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Este artículo plantea una reflexión sobre la vulnerabilidad y el fuego en la historia urbana latinoamericana. En primer lugar, se hace un recorrido historiográfico que permite constatar la necesidad e importancia actual de incorporar los estudios del fuego a la historia urbana de la región. Efectivamente, queda claro que el fuego ha sido un tema de estudio prácticamente inexplorado en la literatura científica de la región. Enseguida, se hace una aproximación teórica al fuego y su importancia para la reflexión histórica. Esta permite constatar que comprender la historia del fuego es un aporte importante para la historia urbana. Además, se resaltan los principales desafíos para estudiar el fuego desde una perspectiva simultáneamente histórica y latinoamericana. Por último, se desarrolla una reflexión que incorpora una propuesta epistemológica para asociar el fuego a los estudios de riesgos y vulnerabilidades. Así, se logra demostrar que la relación particular entre fuego y ciudad ayuda a comprender los procesos históricos de producción de vulnerabilidades desiguales en América latina

Summary: Rho GTPases are molecular switches regulating multiple cellular processes. To investigate the role of RhoA in normal intestinal physiology, we used a conditional mouse model overexpressing a dominant negative RhoA mutant (RhoAT19N) in the intestinal epithelium. Although RhoA inhibition did not cause an overt phenotype, increased levels of nuclear β-catenin were observed in the small intestinal epithelium of RhoAT19N mice, and the overexpression of multiple Wnt target genes revealed a chronic activation of Wnt signaling. Elevated Wnt signaling in RhoAT19N mice and intestinal organoids did not affect the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells but significantly interfered with their differentiation. Importantly, 17-month-old RhoAT19N mice showed a significant increase in the number of spontaneous intestinal tumors. Altogether, our results indicate that RhoA regulates the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells and inhibits tumor initiation, likely through the control of Wnt signaling, a key regulator of proliferation and differentiation in the intestine.

En este artículo se realiza un análisis sobre la representación fotográfica del terremoto que afectó a la ciudad de Valparaíso en 1906. La investigación propone que la utilización de fotografías en prensa, así también en tarjetas postales y álbumes, dio paso a la creación de nuevos tipos de relatos sobre el terremoto desde la visualidad y la cercanía a la vivencia del sismo en las calles. La investigación se basó en un amplio trabajo documental realizado en diferentes tipos de archivos de Santiago y Valparaíso. La documentación recuperada fue analizada a partir de observaciones iconográficas e iconológicas que permitieron hacer una selección y análisis en profundidad de las imágenes fotográficas. Este artículo se estructura en dos partes: en primer lugar, se analiza la utilización de la fotografía en la prensa y, en segundo lugar, se observa el uso de fotografías del terremoto en otros objetos visuales, como álbumes y tarjetas postales. Así, esta forma de representación visual fue una herramienta técnica propia de la modernidad industrial que, a su vez, contribuyó en la transformación de relatos sociales y culturales para registrar y comprender los desastres.

Abstract Objective This is a comprehensive characteristic study of Kawasaki disease (KD) and Multi system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the Middle East that creates a formula to differentiate between the two. Methods We conducted a descriptive comparative study of KD and MIS-C in the United Arab Emirates. Retrospective MIS-C and KD cohorts were recruited between January 2017 until August 2021.We compared clinical and laboratory characteristics between both groups. Our data were compared with 87 patients with KD or MIS-C from the literature. Results We report on123 patients. Sixty-seven (54%) met the criteria for KD (36 male, 43 Arab), and fifty-six (46%) met the criteria for MIS-C (28 male, 35 Arab). The median age was 2.2 years range (0.15–10.7) in the KD group and 7.3 years (0.7–15.2) in the MIS-C group (P

Este artículo analiza la relación entre la arquitectura en madera y el riesgo de incendio en la historia de Valparaíso. Se plantea que el auge comercial y económico de la ciudad-puerto favoreció la construcción en madera y a su vez generó un panorama inflamable que contribuyó al desarrollo de una noción local de riesgo de incendio. Asimismo, los resultados de la investigación demostraron que el manejo del riesgo de incendio requirió de medidas de mitigación que se fueron instalando progresiva pero desigualmente en la ciudad. Éstas, además, resultaron en nuevas técnicas de construcción desarrolladas por habitantes y constructores locales y que correspondían con las capacidades económicas de sus dueños y con las dinámicas comerciales de la ciudad. Por último, el artículo se interesa por la disponibilidad de la madera en la ciudad y demuestra los vínculos y fracturas que generaba construir con base en un material importado.

Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade reaches remarkable clinical responses. However, even in the most favorable cases, half of these patients do not benefit from these therapies in the long term. It is hypothesized that the activation of host immunity by co‐delivering peptide antigens, adjuvants, and regulators of the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β expression using a polyoxazoline (POx)‐poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanovaccine, while modulating the tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) function within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and blocking the anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) can constitute an alternative approach for cancer immunotherapy. POx‐Mannose (Man) nanovaccines generate antigen‐specific T‐cell responses that control tumor growth to a higher extent than poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐Man nanovaccines. This anti‐tumor effect induced by the POx‐Man nanovaccines is mediated by a CD8+‐T cell‐dependent mechanism, in contrast to the PEG‐Man nanovaccines. POx‐Man nanovaccine combines with pexidartinib, a modulator of the TAM function, restricts the MC38 tumor growth, and synergizes with PD‐1 blockade, controlling MC38 and CT26 tumor growth and survival. This data is further validated in the highly aggressive and poorly immunogenic B16F10 melanoma mouse model. Therefore, the synergistic anti‐tumor effect induced by the combination of nanovaccines with the inhibition of both TAM‐ and PD‐1‐inducing immunosuppression, holds great potential for improving immunotherapy outcomes in solid cancer patients.

In this article I analyze the circulation of experts and the creation and discussion of reconstruction projects after the 1944 San Juan earthquake and the 1947 fire in Tumaco. Furthermore, I observe the work developed as it has an effect in the professional’s involvement and the politician’s participation in planning processes. The comparison allows an exploration of the convergences and divergences originated by similar events but developed by actors with different trajectories and objectives. This paper uses urbanism journals and personal correspondence. It shows the circulation of professionals, the development and use of project divulgation mechanisms, and the use of reconstruction proposals for the attainment and consolidation of political objectives.

Slow-release delivery systems are needed to ensure long-term sustained treatments for retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, which are currently treated with anti-angiogenic agents that require frequent intraocular injections. These can cause serious co-morbidities for the patients and are far from providing the adequate drug/protein release rates and required pharmacokinetics to sustain prolonged efficacy. This review focuses on the use of hydrogels, particularly on temperature-responsive hydrogels as delivery vehicles for the intravitreal injection of retinal therapies, their advantages and disadvantages for intraocular administration, and the current advances in their use to treat retinal diseases.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after COVID-19 has been recognized as a complication arising due to cytokine storm. Several management strategies including intravenous immunoglobulin and immunomodulators have been reported. This case report highlights the use of a cytokine filter (oXiris®) in the management of MIS-C. Cytokine filters eliminate cytokines and reduce the demand for vasopressors in patients with other inflammatory conditions. A 7-year-old child with prolonged fever, vomiting, hypotension, elevated inflammatory mediators, and dilatation of coronary arteries on echocardiography was found to have positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG and PCR. He was diagnosed as MIS-C and was managed in the pediatric intensive care unit. He required ventilatory support, vasopressors, and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with a cytokine filter. He showed marked improvement within 24 hours of initiating CRRT. Cytokine filters may have a potential role in the management of severely ill children due to MIS-C. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful use of the oXiris® membrane in MIS-C. However, further case series and controlled trials are needed to establish its use in this condition.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent about 80% of the mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Most GISTs contain oncogenic KIT (85%) or PDGFRA (5%) receptors. The kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate is the preferential treatment for these tumors; however, the development of drug resistance has highlighted the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Recently, we reported that the adaptor molecule SH3 Binding Protein 2 (SH3BP2) regulates KIT expression and signaling in human mast cells. Our current study shows that SH3BP2 is expressed in primary tumors and cell lines from GIST patients and that SH3BP2 silencing leads to a downregulation of oncogenic KIT and PDGFRA expression and an increase in apoptosis in imatinib‐sensitive and imatinib‐resistant GIST cells. The microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), involved in KIT expression in mast cells and melanocytes, is expressed in GISTs. Interestingly, MITF is reduced after SH3BP2 silencing. Importantly, reconstitution of both SH3BP2 and MITF restores cell viability. Furthermore, SH3BP2 silencing significantly reduces cell migration and tumor growth of imatinib‐sensitive and imatinib‐resistant cells in vivo. Altogether, SH3BP2 regulates KIT and PDGFRA expression and cell viability, indicating a role as a potential target in imatinib‐sensitive and imatinib‐resistant GISTs.

Development of RNA interference-based therapies with appropriate therapeutic window remains a challenge for advanced cancers. Because cancer stem cells (CSC) are responsible of sustaining the metastatic spread of the disease to distal organs and the progressive gain of resistance of advanced cancers, new anticancer therapies should be validated specifically for this subpopulation of cells. A new amphihilic-based gene delivery system that combines Pluronic® F127 micelles with polyplexes spontaneously formed by electrostatic interaction between anionic siRNA and cationic polyethylenimine (PEI) 10K, was designed (PM). Resultant PM gather the requirements for an efficient and safe transport of siRNA in terms of its physicochemical characteristics, internalization capacity, toxicity profile and silencing efficacy. PM were loaded with a siRNA against AKT2, an important oncogene involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis, with a special role in CSC malignancy. Efficacy of siAKT2-PM was validated in CSC isolated from two breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7 and Triple Negative MDA-MB-231 corresponding to an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. In both cases, we observed significant reduction on cell invasion capacity and strong inhibition of mammosphere formation after treatment. These results prompt AKT2 inhibition as a powerful therapeutic target against CSC and pave the way to the appearance of more effective nanomedicine-based gene therapies aimed to prevent CSC-related tumor recurrence.

Abstract The ERK signalling pathway regulates key cell fate decisions in the intestinal epithelium and is frequently dysregulated in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Variations in the dynamics of ERK activation can induce different biological outcomes and are regulated by multiple mechanisms, including activation of negative feedback loops involving transcriptional induction of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs). We have found that the nuclear ERK-selective phosphatase DUSP5 is downregulated in colorectal tumours and cell lines, as previously observed in gastric and prostate cancer. The DUSP5 promoter is methylated in a subset of CRC cell lines and primary tumours, particularly those with a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). However, this epigenetic change alone could not account for reduced DUSP5 expression in CRC cells. Functionally, DUSP5 depletion failed to alter ERK signalling or proliferation in CRC cell lines, and its transgenic overexpression in the mouse intestine had minimal impact on normal intestinal homeostasis or tumour development. Our results suggest that DUSP5 plays a limited role in regulating ERK signalling associated with the growth of colorectal tumours, but that methylation the DUSP5 gene promoter can serve as an additional means of identifying CIMP-high colorectal cancers.

We are reporting a case of pyrethroid poisoning with atypical presentation in a 21-month-old toddler who was transferred to us from a peripheral center. Signs and symptoms at presentation were predominantly of cardiopulmonary dysfunction contrary to more common presenting features of gastrointestinal and neurological impairment. The reason for this seems to be the aspiration pneumonitis as a consequence of vomiting induced by parents at home, rather than the toxin itself even though a rather rapid progression of lung injury does not rule out the possibility. He had developed decreased level of consciousness and increased work of breathing after ingestion, which had progressed to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, septic shock, and multi organ failure. He even had a brief cardiac arrest with Return of Spontaneous Circulation after 5 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, immediately after arrival at our unit, which seemed more likely to be a consequence of inappropriate management during transfer of the child. In addition to antibiotics and vasopressors, he required high frequency oscillatory ventilation and prone positioning initially, and lung-protective conventional ventilation later. His cardiopulmonary status improved gradually and he was successfully extubated after 12 days. Other organ systems also showed complete recovery. Even though Magnetic Resonance Imaging of brain done a few days after cardiac arrest showed features suggestive of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy he showed complete neurological recovery. He was thriving well at three-month follow-up with no neurological deficits, good exercise tolerance, and normal renal and liver function. Atypical presentation of pyrethroid poisoning is associated with significant morbidities and there seems to no reliable parameters in children to identify the risk of the same. Considering that there is no specific antidote, prompt, and aggressive supportive therapy is necessary for a favorable outcome. This case highlights several important aspects in the care of the pediatric patient after ingestion of insecticides. First, attempt to induce emesis, especially outside of a healthcare facility is not only ineffective but also highly dangerous, and should not be done. Second, unstable patients require inter and intrahospital transfer by experienced and trained personnel; and lastly, management for these complex and atypical cases should be done as early as possible in a center which is equipped to provide high level of circulatory and ventilatory support while prioritizing neuro-protective measures, and neurologic recovery and rehabilitation.

Whole genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies have led to the identification of many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and stimulated the research of their role in health and disease. LncRNAs participate in the regulation of critical signaling pathways including cell growth, motility, apoptosis, and differentiation; and their expression has been found dysregulated in human tumors. Thus, lncRNAs have emerged as new players in the initiation, maintenance and progression of tumorigenesis. PVT1 (plasmacytoma variant translocation 1) lncRNA is located on chromosomal 8q24.21, a large locus frequently amplified in human cancers and predictive of increased cancer risk in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Combined, colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas are the most frequent tumor malignancies and also the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. PVT1 expression is elevated in gastrointestinal tumors and correlates with poor patient prognosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action underlying PVT1 oncogenic role in colorectal and gastric cancer such as MYC upregulation, miRNA production, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) function, protein stabilization, and epigenetic regulation. We also illustrate the potential role of PVT1 as prognostic biomarker and its relationship with resistance to current chemotherapeutic treatments.

Recycling endosomes regulate plasma membrane recycling. Recently, recycling endosome-associated proteins have been implicated in the positioning and orientation of the mitotic spindle and cytokinesis. Loss of MYO5B, encoding the recycling endosome-associated myosin Vb, is associated with tumor development and tissue architecture defects in the gastrointestinal tract. Whether loss of MYO5B expression affects mitosis is not known. Here, we demonstrate that loss of MYO5B expression delayed cytokinesis, perturbed mitotic spindle orientation, led to the misorientation of the plane of cell division during the course of mitosis, and resulted in the delamination of epithelial cells. Remarkably, the effects on spindle orientation, but not cytokinesis, were a direct consequence of physical hindrance by giant late endosomes, which were formed in a chloride channel-sensitive manner concomitant with a redistribution of chloride channels from the cell periphery to late endosomes upon loss of MYO5B. Rab7 availability was identified as a limiting factor for the development of giant late endosomes. In accordance, increasing rab7 availability corrected mitotic spindle misorientation and cell delamination in cells lacking MYO5B expression. In conclusion, we identified a novel role for MYO5B in the regulation of late endosome size control and identify the inability to control late endosome size as an unexpected novel mechanism underlying defects in cell division orientation and epithelial architecture.

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la tesis doctoral de Carlos Martínez, titulada Contribution à une étude d’urbanisation de Bogotá, Colombie. Para esto, se propone una lectura crítica del documento, en la cual, se toman en cuenta tanto sus bases epistemológicas, como su propuesta metodológica. Así, el artículo se divide en tres partes. En primer lugar, se estudian las características principales de la argumentación de Martínez, haciendo hincapié en la estructura y en los objetivos principales de su texto. Luego, se hace énfasis en su aproximación epistemológica a la noción de historia en la disciplina del urbanismo, resaltando la tensión teórica que se genera entre los planteamientos de Poëte y de Le Corbusier. Por último, se sitúa la propuesta de Martínez en la configuración profesional e histórica colombiana.

Este libro compila once capítulos de historia urbana sobre distintos espacios del mundo articulados, principalmente, alrededor de la dimensión política de las formas urbanas. Uno de los principales desafíos a los cuales se enfrentan los autores, y en especial el editor de la colección, Francisco Colom González, es el de garantizar la coherencia general del libro. Pues, cabe anotar, se propone un recorrido por la historia urbana que va desde la Roma antigua, las medinas islámicas, las ciudades renacentistas de Castilla, los espacios del poder en Venecia, hasta la historia contemporánea de ciudades en Latinoamérica. La perspectiva global asumida puede constituir un aporte para la producción de conocimiento nuevo, e igualmente puede generar pistas metodológicas para la comprensión de las problemáticas urbanas en la historiografía.

The search for an ideal gene delivery system is a long and laborious process in which several factors from the first idea to final formulation, including main challenges, peaks and troughs, should be deeply taken into consideration to ensure adequate biological safety and in vivo efficacy endpoints. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5), a crucial player related with cancer development and in particular with cancer stem cells malignancy. In this work we describe the process behind the development of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system to inhibit ALOX5 in cancer stem cells (CSC), as a model target gene. We started by screening chitosan polyplexes, among different types of chitosan in different complexation conditions. Due to the low silencing efficacy obtained, chitosan polyplexes were combined with Pluronic®-based polymeric micelles with recognized advantages regarding gene transfection. We tested different types of polymeric particles to improve the biological efficacy of chitosan polyplexes. Nevertheless, limited transfection efficiency was still detected. The well-established polyethyleneimine (PEI) cationic polymer was used in substitution of chitosan, in combination with polymeric micelles, originating PEI-siRNA-Pluronic® systems. The presence of Pluronic® F127 in the formulation showed to be of utmost importance because not only the silencing activity of the polyplexes was improved, but also PEI-associated toxicity was clearly reduced. This, allowed to increase the amount of PEI inside the system and its overall efficacy. Indeed, different types of PEI, N/P ratios and preparation methods were tested until an optimal formulation composed by PEI 10k branched-based polyplexes at an N/P ratio of 50 combined with micelles of Pluronic® F127 was selected. This combined micelle presented adequate technological properties, safety profile, and biological efficacy, resulting in high ALOX5 gene silencing and strong reduction of invasion and transformation capabilities of a stem cell subpopulation isolated from MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells. [READ ARTICLE](https://precisionnanomedicine.com/article/6489)

There are remarkable similarities in the description of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer cells with mesenchymal phenotype. Both cell types are highly tumorigenic, resistant against common anticancer treatment, and thought to cause metastatic growth. Moreover, cancer cells are able to switch between CSC and non-CSC phenotypes and vice versa, to ensure the necessary balance within the tumor. Likewise, cancer cells can switch between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes via well-described transition (EMT/MET) that is thought to be crucial for tumor propagation. In this review, we discuss whether, and to which extend, the CSCs and mesenchymal cancer cells are overlapping phenomena in terms of mechanisms, origin, and implication for cancer treatment. As well, we describe the dynamism of both phenotypes and involvement of the tumor microenvironment in CSC reversion and in EMT.

Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 2 (SMC2) is a central component of the condensin complex involved in DNA supercoiling, an essential process for embryonic stem cell survival. SMC2 over-expression has been related with tumorigenesis and cancer malignancy and its inhibition is regarded as a potential therapeutic strategy even though no drugs are currently available. Here, we propose to inhibit SMC2 by intracellular delivery of specific antibodies against the SMC2 protein. This strategy aims to reduce cancer malignancy by targeting cancer stem cells (CSC), the tumoral subpopulation responsible of tumor recurrence and metastasis. In order to prevent degradation and improve cellular internalization, anti-SMC2 antibodies (Ab-SMC2) were delivered by polymeric micelles (PM) based on Pluronic® F127 amphiphilic polymers. Importantly, scaffolding the Ab-SMC2 onto nanoparticles allowed its cellular internalization and highly increased its efficacy in terms of cytotoxicity and inhibition of tumorsphere formation in MDA-MB-231 and HCT116 breast and colon cancer cell lines, respectively. Moreover, in the case of the HCT116 cell line G1, cell-cycle arrest was also observed. In contrast, no effects from free Ab-SMC2 were detected in any case. Further, combination therapy of anti-SMC2 micelles with paclitaxel (PTX) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was also explored. For this, PTX and 5-FU were respectively loaded into an anti-SMC2 decorated PM. The efficacy of both encapsulated drugs was higher than their free forms in both the HCT116 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Remarkably, micelles loaded with Ab-SMC2 and PTX showed the highest efficacy in terms of inhibition of tumorsphere formation in HCT116 cells. Accordingly, our data clearly suggest an effective intracellular release of antibodies targeting SMC2 in these cell models and, further, strong cytotoxicity against CSC, alone and in combined treatments with Standard-of-Care drugs.

El objetivo de este artículo es comparar las transformaciones institucionales acontecidas en los gobiernos de Bogotá y Buenos Aires que sirvieron de bases para desarrollar el urbanismo moderno de los Congresos Internacionales de Arquitectura Moderna, CIAM. Se busca analizar un periodo en el cual tanto en Argentina como en Colombia ocurrieron acontecimientos políticos fundamentales –el surgimiento del peronismo en el primer caso y el inicio del período conocido como la Violencia en el segundo– en relación con el establecimiento de una nueva forma de pensar la ciudad. El corpus documental de este artículo está compuesto principalmente por documentación oficial como Acuerdos, Decretos y Leyes. Lo cual permite entender de primera mano cómo se reorganizaron los aparatos gubernamentales para dar cabida a esta nueva doctrina. Esta historia busca comprender cómo se articulan los espacios institucionales en ciudades capitales con los desarrollos profesionales de un urbanismo internacional.Palabras clave: Bogotá – Buenos Aires – historia institucional – urbanismo.

Trata-se da introdução ao dossiê.

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar dos proyectos de urbanismo desarrollados simultáneamente, durante los años veinte en las ciudades de Bogotá y Buenos Aires. Bogotá Futuro y el Proyecto Orgánico para la urbanización del Municipio de Buenos Aires, son dos proyectos con características técnicas, formales, y bases teóricas divergentes, sin embargo, su puesta en marcha, en ambos casos generó un cambio similar en la manera de pensar la ciudad y sus problemas actuales y futuros. Este estudio utiliza una metodología comparativa cuyo objetivo es entender el desarrollo de procesos de pensamiento y acción en relación con los instrumentos sobre los cuales se basan. En ese sentido, este análisis nos permite ver cómo a partir de herramientas distintas dos sociedades urbanas con características sociales y políticas diferentes pueden generar cambios convergentes en sus mecanis­mos de transformación urbana. Finalmente, este artículo pretende contribuir a una historia urbana transnacional de América latina.

Se presentan los resultados sobre la destilación extractiva de mezclas etanol-agua con polialcohol PAW y las sales CaCl2 y KCOOCH3 disueltas en él, utilizando una relación volumétrica 1:1 de etanolagua a polialcohol y una concentración de 0.1 g/mL de sal en el polialcohol. Se encontró que el polialcohol PAW modificó el comportamiento azeotrópico de la mezcla etanolagua según el tipo de sal usada y que presenta ventajas respecto a otros agentes de separación anteriormente reportados, desde el punto de vista de manipulación, costos y grado de modificación del azeótropo agua-etanol. Se propone un proceso industrial de destilación extractiva con sales disueltas en polialcohol PAW, que podría competir con los métodos tradicionales para producir etanol absoluto; el cual modificaría las volatilidades relativas de la mezcla, mejorando la eficiencia de separación, disminuyendo el consumo de energía, tamaño y costo de equipos, evitando problemas de corrosión y manejo de sólidos frecuentes en otros procesos.

This article seeks to understand the processes of production, institutionalization and reception of urban projects in Bogotá in Colombia during the first half of the twentieth century. The paper reveals an analysis of the construction of a bureaucracy in the local government, followed by an exploration of the first urban projects and their reception. It concludes that during this period the institutional, social and political structures of the city created a complex urban planning system.