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Abstract We study non-invertible topological symmetry operators in massive quantum field theories in (1+1) dimensions. In phases where this symmetry is spontaneously broken we show that the particle spectrum often has degeneracies dictated by the non-invertible symmetry and we deduce a procedure to determine the allowed multiplets. These degeneracies are robust predictions and do not require integrability or other special features of renormalization group flows. We exhibit these conclusions in examples where the spectrum is known, recovering soliton and particle degeneracies. For instance, the Tricritical Ising model deformed by the subleading ℤ2 odd operator flows to a gapped phase with two degenerate vacua. This flow enjoys a Fibonacci fusion category symmetry which implies a threefold degeneracy of its particle states, relating the mass of solitons interpolating between vacua and particles supported in a single vacuum.

Autonomy-supportive environments have been identified as predictors of students’ wellbeing and engagement. This paper aimed to examine the perception of learning climate and its predictive ability in the multidimensional wellbeing of university students. An associative and predictive approach was adopted, carried out through a cross-sectional study that included 295 students from a Chilean university. Participants completed a learning climate questionnaire and the PERMA-Profiler. Results indicated that students reported moderately high levels of wellbeing in general, with the dimensions of positive relationships, engagement, and purpose showing the highest scores. Regarding learning climate, responses indicated a mostly positive perception, with scores above the midpoint on the scale. No significant differences were found in wellbeing or perception of learning climate according to academic year. However, a significant interaction effect between gender and learning climate was found for overall multidimensional wellbeing, F(1, 286) = 4.67, p = 0.032, η2 = 0.016. Men in the high learning climate group showed higher wellbeing than women, while women in the low climate group outperformed men in the same group. Additionally, significant gender differences were observed in the engagement dimension, F(1, 286) = 11.23, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.033, with men in the high learning climate group reporting higher engagement, and women in the low learning climate group showing higher engagement than their male counterparts. Perception of learning climate explained a significant amount of the variance in all dimensions of wellbeing. These findings highlight the importance of promoting learning environments that foster autonomy and teacher support, and suggest that the learning climate may have different impacts on wellbeing depending on gender.

Positive psychology has introduced the concept of character strengths, which are positive traits fundamental to well-being and mental health. Research on university students has shown that these strengths impact psychoeducational variables and personal functioning, acting as a protective factor in the general and student populations. This study aims to analyze the predictive relationships between character strengths and general self-efficacy and determine their joint contribution in predicting academic self-efficacy. The study was quantitative, correlational-causal, and cross-sectional, using a non-probabilistic sample of 668 Venezuelan university students (68.86% women, average age of 20.52 years). The scales used are Growing Strong to measure character strengths, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Self-Efficacy Scale in Specific Academic Situations. All scales showed adequate psychometric properties. The mediation analysis revealed that leadership, hope, and persistence positively influence general and academic self-efficacy. Furthermore, general self-efficacy strongly impacts academic self-efficacy. In conclusion, character strengths are significant predictors of self-efficacy in university students. Promoting these strengths may be crucial to improving general and academic self-efficacy, suggesting the need to implement specific initiatives in higher education.

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare benign neoplasms that can occur anywhere in the body but are most commonly found in the head and neck region. These tumors are often asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered during routine rectal examination. In some cases, symptoms may include bleeding, pain, and a palpable mass. Imaging studies such as colonoscopy, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography can be used to characterize and measure the tumor. Treatment typically involves local resection, with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, depending on the size, location, and pathological characteristics of the tumor. The prognosis for GCTs of the anal canal is generally good, with few cases of recurrence or metastasis reported, but long-term follow-up is recommended due to the potential for late recurrence or malignant transformation. The present study reports a 39-year-old female patient who presented with anal itching associated with protrusion of a perianal mass and who underwent treatment between November 2022 and December 2023. The MRI scan revealed a nodular image in its caudal aspect with involvement of the internal sphincter between 12 and 5 o'clock, which was successfully resected. Histopathology was compatible with GCT, and the patient had a satisfactory recovery and was discharged. In conclusion, GCTs of the anal canal are rare and extremely unusual tumors that can be difficult to diagnose and manage, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management.

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar las condiciones laborales de quienes ejercen el periodismo en Colombia. Para ello se presentan los resultados de una encuesta realizada entre septiembre y diciembre de 2023 a 271 periodistas. Los datos evidencian las condiciones de precariedad e inestabilidad bajo las cuales trabajan los periodistas en el país, en las que las largas jornadas laborales y la falta de garantías caracterizan el trabajo de quienes ejercen la profesión. Los periodistas de municipios y regiones alejadas de los centros urbanos cuentan con peores condiciones y menores ingresos, lo cual afecta el tipo de información que se produce en esas zonas. Del total de periodistas encuestados, 127 manifiestan insatisfacción con sus condiciones laborales y más del 50 % estaría dispuesto a abandonar la profesión. Aunque la encuesta no es representativa ni refleja la situación de todos los periodistas del país, arroja datos valiosos para conocer e identificar las condiciones bajo las que se ejerce la profesión periodística en Colombia.

Abstract Background Primary care physicians often lack resources and training to correctly diagnose and manage chronic insomnia disorder. Tools supporting chronic insomnia diagnosis and management could fill this critical gap. A survey was conducted to understand insomnia disorder diagnosis and treatment practices among primary care physicians, and to evaluate a diagnosis and treatment algorithm on its use, to identify ways to optimize it specifically for these providers. Methods A panel of experts developed an algorithm for diagnosing and treating chronic insomnia disorder, based on current guidelines and experience in clinical practice. An online survey was conducted with primary care physicians from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, who treat chronic insomnia patients, between January and February 2023. A sub-sample of participants provided open-ended feedback on the algorithm and gave suggestions for improvements. Results Overall, 106 primary care physicians completed the survey. Half (52%, 55/106) reported they did not regularly screen for insomnia and half (51%, 54/106) felt they did not have enough time to address patients’ needs in relation to insomnia or trouble sleeping. The majority (87%,92/106) agreed the algorithm would help diagnose chronic insomnia patients and 82% (87/106) agreed the algorithm would help improve their clinical practice in relation to managing chronic insomnia. Suggestions for improvements were making the algorithm easier to read and use. Conclusion The algorithm developed for, and tested by, primary care physicians to diagnose and treat chronic insomnia disorder may offer significant benefits to providers and their patients through ensuring standardization of insomnia diagnosis and management.

Resumo Apesar dos avanços significativos no tratamento da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) e das reduções nas taxas de mortalidade anuais nas últimas décadas, a DAC continua sendo a principal causa de morte no mundo. Consequentemente, há uma necessidade contínua de esforços para abordar essa situação. Os algoritmos clínicos atuais para identificar pacientes em risco são particularmente imprecisos para indivíduos de risco moderado. Por esse motivo, foi sugerido que são necessários testes auxiliares, incluindo triagem genética preditiva. À medida que os estudos genéticos se expandem rapidamente e os dados genômicos se tornam mais acessíveis, diversos escores de risco genético têm sido propostos para identificar e avaliar a suscetibilidade de um indivíduo ao desenvolvimento de doenças, incluindo a DAC. De fato, o campo da genética tem contribuído substancialmente para a previsão de risco, particularmente nos casos em que as crianças têm genitores com DAC prematura, resultando em um risco aumentado de até 75%. Os escores de risco poligênico (PRSs, do inglês polygenic risk scores) surgiram como uma ferramenta potencialmente valiosa para compreender e estratificar o risco genético de um indivíduo. O PRS é calculado como uma soma ponderada de variantes de nucleotídeo único presentes em todo o genoma humano, identificáveis por meio de estudos de associação genômica ampla, e associadas a várias doenças cardiometabólicas. O uso dos PRSs é promissor, pois permite o desenvolvimento de estratégias personalizadas para prevenir ou diagnosticar patologias específicas de forma precoce. Ademais, seu uso é capaz de complementar os escores clínicos existentes, aumentando a precisão da previsão de risco individual. Consequentemente, a aplicação dos PRSs tem o potencial de impactar positivamente os custos e os desfechos adversos associados à DAC. A presente revisão narrativa oferece uma visão ampla do papel dos PRSs no contexto da DAC.

Objective To present a rare case of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a young pregnant woman.

Cuando se habla con el profesorado de la enseñanza básica existe una impresión para el caso del aprendizaje de las ciencias sociales, y de la geografía en particular de que estas ciencias no resultan útiles para la explicación de los problemas socio-ambientales y cotidianos. En esta investigación se buscan propuestas de mejora para que el alumnado este motivado para aprender sobre estos problemas. A partir de dos casos de estudio como son los riesgos de inundación (y su relación con el cambio climático) y los problemas del medio rural, se han explorado las posibilidades de combinar la motivación por el aprendizaje próximo a las emociones personales y con el rigor propio de la explicación conceptual. Para validar estos resultados se han utilizado técnicas de investigación cuantitativas y cualitativas, dentro de una muestra intencional que busca ofrecer resultados tendenciales para continuar con una línea de investigación orientada a la innovación escolar.

En los últimos años la investigación educativa ha analizado los factores que influyen en la generación de aprendizajes significativos y el desarrollo de la ciudadanía en escuelas rurales. Entre esos factores, la formación del profesorado es un elemento relevante en el desarrollo del aprendizaje del alumnado, dado que no existe una formación específica para ejercer la profesión docente en estos centros escolares. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la percepción que tiene el alumnado de educación primaria (quinto y sexto curso) sobre las experiencias didácticas de Aprendizaje en Servicio que han experimentado en el curso 2021-22 en Colegios Rurales Agrupados (CRA) de la Comunidad Valenciana. La investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental y transversal, de rango descriptivo-correlacional, que analiza las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para medir la percepción de 420 estudiantes acerca del APS aplicado en diez CRA de la Comunidad Valenciana. El instrumento “Escala de Percepción del Aprendizaje Servicio en Colegios Rurales Agrupados (E.P.A.S.C.R.A.)”, se ha diseñado y validado con la pretensión de medir las tres dimensiones del APS en relación a los proyectos educativos desarrollados en diez CRA de la Comunidad Valenciana. La escala ha mostrado óptimas cualidades psicométricas, lo que asegura su validez y confiabilidad. Los resultados revelan que existe una percepción moderada del Aprendizaje Servicio, con diferencias más significativas por cursos (quinto y sexto de educación primaria), lo que sugiere seguir investigando en este tipo de escuelas con otros enfoques metodológicos en los próximos años.

Advanced mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases are widely investigated in preclinical models. Mesenchymal stromal cells are well positioned as therapeutics because they address the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration, namely trophic factor deprivation and neuroinflammation. Most studies have focused on the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation on neuronal survival or functional improvement. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction between mesenchymal stromal cells and the host immune system due to the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells and the long-held belief of the immunoprivileged status of the central nervous system. Here, we review the crosstalk between mesenchymal stromal cells and the immune system in general and in the context of the central nervous system, focusing on recent work in the retina and the importance of the type of transplantation.

Taurine is considered a non-essential amino acid because it is synthesized by most mammals. However, dietary intake of taurine may be necessary to achieve the physiological levels required for the development, maintenance, and function of certain tissues. Taurine may be especially important for the retina. The concentration of taurine in the retina is higher than that in any other tissue in the body and taurine deficiency causes retinal oxidative stress, apoptosis, and degeneration of photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells. Low plasma taurine levels may also underlie retinal degeneration in humans and therefore, taurine administration could exert retinal neuroprotective effects. Taurine has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, immunomodulatory, and calcium homeostasis-regulatory properties. This review summarizes the role of taurine in retinal health and disease, where it appears that taurine may be a promising nutraceutical.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), commonly known as the domestic dog tick, is a globally distributed tick. This species plays a significant role in human and animal health, as well as in economy due to its ability to infest livestock. The use of shotgun metagenomics has proven valuable in identifying tick-borne pathogens and key members of the tick microbiome, including endosymbionts. However, the application of shotgun metagenomics in R. sanguineus s.l. ticks in Latin America remains largely unexplored. Therefore, our objective aimed to explore and further analyze the metagenome of the tropical lineage of R. sanguineus s.l. ticks in Colombia. Through our analysis, we identified the three most prevalent pathogens harbored by these ticks, namely: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Francisella tularensis, and Theileria equi. However, the most abundant microorganism detected was not a pathogen but the endosymbiont Coxiella mudrowiae. Interestingly, Coxiella mudrowiae exhibited significant negative correlations with several pathogens and other endosymbionts. Furthermore, we successfully constructed 27 medium-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) for this microorganism, enabling us to conduct a pangenome analysis by comparing them with available genomes and identifying proteins of interest, such as those involved in vitamin B synthesis. This study represents the first implementation of shotgun metagenomics as a methodology to expand our understanding of pathogens and endosymbionts in the circulating tropical lineage of R. sanguineus s.l. ticks in Colombia. The findings of this research serve as a foundation for the development of prevention and mitigation strategies against pathogens transmitted by this tick species. Information gained from this study can contribute to the improvement of public health measures and veterinary practices aimed at controlling the impact of tick-borne diseases.

Abstract Culturally dependent human social behaviours involving artificial light usage can potentially affect light pollution patterns and thereby impact the night‐time ecology in populated areas, although to date this has not been examined globally. By analysing continuous (monthly), highly resolved, spatially explicit data on global night lights (Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite–Day/Night Band‐VIIRS‐DNB; 2014–2019) with circular statistical techniques, we evaluated whether macro‐cultural activities involving social aggregations and the use of artificial lights shape annual lighting patterns globally. Scheduled routines associated with cultural‐specific festivities appear to be important drivers of observed seasonal patterns in urban night‐time lights. For instance, the display of Christmas lights between Christmas and Epiphany Day celebrations (December–January) coincides with the annual peak in urban night‐time light intensity in Christian countries. Analogously, night celebrations during the Holy Month of Ramadam (from May to July) or the month‐long period of Karthika Masam (from October to November) fits with annual night light peaks in Muslim and Hindu countries. Annual peaks of urban light intensity in China and Vietnam also match with Chinese and Vietnamese (Tê't) New Year celebrations (January–February). In contrast, predominantly Buddhist countries, which do not have such prominent and prolonged celebrations involving artificial lights, show a relatively uniform distribution of night light peaks throughout the annual cycle. Social behaviour and sociocultural contexts help explain how people modify the global nightscape and contribute to light pollution globally. Understanding the cultural contexts responsible for peaks in artificial light usage is an important first step if humans are to mitigate any deleterious effects associated with global increases in night‐time light pollution. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Aminoglycosides (AGs) represent a prominent class of antibiotics widely employed for the treatment of various bacterial infections. Their widespread use has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, highlighting the need for analytical methods that allow the simple and reliable determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. In this study, a simple, robust and easy-to-use analytical method for the simultaneous determination of five common aminoglycosides was developed with the aim to be widely applicable in routine laboratories. With this purpose, different approaches based on liquid chromatography with direct UV spectrophotometric detection methods were investigated: on the one hand, the use of stationary phases based on hydrophilic interactions (HILIC); on the other hand, the use of reversed-phases in the presence of an ion-pairing reagent (IP-LC). The results obtained by HILIC did not allow for an effective separation of aminoglycosides suitable for subsequent spectrophotometric UV detection. However, the use of IP-LC with a C18 stationary phase and a mobile phase based on tetraborate buffer at pH 9.0 in the presence of octanesulfonate, as an ion-pair reagent, provided adequate separation for all five aminoglycosides while facilitating the use of UV spectrophotometric detection. The method thus developed, IP-LC-UV, was optimized and applied to the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations with two or more aminoglycosides. Furthermore, it is demonstrated here that this methodology is also suitable for more complex matrices, such as serum, which expands its field of application to therapeutic drug monitoring, which is crucial for aminoglycosides, with a therapeutic index ca. 50%.

La responsabilidad por violación de derechos de propiedad intelectual tiene reglas especiales. Una de ellas se concreta en el sistema del triple cómputo. Este consiste en analizar tres variables para cuantificar la indemnización: los perjuicios patrimoniales, las ganancias percibidas por el infractor y el precio que este hubiera pagado por una licencia. En este artículo se evaluará la viabilidad de aplicarlo con carácter general, es decir, aplicarlo con base en el régimen común a cualquier hipótesis de responsabilidad.

ABSTRACT Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of foodborne pathogens throughout our food production chain is of utmost importance. In this study, we reveal that Salmonella Typhimurium can readily and reproducibly acquire vastly increased heat shock resistance upon repeated exposure to heat shock. Counterintuitively, this boost in heat shock resistance was invariantly acquired through loss-of-function mutations in the dnaJ gene, encoding a heat shock protein that acts as a molecular co-chaperone of DnaK and enables its role in protein folding and disaggregation. As a trade-off, however, the acquisition of heat shock resistance inevitably led to attenuated growth at 37°C and higher temperatures. Interestingly, loss of DnaJ also downregulated the activity of the master virulence regulator HilD, thereby lowering the fraction of virulence-expressing cells within the population and attenuating virulence in mice. By connecting heat shock resistance evolution to attenuation of HilD activity, our results confirm the complex interplay between stress resistance and virulence in Salmonella Typhimurium.IMPORTANCEBacterial pathogens such as Salmonella Typhimurium are equipped with both stress response and virulence features in order to navigate across a variety of complex inhospitable environments that range from food-processing plants up to the gastrointestinal tract of its animal host. In this context, however, it remains obscure whether and how adaptation to one environment would obstruct fitness in another. In this study, we reveal that severe heat stress counterintuitively, but invariantly, led to the selection of S. Typhimurium mutants that are compromised in the activity of the DnaJ heat shock protein. While these mutants obtained massively increased heat resistance, their virulence became greatly attenuated. Our observations, therefore, reveal a delicate balance between optimal tuning of stress response and virulence features in bacterial pathogens.

Agriculture is the main driver of the rapid collapse of biodiversity, upon which all life on Earth, including agricultural production, depends. As we face the challenge of feeding a growing human population under a changing climate regime, the pressure on biodiversity is expected to further intensify. While the potential to expand and improve natural habitats for biodiversity conservation has been widely explored in large-scale scenarios of agricultural systems, the critical role of agricultural landscapes’ management on halting the loss of biodiversity remains unexplored at this scale. We argue that, to achieve an effective conservation of biodiversity (both natural and agricultural), the combined multivariate effects of agriculture on biodiversity must be accounted for, including its surface area as well as its management. Based on a literature review, we identified the main biodiversity pressures stemming from agriculture: land-use change, contribution to climate change, water withdrawal, pesticide pollution, nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) pollution, and landscape and farm-scale simplification (of croplands and pastures). For each one, we proposed a critical boundary, based on reviews of studies covering a range of taxa, biodiversity metrics, and biomes, below or above which negative impacts on biodiversity are minimized or positive effects arise. Implemented simultaneously, the identified boundaries would integrate biodiversity conservation within and across farmlands and minimize agriculture’s far-reaching impacts on biodiversity. We present a framework called “agricultural boundaries for biodiversity” that will allow to explore the potential of developing agricultural systems that effectively reconcile food production and biodiversity conservation at large scales.

After over three decades of unsuccessful attempts, we report the first detection of molecular gas emission in Malin 1, the largest spiral galaxy observed to date, and one of the most iconic giant low surface brightness galaxies. Using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we detect significant ^12 CO ( J = 1–0) emission in the galaxy’s central region and tentatively identify CO emission across three regions on the disk. These observations allow for a better estimate of the H _2 mass and molecular gas mass surface density, both of which are remarkably low given the galaxy’s scale. By integrating data on its H i mass, we derive a very low molecular-to-atomic gas mass ratio. Overall, our results highlight the minimal presence of molecular gas in Malin 1, contrasting sharply with its extensive, homogeneous atomic gas reservoir. For the first time, we position Malin 1 on the Kennicutt–Schmidt diagram, where it falls below the main sequence for normal spirals, consistent with previous upper limits but now with more accurate figures. These findings are crucial for constraining our understanding of star formation processes in environments characterized by extremely low molecular gas densities and for refining models of galaxy formation, thereby improving predictions concerning the formation, evolution, and distribution of these giant, elusive galaxies.

Nosotros Proponemos es un proyecto de innovación surgido en Portugal y centrado en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales (Geografía e Historia) en la educación básica, que se ha extendido a otros países como Brasil, España, México, Perú, Colombia y Mozambique. El profesorado ha formado al alumnado en aprendizajes comprometidos con las problemáticas reales y con la participación activa en la ciudadanía mediante el constructivismo social, pero todavía no se ha investigado acerca de la formación de los docentes que participan en este proyecto. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las percepciones que tiene el profesorado de educación secundaria que participa en ese proyecto, acerca de las ciencias sociales (Geografía e Historia) y la enseñanza de los problemas sociales con una metodología de aprendizaje-servicio. De tipo cuantitativo, esta recoge las respuestas de 136 docentes de tres países iberoamericanos (Portugal, Brasil y España) acerca de sus percepciones sobre aspectos que se desarrollan en ese proyecto (currículo, evaluación, materiales curriculares, salidas de campo y trabajo por proyectos) y que orientan la enseñanza sobre problemas sociales. Los resultados indican un contraste entre el interés manifestado por trabajar con esta metodología en torno a la enseñanza de problemas sociales y los elementos que obstaculizan el proceso de desarrollo de este proyecto en los centros escolares. Una de las limitaciones halladas es la falta de comparación de los resultados con los de otros países iberoamericanos que participan en este proyecto.

Flamenco was essential to cultural and political discourses in Spain during Late-Francoism and the first years of the Transition to Democracy. Based on hemerographic sources, this paper examines the presence of flamenco in four popular music magazines of that period, analyzing its position as a negotiated music genre since it was understood as traditional music, political song or protest folk, and also as popular music. The first section explores several press references about palos -music styles in flamenco- that show an idea of flamenco as an “immutable” music tradition. After that, the relationship between protest flamenco by Gerena, Morente, or Menese with folk music and the idea of the social protest song is studied. In a third step, it considers how some relevant figures of flamenco guitar, such as Paco de Lucía and Manolo Sanlúcar, are represented by popularization strategies related to popular music narratives. In the epilogue, I argue how this dimension of flamenco as a music genre in constant negotiation articulates several discourses of authenticity related to culture and politics during Late Francoism and the Transition to Democracy.

Background The management of acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation remains controversial. Recently, anatomic coracoclavicular (CC) fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons has shown promising results. This study aimed to evaluate functional and radiological outcomes in patients with high-grade AC joint dislocation treated with anatomic CC fixation using double clavicular tunnels and three flip-buttons. Methods A retrospective, unicentric study was performed. The study included patients with high-grade AC joint dislocation who underwent surgery with anatomic CC fixation using double clavicular tunnels and three flip-buttons. Demographic data were obtained from medical records. A functional evaluation using subjective shoulder value (SSV), visual analog scale (VAS), and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaires was performed, and an evaluation of preoperative and postoperative comparative Zanca view images was performed. Factors associated with functional outcomes and radiological AC reduction were analyzed. Results A total of 83 patients completed follow-up and were included in the analysis. The mean SSV, VAS, and DASH scores were 92.8, 0.8, and 6.4, respectively. Patients who had complications experienced significantly worse functional outcomes (DASH: P=0.037). Suboptimal final AC reduction was observed in nine patients (11.1%), and significantly more frequently in patients older than 40 years (P=0.031) and in surgeries performed more than 7 days after injury (P=0.034). There were two reoperations (2.4%). Conclusions Anatomic CC fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons leads to good functional outcomes, low complication rates, and high rates of optimal AC reduction. Conclusions Anatomic CC fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons leads to good functional outcomes, low complication rates, and high rates of optimal AC reduction. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.

Abstract Alpha-protein kinase 1 (ALPK1) is a pathogen recognition receptor that detects ADP-heptose (ADPH), a lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis intermediate, recently described as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern in Gram-negative bacteria. ADPH binding to ALPK1 activates its kinase domain and triggers TIFA phosphorylation on threonine 9. This leads to the assembly of large TIFA oligomers called TIFAsomes, activation of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, mutations in ALPK1 are associated with inflammatory syndromes and cancers. While this kinase is of increasing medical interest, its activity in infectious or non-infectious diseases remains poorly characterized. Here, we use a non-radioactive ALPK1 in vitro kinase assay based on the use of ATPγS and protein thiophosphorylation. We confirm that ALPK1 phosphorylates TIFA T9 and show that T2, T12 and T19 are also weakly phosphorylated by ALPK1. Interestingly, we find that ALPK1 itself is phosphorylated in response to ADPH recognition during Shigella flexneri and Helicobacter pylori infection and that disease-associated ALPK1 mutants exhibit altered kinase activity. In particular, T237M and V1092A mutations associated with ROSAH syndrome and spiradenoma/spiradenocarcinoma respectively, exhibit enhanced ADPH-induced kinase activity and constitutive assembly of TIFAsomes. Altogether, this study provides new insights into the ADPH sensing pathway and disease-associated ALPK1 mutants.

Doñana National Park is located in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, where water scarcity is recurrent, together with a high heterogeneity in species and ecosystems. Monitoring carbon assimilation is essential to improve knowledge of global change in natural vegetation cover. In this work, a light use efficiency (LUE) model was applied to estimate gross primary production (GPP) in two ecosystems of Doñana, xeric shrub (drought resistant) and seasonal marsh (with grasslands dependent on water hydroperiod) and validated with in situ data from eddy covariance (EC) towers installed in both ecosystems. The model was applied in two ways: (1) using the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) from Sentinel-2 and meteorological data from reanalysis (ERA5), and (2) using Sentinel-2 FAPAR, reanalysis solar radiation (ERA5) and the Sentinel-2 land surface water index (LSWI). In both cases and for both ecosystems, the error values are acceptable (below 1 gC/m2) and in both ecosystems the model using the LSWI gave better results (R2 of 0.8 in marshes and 0.51 in xeric shrubs). The results also show a greater influence of the water status of the system than of the meteorological variables in this area.

MV140 is an inactivated whole-cell bacterial mucosal vaccine with proven clinical efficacy against recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). These infections are primarily caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains, which are unique in their virulence factors and remarkably diverse. MV140 contains a non-UPEC strain, suggesting that it may induce an immune response against different UPEC-induced UTIs in patients. To verify this, we experimentally evaluated the cellular and humoral responses to UTI89, a prototypical UPEC strain, in mice vaccinated with MV140, as well as the degree of protection achieved in a UPEC UTI89 model of acute cystitis. The results show that both cellular (Th1/Th17) and antibody (IgG/IgA) responses to UTI89 were induced in MV140-immunized mice. MV140 vaccination resulted in an early increased clearance of UTI89 viable bacteria in the bladder and urine following transurethral infection. This was accompanied by a highly significant increase in CD4+ T cells in the bladder and an increase in urinary neutrophils. Collectively, our results support that MV140 induces cross-reactive humoral and cellular immune responses and cross-protection against UPEC strains.

Con la propagación de la pandemia causada por el COVID-19, la pobreza aumentó en todo el mundo y con ello la desigualdad, siendo los países en vías de desarrollo, como el Ecuador, los que se vieron más afectados. En función de esta problemática, este trabajo se desarrolló con el objetivo de analizar los efectos causados por el COVID-19 en la pobreza multidimensional de Ecuador, para lo cual se calculó el índice de pobreza multidimensional y se determinó la contribución absoluta de cada indicador de privación sobre el índice. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que Ecuador tuvo un incremento de 1,11 puntos en el índice de pobreza multidimensional entre 2019 y 2020, principalmente generado por el aumento del desempleo y el empleo inadecuado, por lo que se propone ahondar esfuerzos en la articulación e integración de las instituciones gubernamentales y de la sociedad civil para garantizar la plena cobertura de la asistencia social, así como fortalecer los pisos de protección social existentes en Ecuador.

Este trabajo analiza las interacciones entre música, alimentación e imaginario de Andalucía en la publicidad audiovisual, haciendo énfasis en el carácter multifocal de la representación sonora del “sur” como territorio. Empleando el análisis musical intertextual como herramienta para la conexión del hecho sonoro con los discursos y prácticas culturales, se examinan cinco estudios de caso de anuncios comprendidos entre 1997 y 2018 que ilustran, con sus rupturas y continuidades, tres estrategias diferentes de significación de Andalucía a través de productos como el aceite, el jamón serrano o la cerveza: asimilación de estereotipos flamencos; uso de repertorios patrimonializados y fronterizos, como el rock andaluz; subversiones y resignificaciones del estereotipo andaluz, en una suerte de omnivoridad estilístico-musical enmarcada en un distanciamiento de las representaciones centradas en la hibridación flamenca. Este trabajo pretende, en último término, reflexionar sobre la disputa de la “música andaluza” como imaginario dinámico en la publicidad audiovisual sobre alimentación.

IntroductionIn recent years, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the entrance and development of university life has become a complex process, making it relevant to investigate which variables could facilitate the adaptation of young people to university. This study aimed to analyze academic emotions and their prediction of university adaptation and intention to drop out.MethodsThe study was quantitative, explanatory, and cross-sectional. A total of 295 university students participated. Academic emotions were assessed with the short version of The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire, adaptation to university life with the reduced version of the Student Adjustment to College Questionnaire, and intention to drop out with three items designed to measure this variable.ResultsDifferences were identified in the emotions experienced during classes and study by students according to the year of entry. We found that males report experiencing emotions such as enjoyment and hope more during evaluations.DiscussionGenerally, students report positive emotions in their academic experience. Positive emotions predict adaptation to university life and the intention to study.

Las fortalezas del carácter son rasgos de personalidad que se han relacionado con el bienestar, la salud mental y el rendimiento universitario eficaz. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el impacto de las fortalezas del carácter sobre el malestar emocional y la procrastinaón académica. Participaron 255 estudiantes de Psicología (71.37% mujeres) con una edad media de 21 años. El método de muestreo fue no probabilístico y se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Escala Creciendo Fuertes (fortalezas del carácter) Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés, y la Escala de Evaluación de la Procrastinación para Estudiantes. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas, la prueba U de Mann-Whitney y una regresión logística binaria. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las fortalezas del carácter y los niveles de procrastinación y malestar emocional entre géneros. Las regresiones sobre la capacidad predictiva de las fortalezas del carácter en relación con el malestar emocional revelan que prudencia, gratitud y amor pronostican significativamente los niveles bajos: creatividad, perspectiva, perseverancia, gratitud y humor resultaron ser predictores significativos para ansiedad, mientras que curiosidad, amabilidad, inteligencia social, gratitud y humor lo fueron para depresión. Sin embargo, ninguna de las fortalezas mostró una capacidad predictiva significativa para el estrés. En cuanto a la procrastinación académica, los resultados indican que liderazgo y autorregulación son factores significativos. Por lo tanto, se puede considerar que las fortalezas del carácter funcionan como factores de protección contra la procrastinación académica y síntomas de malestar emocional, lo que subraya la importancia de promoverlos en entornos universitarios.

ABSTRACTThe emergence of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern has changed the COVID-19 scenario as this variant is characterized by high transmissibility and immune evasion ability. To evaluate the impact of this variant on the Canary Islands (Spain) population, we determined the reinfection rates and disease severity associated with the Omicron sublineages and the previously circulating variants of concern. We performed a retrospective observational study on 21,745 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes collected from December 2020 to July 2022 in the Canary Islands (Spain). We compared the reinfection rates between lineages using pairwise proportion and Fisher’s exact tests. To assess disease severity, we studied the association of Alpha, Delta, BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and other risk factors on 28-day hospital mortality using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. We observed 127 bona fide reinfection cases throughout the study period. We found that BA.5 had the highest reinfection rate compared to other lineages (vs. Delta p = 2.89 × 10−25; vs. BA.1 p = 5.17 × 10−11; vs. BA.2 p = 0.002). Among the 1,094 hospitalized patients, multivariate logistic regression showed that Alpha (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.23-0.87, p = 0.02), BA.2 (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.22-0.63, p = 1.91 × 10−4), and BA.5 (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.16-0.55, p = 1.05 × 10−4) had lower 28-day hospital mortality compared to Delta. These results were confirmed by using Cox proportional hazard models. Omicron lineages, and in particular BA.5, were associated with higher reinfection rates and lower disease severity (28-day hospital mortality) than previously circulating variants of concern.

Abstract Background Older People Living with HIV (OPWH) combine both aging and HIV-infection features, resulting in ageism, stigma, social isolation, and low quality of life. This context brings up new challenges for healthcare professionals, who now must aid patients with a significant comorbidity burden and polypharmacy treatments. OPWH opinion on their health management is hardly ever considered as a variable to study, though it would help to understand their needs on dissimilar settings. Methods We performed a cross-sectional, comparative study including patients living with HIV aged ≥50 years old from multiple centers worldwide and gave them a survey addressing their perception on overall health issues, psychological problems, social activities, geriatric conditions, and opinions on healthcare. Data was analyzed through Chisquared tests sorting by geographical regions, age groups, or both. Results We organized 680 participants data by location (Center and South America [CSA], Western Europe [WE], Africa, Eastern Europe and Israel [EEI]) and by age groups (50- 55, 56-65, 66-75, >75). In EEI, HIV serostatus socializing and reaching undetectable viral load were the main problems. CSA participants are the least satisfied regarding their healthcare, and a great part of them are not retired. Africans show the best health perception, have financial problems, and fancy their HIV doctors. WE is the most developed region studied and their participants report the best scores. Moreover, older age groups tend to live alone, have a lower perception of psychological problems, and reduced social life. Conclusions Patients’ opinions outline region- and age-specific unmet needs. In EEI, socializing HIV and reaching undetectable viral load were the main concerns. CSA low satisfaction outcomes might reflect high expectations or profound inequities in the region. African participants results mirror a system where general health is hard to achieve, but HIV clinics are much more appealing to them. WE is the most satisfied region about their healthcare. In this context, age-specific information, education and counseling programs (i.e. Patient Reported Outcomes, Patient Centered Care, multidisciplinary teams) are needed to promote physical and mental health among older adults living with HIV/AIDS. This is crucial for improving health-related quality of life and patient’s satisfaction.

Tailor-made foods, also known as foods with programmable properties, are specialised systems with unique composition prepared by different methods, using the known mechanisms of action of their bioactive ingredients. The development of tailor-made foods involves the evaluation of individual components, including bioactive substances derived from waste products of other productions, such as essential oils. These components are evaluated both individually and in combination within food compositions to achieve specific functionalities. This review focuses on the application of minimal processing technologies for the production and preservation of tailor-made foods. It examines a range of approaches, including traditional and emerging technologies, as well as novel ingredients such as biomolecules from various sources and microorganisms. These approaches are combined according to the principles of hurdle technology to achieve effective synergistic effects that enhance food safety and extend the shelf life of tailor-made foods, while maintaining their functional properties. §Paper was presented at the 11th Central European Congress on Food and Nutrition CEFood2022, Čatež ob Savi, Slovenia, 27-30 September 2022

On July 23, 2022, monkeypox disease (mpox) was declared a Public Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to a multicountry outbreak. In Europe, several cases of mpox virus (MPXV) infection related to this outbreak were detected in the Canary Islands (Spain). Here we describe the combination of viral DNA sequencing and bioinformatic approaches, including methods for de novo genome assembly and short- and long-read technologies, used to reconstruct the first MPXV genome isolated in the Canary Islands on the 31st of May 2022 from a male adult patient with mild symptoms. The same sequencing and bioinformatic approaches were then validated with three other positive cases of MPXV infection from the same mpox outbreak. We obtained the best results using a reference-based approach with short reads, evidencing 46–79 nucleotide variants against viral sequences from the 2018–2019 mpox outbreak and placing the viral sequences in the new B.1 sublineage of clade IIb of the MPXV classification. This study of MPXV demonstrates the potential of metagenomics sequencing for rapid and precise pathogen identification.

La aplicación PhenoApp ha sido desarrollada en el marco de los proyectos eLTER Plus y SUMHAL, como una herramienta dirigida a científicos y gestores de los sitios integrados en la red eLTER, con la cual puede realizarse un seguimiento de la fenología a largo plazo de diferentes cubiertas vegetales. La aplicación proporciona un mapa dinámico, que permite la selección de cualquier sitio de la red y consultar las métricas fenológicas de cada píxel o grupo de píxeles generadas con la serie de imágenes Sentinel 2 usando las librerías de Python Ndvi2Gif y PhenoPY. La aplicación integra también los productos de fenología de MODIS (MCD12Q2.006) y de Copernicus Sentinel 2 High Resolution Vegetation Phenology Product (HR-VPP). Además, la aplicación incorpora un formulario que permite al usuario proporcionar los datos de fenología obtenidos in situ (mediante observación directa o fenocámaras), que se usarán para realizar una validación de los distintos productos obtenidos vía satélite. A modo de ejemplo, se muestra la validación efectuada en uno de los sitios de la red eLTER ubicado en el Espacio Natural de Doñana (END), usando como datos in situ los proporcionados por la red de fenocámaras instaladas en la Reserva Biológica de Doñana a partir de 2016, dentro del marco de la Infraestructura Científica y Técnica Singular de Doñana (ICTS-Doñana). Un análisis de validación preliminar pone de manifiesto la necesidad de considerar las discrepancias entre los distintos productos y métodos de acuerdo con la variabilidad fenológica inherente a cada ecosistema.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Inca muña phenolic antioxidants in the reduction of acrylamide (AA) in potato chips. The potatoes were cut into 2 mm thick slices, the addition of antioxidants was evaluated by immersion at atmospheric pressure and by vacuum impregnation (VI) at 80 kPa for 10 min. In both cases, two antioxidant concentrations were used (1 and 2 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE) mL-1) and times of 15, 30, 60 and 120 s. The greatest reduction of AA was obtained by VI with 1 mg GAE mL-1 for 120 s (67.4%) and 2 mg GAE mL-1 for 15 s (59.3%); while immersion at atmospheric pressure with 2 mg GAE mL-1 for 30 s and 60 s resulted in reductions of 50.8 and 50.9%, respectively. Besides, the addition of phenolics from Inca muña had no influence on the colour of potato chips. VI treatment resulted in increased amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in the potato chips being the most abundant phenolic compounds hesperidin and luteolin glucoside; while in the control samples phenolic corresponded to chlorogenic acid isomers.

Todas las personas necesitan apoyarse en elementos del contexto para desenvolverse por los entornos de manera autónoma. Esta necesidad se concreta en apoyos específicos cuando las personas tienen dificultades en comprensión permanentes o circunstanciales. Para que un contexto sea accesible universal y cognitivamente se emplean pictogramas para identificar los entornos. Estos pictogramas constituyen una señalética que debe ser validada por procesos estandarizados como describe la Normativa ISO-9186. El objetivo del estudio fue ampliar la base de pictogramas disponibles para la señalización de edificios y evaluar su diseño accesible. Los datos se recogieron por entrevista online y por formulario autocompletado online, en dos fases, la evaluación de la comprensibilidad y la translucidez, así como la calidad perceptual de los pictogramas. Un total de 1462 personas evaluaron la comprensión de los pictogramas y 270 su calidad perceptiva. Dicha muestra incluye participantes de diferentes colectivos y perfiles cognitivos. Se evaluaron 151 pictogramas y fueron 55 los seleccionados por cumplir criterios de comprensión, translucidez y calidad perceptiva. Este resultado supone una contribución relevante a las bases de pictogramas de uso público y privado existentes y aporta recursos señaléticos validados que pueden beneficiar a todas las personas facilitando la accesibilidad cognitiva en los espacios.

Abstract Inducing information and bi-polar preference-based weights allocation and relevant decision-making are one important branch of Yager’s decision theory. In the context of basic uncertain information environment, there exist more than one inducing factor and the relative importance between them should be determined. Some subjective methods require decision makers to indicate the bi-polar preference extents for each inducing factor as well as the relative importance between all the involved inducing factors. However, although the bi-polar preference extents for inducing factors can often be elicited, sometimes decision makers cannot provide the required relative importance. This work presents some approaches to address such problem in basic uncertain information environment. From the mere bi-polar preference extents offered by decision makers, we propose three methods, statistic method, distance method and linguistic variable method, to derive relative importance between different inducing factors, respectively. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages, and the third method serves as a trade-off between the first two methods. The rationale of preference and uncertainty involved evaluation is analyzed, detailed evaluation procedure is presented, and numerical example is given to illustrate the proposals.

Following the example of national pledges and strategies to tackle climate change, cities are mobilising themselves towards decarbonisation, playing a key role in the achievement of those commitments due to their relevance within national energy systems. However, despite cities ambitions, there is a need for coordinating the efforts from national and local scales in order to ensure the effective fulfilment of energy and climate goals at both levels. In this paper a method for the transposition of national energy planning to the local level is proposed based on the downscaling, adaptation, and allocation of specific targets and energy measures from the national plan to the city scale. The further modelling of downscaled national energy measures allows to quantify the reach of their impacts, thus supporting the establishment of realistic goals aligned with national ones and achieving the effective contribution of urban areas towards higher climate targets. The methodology is demonstrated through the downscaling and comparison of the measures from the Spanish national energy strategy with the ones included in the energy plan of the Spanish city of Valencia. A mismatch between the two is evidenced with some local measures outperforming the national plan, while others proving themselves insufficient. These results show that urban energy planners should consider the real capacities and competences of the city when setting energy measures and goals in accordance with national ones. A correct downscaling and modelling of the former are key in this work.

The aim of this study was to provide data on the frequency of Top 7 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and microbial population counts on processed beef from Argentinean Kosher cattle abattoirs authorized to export to Israel. A total of 480 samples (forequarters, primal cuts, trimmings) were taken and analyzed for Top 7 STEC detection and isolation and for mesophilic aerobic organism, coliform and E. coli enumeration. Differences in stx detection and microbial population counts on forequarter samples before and after salting were not statistically significant (P >0.05). All samples were negative for Top 7 STEC. Differences were significant for all microbial counts in primal cuts (P

Summary: Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that an early, robust type 1 interferon (IFN) response to SARS-CoV-2 is important in determining COVID-19 outcomes, with an inadequate IFN response associated with disease severity. Our objective was to examine the prophylactic potential of IFN administration to limit viral transmission. Methods: A cluster randomised open label clinical trial was undertaken to determine the effects of pegylated IFNβ-1a administration on SARS-CoV-2 household transmission between December 3rd, 2020 and June 29th, 2021. Index cases were identified from databases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 individuals in Santiago, Chile. Households were cluster randomised (stratified by household size and age of index cases) to receive 3 doses of 125 μg subcutaneous pegylated IFNβ-1a (172 households, 607 participants), or standard care (169 households, 565 participants). The statistical team was blinded to treatment assignment until the analysis plan was finalised. Analyses were undertaken to determine effects of treatment on viral shedding and viral transmission. Safety analyses included incidence and severity of adverse events in all treatment eligible participants in the standard care arm, or in the treatment arm with at least one dose administered. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04552379. Findings: 5154 index cases were assessed for eligibility, 1372 index cases invited to participate, and 341 index cases and their household contacts (n = 831) enrolled. 1172 participants in 341 households underwent randomisation, with 607 assigned to receive IFNβ-1a and 565 to standard care. Based on intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses for the primary endpoints, IFNβ-1a treatment did not affect duration of viral shedding in index cases (absolute risk reduction = −0.2%, 95% CI = −8.46% to 8.06%) and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to household contacts (absolute risk reduction = 3.87%, 95% CI = −3.6% to 11.3%). Treatment with IFNβ-1a resulted in significantly more treatment-related adverse events, but no increase in overall adverse events or serious adverse events. Interpretation: Based upon the primary analyses, IFNβ-1a treatment did not affect duration of viral shedding or the probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to uninfected contacts within a household. Funding: Biogen PTY Ltd. Supply of interferon as ‘Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a).’ The study was substantially funded by BHP Holdings Pty Ltd.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide affecting a third of adults and 12% of children in Western countries. In around 50–60%% of cases, NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) coexist and act synergistically to increase the risk of adverse hepatic and extra-hepatic outcomes. T2DM is a strong risk factor for rapid progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which have become frequent indications of liver transplantation.The pathophysiology of NAFLD is complex and its relationship with T2DM is bidirectional, where lipotoxicity and insulin resistance (IR), act as the strongest pillars.To date, no pharmacological treatment has been approved for NAFLD. However, there is an intense research with numerous drugs focused on reversing inflammation and liver fibrosis through modulation of molecular targets without good results.It has been known for some time that weight reduction >10% is associated to histological improvement of NAFLD. Recently, glycemic control has been shown to induce similar results. Diet and physical exercise for weight reduction have limitations, so alternative methods (pharmacologic, endoscopic or surgical) may be required. Currently, new antidiabetic drugs inducing weight loss, have been recently approved for the treatment of obesity. Nevertheless, their therapeutic effects on NAFLD have not been extensively studied.We will review here, recently published data on the effects of weight loss and glycemic control on the histological and metabolic parameters of NAFLD and recent published data on therapeutic studies of NAFLD with new antidiabetic drugs.

Overparametrization is one of the most surprising and notorious phenomena in machine learning. Recently, there have been several efforts to study if, and how, quantum neural networks (QNNs) acting in the absence of hardware noise can be overparametrized. In particular, it has been proposed that a QNN can be defined as overparametrized if it has enough parameters to explore all available directions in state space. That is, if the rank of the quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIM) for the QNN's output state is saturated. Here, we explore how the presence of noise affects the overparametrization phenomenon. Our results show that noise can “turn on” previously zero eigenvalues of the QFIM. This enables the parametrized state to explore directions that were otherwise inaccessible, thus potentially turning an overparametrized QNN into an underparametrized one. For small noise levels, the QNN is quasioverparametrized, as large eigenvalues coexists with small ones. Then, we prove that as the magnitude of noise increases all the eigenvalues of the QFIM become exponentially suppressed, indicating that the state becomes insensitive to any change in the parameters. As such, there is a pull-and-tug effect where noise can enable new directions but also suppress the sensitivity to parameter updates. Finally, our results imply that current QNN capacity measures are ill-defined when hardware noise is present.

Sheep’s milk is a significant source of nucleotide monophosphates (NMPs) but can also contain undesirable residues from veterinary drugs, posing a potential human health risk. This study introduces a novel application of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC), in heart-cutting mode, for the simultaneous determination of nucleotides and veterinary drug residues in sheep’s milk. 2D-LC allows for the separation of these compounds in a single chromatographic run despite their differing physicochemical properties. The proposed method separates six veterinary drug residues and five NMPs in a single injection. The compounds were separated using a C18 reversed-phase column in the first dimension and a Primesep SB analytical column in the second dimension. The method performance was evaluated in terms of linearity range, detection and quantification limits, matrix effects, precision, and accuracy. The results demonstrated good linearity and sensitivity, with quantification limits allowing for the quantification of veterinary drugs at the maximum residue level and nucleotides at typical levels found in milk samples. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of sheep’s milk samples acquired from local supermarkets, with recoveries within a range of 70–119% and 82–117% for veterinary residues and NMPs, respectively.

The design of graded and multifunctional lattice cores is driven by the increasing demand for high-performance components in lightweight engineering. This trend benefits from significant achievements in additive manufacturing, where the lattice core and the face sheets are fabricated simultaneously in a single print job. This work systematically compares the mechanical performance of sandwich panels comprising various graded lattice cores subjected to concentrated loads. In addition to graded lattice cores, uniform lattices and conventional honeycomb cores are analyzed. To obtain an optimized graded lattice core, a fully stressed design method is applied. Stresses and displacements are determined using a linear elastic analytical model that allows grading the core properties in a layerwise manner through the core thickness. The analysis indicates the superior performance of graded lattice cores compared to homogeneous lattice cores. However, conventional honeycombs outperform graded lattice cores in terms of load-to-weight ratio and stiffness-to-weight ratio. This study provides valuable insights for the design of lattice core sandwich panels and the advantages of several design approaches.

Abstract We study the celestial description of the O(N) sigma model in the large N limit as introduced by Coleman, Jackiw and Politzer. Focusing on three dimensions, we analyze the implications of a UV complete, all-loop order 4-point amplitude of pions in terms of correlation functions defined on the celestial circle. We find these retain many key features from the previously studied tree-level case, such as their relation to Generalized Free Field theories and crossing-symmetry, but also incorporate new properties such as IR/UV softness and S-matrix metastable states. In particular, to understand unitarity, we propose a form of the optical theorem that controls the imaginary part of the correlator based solely on the presence of these resonances. We also explicitly analyze the conformal block expansions and factorization of four-point functions into three-point functions. We find that summing over resonances is key for these factorization properties to hold. We end with some topics for future study.

En el artículo se analizó el encuadre informativo que medios colombianos realizaron al trámite de las objeciones a la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP) planteadas por el presidente Iván Duque. A partir de la fuente de 13 medios y de 1496 piezas informativas publicadas entre febrero y junio de 2019, así como de un análisis de contenido a las 121 noticias más compartidas en Facebook, se pudo evidenciar que los medios recurren a un marco confrontacional para producir información relacionada con la JEP. Fue posible identificar el uso de este encuadre en 85 textos caracterizados con posturas a favor y en contra de esta entidad. En contraste, las 36 piezas en las que no se identificó el encuadre de conflicto se caracterizaron por una postura de pretensión de equilibrio.

IntroductionParagangliomas (PGL), a type of neuroendocrine tumor, pose a significant diagnostic challenge due to their potential for unpredictable locations and asymptomatic presentation. Misdiagnosis of peripancreatic PGLs, particularly as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PANNETs), is a pressing issue as it can negatively impact both pre- and post-treatment decision-making. The aim of our study was to identify microRNA markers for the reliable differential diagnosis of peripancreatic PGLs and PANNETs, addressing a crucial unmet need in the field and advancing the standard of care for these patients.MethodsMorphing projections tool was used to analyze miRNA data from PGL and PANNET tumors present in the TCGA database. The findings were validated using two additional databases: GSE29742 and GSE73367.ResultsOur research uncovered substantial differences in the miRNA expression profiles of PGL and PANNET, leading to the identification of 6 key miRNAs (miR-10b-3p, miR-10b-5p, and the miRNA families miR-200c/141 and miR-194/192) that can effectively differentiate between the two types of tumors.DiscussionThese miRNA levels hold potential as biomarkers for improved diagnosis, offering a solution to the diagnostic challenge posed by these tumors and potentially improving the standard of care for patients.