Search

Your search keyword '"Diamond, Miriam"' showing total 1,560 results
Start Over Author "Diamond, Miriam"
1,560 results on '"Diamond, Miriam"'

3. Addressing systemic problems with exposure assessments to protect the public’s health

Author

Vandenberg, Laura N, Rayasam, Swati DG, Axelrad, Daniel A, Bennett, Deborah H, Brown, Phil, Carignan, Courtney C, Chartres, Nicholas, Diamond, Miriam L, Joglekar, Rashmi, Shamasunder, Bhavna, Shrader-Frechette, Kristin, Subra, Wilma A, Zarker, Ken, and Woodruff, Tracey J

Subjects
Public Health, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Generic health relevance, Humans, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Public Policy, Uncertainty, Risk Assessment, Biomonitoring, Superfund, Toxic substances control act, Physiologically based toxicokinetic model, US Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health and Health Services, Toxicology, Epidemiology, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundUnderstanding, characterizing, and quantifying human exposures to environmental chemicals is critical to protect public health. Exposure assessments are key to determining risks to the general population and for specific subpopulations given that exposures differ between groups. Exposure data are also important for understanding where interventions, including public policies, should be targeted and the extent to which interventions have been successful. In this review, we aim to show how inadequacies in exposure assessments conducted by polluting industries or regulatory agencies have led to downplaying or disregarding exposure concerns raised by communities; that underestimates of exposure can lead regulatory agencies to conclude that unacceptable risks are, instead, acceptable, allowing pollutants to go unregulated; and that researchers, risk assessors, and policy makers need to better understand the issues that have affected exposure assessments and how appropriate use of exposure data can contribute to health-protective decisions.MethodsWe describe current approaches used by regulatory agencies to estimate human exposures to environmental chemicals, including approaches to address limitations in exposure data. We then illustrate how some exposure assessments have been used to reach flawed conclusions about environmental chemicals and make recommendations for improvements.ResultsExposure data are important for communities, public health advocates, scientists, policy makers, and other groups to understand the extent of environmental exposures in diverse populations. We identify four areas where exposure assessments need to be improved due to systemic sources of error or uncertainty in exposure assessments and illustrate these areas with examples. These include: (1) an inability of regulatory agencies to keep pace with the increasing number of chemicals registered for use or assess their exposures, as well as complications added by use of 'confidential business information' which reduce available exposure data; (2) the failure to keep assessments up-to-date; (3) how inadequate assumptions about human behaviors and co-exposures contribute to underestimates of exposure; and (4) that insufficient models of toxicokinetics similarly affect exposure estimates.ConclusionWe identified key issues that impact capacity to conduct scientifically robust exposure assessments. These issues must be addressed with scientific or policy approaches to improve estimates of exposure and protect public health.

Published
2023

4. A science-based agenda for health-protective chemical assessments and decisions: overview and consensus statement

Author

Woodruff, Tracey J, Rayasam, Swati DG, Axelrad, Daniel A, Koman, Patricia D, Chartres, Nicholas, Bennett, Deborah H, Birnbaum, Linda S, Brown, Phil, Carignan, Courtney C, Cooper, Courtney, Cranor, Carl F, Diamond, Miriam L, Franjevic, Shari, Gartner, Eve C, Hattis, Dale, Hauser, Russ, Heiger-Bernays, Wendy, Joglekar, Rashmi, Lam, Juleen, Levy, Jonathan I, MacRoy, Patrick M, Maffini, Maricel V, Marquez, Emily C, Morello-Frosch, Rachel, Nachman, Keeve E, Nielsen, Greylin H, Oksas, Catherine, Abrahamsson, Dimitri Panagopoulos, Patisaul, Heather B, Patton, Sharyle, Robinson, Joshua F, Rodgers, Kathryn M, Rossi, Mark S, Rudel, Ruthann A, Sass, Jennifer B, Sathyanarayana, Sheela, Schettler, Ted, Shaffer, Rachel M, Shamasunder, Bhavna, Shepard, Peggy M, Shrader-Frechette, Kristin, Solomon, Gina M, Subra, Wilma A, Vandenberg, Laura N, Varshavsky, Julia R, White, Roberta F, Zarker, Ken, and Zeise, Lauren

Subjects
Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Patient Safety, Prevention, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Generic health relevance, Life on Land, Humans, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Health, Environmental Pollutants, Risk Assessment, Consensus Development Conferences as Topic, Chemicals, Conflicts of Interest, Environmental Justice, EPA, Hazard Identification, Health Equity, TSCA, Public Health and Health Services, Toxicology, Public health
Abstract

The manufacture and production of industrial chemicals continues to increase, with hundreds of thousands of chemicals and chemical mixtures used worldwide, leading to widespread population exposures and resultant health impacts. Low-wealth communities and communities of color often bear disproportionate burdens of exposure and impact; all compounded by regulatory delays to the detriment of public health. Multiple authoritative bodies and scientific consensus groups have called for actions to prevent harmful exposures via improved policy approaches. We worked across multiple disciplines to develop consensus recommendations for health-protective, scientific approaches to reduce harmful chemical exposures, which can be applied to current US policies governing industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants. This consensus identifies five principles and scientific recommendations for improving how agencies like the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approach and conduct hazard and risk assessment and risk management analyses: (1) the financial burden of data generation for any given chemical on (or to be introduced to) the market should be on the chemical producers that benefit from their production and use; (2) lack of data does not equate to lack of hazard, exposure, or risk; (3) populations at greater risk, including those that are more susceptible or more highly exposed, must be better identified and protected to account for their real-world risks; (4) hazard and risk assessments should not assume existence of a "safe" or "no-risk" level of chemical exposure in the diverse general population; and (5) hazard and risk assessments must evaluate and account for financial conflicts of interest in the body of evidence. While many of these recommendations focus specifically on the EPA, they are general principles for environmental health that could be adopted by any agency or entity engaged in exposure, hazard, and risk assessment. We also detail recommendations for four priority areas in companion papers (exposure assessment methods, human variability assessment, methods for quantifying non-cancer health outcomes, and a framework for defining chemical classes). These recommendations constitute key steps for improved evidence-based environmental health decision-making and public health protection.

Published
2023

6. Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: Modeling, statistics, simulations, and computing needs for direct dark matter detection

Author

Kahn, Yonatan, Monzani, Maria Elena, Palladino, Kimberly J., Anderson, Tyler, Bard, Deborah, Baxter, Daniel, Buuck, Micah, Cartaro, Concetta, Collar, Juan I., Diamond, Miriam, Fan, Alden, Knapen, Simon, Kravitz, Scott, Lang, Rafael F., Nachman, Benjamin, Samblas, Ibles Olcina, Ostrovskiy, Igor, Parikh, Aditya, Riffard, Quentin, Roberts, Amy, Stifter, Kelly, Szydagis, Matthew, Tunnell, Christopher, von Krosigk, Belina, Wright, Dennis, Yu, Tien-Tien, Akerib, Dan, Bunker, Ray, Chen, Thomas Y., Gelmini, Graciela B., Kim, Doojin, Park, Jong-Chul, Saab, Tarek, Singh, Rajeev, Su, Shufang, Tsai, Yu-Dai, and Westerdale, Shawn

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

This paper summarizes the modeling, statistics, simulation, and computing needs of direct dark matter detection experiments in the next decade., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

7. Software and Computing for Small HEP Experiments

Author

Casper, Dave, Monzani, Maria Elena, Nachman, Benjamin, Andreopoulos, Costas, Bailey, Stephen, Bard, Deborah, Bhimji, Wahid, Cerati, Giuseppe, Chachamis, Grigorios, Daughhetee, Jacob, Diamond, Miriam, Elvira, V. Daniel, Fan, Alden, Genser, Krzysztof, Girotti, Paolo, Kravitz, Scott, Kutschke, Robert, Pascuzzi, Vincent R., Perdue, Gabriel N., Snider, Erica, Sexton-Kennedy, Elizabeth, Stewart, Graeme Andrew, Szydagis, Matthew, Torrence, Eric, and Tunnell, Christopher

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

This white paper briefly summarized key conclusions of the recent US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021) workshop on Software and Computing for Small High Energy Physics Experiments., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

8. Dark-matter And Neutrino Computation Explored (DANCE) Community Input to Snowmass

Author

Roberts, Amy, Tunnell, Christopher, von Krosigk, Belina, Anderson, Tyler, Brodsky, Jason, Buuck, Micah, Cartaro, Tina, Cragin, Melissa, Davies, Gavin S., Diamond, Miriam, Fan, Alden, Higuera, Aaron, Ippolito, Valerio, Jillings, Chris, Kravitz, Scott, Krezko, Luke, Li, Ivy, Monzani, Maria Elena, Ostrovskiy, Igor, Psihas, Fernanda, Renshaw, Andrew, Riffard, Quentin, Sander, Joel, Sangiorgio, Samuele, Trappitsch, Reto, and Wright, Dennis

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

This paper summarizes the needs of the dark matter and neutrino communities as it relates to computation. The scope includes data acquisition, triggers, data management and processing, data preservation, simulation, machine learning, data analysis, software engineering, career development, and equity and inclusion. Beyond identifying our community needs, we propose actions that can be taken to strengthen this community and to work together to overcome common challenges., Comment: Needs identified during DANCE Workshop series. Submitted to Snowmass. 33 pages and 1 picture

Published
2022

9. The Heavy Photon Search Experiment

Author

Baltzell, Nathan, Battaglieri, Marco, Bondi, Mariangela, Boyarinov, Sergei, Bravo, Cameron, Bueltmann, Stephen, Burkert, Volker, Butti, Pierfrancesco, Cao, Tongtong, Carpinelli, Massimo, Celentano, Andrea, Charles, Gabriel, Cuevas, Chris, D'Angelo, Annalisa, D'Urso, Domenico, Dashyan, Natalia, De Napoli, Marzio, De Vita, Raffaella, Deur, Alexandre, Diamond, Miriam, Dupre, Raphael, Essig, Rouven, Fadeyev, Vitaliy, Field, R. Clive, Filippi, Alessandra, Gaiser, Sarah, Gevorgyan, Nerses, Graf, Norman, Graham, Mathew, Guidal, Michel, Herbst, Ryan, Holtrop, Maurik, Jaros, John, Johnson, Robert, Kubarovsky, Valery, Marchand, Dominique, Marsicano, Luca, Maruyama, Takashi, McCarty, Samantha, McCormick, Jeremy, McKinnon, Bryan, Moreno, Omar, Munoz-Camacho, Carlos, Nelson, Timothy, Niccolai, Silvia, O'Dwyer, Rory, Paremuzyan, Rafayel, Peets, Emrys, Randazzo, Nunzio, Raydo, Benjamin, Reese, Benjamin, Schuster, Philip, Simi, Gabriele, Sipala, Valeria, Solt, Matthew, Spellman, Alic, Stepanyan, Stepan, Szumila-Vance, Holly, Tompkins, Lauren, Toro, Natalia, Ungaro, Maurizio, and Voskanyan, Hakop

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) experiment is designed to search for a new vector boson $A^\prime$ in the mass range of 20 MeV/$c^2$ to 220 MeV/$c^2$ that kinetically mixes with the Standard Model photon with couplings $\epsilon^2 >10^{-10}$. In addition to the general importance of exploring light, weakly coupled physics that is difficult to probe with high-energy colliders, a prime motivation for this search is the possibility that sub-GeV thermal relics constitute dark matter, a scenario that requires a new comparably light mediator, where models with a hidden $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, a "dark", "hidden sector", or "heavy" photon, are particularly attractive. HPS searches for visible signatures of these heavy photons, taking advantage of their small coupling to electric charge to produce them via a process analogous to bremsstrahlung in a fixed target and detect their subsequent decay to $\mathrm{e}^+ \mathrm{e}^-$ pairs in a compact spectrometer. In addition to searching for $\mathrm{e}^+ \mathrm{e}^-$ resonances atop large QED backgrounds, HPS has the ability to precisely measure decay lengths, resulting in unique sensitivity to dark photons, as well as other long-lived new physics. After completion of the experiment and operation of engineering runs in 2015 and 2016 at the JLab CEBAF, physics runs in 2019 and 2021 have provided datasets that are now being analyzed to search for dark photons and other new phenomena., Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)

Published
2022

10. Recent Progress and Next Steps for the MATHUSLA LLP Detector

Author

Alpigiani, Cristiano, Arteaga-Velázquez, Juan Carlos, Ball, Austin, Barak, Liron, Barron, Jared, Batell, Brian, Beacham, James, Benhammo, Yan, Brau, Benjamin, Caballero-Mora, Karen Salomé, Camarri, Paolo, Cardarelli, Roberto, Chou, John Paul, Cui, Wentao, Curtin, David, Diamond, Miriam, Dienes, Keith R., Dougherty, Liam Andrew, Dougherty, William, Drewes, Marco, Erramilli, Sameer, Essig, Rouven, Etzion, Erez, Evans, Jared, Téllez, Arturo Fernández, Finlayson, Grace, Fischer, Oliver, Freeman, Jim, Gall, Jonathan, Garabaglu, Ali, Garcia-Bellido, Aran, Giagu, Stefano, Gomber, Bhawna, Greenberg, Stephen Elliott, Guida, Roberto, Haas, Andy, Hassan, Bahgat, Heng, Yuekun, Hsu, Shih-Chieh, Humphrey, Keegan, Iaselli, Giuseppe, Johns, Ken, Kvam, Audrey, Lazic, Dragoslav, Li, Liang, Liao, Jiahao, Liberti, Barbara, Liu, Zhen, Lubatti, Henry, Luo, Lillian, Marsella, Giovanni, Hernández, Mario Iván Martínez, McCullough, Matthew, McKeen, David, Meade, Patrick, Mizrachi, Gilad, Morales-Olivares, O. G., Morrissey, David, Morvai, Ljiljana, Moshe, Meny Raviv, Panagiotou, Michalis, Proffitt, Mason, Ramirez, Dennis Cazar, Reece, Matthew, Robertson, Steven H., Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, Mario, de Roeck, Albert, Roepe, Amber, Ruckman, Larry, Russell, James John, Russell, Heather, Saka, Halil, Santonico, Rinaldo, Schioppa, Marco, Di Sciascio, Giuseppe, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Silver, Yiftah, Di Stante, Luigi, Stolarski, Daniel, Strauss, Mike, Strom, David, Stupak, John, Vasquez, Martin A. Subieta, Swain, Sanjay Kumar, Tan, Chin Lung, Muñoz, Guillermo Tejeda, Thayil, Steffie Ann, Thomas, Brooks, Torro, Emma, Tsai, Yuhsin, Watts, Gordon, Xu, Zijun, Young, Charles, Zolkin, Igor, and Zurita, Jose

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report on recent progress and next steps in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC as part of the Snowmass 2021 process. Our understanding of backgrounds has greatly improved, aided by detailed simulation studies, and significant R&D has been performed on designing the scintillator detectors and understanding their performance. The collaboration is on track to complete a Technical Design Report, and there are many opportunities for interested new members to contribute towards the goal of designing and constructing MATHUSLA in time for HL-LHC collisions, which would increase the sensitivity to a large variety of highly motivated LLP signals by orders of magnitude., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 (EF09, EF10, IF6, IF9), 18 pages, 12 figures. v2: included additional endorsers. v3: updated affiliations. v4: added missing contributors as authors

Published
2022

11. Detector and Beamline Simulation for Next-Generation High Energy Physics Experiments

Author

Banerjee, Sunanda, Brown, D. N., Brown, David N., Calafiura, Paolo, Calcutt, Jacob, Canal, Philippe, Diamond, Miriam, Elvira, Daniel, Evans, Thomas, Fatemi, Renee, Genser, Krzysztof, Hatcher, Robert, Himmel, Alexander, Johnson, Seth R., Jun, Soon Yung, Kelsey, Michael, Kourlitis, Evangelos, Kutschke, Robert K., Lima, Guilherme, Lynch, Kevin, Mahn, Kendall, Marshall, Zachary, Mooney, Michael, Para, Adam, Pascuzzi, Vincent R., Pedro, Kevin, Samoylov, Oleg, Snider, Erica, Snopok, Pavel, Szydagis, Matthew, Wenzel, Hans, Whitehead, Leigh H., Yang, Tingjun, and Yarba, Julia

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The success of high energy physics programs relies heavily on accurate detector simulations and beam interaction modeling. The increasingly complex detector geometries and beam dynamics require sophisticated techniques in order to meet the demands of current and future experiments. Common software tools used today are unable to fully utilize modern computational resources, while data-recording rates are often orders of magnitude larger than what can be produced via simulation. In this paper, we describe the state, current and future needs of high energy physics detector and beamline simulations and related challenges, and we propose a number of possible ways to address them., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

12. A Search for Low-mass Dark Matter via Bremsstrahlung Radiation and the Migdal Effect in SuperCDMS

Author

SuperCDMS Collaboration, Al-Bakry, Musaab, Alkhatib, Imran, Amaral, Dorian Praia do, Aralis, Taylor, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Arnquist, Isaac, Langroudy, Iman Ataee, Azadbakht, Elham, Banik, Samir, Bathurst, Corey, Bauer, Dan, Bezerra, Lucas, Bhattacharyya, Rik, Brink, Paul, Bunker, Ray, Cabrera, Blas, Calkins, Robert, Cameron, Robert, Cartaro, Concetta, Cerdeno, David, Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaudhuri, Mouli, Chen, Ran, Chott, Nicholas, Cooley, Jodi, Coombes, Harrison, Corbett, Jonathan, Cushman, Priscilla, De Brienne, François, Dharani, Sukeerthi, di Vacri, Maria Laura, Diamond, Miriam, Fascione, Eleanor, Figueroa, Enectali, Fink, Caleb, Fouts, Ken, Fritts, Matt, Gerbier, Gilles, Germond, Richard, Ghaith, Muad, Golwala, Sunil, Hall, Jeter, Hassan, Noah, Hines, Bruce, Hollister, Matt, Hong, Ziqing, Hoppe, Eric, Hsu, Lauren, Huber, Martin, Iyer, Vijay, Jardin, Daniel, Jastram, Andrew, Kashyap, Varchaswi, Kelsey, Michael, Kubik, Andrew, Kurinsky, Noah, Lawrence, Richard, Lee, Matthew, Li, Ashley, Liu, Jasmine, Liu, Yan, Loer, Ben, Lukens, Pat, MacFarlane, David, Mahapatra, Rupak, Mandic, Vuk, Mast, Nicholas, Mayer, Adam, Theenhausen, Hanno Meyer zu, Michaud, Émile, Michielin, Emanuele, Mirabolfathi, Nader, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Nagorny, Serge, Nelson, Jack, Neog, Himangshu, Novati, Valentina, Orrell, John, Osborne, McKay, Oser, Scott, Page, William, Partridge, Richard, Pedreros, David S., Podviianiuk, Ruslan, Ponce, Francisco, Poudel, Sudip, Pradeep, Aditi, Pyle, Matt, Rau, Wolfgang, Reid, Elliott, Ren, Tom, Reynolds, Tyler, Roberts, Amy, Robinson, Alan, Saab, Tarek, Sadoulet, Bernard, Saikia, Ishwita, Sander, Joel, Sattari, Ata, Schmidt, Benjamin, Schnee, Richard, Scorza, Silvia, Serfass, Bruno, Poudel, Sagar Sharma, Sincavage, Derek, Stanford, Chris, Street, Joseph, Sun, Huanbo, Thasrawala, Fatema, Toback, David, Underwood, Ryan, Verma, Shubham, Villano, Anthony, von Krosigk, Belina, Watkins, Samuel, Wen, Osmond, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Matthew, Winchell, Joshua, Wu, Chih-pan, Wykoff, Kevin, Yellin, Steve, Young, Betty, Yu, To Chin, Zatschler, Birgit, Zatschler, Stefan, Zaytsev, Alexander, Zhang, Enze, Zheng, Lei, and Zuber, Summer

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In this paper, we present a re-analysis of SuperCDMS data using a profile likelihood approach to search for sub-GeV dark matter particles (DM) through two inelastic scattering channels: bremsstrahlung radiation and the Migdal effect. By considering possible inelastic scattering channels, experimental sensitivity can be extended to DM masses that would otherwise be undetectable through the DM-nucleon elastic scattering channel, given the energy threshold of current experiments. We exclude DM masses down to $220~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ at $2.7 \times 10^{-30}~\textrm{cm}^2$ via the bremsstrahlung channel. The Migdal channel search excludes DM masses down to $30~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ at $5.0 \times 10^{-30}~\textrm{cm}^2$., Comment: This paper is being withdrawn due to an error in data selection during the analysis. Although incorrect, the limits are roughly representative of the sensitivity. The new corrected version of the result will be uploaded once ready

Published
2022

16. An Update to the Letter of Intent for MATHUSLA: Search for Long-Lived Particles at the HL-LHC

Author

Alpigiani, Cristiano, Arteaga-Velázquez, Juan Carlos, Ball, Austin, Barak, Liron, Barron, Jared, Batell, Brian, Beacham, James, Benhammo, Yan, Caballero-Mora, Karen Salomé, Camarri, Paolo, Cardarelli, Roberto, Chou, John Paul, Cui, Wentao, Curtin, David, Diamond, Miriam, Dienes, Keith R., Dougherty, Liam Andrew, Di Sciascio, Giuseppe, Drewes, Marco, Etzion, Erez, Essig, Rouven, Evans, Jared, Téllez, Arturo Fernández, Fischer, Oliver, Freeman, Jim, Gall, Jonathan, Garabaglu, Ali, Giagu, Stefano, Greenberg, Stephen Elliott, Gomber, Bhawna, Guida, Roberto, Haas, Andy, Heng, Yuekun, Hsu, Shih-Chieh, Iaselli, Giuseppe, Johns, Ken, Kvam, Audrey, Lazic, Dragoslav, Li, Liang, Liberti, Barbara, Liu, Zhen, Lubatti, Henry, Luo, Lillian, Marsella, Giovanni, Hernández, Mario Iván Martínez, McCullough, Matthew, McKeen, David, Meade, Patrick, Mizrachi, Gilad, Morales-Olivares, O. G., Morrissey, David, Moshe, Meny Raviv, Policicchio, Antonio, Proffitt, Mason, Ramirez, Dennis Cazar, Reece, Matthew, Robertson, Steven H., Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, Mario, de Roeck, Albert, Roepe, Amber, Rothberg, Joe, Russell, James John, Russell, Heather, Santonico, Rinaldo, Schioppa, Marco, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Silver, Yiftah, Di Stante, Luigi, Stolarski, Daniel, Strauss, Mike, Strom, David, Stupak, John, Vasquez, Martin A. Subieta, Swain, Sanjay Kumar, Muñoz, Guillermo Tejeda, Thayil, Steffie Ann, Thomas, Brooks, Tsai, Yuhsin, Torro, Emma, Watts, Gordon, Young, Charles, and Zurita, Jose

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report on recent progress in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC, updating the information in the original Letter of Intent (LoI), see CDS:LHCC-I-031, arXiv:1811.00927. A suitable site has been identified at LHC Point 5 that is closer to the CMS Interaction Point (IP) than assumed in the LoI. The decay volume has been increased from 20 m to 25 m in height. Engineering studies have been made in order to locate much of the decay volume below ground, bringing the detector even closer to the IP. With these changes, a 100 m x 100 m detector has the same physics reach for large c$\tau$ as the 200 m x 200 m detector described in the LoI and other studies. The performance for small c$\tau$ is improved because of the proximity to the IP. Detector technology has also evolved while retaining the strip-like sensor geometry in Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) described in the LoI. The present design uses extruded scintillator bars read out using wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). Operations will be simpler and more robust with much lower operating voltages and without the use of greenhouse gases. Manufacturing is straightforward and should result in cost savings. Understanding of backgrounds has also significantly advanced, thanks to new simulation studies and measurements taken at the MATHUSLA test stand operating above ATLAS in 2018. We discuss next steps for the MATHUSLA collaboration, and identify areas where new members can make particularly important contributions., Comment: 22 pages + references, 12 Figures

Published
2020

18. Assessing Human Exposure to SVOCs in Materials, Products, and Articles: A Modular Mechanistic Framework

Author

Eichler, Clara MA, Hubal, Elaine A Cohen, Xu, Ying, Cao, Jianping, Bi, Chenyang, Weschler, Charles J, Salthammer, Tunga, Morrison, Glenn C, Koivisto, Antti Joonas, Zhang, Yinping, Mandin, Corinne, Wei, Wenjuan, Blondeau, Patrice, Poppendieck, Dustin, Liu, Xiaoyu, Delmaar, Christiaan JE, Fantke, Peter, Jolliet, Olivier, Shin, Hyeong-Moo, Diamond, Miriam L, Shiraiwa, Manabu, Zuend, Andreas, Hopke, Philip K, von Goetz, Natalie, Kulmala, Markku, and Little, John C

Subjects
Prevention, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Indoor, Dust, Humans, Organic Chemicals, Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

A critical review of the current state of knowledge of chemical emissions from indoor sources, partitioning among indoor compartments, and the ensuing indoor exposure leads to a proposal for a modular mechanistic framework for predicting human exposure to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Mechanistically consistent source emission categories include solid, soft, frequent contact, applied, sprayed, and high temperature sources. Environmental compartments are the gas phase, airborne particles, settled dust, indoor surfaces, and clothing. Identified research needs are the development of dynamic emission models for several of the source emission categories and of estimation strategies for critical model parameters. The modular structure of the framework facilitates subsequent inclusion of new knowledge, other chemical classes of indoor pollutants, and additional mechanistic processes relevant to human exposure indoors. The framework may serve as the foundation for developing an open-source community model to better support collaborative research and improve access for application by stakeholders. Combining exposure estimates derived using this framework with toxicity data for different end points and toxicokinetic mechanisms will accelerate chemical risk prioritization, advance effective chemical management decisions, and protect public health.

Published
2021

19. Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider

Author

Alimena, Juliette, Beacham, James, Borsato, Martino, Cheng, Yangyang, Vidal, Xabier Cid, Cottin, Giovanna, De Roeck, Albert, Desai, Nishita, Curtin, David, Evans, Jared A., Knapen, Simon, Kraml, Sabine, Lessa, Andre, Liu, Zhen, Mehlhase, Sascha, Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J., Russell, Heather, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Verducci, Monica, Zurita, Jose, Adams, Todd, Adersberger, Michael, Alpigiani, Cristiano, Apresyan, Artur, Bainbridge, Robert John, Batozskaya, Varvara, Beauchesne, Hugues, Benato, Lisa, Berlendis, S., Bhal, Eshwen, Blekman, Freya, Borovilou, Christina, Boyd, Jamie, Brau, Benjamin P., Bryngemark, Lene, Buchmueller, Oliver, Buschmann, Malte, Buttinger, William, Campanelli, Mario, Cesarotti, Cari, Chen, Chunhui, Cheng, Hsin-Chia, Cheong, Sanha, Citron, Matthew, Coccaro, Andrea, Coco, V., Conte, Eric, Cormier, Félix, Corpe, Louie D., Craig, Nathaniel, Cui, Yanou, Dall'Occo, Elena, Dallapiccola, C., Darwish, M. R., Davoli, Alessandro, de Cosa, Annapaola, De Simone, Andrea, Rose, Luigi Delle, Deppisch, Frank F., Dey, Biplab, Diamond, Miriam D., Dienes, Keith R., Dildick, Sven, Döbrich, Babette, Drewes, Marco, Eich, Melanie, ElSawy, M., del Valle, Alberto Escalante, Facini, Gabriel, Farina, Marco, Feng, Jonathan L., Fischer, Oliver, Flaecher, H. U., Foldenauer, Patrick, Freytsis, Marat, Fuks, Benjamin, Galon, Iftah, Gershtein, Yuri, Giagu, Stefano, Giammanco, Andrea, Gligorov, Vladimir V., Golling, Tobias, Grancagnolo, Sergio, Gustavino, Giuliano, Haas, Andrew, Hahn, Kristian, Hajer, Jan, Hammad, Ahmed, Heinrich, Lukas, Heisig, Jan, Helo, J. C., Hesketh, Gavin, Hill, Christopher S., Hirsch, Martin, Hohlmann, M., Hulsbergen, W., Huth, John, Ilten, Philip, Jacques, Thomas, Jayatilaka, Bodhitha, Jeng, Geng-Yuan, Johns, K. A., Kaji, Toshiaki, Kasieczka, Gregor, Kats, Yevgeny, Kazana, Malgorzata, Keller, Henning, Khlopov, Maxim Yu., Kling, Felix, Kolberg, Ted R., Kostiuk, Igor, Kuwertz, Emma Sian, Kvam, Audrey, Landsberg, Greg, Lanfranchi, Gaia, Lara, Iñaki, Ledovskoy, Alexander, Linthorne, Dylan, Liu, Jia, Longarini, Iacopo, Lowette, Steven, Lubatti, Henry, Lutz, Margaret, Luo, Jingyu, Mamužić, Judita, Marinangeli, Matthieu, Mariotti, Alberto, Marlow, Daniel, McCullough, Matthew, McDermott, Kevin, Mermod, P., Milstead, David, Mitsou, Vasiliki A., Berlingen, Javier Montejo, Moortgat, Filip, Morandini, Alessandro, Morris, Alice Polyxeni, Morse, David Michael, Mrenna, Stephen, Nachman, Benjamin, Nemevšek, Miha, Nesti, Fabrizio, Ohm, Christian, Pascoli, Silvia, Pedro, Kevin, Peña, Cristián, Rodriguez, Karla Josefina Pena, Piedra, Jónatan, Pinfold, James L., Policicchio, Antonio, Popara, Goran, Prisciandaro, Jessica, Proffitt, Mason, Rauco, Giorgia, Redi, Federico, Reece, Matthew, Hall, Allison Reinsvold, Sfar, H. Rejeb, Renner, Sophie, Roepe, Amber, Ronzani, Manfredi, Salvioni, Ennio, Santra, Arka, Sawada, Ryu, Scholtz, Jakub, Schuster, Philip, Schwaller, Pedro, Sebastiani, Cristiano, Sekmen, Sezen, Selvaggi, Michele, Si, Weinan, Soffi, Livia, Stolarski, Daniel, Stuart, David, Stupak III, John, Sung, Kevin, Taylor, Wendy, Templ, Sebastian, Thomas, Brooks, Torró-Pastor, Emma, Trocino, Daniele, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Trovato, Marco, Tsai, Yuhsin, Tully, C. G., Vámi, Tamás Álmos, Vasquez, Juan Carlos, Sierra, Carlos Vázquez, Vellidis, K., Vermassen, Basile, Vit, Martina, Walker, Devin G. E., Wang, Xiao-Ping, Watts, Gordon, Xie, Si, Yexley, Melissa, Young, Charles, Yu, Jiang-Hao, Zalewski, Piotr, and Zhang, Yongchao

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments --- as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER --- to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the High-Luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity "dark showers", highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. MATHUSLA: A Detector Proposal to Explore the Lifetime Frontier at the HL-LHC

Author

Lubatti, Henry, Alpigiani, Cristiano, Arteaga-Velázquez, Juan Carlos, Ball, Austin, Beacham, Liron Barak James, Benhammo, Yan, Caballero-Mora, Karen Salomé, Camarri, Paolo, Cao, Tingting, Cardarelli, Roberto, Chou, John Paul, Curtin, David, de Roeck, Albert, Di Sciascio, Giuseppe, Diamond, Miriam, Drewes, Marco, Eno, Sarah C., Essig, Rouven, Evans, Jared, Etzion, Erez, Téllez, Arturo Fernández, Fischer, Oliver, Freeman, Jim, Giagu, Stefano, Gomes, Brandon, Haas, Andy, Heng, Yuekun, Iaselli, Giuseppe, Johns, Ken, Karagoz, Muge, Kvam, Audrey, Lazic, Dragoslav, Li, Liang, Liberti, Barbara, Liu, Zhen, Marsella, Giovanni, Mamani, Piter A. Paye, Hernández, Mario Iván Martínez, McCullough, Matthew, McKeen, David, Meade, Patrick, Mizrachi, Gilad, Morrissey, David, Moshe, Meny Raviv, Policicchio, Antonio, Proffitt, Mason, Reggiani-Guzzo, Marina, Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, Mario, Rothberg, Joe, Santonico, Rinaldo, Schioppa, Marco, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Silver, Yiftah, Stolarski, Daniel, Vasquez, Martin A. Subieta, Muñoz, Guillermo Tejeda, Thayil, Steffie Ann, Tsai, Yuhsin, Torro, Emma, Watts, Gordon, Young, Charles, and Zurita, Jose

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The observation of long-lived particles at the LHC would reveal physics beyond the Standard Model, could account for the many open issues in our understanding of our universe, and conceivably point to a more complete theory of the fundamental interactions. Such long-lived particle signatures are fundamentally motivated and can appear in virtually every theoretical construct that address the Hierarchy Problem, Dark Matter, Neutrino Masses and the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe. We describe in this document a large detector, MATHUSLA, located on the surface above an HL-LHC $pp$ interaction point, that could observe long-lived particles with lifetimes up to the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis limit of 0.1 s. We also note that its large detector area allows MATHUSLA to make important contributions to cosmic ray physics. Because of the potential for making a major breakthrough in our conceptual understanding of the universe, long-lived particle searches should have the highest level of priority., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. Input to the update process of the European Strategy for Particle Physics by the MATHUSLA collaboration (http://mathusla.web.cern.ch). See also CERN-PBC-REPORT-2018-007 for the ESPP contribution of the Physics Beyond Colliders working group, which contains a discussion of low-energy simplified models as well as some comments on MATHUSLA's budget and timelines

Published
2019

21. Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider

Author

Alimena, Juliette, Beacham, James, Borsato, Martino, Cheng, Yangyang, Vidal, Xabier Cid, Cottin, Giovanna, Curtin, David, De Roeck, Albert, Desai, Nishita, Evans, Jared A, Knapen, Simon, Kraml, Sabine, Lessa, Andre, Liu, Zhen, Mehlhase, Sascha, Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J, Russell, Heather, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Verducci, Monica, Zurita, Jose, Adams, Todd, Adersberger, Michael, Alpigiani, Cristiano, Apresyan, Artur, Bainbridge, Robert John, Batozskaya, Varvara, Beauchesne, Hugues, Benato, Lisa, Berlendis, S, Bhal, Eshwen, Blekman, Freya, Borovilou, Christina, Boyd, Jamie, Brau, Benjamin P, Bryngemark, Lene, Buchmueller, Oliver, Buschmann, Malte, Buttinger, William, Campanelli, Mario, Cesarotti, Cari, Chen, Chunhui, Cheng, Hsin-Chia, Cheong, Sanha, Citron, Matthew, Coccaro, Andrea, Coco, V, Conte, Eric, Cormier, Flix, Corpe, Louie D, Craig, Nathaniel, Cui, Yanou, DallOcco, Elena, Dallapiccola, C, Darwish, MR, Davoli, Alessandro, de Cosa, Annapaola, De Simone, Andrea, Delle Rose, Luigi, Deppisch, Frank F, Dey, Biplab, Diamond, Miriam D, Dienes, Keith R, Dildick, Sven, Dbrich, Babette, Drewes, Marco, Eich, Melanie, ElSawy, M, del Valle, Alberto Escalante, Facini, Gabriel, Farina, Marco, Feng, Jonathan L, Fischer, Oliver, Flaecher, HU, Foldenauer, Patrick, Freytsis, Marat, Fuks, Benjamin, Galon, Iftah, Gershtein, Yuri, Giagu, Stefano, Giammanco, Andrea, Gligorov, Vladimir V, Golling, Tobias, Grancagnolo, Sergio, Gustavino, Giuliano, Haas, Andrew, Hahn, Kristian, Hajer, Jan, Hammad, Ahmed, Heinrich, Lukas, Heisig, Jan, Helo, JC, Hesketh, Gavin, Hill, Christopher S, Hirsch, Martin, Hohlmann, M, Holmes, Tova, Hulsbergen, W, Huth, John, and Ilten, Philip

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, beyond the Standard Model, long-lived particles, Large Hadron Collider, high-luminosity LHC, collider phenomenology, high-energy collider experiments, hep-ex, hep-ph, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments-as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER-to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity 'dark showers', highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.

Published
2020

22. A Letter of Intent for MATHUSLA: a dedicated displaced vertex detector above ATLAS or CMS

Author

Alpigiani, Cristiano, Ball, Austin, Barak, Liron, Beacham, James, Benhammo, Yan, Cao, Tingting, Camarri, Paolo, Cardarelli, Roberto, Rodriguez-Cahuantzi, Mario, Chou, John Paul, Curtin, David, Diamond, Miriam, Di Sciascio, Giuseppe, Drewes, Marco, Eno, Sarah C., Etzion, Erez, Essig, Rouven, Evans, Jared, Fischer, Oliver, Giagu, Stefano, Gomes, Brandon, Haas, Andy, Heng, Yuekun, Iaselli, Giuseppe, Johns, Ken, Karagoz, Muge, Kasper, Luke, Kvam, Audrey, Lazic, Dragoslav, Li, Liang, Liberti, Barbara, Liu, Zhen, Lubatti, Henry, Marsella, Giovanni, McCullough, Matthew, McKeen, David, Meade, Patrick, Mizrachi, Gilad, Morrissey, David, Moshe, Meny Raviv, Caballero-Mora, Karen Salome, Mamani, Piter A. Paye, Policicchio, Antonio, Proffitt, Mason, Reggiani-Guzzo, Marina, Rothberg, Joe, Santonico, Rinaldo, Schioppa, Marco, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Vasquez, Martin A. Subieta, Stolarski, Daniel, de Roeck, Albert, Tellez, Arturo Fernandez, Munoz, Guillermo Tejeda, Hernandez, Mario Ivan Martinez, Silver, Yiftah, Thayil, Steffie Ann, Torro, Emma, Tsai, Yuhsin, Arteaga-Velazquez, Juan Carlos, Watts, Gordon, Young, Charles, and Zurita, Jose

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In this Letter of Intent (LOI) we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles), a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) with up to several orders of magnitude better sensitivity than ATLAS or CMS, while also acting as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN to explore many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics. We review the physics motivations for MATHUSLA and summarize its LLP reach for several different possible detector geometries, as well as outline the cosmic ray physics program. We present several updated background studies for MATHUSLA, which help inform a first detector-design concept utilizing modular construction with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as the primary tracking technology. We present first efficiency and reconstruction studies to verify the viability of this design concept, and we explore some aspects of its total cost. We end with a summary of recent progress made on the MATHUSLA test stand, a small-scale demonstrator experiment currently taking data at CERN Point 1, and finish with a short comment on future work.

Published
2018

27. Methods of Responsibly Managing End-of-Life Foams and Plastics Containing Flame Retardants: Part II

Author

Lucas, Donald, Petty, Sara M, Keen, Olya, Luedeka, Bob, Schlummer, Martin, Weber, Roland, Yazdani, Ramin, Riise, Brian, Rhodes, James, Nightingale, Dave, Diamond, Miriam L, Vijgen, John, Lindeman, Avery, Blum, Arlene, and Koshland, Catherine P

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Management, flame retardants, hazardous materials, solid disposal, Environmental Science and Management, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Chemical engineering, Environmental engineering, Environmental management
Abstract

This is Part II of a review covering the wide range of issues associated with all aspects of the use and responsible disposal of foam and plastic wastes containing toxic or potentially toxic flame retardants. We identify basic and applied research needs in the areas of responsible collection, pretreatment, processing, and management of these wastes. In Part II, we explore alternative technologies for the management of halogenated flame retardant (HFR) containing wastes, including chemical, mechanical, and thermal processes for recycling, treatment, and disposal.

Published
2018

28. Exploring Outputs of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention

Author

Diamond, Miriam L., primary, Sigmund, Gabriel, additional, Bertram, Michael G., additional, Ford, Alex T., additional, Ågerstrand, Marlene, additional, Carlini, Giulia, additional, Lohmann, Rainer, additional, Šebková, Kateřina, additional, Soehl, Anna, additional, Starling, Maria Clara V. M., additional, Suzuki, Noriyuki, additional, Venier, Marta, additional, Vlahos, Penny, additional, and Scheringer, Martin, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Direct and indirect effects of different types of microplastics on freshwater prey (Corbicula fluminea) and their predator (Acipenser transmontanus).

Author

Rochman, Chelsea M, Parnis, J Mark, Browne, Mark A, Serrato, Sebastian, Reiner, Eric J, Robson, Matthew, Young, Thomas, Diamond, Miriam L, and Teh, Swee J

Subjects
Animals, Fishes, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Predatory Behavior, Fresh Water, Corbicula, Water Pollutants, Chemical, General Science & Technology
Abstract

We examined whether environmentally relevant concentrations of different types of microplastics, with or without PCBs, directly affect freshwater prey and indirectly affect their predators. Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene, polyvinylchloride (PVC) or polystyrene with and without polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for 28 days. Their predators, white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), were exposed to clams from each treatment for 28 days. In both species, we examined bioaccumulation of PCBs and effects (i.e., immunohistochemistry, histology, behavior, condition, mortality) across several levels of biological organization. PCBs were not detected in prey or predator, and thus differences in bioaccumulation of PCBs among polymers and biomagnification in predators could not be measured. One of the main objectives of this study was to test the hypothesis that bioaccumulation of PCBs would differ among polymer types. Because we could not answer this question experimentally, a bioaccumulation model was run and predicted that concentrations of PCBs in clams exposed to polyethylene and polystyrene would be greater than PET and PVC. Observed effects, although subtle, seemed to be due to microplastics rather than PCBs alone. For example, histopathology showed tubular dilation in clams exposed to microplastics with PCBs, with only mild effects in clams exposed to PCBs alone.

Published
2017

31. Exploring Outputs of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention

Author

Diamond, Miriam L., Sigmund, Gabriel, Bertram, Michael G., Ford, Alex T., Ågerstrand, Marlene, Carlini, Giulia, Lohmann, Rainer, Šebková, Kateřina, Soehl, Anna, Starling, Maria Clara V.M., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Scheringer, Martin, Diamond, Miriam L., Sigmund, Gabriel, Bertram, Michael G., Ford, Alex T., Ågerstrand, Marlene, Carlini, Giulia, Lohmann, Rainer, Šebková, Kateřina, Soehl, Anna, Starling, Maria Clara V.M., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, and Scheringer, Martin

Abstract

The Science-Policy Panel (SPP) on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention, now being established under a mandate of the United Nations Environment Assembly, will address chemical pollution, one element of the triple planetary crises along with climate change and biodiversity loss. The SPP should provide governments with consensual, authoritative, and holistic solution-oriented assessments, particularly relevant to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and, we suggest, to issues regarding the global commons. The assessments should be flexible in scope and breadth, and address existing issues retrospectively and prospectively to minimize the high costs to human and environment health that come from delayed, slow, and/or fragmented policy responses. Two examples of assessments are presented here. The retrospective example is pharmaceutical pollution, which is of increasing importance, especially in LMICs. The SPP’s assessment could identify data gaps, develop regionally attuned policy options for mitigation, promote “benign-by-design” chemistry, explore educational and capacity-building activities, and investigate financial mechanisms for implementation. The prospective example is on risks posed by chemicals and waste release from critical technological infrastructure and waste sites vulnerable to sea level rise and extreme weather events. Multisectoral and multidisciplinary inputs are needed to map and develop “disaster-proofing” responses, along with financing mechanisms. The new SPP offers the ambition and mechanisms for enabling much-needed assessments explicitly framed as inputs to policy-making, to protect, and support the recovery of, local to global human and environmental health.

Published
2024

34. Reductions of Plastic Microbeads from Personal Care Products in Wastewater Effluents and Lake Waters Following Regulatory Actions

Author

Akhbarizadeh, Razegheh, primary, Yu, Jasmine T., additional, Ead, Lauren, additional, Nicholls, Erin, additional, Thibeau, John, additional, Lanisa, Moyosore, additional, Wakai, Mazin, additional, Marquez, Audren, additional, Miller, Courtney, additional, Sims, Alina, additional, Diamond, Miriam L., additional, and Helm, Paul A., additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Early life exposure to phthalates in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study: a multi-city birth cohort

Author

Navaranjan, Garthika, Takaro, Tim K., Wheeler, Amanda J., Diamond, Miriam L., Shu, Huan, Azad, Meghan B., Becker, Allan B., Dai, Ruixue, Harris, Shelley A., Lefebvre, Diana L., Lu, Zihang, Mandhane, Piush J., McLean, Kathleen, Moraes, Theo J., Scott, James A., Turvey, Stuart E., Sears, Malcolm R., Subbarao, Padmaja, and Brook, Jeffrey R.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Searching for Light Dark Matter with the SLAC Millicharge Experiment

Author

Diamond, Miriam D. and Schuster, Philip

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

New sub-GeV gauge forces ("dark photons") that kinetically mix with the photon provide a promising scenario for MeV-GeV dark matter, and are the subject of a program of searches at fixed-target and collider facilities around the world. In such models, dark photons produced in collisions may decay invisibly into dark matter states, thereby evading current searches. We re-examine results of the SLAC mQ electron beam dump experiment designed to search for millicharged particles, and find that it was strongly sensitive to any secondary beam of dark matter produced by electron-nucleus collisions in the target. The constraints are competitive for dark photon masses in the ~1-30 MeV range, covering part of the parameter space that can reconcile the apparent (g-2)_{\mu} anomaly. Simple adjustments to the original SLAC search for millicharges may extend sensitivity to cover a sizable portion of the remaining (g-2)_{\mu} anomaly-motivated region. The mQ sensitivity is therefore complementary to on-going searches for visible decays of dark photons. Compared to existing direct detection searches, mQ sensitivity to electron-dark matter scattering cross sections is more than an order of magnitude better for a significant range of masses and couplings in simple models., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Accelerating Environmental Research to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals

Author

Mihelcic, James R., primary, Barra, Ricardo O., additional, Brooks, Bryan W., additional, Diamond, Miriam L., additional, Eckelman, Matthew J., additional, MacDonald Gibson, Jacqueline, additional, Guidotti, Sunny, additional, Ikeda-Araki, Atsuko, additional, Kumar, Manish, additional, Maiga, Ynoussa, additional, McConville, Jennifer, additional, Miller, Shelly L., additional, Pizarro, Valeria, additional, Rosario-Ortiz, Fernando, additional, Wang, Shuxiao, additional, and Zimmerman, Julie B., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Conflicts of Interest in the Assessment of Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution

Author

Schäffer, Andreas, primary, Groh, Ksenia J., additional, Sigmund, Gabriel, additional, Azoulay, David, additional, Backhaus, Thomas, additional, Bertram, Michael G., additional, Carney Almroth, Bethanie, additional, Cousins, Ian T., additional, Ford, Alex T., additional, Grimalt, Joan O., additional, Guida, Yago, additional, Hansson, Maria C., additional, Jeong, Yunsun, additional, Lohmann, Rainer, additional, Michaels, David, additional, Mueller, Leonie, additional, Muncke, Jane, additional, Öberg, Gunilla, additional, Orellana, Marcos A., additional, Sanganyado, Edmond, additional, Schäfer, Ralf Bernhard, additional, Sheriff, Ishmail, additional, Sullivan, Ryan C., additional, Suzuki, Noriyuki, additional, Vandenberg, Laura N., additional, Venier, Marta, additional, Vlahos, Penny, additional, Wagner, Martin, additional, Wang, Fang, additional, Wang, Mengjiao, additional, Soehl, Anna, additional, Ågerstrand, Marlene, additional, Diamond, Miriam L., additional, and Scheringer, Martin, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Partners in the Wilderness: Building Alliances with Faculty to Redefine Learning.

Author

Daniel DiGregorio, Kristie, Diamond, Miriam Rosalyn, and Passi, Candace Ennesser

Abstract

An irony of the college experience is that a substantial amount of students' time and, potentially, a majority of student learning, occurs outside the classroom. Since non-classroom interaction with faculty is a central component of such learning, three studies that illuminate different facets of these interactions are presented here; they explore how student affairs professionals might collaborate with faculty to redefine student learning. The first study looks at upper-level students' perspectives on why students engage or do not engage in out-of-classroom interactions. In contrast to the first study, the second research project focused on college freshmen to determine whether frequent informal student-faculty interaction has a positive effect on college outcomes. The last study assesses the experiences of adult students and examines to what extent returning adult undergraduates become involved with and feel they matter to others, particularly faculty, in their learning environments. Following each study is a discussion of the study's relevance for student affairs practitioners and ways in which student affairs professionals can build alliances with faculty. (RJM)

Published
1996

45. Optimizing Chemicals Management in the United States and Canada through the Essential-Use Approach

Author

Bǎlan, Simona A., Andrews, David Q., Blum, Arlene, Diamond, Miriam L., Fernández, Seth Rojello, Harriman, Elizabeth, Lindstrom, Andrew B., Reade, Anna, Richter, Lauren, Sutton, Rebecca, Wang, Zhanyun, and Kwiatkowski, Carol F.

Subjects
Chemicals of concern, Risk assessment, Chemicals management, Alternatives assessment, Chemical regulation, Environmental social and corporate governance, PFAS, Environmental Chemistry, General Chemistry
Abstract

Chemicals have improved the functionality and convenience of industrial and consumer products, but sometimes at the expense of human or ecological health. Existing regulatory systems have proven to be inadequate for assessing and managing the tens of thousands of chemicals in commerce. A different approach is urgently needed to minimize ongoing production, use, and exposures to hazardous chemicals. The premise of the essential-use approach is that chemicals of concern should be used only in cases in which their function in specific products is necessary for health, safety, or the functioning of society and when feasible alternatives are unavailable. To optimize the essential-use approach for broader implementation in the United States and Canada, we recommend that governments and businesses (1) identify chemicals of concern for essentiality assessments based on a broad range of hazard traits, going beyond toxicity; (2) expedite decision-making by avoiding unnecessary assessments and strategically asking up to three questions to determine whether the use of the chemical in the product is essential; (3) apply the essential-use approach as early as possible in the process of developing and assessing chemicals; and (4) engage diverse experts in identifying chemical uses and functions, assessing alternatives, and making essentiality determinations and share such information broadly. If optimized and expanded into regulatory systems in the United States and Canada, other policymaking bodies, and businesses, the essential-use approach can improve chemicals management and shift the market toward safer chemistries that benefit human and ecological health., Environmental Science & Technology, 57 (4), ISSN:0013-936X, ISSN:1520-5851

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers

Author

Patisaul, Heather B., Behl, Mamta, Birnbaum, Linda S., Blum, Arlene, Diamond, Miriam L., Fernandez, Seth Rojello, Hogberg, Helena T., Kwiatkowski, Carol F., Page, Jamie D., Soehl, Anna, and Stapleton, Heather M.

Subjects
Fireproofing agents -- Health aspects -- Chemical properties, Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Developmental neurology -- Research, Nervous system diseases -- Risk factors, Organophosphorus compounds -- Environmental aspects -- Health aspects -- Physiological aspects, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Background: To date, the toxicity of organophosphate esters has primarily been studied regarding their use as pesticides and their effects on the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Currently, flame retardants and plasticizers are the two largest market segments for organophosphate esters and they are found in a wide variety of products, including electronics, building materials, vehicles, furniture, car seats, plastics, and textiles. As a result, organophosphate esters and their metabolites are routinely found in human urine, blood, placental tissue, and breast milk across the globe. It has been asserted that their neurological effects are minimal given that they do not act on AChE in precisely the same way as organophosphate ester pesticides. OBJECTIVES: This commentary describes research on the non-AChE neurodevelopmental toxicity of organophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs). Studies in humans, mammalian, nonmammalian, and in vitro models are presented, and relevant neurodevelopmental pathways, including adverse outcome pathways, are described. By highlighting this scientific evidence, we hope to elevate the level of concern for widespread human exposure to these OPEs and to provide recommendations for how to better protect public health. Discussion: Collectively, the findings presented demonstrate that OPEs can alter neurodevelopmental processes by interfering with noncholinergic pathways at environmentally relevant doses. Application of a pathways framework indicates several specific mechanisms of action, including perturbation of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid and disruption of the endocrine system. The effects may have implications for the development of cognitive and social skills in children. Our conclusion is that concern is warranted for the developmental neurotoxicity of OPE exposure. We thus describe important considerations for reducing harm and to provide recommendations for government and industry decision makers. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9285, Introduction Organophosphate esters are a large class of compounds that are increasingly used as flame retardants and plasticizers. Organophosphate esters have the general structure O = P[(OR).sub.3], or S=P[(OR).sub.3], where [...]

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Understanding and addressing the planetary crisis of chemicals and plastics

Author

Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cornell, Sarah E., Diamond, Miriam L., de Wit, Cynthia A., Fantke, Peter, and Wang, Zhanyun

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), General Environmental Science
Abstract

Planetary functions are destabilized by the releases of large quantities and numbers of anthropogenic chemicals, which go beyond planetary boundaries and threaten the safe operating space for humanity. Here, we call for urgent action to mitigate these threats and identify opportunities for intervention along the impact pathway of anthropogenic chemicals, including plastics.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results