Search

Although lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death, accurate diagnosis followed by personalized treatment is expected to raise the 5-year survival rate. Targeted therapies are now in routine clinical use, in particular for lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) has recently emerged as a molecular target, especially in squamous cell/epidermoid carcinoma (SQC) of the lung. This paper evaluates FGFR1 expression and gene copy number in adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, pleomorphic carcinomas (PLEOMC) and adenosquamous carcinomas (ADSQC) of the lung and also explores the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. We studied 76 lung carcinomas: 34 ADC, 24 SQC, 10 PLEOMC and 8 ADSQC. FGFR1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Higher FGFR1 protein expression was observed in all tumour types compared to non-tumour tissue. FGFR1 expression was higher in ADC and PLEOMC than in SQC. We found a tendency to higher expression in ADC than in SQC and significantly higher expression in PLEOMC than in other histological subtypes. FISH-based amplification of FGFR1 was identified in 15 (20 %) lung carcinomas: 5 (15 %) ADC, 5 (21 %) SQC, 3 (30 %) PLEOMC and 2 (25 %) ADSQC. Amplification was more frequent in SQC without significant differences. FGFR1 protein is expressed in the majority of lung carcinomas, though it is higher in ADC and PLEOMC (the latter may reflect the importance of FGFR1 control of the EMT pathway). FGFR1 amplification was identified in all types of lung carcinoma. Although FGFR1 is most frequently amplified in SQC, other histological types merit assessment of FGFR1 amplification, in order to select patients that might benefit from targeted therapy.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:06:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-11-01 project Energy and Mobility for Sustainable Regions - EMSURE Primary sludge, from different pulp and paper mills, was used as feedstock in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes to produce ethanol. SSF was carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26602 yeast and NS 22192 enzymatic extract using 150 g L-1 of carbohydrates (CH) from primary sludge. The effect of sterilization, reduction of enzyme dosage and fed-batch vs. batch conditions were studied. The removal of sterilization can be considered since no contamination or atypical by-products were observed, although SSF efficiency slightly decreased. The reduction of the enzyme dosage from 35 to 15 FPU g(CH)(-1) was successful. Despite of initial mixing difficulties, batch SSF enabled higher ethanol concentration (41.7 g L-1), conversion yield (48.9%) and productivity (0.78 g L-1 h(-1)), compared to the fed-batch process at the same conditions of low enzyme dosage of 5 FPU g(CH)(-1) and high solids content of 21.7%, rarely found in literature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Univ Coimbra, Fac Sci & Technol, CIEPQPF, Dept Chem Engn, Polo 2,Rua Silvio Lima, P-3030790 Coimbra, Portugal Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Engn & Food Technol, Rua Cristovao Colombo 2265, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Engn & Food Technol, Rua Cristovao Colombo 2265, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil project Energy and Mobility for Sustainable Regions - EMSURE: CENTRO-07-0224-FEDER-002004