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Studying digital gender inequalities is a critical issue in education today. The so-called “digital gender divides” can exist not only in students’ access to and usage of ICT but also in their attitudes toward technology, digital knowledge, skills, and learning outcomes. Given that the extant body of research has mainly studied these divides in isolation and largely ignored their dependencies, we investigate how they relate to each other using large-scale data from multiple studies. Specifically, we analyzed the student data from the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) in 2013 and 2018 and synthesized the links between digital gender divides in digital skills and attitudes toward technology after controlling for divides in ICT access across studies. Our findings suggested that (a) girls had a higher performance than boys in digital skills (\beta = -0.11 to -0.29); (b) gender divides in attitudes toward technology partly explained the gender divides in digital skills; (c) significant variation across countries and the types of digital skills and attitudes existed. We conclude that attitudes toward technology are key predictors of the gender divides in digital skills and that the first- and second-level gender digital divides are connected.

The increasing availability of individual participant data (IPD) in the social sciences offers new possibilities to synthesize research evidence across primary studies. Two-stage IPD meta-analysis represents a framework that can utilize these possibilities. While most of the methodological research on two-stage IPD meta-analysis focused on its performance compared with other approaches, dealing with the complexities of the primary and meta-analytic data has received little attention, particularly when IPD are drawn from complex sampling surveys. Complex sampling surveys often feature clustering, stratification, and multistage sampling to obtain nationally or internationally representative data from a target population. Furthermore, IPD from these studies is likely to provide more than one effect size. To address these complexities, we propose a two-stage meta-analytic approach that generates model-based effect sizes in Stage 1 and synthesizes them in Stage 2. We present a sequence of steps, illustrate their implementation, and discuss the methodological decisions and options within. Given its flexibility to deal with the complex nature of the primary and meta-analytic data and its ability to combine multiple IPD sets or IPD with aggregated data, the proposed two-stage approach opens up new analytic possibilities for synthesizing knowledge from complex sampling surveys. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Fixed and growth mindsets represent implicit theories about the nature of one's abilities or traits. The existing body of research on academic achievement and the effectiveness of mindset interventions for student learning largely relies on the premise that fixed and growth mindsets are mutually exclusive. This premise has led to the common practice in which measures of one mindset are reversed and then assumed to represent the other mindset. Focusing on K-12 and university students (N = 27328), we tested the validity of this practice via a comprehensive item-level meta-analysis of the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS). By means of meta-analytic structural equation modeling and network analysis, we examined (a) the ITIS item-item correlations and their heterogeneity across 32 primary studies; (b) the factor structure of the ITIS, including the distinction between fixed and growth mindset; and (c) moderator effects of sample, study, and measurement characteristics. We found positive item-item correlations within the sets of fixed and growth mindset items, with substantial between-study heterogeneity. The ITIS factor structure comprised two moderately correlated mindset factors ( = 0.63–0.65), even after reversing one mindset scale. This structure was moderated by the educational level and origin of the student sample, the assessment mode, and scale modifications. Overall, we argue that fixed and growth mindsets are not mutually exclusive but correlated constructs. We discuss the implications for the assessment of implicit theories of intelligence in education.

Ovarian tumours in mares represent 2.5% to 6% of the most frequent neoplasms found in the equine species, with a higher chance of benignity. This study aims to describe a case of two different tumours found in the same ovary of a mare that presented clinical signs of suppressed oestrous cycle during 5 years. After unilateral ovariectomy, the ovary was sent to the histopathology examination which determined a mixed tumour of granulosa cell and leiomyosarcoma. After treatment, the mare returned to oestrus and got pregnant in the next season.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar e descrever os achados ultrassonográficos do útero de éguas gestantes de diferentes idades, de jumento e garanhão, utilizando a técnica de ultrassonografia Doppler Espectral, visando caracterizar os índices de resistência (RI) e pulsatilidade (PI) até 154 dias de gestação. Foram utilizadas 20 éguas em idade reprodutiva, sem raça definida. As avaliações foram realizadas nas artérias uterinas. Não foi constatada interação entre os valores de RI e PI obtidos nos cornos uterinos (que iniciaram ou não a gestação) com o tempo da gestação (P>0,05), desta forma os dados foram discutidos separadamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as avaliações de RI e PI quando comparado os cornos que iniciaram ou não a gestação (P>0,05). Verificou-se efeito de tempo (P0,05). As éguas gestantes de jumento apresentaram maior vascularização uterina no corno não gestante, que as éguas gestantes do garanhão. Com exceção do RI no lado não gravídico, foi verificado efeito de idade da fêmea sobre o lado da gestação (P0.05), thus, data were discussed separately. There were no differences between RI and PI evaluations when compared to the uterine horns that initiated or not the pregnancy (P>0.05). A time effect was observed (P0.05) on RI. Pregnant mares mated by asses presented higher uterine vascularization in non-pregnant horn than pregnant mares mated by stallions. With the exception of RI in non-pregnant horn, there was a female age effect on the side of pregnancy (P