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The trees of the Dongzhai Harbor mangrove forest suffer from antibiotic contamination from surrounding aquaculture areas. Despite this being one of the largest mangrove forests in China, few studies have focused on the antibiotic pollution status in these aquaculture areas. In the present study, the occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of 37 antibiotics in surface water and sediment samples from aquaculture areas around Dongzhai Harbor mangrove forests were analyzed. The concentration of total antibiotics (∑antibiotics) ranged from 78.4 ng/L to 225.6 ng/L in surface water (except S14-A2) and from 19.5 ng/g dry weight (dw) to 229 ng/g dw in sediment. In the sediment, the concentrations of ∑antibiotics were relatively low (19.5-52.3 ng/g dw) at 75 % of the sampling sites, while they were high (95.7-229.0 ng/g dw) at a few sampling sites (S13-A1, S13D, S8D). The correlation analysis results showed that the K d values of the 9 antibiotics were significantly positively correlated with molecular weight (MW), K ow , and LogK ow . Risk assessment revealed that sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in surface water and SMX, enoxacin (ENX), ciprofloxacin (CFX), enrofloxacin (EFX), ofloxacin (OFX), and norfloxacin (NFX) in sediment had medium/high risk quotients (RQs) at 62.5 % and 25-100 %, respectively, of the sampling sites. The antibiotic mixture in surface water (0.06-3.36) and sediment (0.43-309) posed a high risk at 37.5 % and 66.7 %, respectively, of the sampling sites. SMX was selected as an indicator of antibiotic pollution in surface water to assist regulatory authorities in monitoring and managing antibiotic pollution in the aquaculture zone of Dongzhai Harbor. Overall, the results of the present study provide a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the characteristics of antibiotics in the aquaculture environment around the Dongzhai Harbor mangrove system and provide a theoretical basis for the source control of antibiotics in mangrove systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Triphenyltin (TPT) is widely distributed on coastlines, which makes coral reef fish a potential target of TPT pollution. However, the negative effects of TPT on coral reef fish remain poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, the larval coral reef fish Amphiprion ocellaris was used to investigate the developmental toxicities of TPT at environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/L). After TPT exposure for 14 d, the cumulative mortality increased, and growth was suppressed. In addition, TPT exposure inhibited the development of melanophores and xanthophores and delayed white strip formation, which might be responsible for the disruption of the genes (erbb3b, mitfa, kit, xdh, tyr, oca2, itk and trim33) related to pigmentation. TPT exposure also attenuated ossification of head skeletal elements and the vertebral column and inhibited the expression of genes (bmp2, bmp4 and sp7) related to skeletal development. The observed developmental toxicities on growth, pigmentation and skeleton development might be associated with the disruption of thyroid hormones and the genes related to thyroid hormone regulation (tshβ, thrα, thrβ, tg, tpo, dio2, and ttr). In addition, TPT exposure interfered with locomotor and shoaling behavior, and the related genes dbh, avp and avpr1aa. Taken together, our results suggest that TPT pollution might threaten the development of one of the most iconic coral reef fish, which might produce disastrous consequences on the health of coral reef ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) often used as a UV filter in various products and an endocrine disruptor. In this work, we exposed the clown anemonefish to 10 μg/L and 50 μg/L BP-3 for 7 and 14 days. Liver histological, biochemical analysis, and transcriptome sequencing were used to explore the mechanism of the lipid metabolism disorder in the liver of three-month-old clown anemonefish treated with BP-3. The histological and biochemical analysis showed that BP-3 induces morphological changes and lipid droplet accumulation, and the lipid content, lipase, and antioxidant enzyme activity were abnormal. After treatment with 10 μg/L and 50 μg/L BP-3 for 7 days, the transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that the KEGG analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly associated with fat digestion and absorption, PPAR signaling pathway, circadian rhythm, and mineral absorption pathways; After 10 μg/L and 50 μg/L of BP-3 exposure for 14 days, the KEGG analysis were mainly associated with circadian rhythm, circadian rhythm-fly, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and beta-alanine metabolism pathways. Several key genes were involved in the process of liver lipid metabolism, including CD36, APoA-Ⅰ, FABP, LPL, ACS, and PEPCK. The qRT-PCR validation results showed that eight genes (CYP8B1, FABP1, LPL, MGAT, PEPCK, PER1, PSMB4, PSME2) were significantly down-regulated, and the other two genes (Fbxl3, RXR) were significantly up-regulated after 7 days of BP-3 exposure. Similarly, eleven genes (AMPK, ARNTL, Bmal1, CASP3, CYC, CYP2J, CYP2U1, GSK3A, PEPCK, RAC1, RORA) were significantly up-regulated, and the other four genes (NR1D1, PER1, PTGDS, HLF) were significantly down-regulated after 14 days of BP-3 exposure. In conclusion, our results elucidate the physiological and molecular responses to BP-3 exposure in the liver lipid metabolism of clown anemonefish, and these findings reveal that the regulation of lipid metabolism is disturbed when clown anemonefish is exposed to UV filters., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical medical records of patients with dual phenotypic liver cancer (DPHCC) and those (non-DPHCC) in the same period to seek quick and effective biomarkers for differential diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 164 patients who underwent radical hepatocellular carcinoma resection at Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from May 2017 to May 2020, including 29 patients with DPHCC, accounting for 17.7% (age: 53.9±10.0). There were 135 non-DPHCC patients, accounting for 82.3% (age, 62.6±9.1). The clinical records of the above patients were collected,including the basic information of the patients, clinical symptoms and signs, history of infection, laboratory test indexes one day before surgery, postoperative pathological report and other relevant data, The follow-up time was 18 months and the data were complete. By analyzing the clinical data of DPHCC patients and non-DPHCC patients in the same period, to find quick and effective differential diagnostic indicators, and to explore the indicators indicating poor prognosis of DPHCC patients. Results: One-way ANOVA showed significant differences in age, AFP[143(4.8-984.8) vs 9.9(2.8-71.3) μg/L], NLR (3.650±1.924 vs 2.220±1.486), neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, vascular infiltration rate, TNM stage, Chinese Hepatocellular carcinoma Staging (CNLC), Child grade, and Japanese General Staging Score (JIS) ( P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age( OR score:0.967,95% CI :0.860-0.957) and NLR( OR score:1.564,95% CI :1.205-2.029) as independent risk factors for DPHCC differential diagnosis. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of NLR, and the best cut-off value was 2.586. The combination of age at onset improved the efficiency of differential diagnosis. When reaching the maximum diagnostic efficiency, the area under curve(AUC) was 0.836, the sensitivity was 89.66%, and the specificity was 65.93%. Conclusion: NLR combined with the age of disease has certain feasibility in predicting DPHCC and may be an effective index to distinguish DPHCC from non-DPHCC patients.

Although beneficial metalloid silicon (Si) has been proven to reduce the toxicity of several heavy metals, there is a lack of understanding regarding Si potential function in mitigating phytotoxicity induced by vanadium (V). In this study, effect of Si (1.5 mM) on growth, biomass production, V uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS), methylglyoxal (MG) formation, selected antioxidants enzymes activities, glyoxalase enzymes under V stress (35 mg L -1 ) was investigated in hydroponic experiment. The results showed that V stress reduced rice growth, caused V accumulation in rice. Addition of Si to the nutritional medium increased plant growth, biomass yield, root length, root diameter, chlorophyll parameters, photosynthetic assimilation, ion leakage, antioxidant enzymes activities under V stress. Notably, Si sustained V-homeostasis and alleviated V caused oxidative stress by boosting ascorbate (AsA) levels and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in V stressed rice plants. Furthermore, Si protected rice seedlings against the harmful effects of methylglyoxal by increasing the activity of glyoxalase enzymes. Additionally, Si increased the expression of numerous genes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (e.g., OsCuZnSOD1, OsCaTB, OsGPX1, OsAPX1, OsGR2, and OsGSTU37) and methylglyoxal (e.g., OsGLYI-1 and OsGLYII-2). The findings supported that Si can be applied to plants to minimize the V availability to plant, and also induced V stress tolerance., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study presents the chloroplast genome of Hernandia nymphiifolia (C. Presl) Kubitzki (Hernandiaceae) one Endangered mangrove species in China, which was assembled and analyzed by de novo assembly using whole chloroplast genome sequencing data. The accessing ID of reference sequence was MG838431. The size of the complete chloroplast genome was 157,762 bp in length with a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86,641 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,603 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRS) (26,260 bp). The GC content of H. nymphiifolia is 39.3%. From the chloroplast genomes, 133 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 42 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, were predicted. Among them, 17 genes occur in IRS, containing 6 protein-coding genes, 7 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis with 10 eudicots species and rice as the outgroup revealed that H. nymphiifolia was clustered with 6 Ranunculales species., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper., (© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Culex quinquefasciatus is one of China's major house-dwelling mosquito species and an important vector of filariasis and encephalitis. Chemical treatments represent one of the most successful approaches for comprehensive mosquito prevention and control. However, the widespread use of chemical pesticides has led to the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance. Therefore, in-depth studies of resistance to insecticides are of vital importance. In this study, we performed a gene expression analysis to investigate genes from Cx. quinquefasciatus that may confer pyrethroid resistance. We aimed to understand the mechanisms of Cx. quinquefasciatus resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and provide insights into insect resistance management. Using a resistance bioassay, we determined the deltamethrin LC 50 values (lethal concentration required to kill 50% of the population) for Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in the F 21 , F 23 , F 24 , F 26 , F 27 , and F 30 generations. The 7 tested strains exhibited pesticide resistance that was 25.25 to 87.83 times higher than that of the SanYa strain. Moreover, the expression of the OBPjj7a (odorant-binding protein OBPjj7a), OBP28 (odorant-binding protein OBP28), and E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme) genes was positively correlated with deltamethrin resistance ( R 2 = 0.836, P = 0.011; R 2 = 0.788, P = 0.018; and R 2 = 0.850, P = 0.009, respectively) in Cx. quinquefasciatus. The expression of 4 additional genes, H/ACA, S19, SAR2, and PGRP, was not correlated with deltamethrin resistance. In summary, this study identified 3 Cx. quinquefasciatus genes with potential involvement in deltamethrin resistance, and these results may provide a theoretical basis for the control of mosquito resistance and insights into resistance detection.

Heat stress negatively affects the productivity of chickens in commercial poultry farms in humid tropics. In this study, the concentrations and types of the antioxidant compounds of eight Chinese herbal medicines, which have previously demonstrated promising effects on suppressing heat stress as a mixture, were investigated using reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography, spectrophotometry, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, and Gas-Liquid Chromatography. Our results provided the levels of phenolic compounds, total amounts of sugars, and total unsaturated fatty acids in the herbal extracts. Apart from the detection and quantification of the active ingredients of herbs that have the potential to mitigate heat stress in poultry, results of this study also provide useful data for developing an efficient and accurate formulation of the herbs' mixtures in order to induce positive effects against heat stress in in vivo studies.

By using artificial soil test, the effects of different concentration albendozole on Eisenia foetida's growth, survival, reproduction, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-sulfurtransferase (GST-S) and acetylcholine esterase (AchE) were studied. Low concentration (5 mg x kg(-1)) albendazole inhibited the reproduction of E. foetida significantly (P < 0.05), and 7 mg x kg(-1) of albendazole had significant effects on the growth and survival of E. foetida. When the albendazole concentration reached to 10 mg x kg(-1), the mortality of E. foetida was as high as 53%. There was a significant dose-response relationship between the exposure concentration of albendazole and the inhibition rate of E. foetida's growth and reproduction. After 21 days' albendazole exposure, the SOD and GST-S activities were affected significantly, but no significant dose-response relationship was observed. Albendazole exposure had less effects on AchE activity. In sum, albendazole had direct toxicity on soil animals, with a potential ecological risk.