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Chemotherapy treatment-related side effects are common and increase the risk of suboptimal outcomes. Exercise interventions during cancer treatment improve self-reported physical functioning, fatigue, anxiety, and depression, but it is unclear whether these interventions improve important clinical outcomes, such as chemotherapy relative dose intensity. The National Cancer Institute funded the Exercise and Nutrition to Improve Cancer Treatment-Related Outcomes (ENICTO) Consortium to address this knowledge gap. This article describes the mechanisms hypothesized to underpin intervention effects on clinically relevant treatment outcomes, briefly outlines each projects distinct research aims, summarizes the scope and organizational structure of ENICTO, and provides an overview of the integrated common data elements used to pursue research questions collectively. In addition, the article includes a description of consortium-wide activities and broader research community opportunities for collaborative research. Findings from the ENICTO Consortium have the potential to accelerate a paradigm shift in oncology care such that patients with cancer could receive exercise and nutrition programming as the standard of care in tandem with chemotherapy to improve relative dose intensity for a curative outcome.

Background: Approximately 40% of college/university students have overweight/obesity; physical activity and sleep play a role. To address these interrelated behaviors, Canada recently released 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. This study aimed to determine (1) the percent of students with overweight/obesity meeting Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, (2) whether health behaviors differ by demographics, and (3) whether meeting guidelines is associated with BMI. Methods: University students 18–35 years (n = 459) enrolled in a randomized controlled weight management trial completed 1 week of ActiGraph measured activity, self-reported sleep duration, researcher-measured height/weight, and demographics at baseline. ANOVA and t-tests determined differences in student demographics and BMI among those meeting vs not meeting each guideline. Results: Of the analytic sample (n = 403), 341 (84.6%) met the MVPA guideline, 284 (70.5%) met the LIPA guideline, 236 (58.6%) met the sleep guideline, 62 (15.4%) met the sedentary time guideline, and 34 (8.4%) met all guidelines. Students meeting MVPA (30.8±4.3 vs 32.5±4.5, P =.008) or sleep (30.7±4.4 vs 31.6±4.3, P =.04) guidelines had significantly lower BMIs compared to those not meeting each guideline. Percent of students meeting sleep (P =.039) or all guidelines (P =.012) differed by race/ethnicity. Conclusion: Meeting MVPA/sleep guidelines is associated with lower BMI; these behaviors are important targets for future weight management programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport-related concussions (SRCs) are prevalent in high school (HS) sports, though the determinants of, and relationships between concussion symptoms in this population remain relatively unknown. We analysed SRC data captured within the HS RIO injury surveillance system during 2014/15-2018/19. We used Generalized Estimating Equations to simultaneously assess covariate predictors of symptom presentations and identify pairwise symptom associations and employed multivariable ordinal logistic regressions to determine symptom resolution time (SRT) predictors. Among the 8,969 concussions assessed, headaches (94.3%) and dizziness (73.3%) were the most prevalently reported symptoms. In 5,953 boys' concussion assessed, class year, event type and injury mechanism emerged as determinants of various concussion symptoms, while in 3,016 girls' concussions assessed, class year, event type, injury mechanism, and sport type emerged as significant symptom determinants. In both groups, difficulty concentrating, sensitivity to light, sensitivity to noise, and disorientation were symptoms with the strongest associations with other symptoms. Odds of longer SRT were higher with greater endorsement (i.e. counts) of the subset of symptoms with strongest cross-domain associations (ORadj. = 1.35; 95% CI = [1.30, 1.40]). Our findings provide valuable information for informing sideline and follow-up clinical concussion assessment algorithms in high school athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveSedentary behaviors related to television (TV) viewing are associated with adiposity; however, few investigations have focused on South Asians, an ethnicity particularly vulnerable to metabolic perturbations. This study examined the relationships between TV viewing and adiposity in a cohort of middle-aged and older South Asians.MethodData were obtained from Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study (N = 906; mean age [standard deviation] = 55 [9.4] years, 46% women). TV viewing hours per week was assessed through questionnaire and classified into tertiles for analysis. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the associations between TV viewing and measures of adiposity and body composition including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, pericardial fat volume, and visceral, subcutaneous, and inter-muscular fat area after adjusting for covariates including intentional exercise.ResultsParticipants who were women, older, with lower education levels, and living longer in the United States watched TV for longer periods of times. Duration of TV viewing was positively associated with BMI (p

This document, titled "A Quick Guide for Becoming a Better Peer Reviewer," provides tips and recommendations for individuals who have been invited to peer review an article. The authors emphasize the importance of checking the legitimacy of the journal, considering potential conflicts of interest, and evaluating the match between one's expertise and the topic of the article. They also discuss the significance, innovation, and relevance of the paper, as well as the importance of research and publication ethics. The authors provide guidance on writing the reviewer's report, including being kind, constructive, and polite, and being clear and specific in providing feedback. They caution against imposing one's own point of view and disclose recommendations to the authors. The authors conclude by highlighting the importance of mentoring and supporting the next generation of peer reviewers to improve the overall quality of peer reviews and the experience of authors and readers in physical activity research. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic have led to disruptions in daily life, such as job loss and changes in activity. The present study examines the relationship between pandemic-related life events and disuse (prolonged sitting coupled with inactivity) among adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 4084 adults in Israel (September 2020). The primary independent variables were pandemic-related life events, such as job loss. The primary dependent variable was disuse as measured by the Rapid Assessment Disuse Index (RADI). The RADI was examined continuously and dichotomously as a low RADI score (<26: yes/no). Results: Linear regression indicated that experiencing a major life event during the pandemic was associated with lower RADI scores (−1.04; 95% confidence interval, −1.48 to −0.61). Similarly, logistic regression revealed that those experiencing a major life event had 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.34) times greater odds for low RADI scores in comparison to those not experiencing an event. Conclusions: Experiencing pandemic-related major life events was linked to less sitting time and increased activity levels among Israeli adults. Future research should examine underlying mechanisms explaining this relationship to facilitate the design and implementation of targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Crucial evidence gaps regarding: (1) the joint association of physical activity and sedentary time with health outcomes and (2) the benefits of light-intensity physical activity were identified during the development of recommendations for the World Health Organization Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB). The authors present alternative ways to evidence the relationship between health outcomes and time spent in physical activity and SB and examine how this could be translated into a combined recommendation in future guidelines. Methods: We used compositional data analysis to quantify the dose–response associations between the balance of time spent in physical activity and SB with all-cause mortality. The authors applied this approach using 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey accelerometer data. Results: Different combinations of time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, light-intensity physical activity, and SB are associated with similar all-cause mortality risk level. A balance of more than 2.5 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity per hour of daily sedentary time is associated with the same magnitude of risk reduction for all-cause mortality as obtained by being physically active according to the current recommendations. Conclusion: This method could be applied to provide evidence for more flexible recommendations in the future with options to act on different behaviors depending on individuals' circumstances and capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Rapid Assessment Disuse Index (RADI) is a brief tool aimed to promptly assess primary care patients' overall physical inactivity and sedentary behavior. This study examines the relation between physical inactivity and sitting time (RADI) to cardiometabolic risk among primary care patients. Methods: Survey data and electronic medical record information were collated to explore the association between RADI scores (cumulative and sitting) to metabolic syndrome (and components) among women and men, using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among women, the cumulative RADI score was not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the RADI sitting score was related to low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and metabolic syndrome. That is, a transition to a higher RADI sitting score by 1 unit (vs remaining in the score) was related with a 1.4 and 1.3 times higher odds for having low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.87) and metabolic syndrome (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.64), respectively. Among men, no significant relations were found. Conclusions: The RADI sitting score is positively and significantly related to high-density lipoprotein and metabolic syndrome among women, yet not men. Due to the RADI's potential clinical utility, future research should attempt to examine these relations in larger, more robust samples and adjudicated outcomes using a prospective design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This study examines the relationship between various domains of sedentary behavior and subsequent cognitive function to evaluate whether different sedentary activities have specific associations with future cognitive performance. Methods Data were from 1 261 older adults participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study between 1999/2000 and 2006/2007. Total sitting time (hours/day), reading time (hours/week), and TV time (≤27/≥28 h/wk) were self-reported at baseline and 3 years later. At follow-up, cognitive function was evaluated using the Teng Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Multivariable linear regression modeling examined the independent associations of baseline sedentary behaviors and 3-year change in those behaviors with cognitive function scores at follow-up, adjusting for important covariables. Results Baseline total sitting time was positively associated with 3MS (β = 0.14 ± 0.07; p <.05) and DSST (β = 0.20 ± 0.10; p <.05) scores at follow-up, as was reading time (β = 0.09 ± 0.03; p <.05 for 3MS score and β = 0.14 ± 0.04; p < 0.01 for DSST score). Participants who increased their TV watching time over 3 years had a significantly lower 3MS score (β = −1.45 ± 0.71; p <.05) at follow-up, compared with those who maintained a low level of TV time (referent). These findings were independent of age, sex, race, education level, health status, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. Conclusion Some types of sedentary behavior may have benefits for cognitive function in older age, thus highlighting the importance of measuring different domains of sitting time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]