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Kasus prostitusi menjadi fenomena yang selalui mewarnai penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Modus operandinyapun kian berkembang, yang saat ini marak adalah prostitusi online. Meskipun prostitusi telah diatur dalam KUHP dan terkait transaksi online bisa ditemukan dalam UU ITE namun, faktanya kasus prostitusi online sulit untuk diberantas. Hal ini dikarenakan hanya mucikari yang bisa dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana, sedangkan PSK (Pekerja Seks Komersial) dan pengguna jasa prostitusi online tidak bisa dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana. Hal ini tentu perlu direkonstruksi kembali sehingga penting untuk dikaji mengenai pengaturan prostitusi online dan politik hukum pemberantasan prostitusi, khususnya terkait kriminalisasi PSK (Pekerja Seks Komersial) dan pengguna jasa prostitusi online. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa KUHP tidak mengatur pemidanaan terhadap PSK dan Pengguna jasa prostitusi online, sehingga tidak bisa dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana. Apabila dikaji peraturan di luar KUHP terkait prostitusi online, PSK dan pengguna jasa dapat dijerat dengan menggunakan UU ITE, namun aturan ini masih bersifat umum yang mengatur larangan yang melanggar kesusilaan. Pengaturan prostitusi juga dapat ditemukan dalam Peraturan Daerah (Perda), namun tidak semua daerah memiliki atau mengeluarkan Perda tentang Prostitusi, sehingga keberlakuannya terbatas pada territorial. Politik hukum yang dapat diambil adalah dengan pembaharuan hukum pidana dengan mensinergikan konsep rancangan KUHP yakni dengan mengkriminalisasi dan mengatur pemberian ancaman pidana terhadap PSK dan pengguna jasa prostitusi online agar bisa dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana (penalisasi).

Tujuan studi ini yakni guna mengidentifikasi serta mengerti latar belakang perluasan makna asas legalitas dalam RKUHP serta memahami apakah perluasan asas legalitas dalam RKUHP tidak bertentangan dengan makna dari asas legalitas itu sendiri. Riset ini memanfaatkan jenis riset hukum normatif, pendekatan statute approach, pendekatan historis, serta pendekatan sosiologis. Hasil riset memperlihatkan bahwa perubahan esensi asas legalitas yang mencakup asas legalitas materiel tersebut sebenarnya merupakan wujud dari semangat untuk mengubah KUHP warisan kolonial Belanda dengan hukuman pidana yang lebih sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip luhur bangsa Indonesia. Perluasan makna asas legalitas dalam RKUHP dapat menimbulkan benturan dan pertentangan namun, hal itu dapat diatasi dengan peran dari Pemerintah Daerah setempat dengan mengeluarkan Peraturan Daerah dengan memasukan unsur pidana adat di dalamnya, sehingga mampu untuk mengefektifkan penerapan asas legalitas materiel yang sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip yang terdapat pada UUD 1945, Pancasila, HAM, serta asas hukum umum yang diterima oleh khalayak umum. The purpose of this study is to identify and understand the background of the expansion of the meaning of the legality principle in the RKUHP and to understand whether the expansion of the legality principle in the RKUHP does not conflict with the meaning of the legality principle itself. This research utilizes the types of normative legal research, the statute approach, the historical approach, and the sociological approach. The results of the research show that the change in the essence of the principle of legality which includes the principle of material legality is actually a manifestation of the spirit to change the KUHP inherited from the Dutch colonial with criminal penalties that are more in line with the noble principles of the Indonesian nation. The expansion of the meaning of the principle of legality in the RKUHP can cause conflicts and contradictions, however, this can be overcome by the role of the local government by issuing a regional regulation that includes elements of customary law in it, so as to be able to effectively implement the principle of material legality in line with the principles laid down. contained in the 1945 Constitution, Pancasila, Human Rights, and general legal principles accepted by the general public.

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap tindak pidana penipuan jual beli melalui media elektronik dan mengkaji kebijakan hukum pidana dalam pemberantasan tindak pidana penipuan jual beli melalui media elektronik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian hukum normatif, serta digunakan sumber bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap tindak pidana penipuan jual beli melalui media elektronik diatur pada Pasal 378 KUHP dan Pasal 28 ayat (1) UU ITE. Ketika terjadi kasus tindak pidana penipuan jual beli melalui media elektronik sesuai asas lex spesialis derogate legi generalis maka digunakan Pasal 28 ayat (1) UU ITE yang merumuskan sanksi pidana seperti mana dimaktub dalam Pasal 45 ayat (2) UU ITE yakni pidana penjara paling lama 6 tahun dan denda sebesar satu milyar rupiah. Terkait dengan kebijakan pemberantasan hukum yang dilakukan terhadap tindak pidana penipuan jual beli melalui media elektronik biasanya dilaksanakan menggunakan kebijakan penal dan non penal. Kebijakan penal mengacu pada penggunaan hukum pidana, kebijakan ini dilaksanakan melalui penerapan hukum pidana di masyarakat. Adapun pemberantasan hukum yang dilakukan melalui non-penal yang bersifat preventif dan represif. Upaya preventif dilaksanakan dengan melangsungkan kegiatan-kegiatan pelatihan kepada seluruh struktur masyarakat, mengembangkan pengendalian terhadap produksi barang dan/atau jasa, memberikan himbauan dengan melalui media yang mudah dijangkau masyarakat. Adapun upaya represif yang dilakukan penindak lanjutan serta menerapkan hukuman kepada pelaku kejahatan serta upaya pembinaan oleh Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. The purpose of this study is to examine criminal liability for the crime of buying and selling fraud through electronic media and reviewing criminal law policies in eradicating criminal acts of buying and selling fraud through electronic media. The research method used is normative legal research, and primary and secondary legal sources are used. The results of the study indicate that criminal liability for fraudulent buying and selling through electronic media is regulated in Article 378 of the Criminal Code and Article 28 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law. When a criminal act of buying and selling fraud occurs through electronic media according to the principle of lex specialist derogate legi generalis, Article 28 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law is used which formulates criminal sanctions as stated in Article 45 paragraph (2) of the ITE Law, namely imprisonment for a maximum of 6 years and a fine of one billion rupiah. Related to the policy of eradicating the law that is carried out against the criminal act of buying and selling fraud through electronic media, it is usually carried out using a penal and non-penal policy. Penal policy refers to the use of criminal law, this policy is implemented through the application of criminal law in society. The eradication of the law is carried out through non-penal which is preventive and repressive. Preventive efforts are carried out by carrying out training activities for all community structures, developing controls on the production of goods and/or services, providing appeals through media that are easily accessible to the public. As for the repressive efforts carried out by further action and applying punishment to the perpetrators of crimes as well as efforts to foster by the Correctional Institution.

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu guna memberikan analisis serta kajian pemidanaan terhadap pelaku pelecehan verbal di Indonesia saat ini, dan pemidanaan terhadap pelaku pelecehan verbal di Indonesia masa mendatang. Penulisan jurnal ilmiah menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, yaitu mengkaji kekosongan norma dalam pemidanaan terhadap pelaku pelecehan verbal di Indonesia. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa pemidanaan terhadap pelaku pelecehan verbal di Indonesia belum diatur secara khusus, artinya terjadi kekosongan norma dan dalam pemidanaannya masih menggunakan peraturan-peraturan yang berkaitan, yaitu KUHP, Pasal 29-38 Undang-Undang Nomor 44 tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi jo. Pasal 27 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Mengenai pengaturan pemidanaan terhadap pelaku pelecehan verbal di masa mendatang, telah diatur ke dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual (RUU PKS), yang diharapkan mampu mengatur secara khusus baik pemidanaan maupun perlindungan terhadap korban. The purpose of this research is to provide an analysis and study of the punishment of verbal harassers in Indonesia today, and the convictions of the perpetrators of verbal abuse in Indonesia in the future. Writing scientific journals uses normative legal research methods through the approach of statutory regulations, namely examining the vacuum of norms in the punishment of verbal harassers in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the punishment of verbal harassers in Indonesia has not been specifically regulated, meaning that there is a vacuum of norms and the punishment is still using the related regulations, namely the Criminal Code, Articles 29-38 of Law Number 44 of 2008 concerning Pornography jo. Article 27 paragraph (1) of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Regarding the regulation of the punishment of verbal abuse perpetrators in the future, it has been regulated in the Draft Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence (RUU PKS), which is expected to be able to specifically regulate both conviction and protection of victims.

Diversion has become the starting point that legitimizes the settlement of criminal cases outside the judiciary in Indonesia. There are many benefits of diversion but it is very risky because it is not implemented optimally; therefore, the implementation and the constraints in the diversion application in Denpasar need to be studied and solutions to optimize the application to be sought. This research is empirical legal research. The results of the study show that the Departmental Police of Denpasar City, the Denpasar District Attorney, and the Denpasar District Court have attempted to implement diversion while remaining within the corridor of law, it shall only be implemented in respect of criminal acts of children who are punishable by imprisonment of under 7 years and not a recidivist. Obstacles encountered are the regulations regarding the ages of children based on the Law of SPPA, lack of coordination and supervision, law enforcers who have an inadequate understanding of the meaning and spirit of diversion, as well as lack of public awareness and understanding of the urgency of diversion. Optimization taken is reformulation of regulations, increased coordination, training, and socialization to law enforcers. Providing socialization and approaches to the community to increase understanding and awareness. Keywords: diversion, restorative justice, optimization . Abstrak Diversi telah menjadi awal yang meletigitimasi penyelesaian kasus pidana di luar peradilan di Indonesia. Banyak manfaat yang diberikan melalui diversi namun sangat riskan tidak dilaksanakan secara optimal, sehingga perlu dikaji terkait pelaksanaan dan kendala penerapan diversi di Denpasar serta solusi untuk mengoptimalkan penerapan diversi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa Polresta Denpasar, Kejaksaan Negeri Denpasar, dan Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar telah mengupayakan diversi dengan tetap pada koridor hukum yakni hanya dapat dilakukan terhadap tindak pidana anak yang diancam dengan pidana penjara di bawah 7 tahun dan bukan residivis. Kendala yang dialami adalah pengaturan umur anak berdasarkan UU SPPA (substansi hukum), kurangnya koordinasi dan pengawasan (struktur hukum), dan masih bisa ditemukan penegak hukum yang tidak memahami makna dan spirit diversi, serta kurangnya kesadaran dan pemahaman masyarakat akan urgensi diversi (budaya hukum). Optimalisasi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan reformulasi aturan, meningkatkan koordinasi, pelatihan, serta sosialisasi ke penegak hukum. Mengadakan sosialisasi dan pendekatan ke masyarakat untuk meningkatan pemahaman dan kesadaran penyelesaikan kasus melalui diversi. Kata Kunci: diversi, keadilan restoratif, optimalisasi.

The present study seeks to find out, examine the effectiveness of criminal sanctions in the form of imprisonment in Bali, as well as discover the basis for the application of punishment with a restorative justice approach. This study belongs to empirical legal research that is descriptive in nature and makes the Correctional Institution in Bali the object of research. The results of the study suggested that the emergence of recidivists in Bali and the still negative stigma among the Balinese community subsequent to the removal of prisoners shows that correctional goals are still unachieved and the emergence of recidivists in Bali implies that the criminal sanction in the form of imprisonment still remains ineffective. The concept of an ideal criminal system to be applied in Bali related to imprisonment is the one adopting the restorative justice approach, because in addition to minimising imprisonment, in this approach, the interests of victims are more concerned by making various efforts to resolve conflicts and by making rehabilitation. Tujuan dari studi ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis efektivitas pemenjaraan di Bali dan menemukan landasan penerapan pemidanaan dengan pendekatan keadilan restoratif. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris yang sifatnya deskriptif dan menjadikan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan di Bali sebagai objek penelitian. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa munculnya residivis di Bali dan masih adanya stigma negatif dari masyarakat Bali setelah narapidana keluar dari lapas menunjukkan bahwa tujuan pemasyarakatan belum tercapai dan sanksi penjara tidak efektif di Bali. Konsep sistem pemidanaan yang ideal untuk diterapkan di Bali terkait dengan pemenjaraan adalah konsep sistem pemidanaan dengan pendekatan restorative justice yang memperhatikan kepentingan korban dengan melakukan berbagai upaya penyelesaian konflik dan rehabilitasi, serta meminimalisasi penjatuhan pidana penjara.

Discriminatory treatments of judges have dominated the reports to the Judicial Commission. Injustice, in fact, is one of the lowest value attitudes of judges according to Judicial Commission assessment results. Indeed, showing justice is not easy for judges but to date in its development appears restorative justice that provides justice for all parties. Its future existence and response are interesting to be criticized. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to examine the paradigm of restorative justice in making legal decisions of judges on legal cases and the construction of the judges’ decisions which are paradigmatic in Restorative Justice. This research uses normative legal research with four types of approaches, which are case approach, legislative approach, conceptual approach, historical approach, and comparative approach. The results of the study show the restorative justice paradigm prioritizing restoration or amelioration will seek to provide justice, certainty and usefulness of the law, as well as realize progressive and responsive laws, and this makes it appropriate to be used as a judge’s paradigm in deciding a case. In constructing restorative justice-based judges’ decisions, judges do only make decisions based on the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), but substantially, through the restorative justice paradigm the judges will consider justice for all parties (victims, perpetrators of crime, and the public). Judges do not make decisions based on retributive or retaliation goals but hold on to the values, concepts, principles, and basics of restorative justice prioritizing restoration or amelioration of the parties, meeting the needs of the parties, and prioritizing expediency. Discriminatory treatments of judges have dominated the reports to the Judicial Commission. Injustice, in fact, is one of the lowest value attitudes of judges according to Judicial Commission assessment results. Indeed, showing justice is not easy for judges but to date in its development appears restorative justice that provides justice for all parties. Its future existence and response are interesting to be criticized. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to examine the paradigm of restorative justice in making legal decisions of judges on legal cases and the construction of the judges’ decisions which are paradigmatic in Restorative Justice. This research uses normative legal research with four types of approaches, which are case approach, legislative approach, conceptual approach, historical approach, and comparative approach. The results of the study show the restorative justice paradigm prioritizing restoration or amelioration will seek to provide justice, certainty and usefulness of the law, as well as realize progressive and responsive laws, and this makes it appropriate to be used as a judge’s paradigm in deciding a case. In constructing restorative justice-based judges’ decisions, judges do only make decisions based on the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), but substantially, through the restorative justice paradigm the judges will consider justice for all parties (victims, perpetrators of crime, and the public). Judges do not make decisions based on retributive or retaliation goals but hold on to the values, concepts, principles, and basics of restorative justice prioritizing restoration or amelioration of the parties, meeting the needs of the parties, and prioritizing expediency.

Nusa Penida sebagai daerah pengembangan wisata bahari mempunyai ancaman tersendiri terkait dengan tindak pidana perikanan yang sering terjadi beberapa waktu terahir. Persoalan mendasar yang perlu dipecahkan guna mendukung konsep pariwisata berkelanjutan yaitu faktor apa yang menyebabkan terjadinya tindak pidana perikanan dan bagaimana upaya penanggulangannya. Hal ini ditujukan untuk menemukan substansi persoalan baik menyangkut masalah hukum dan non hukum serta strategi yang tepat dan efektif dalam upaya penanggulangannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif-empiris dengan basis data primer sepanjang data yang diperoleh secara langsung di lapangan melalui wawancara serta basis data sekunder sepanjang data yang diperoleh memalui studi pustaka yang diidentifikasi dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach), konseptual(conceptual approach) dan kasus (case approach) data yang diperoleh dipilah, diseleksi,disistematisasi yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan padakonsistensi logika. Hasil analisis disajikan secara deskriptif sehingga terciptakajian yang komperhensip serta holistik. Tindak pidana perikanan yang terjadi di Nusa Penida dalam beberapatahun terakhir disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Sacara umum dapatdiklasifikasikan menjadi faktor intern yang ditujukan kepada diri pelaku itusendiri, faktor ekstern mewakili hal-hal di luar diri pelaku, faktor hukum yaituberkaitan dengan penegakan hukum yang mengedepakan pendekatan persuasifsehingga tidak menimbulkan efek jera dan terakhir adalah faktor non hukumberkaitan dengan keterbatasan anggaran untuk operasional pengawasan. Terhadap persoalan yang ada, upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan yaitu berupapendekatan represif dengan memaksimalkan penegakan hukum pidana sertapendekatan preventif yangmengutamakan pada pencegahan denganmengoptimalkan peran serta masyarakat dalam sistem pengawasan. Kata Kunci: 1. Kriminologi, 2. Tindak Pidana, 3. Perikanan ABSTRACT Nusa Penida as a marine tourism development area has its own threats related to fishery criminal act which often happens lately. The fundamental issues that need to be solved to support the concept of sustainable tourism which are, what factor that cause the occurrence of fishery criminal act and how to overcome it. It is intended to find the substance of the problem both concerning legal and non-legal issues and appropriate and effective strategy in order to overcome it. This is normative-empirical legal research with the primary database as long as the data obtained directly in the field through interviews and secondary databases throughout the data obtained through literature studies identified from primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. With statutory approach, conceptual approach and case approach the data obtained are sorted, selected, then systematized and then analyzed qualitatively based on logical consistency. The results of the analysis are presented descriptively so as to create a comprehensive and holistic. The fishery criminal act that happened in Nusa Penida in several years caused by several factors. Generally, it can be classified become an internal factor which is directed to the perpetrator itself, the external factor is representing things beyond the perpetrator, the legal factor is related to the legal enforcer which put forward a persuasive approach so it does not cause a deterrent effect and the last is a non legal factor related to budgetary constraints for the supervision operational. To the existing problems, the conducted countermeasures are, repressive approach by maximizing criminal law enforcement and preventive approach that prioritized prevention with optimizing society participation in the monitoring system. Keywords: Criminology, Criminal Act, Fishery