mitigation strategies.

Published
2024
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8. The value of ACR, European, Korean, and ATA ultrasound risk stratification systems combined with RAS mutations for detecting thyroid carcinoma in cytologically indeterminate and suspicious for malignancy thyroid nodules

Author

Scappaticcio, Lorenzo, Di Martino, Nicole, Caruso, Paola, Ferrazzano, Pamela, Marino, Federica Zito, Clery, Eduardo, Cioce, Alessandro, Cozzolino, Giovanni, Maiorino, Maria Ida, Docimo, Giovanni, Trimboli, Pierpaolo, Franco, Renato, Esposito, Katherine, and Bellastella, Giuseppe

Published
2024
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17. Vision Transformers with Natural Language Semantics

Author

Kim, Young Kyung, Di Martino, J. Matías, and Sapiro, Guillermo

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Tokens or patches within Vision Transformers (ViT) lack essential semantic information, unlike their counterparts in natural language processing (NLP). Typically, ViT tokens are associated with rectangular image patches that lack specific semantic context, making interpretation difficult and failing to effectively encapsulate information. We introduce a novel transformer model, Semantic Vision Transformers (sViT), which leverages recent progress on segmentation models to design novel tokenizer strategies. sViT effectively harnesses semantic information, creating an inductive bias reminiscent of convolutional neural networks while capturing global dependencies and contextual information within images that are characteristic of transformers. Through validation using real datasets, sViT demonstrates superiority over ViT, requiring less training data while maintaining similar or superior performance. Furthermore, sViT demonstrates significant superiority in out-of-distribution generalization and robustness to natural distribution shifts, attributed to its scale invariance semantic characteristic. Notably, the use of semantic tokens significantly enhances the model's interpretability. Lastly, the proposed paradigm facilitates the introduction of new and powerful augmentation techniques at the token (or segment) level, increasing training data diversity and generalization capabilities. Just as sentences are made of words, images are formed by semantic objects; our proposed methodology leverages recent progress in object segmentation and takes an important and natural step toward interpretable and robust vision transformers., Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures

Published
2024

18. Computer Vision Analysis of Caregiver-Child Interactions in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Author

Dmitry Yu. Isaev, Maura Sabatos-DeVito, J. Matias Di Martino, Kimberly Carpenter, Rachel Aiello, Scott Compton, Naomi Davis, Lauren Franz, Connor Sullivan, Geraldine Dawson, and Guillermo Sapiro

Abstract

We report preliminary results of computer vision analysis of caregiver-child interactions during free play with children diagnosed with autism (N = 29, 41-91 months), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, N = 22, 48-100 months), or combined autism + ADHD (N = 20, 56-98 months), and neurotypical children (NT, N = 7, 55-95 months). We conducted micro-analytic analysis of 'reaching to a toy,' as a proxy for initiating or responding to a toy play bout. Dyadic analysis revealed two clusters of interaction patterns, which differed in frequency of 'reaching to a toy' and caregivers' contingent responding to the child's reach for a toy by also reaching for a toy. Children in dyads with higher caregiver responsiveness had less developed language, communication, and socialization skills. Clusters were not associated with diagnostic groups. These results hold promise for automated methods of characterizing caregiver responsiveness in dyadic interactions for assessment and outcome monitoring in clinical trials.

Published
2024
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32. Autism Caregiver Coaching in Africa (ACACIA): Protocol for a type 1-hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial

Author

Franz, Lauren, Viljoen, Marisa, Askew, Sandy, Brown, Musaddiqah, Dawson, Geraldine, Di Martino, J Matias, Sapiro, Guillermo, Sebolai, Katlego, Seris, Noleen, Shabalala, Nokuthula, Stahmer, Aubyn, Turner, Elizabeth L, and de Vries, Petrus J

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Autism, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Prevention, Behavioral and Social Science, Brain Disorders, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Pediatric, Mental Health, Quality Education, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Acacia, Autistic Disorder, Caregivers, Mentoring, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, South Africa, Infant, General Science & Technology
Abstract

BackgroundWhile early autism intervention can significantly improve outcomes, gaps in implementation exist globally. These gaps are clearest in Africa, where forty percent of the world's children will live by 2050. Task-sharing early intervention to non-specialists is a key implementation strategy, given the lack of specialists in Africa. Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBI) are a class of early autism intervention that can be delivered by caregivers. As a foundational step to address the early autism intervention gap, we adapted a non-specialist delivered caregiver coaching NDBI for the South African context, and pre-piloted this cascaded task-sharing approach in an existing system of care.ObjectivesFirst, we will test the effectiveness of the caregiver coaching NDBI compared to usual care. Second, we will describe coaching implementation factors within the Western Cape Department of Education in South Africa.MethodsThis is a type 1 effectiveness-implementation hybrid design; assessor-blinded, group randomized controlled trial. Participants include 150 autistic children (18-72 months) and their caregivers who live in Cape Town, South Africa, and those involved in intervention implementation. Early Childhood Development practitioners, employed by the Department of Education, will deliver 12, one hour, coaching sessions to the intervention group. The control group will receive usual care. Distal co-primary outcomes include the Communication Domain Standard Score (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition) and the Language and Communication Developmental Quotient (Griffiths Scales of Child Development, Third Edition). Proximal secondary outcome include caregiver strategies measured by the sum of five items from the Joint Engagement Rating Inventory. We will describe key implementation determinants.ResultsParticipant enrolment started in April 2023. Estimated primary completion date is March 2027.ConclusionThe ACACIA trial will determine whether a cascaded task-sharing intervention delivered in an educational setting leads to meaningful improvements in communication abilities of autistic children, and identify implementation barriers and facilitators.Trial registrationNCT05551728 in Clinical Trial Registry (https://clinicaltrials.gov).

Published
2024

34. The international Hip Outcome Tool 12 questionnaire (iHOT-12): an Italian language cross-cultural adaptation and validation

Author

Randelli, Filippo, Fioruzzi, Alberto, Clemente, Alice, Radaelli, Alessandra, Menon, Alessandra, Di Via, Danilo, Caria, Clemente, Mazzoleni, Manuel Giovanni, Buono, Claudio, Di Benedetto, Paolo, Paciotti, Michele, Papalia, Rocco, Fiorentino, Gennaro, Collarile, Marco, Panasci, Manlio, Carulli, Christian, Rosolani, Marco, Rocca, Federico Della, Cerulli, Simona, Potestio, Domenico, Conati, Michele, Costantini, Alberto, Bisciotti, Gian Nicola, Aprato, Alessandro, Perticarini, Loris, Santori, Nicola, Loppini, Mattia, Solarino, Giuseppe, Vicenti, Giovanni, Pavone, Vito, Di Martino, Alberto, and Rivera, Fabrizio

Published
2024
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46. Monitoring changing patterns in HER2 addiction by liquid biopsy in advanced breast cancer patients

Author

Giordani, Elena, Allegretti, Matteo, Sinibaldi, Alberto, Michelotti, Francesco, Ferretti, Gianluigi, Ricciardi, Elena, Ziccheddu, Giovanna, Valenti, Fabio, Di Martino, Simona, Ercolani, Cristiana, Giannarelli, Diana, Arpino, Grazia, Gori, Stefania, Omarini, Claudia, Zambelli, Alberto, Bria, Emilio, Paris, Ida, Buglioni, Simonetta, Giacomini, Patrizio, and Fabi, Alessandra

Published
2024
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50. A bioconvergence study on platinum-free concurrent chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of HPV-negative head and neck carcinoma

Author

Alessandra Gonnelli, Patrizia Sarogni, Noemi Giannini, Stefania Linsalata, Fabio Di Martino, Agata Zamborlin, Valentina Frusca, Maria Laura Ermini, Paola Puccini, Valerio Voliani, and Fabiola Paiar

Subjects
Radiotherapy, cisplatin, head neck carcinoma, combined therapy, gold nanoparticles, alternative biomodels, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract

Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) is characterized by high rate of recurrence, resulting in a poor survival. Standard treatments are associated with significant toxicities that impact the patient’s quality of life, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapies to improve patient outcomes. On this regard, noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as promising agents as both drug carriers and radiosensitizers. On the other hand, co-treatments based on NPs are still at the preclinical stage because of the associated metal-persistence.In this bioconvergence study, we introduce a novel strategy to exploit tumour chorioallantoic membrane models (CAMs) in radio-investigations within clinical equipment and evaluate the performance of non-persistent nanoarchitectures (NAs) in combination with radiotherapy with respect to the standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of HPV-negative HNSCCs. A comparable effect has been observed between the tested approaches, suggesting NAs as a potential platinum-free agent in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for HNSCCs. On a broader basis, our bioconvergence approach provides an advance for the translation of Pt-free radiosensitizer to the clinical practice, positively shifting the therapeutic vs. side effects equilibrium for the management of HNSCCs.

Published
2024
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